Sustainable Management of the Ganga with Innovative Remote Sensing Methods - Patrice Carbonneau Rajiv Sinha S.K. Tandon Dave Milledge
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Sustainable Management of
the Ganga with Innovative
Remote Sensing Methods
Patrice Carbonneau
Rajiv Sinha
S.K. Tandon
Dave Milledge
Major Objectives of the project
• Use remote sensing to
Reach of the Ganga
examine and monitor river near Narora
connectivity in the Ganga
Basin
• Use reduced complexity
modelling to get easy
predictions of pollution
levels in the Ganga
• Development of a GIS
Platform: Spaceborne
Channel
Observation and Analysis Networks
of Rivers (S.O.A.R)
Basic Premises • Humans have had a strong impact on the river building dams, removing water and also polluting the water. • These changes in the network of the river and in the quality of its waters have had a dramatic impact on the ecosystem of the Ganga. • Efforts to restore the Ganga are once again a high priority for central and state governments • We need both new science and new management if the Ganga is to be restored to a sustainable Nature, September 30, 2010 status
Network Metrics With the Network created, we can calculate a few simple network measures: • Full list of possible paths • Reachability: list if 2 nodes are connected via a path. • Centrality: which nodes participate in the most local connections (i.e. flow nexus) • Modularity: are parts of the network isolated from the rest?
Adding more physical meaning: weights and
the connectivity matrix
1
n. 1 n. 2 n.3
dry link n. 1 0 0.5 1
Wet link
n. 2 0 0 0
n.3 0 0 0
2 3
By adding weights to an
adjacency matrix, we make Weights relevant to rivers:
it non-binary and call it the
‘Connectivity Matrix’. • Spatial distance to node
These weights can account • Channel Width at node
for more physical • Channel depth at node
processes: • Channel elevation at node
• Etc…
Basic Example • A simple network with 2 types of nodes: wet and dry. • Two connectivity matrixes calculated: • First was weights of 0.5 for dry and 1 for wet channels • Second has spatial distance to next node as weights.
Sample Results
Nodes with a high
centrality participate in
a large number of
connections and are
crucial to the system.
Flow Paths • Now we take the top 2 wet nodes as entry points and consider flow paths from these sources. • There are 2609 paths with lengths up to 29 nodes. • First we can convert these lengths into real river lengths (euclidean between nodes)
Sample Results These distances are important in ecological terms where it is recognised that animal displacement is a crucial energy expenditure. Many species of river fish show an inverse correlation between mouvement distance and survival.
Spaceborne Observation and Analysis of Rivers (SOAR) The SOAR prototype is functional and complete. In the coming months, large catchment areas of the Ganga will be studied.
Sample Results The modes at 0.94, 0.96 and 0.98 show that hundreds of paths have only a few dry nodes. Reactivation of a small number of dry nodes can have a large effect on the connectivity of the system.
Pollution Modelling Preliminary run of SCIMAP on the Ganga plains in the area of Kanpur
Pollution Modelling with SCIMAP Needed work: • SCIMAP was developped for the UK • Need to add population density • Need to consider Indian hydrology
New model Key elements: - Can do monsoon and non-monsoon climates - Includes population density and urban centres - Includes channel flow, precipitation and human water usage
Sample results
Gives us a tool to:
1- explore the relationship
between agriculture and water
quality
2- Build scenarios to target
management intervention
* Simulated water injection point
* Urban centreFuture developments and
capacity building thanks to
UKIERI
• Complete SOAR and examine the structure of the
Ganga
• Keep up with current events and extend the study
site to Uttarakhand (using declassified satellite
images of 60s)
• Initiate more detailed work on water quality.
Specifically, explore the potential of remote
sensing for rapid and low-cost monitoring of
water quality (e.g. airborne survey)
• UKIERI has enabled us to join a consortia of
universities – developing for a very large project
on the health of North-Indian rivers.Project Outreach
No. of exchanges under the India to UK: 06
project (including academic UK to India: 03+04
staff and students)
No. of joint publications / Conference/workshop: 02
research papers
Media mention / Press NIL
release
Workshops organised Durham: 1 (July, 2013):
(please include details like Craig Hutton, Southampton
no of participants/key University
people/Key speakers and Sanmit Ahuja, ETI Dynamics
Vinod Tare: IIT Kanpur
way forward from the
workshop) IIT Kanpur : 1 (proposed in
October)Post-UKIERI
• River Health project by a much larger Indo-UK consortium (workshop in
October, 2013)
• ESPA project (NERC)
– Assessing Health, livelihoods, ecosystem services and poverty alleviation in
populous Deltas
– Project partners:
• Southampton, Oxford (UK)
• Yadavpur, IIT Kanpur (India)
• BUET, Bangladesh
• CARIAA Project (IDRC)
– Migration as adaptation in degrading deltaic environments: assessing the
vulnerability and resilience of the poor under a changing climate
– Three major deltas in the world: Nile (Egypt), Ganga-Brahmaputra,
Mahanadi (India), Volta (Ghana)
– Project partners
• Southampton, Oxford (UK)
• Yadavpur, IIT Kanpur (India)
• IWFM and BUET Dhaka (Bangladesh)
• NARSS, Cairo (Egypt)
• GhanaYou can also read
