Risk Assessment - Western Sea Kayakers
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Risk Assessment
The four lines of defense in safety are: 1. Planning* 2. Physical and mental skills 3. Self and assisted rescue 4. Outside rescue
http://www.expeditionkayak.com/resources/risk-assessment/
Risk CONTROL MEASURES TO Risk with
PADDLE LEG HAZARDS
prior to
controls BE IMPLEMENTED
controls in
place
H/M/L H/M/L
1. Sennen Cove to St Martin’s, 1(a) Tidal race, H 1(a) Begin crossing HW Devonport M
+0300. Stay well north of L
Isles of Scilly (22.5 NM crossing) over-falls and reefs M L
Longships 1(b) Only attempt the
between Land’s M M
crossing with good visibility. Cross
End and H at right angles. Always pass astern
Longships1(b) of any vessels. Have collision-
Shipping Channels warning flares readily available.
1(c) Seven Stones Have immediate access to VHF Ch
Reefs 161(c) Pass well to the S of Seven
Stones
1(d) Being taken
1(d) Make allowances for wind and
too far N or S wave conditions. Maintain steady
pace throughout crossing. Double
check position and course with
GPS using waypoints during
crossing. Only attempt crossing in
good visibility. Only attempt
crossing when wind is in sector N
to SE < F5, SE to NE < F4. Stay N
of flight path of helicopters.
Only attempt if 5 day forecast is
satisfactory and gives realistic
prospect of completing return
crossing. If forecast is
unsatisfactory consider aborting
crossing (may be attempted
again at end of expedition)
Escort vessel to be on stand-by
in case of a problem
Journeys 1. Alcatraz and back from Horseshoe Bay 2. Rodeo Beach and back from Horseshoe Bay 3. Nick’s Cove to Bird Rock (Tomales Pt) and back 4. Davenport Landing to Santa Cruz (one way) 5. Santa Cruz to Monterey (one way!)
•HAZARDS •CONTROL MEASURES
WIND TIDE
YOU!
SWELL WEATHER
Sea Conditions Rating System (SCRS)
http://tsunamirangers.com/articles/sea-conditions-kayaking-difficulty-rating-system/
Factor Computation Method PointsScore
(Maximum)
1- Wind Speed 1 point per mph of wind speed (40)
2- Wind Speed 1 point per mph of wind speed (50+)
3- Wave Height 2 points per vertical wave foot (40+)
4- Swim Distance to Safety 1 point per 100 meters (20)
5- Breaking Waves 30 points if waves are breaking (30)
6- Rock Garden 20 points if paddling in rocks (20)
7- Sea Cave 20 points if entering sea caves (20)
8- Night 20 points if it is night (20)
9- Fog Up to 20 points if fog is dense (20)
10- Miscellaneous 10 points or more for other danger (10+)
TOTAL POINTS =
Divide total points by 20 to obtain CLASS LEVEL =RISK ASSESSMENT – Check List
WEATHER WATER
BIG PICTURE - SYNOPSIS SWELL
• Improving • Size
• Worsening • Period
WIND • Direction
• Speed (Now / Later) WIND WAVES
• Direction (Now / Later) • On Shore
• On Shore • Off Shore
• Off Shore • In relation to Currents
• Relation to currents TIDES
RAIN / SUN • High
• Temperature • Low
• Psychology • Range
VISIBILITY • Relation to off shore boomers
• Fog • Relation to on shore break
• Night/Dusk CURRENTS
THUNDERSTORMS • Speed
LAND • Direction
LANDSCAPE • Relation to wind waves
• Terrain • Relation to Swell
• Remoteness • Relation to Races and Over falls
OUTS BOAT TRAFFIC AND SHIPPING
• Roads INDIVDIUALS
• Help LEADER(S)
LANDINGS • Appropriately qualified for conditions
• Swell • Attitude to risk
• Beach Type • Ability to deal with emergency
• Tide GROUP
WILDLIFE/OTHER HAZARDS • Ability to deal with conditions
OTHER FACTORS STRENGTH
SUNRISE/SUNSET • Physical
VHF COVERAGE • Mental
• Skills
PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
• Body
• Boat
• Safety
• Visibility
HEALTH CONCERNSFloat Notes Number in Group: Names: Wind: Swell: HW: LW: Slack: Max Flood: Slack: Max Ebb: Heading 1: Reciprocal: Heading 2: Reciprocal: Actual Time of Departure: Latest Return Time: Turn Around Time: VHF Working Channel: Notes:
FLOAT PLAN
LAUNCH SITE:_________________________________________
If we do not report in by ______________AM/PM
on _______________________ (Time Date) __________________________ _________________________
Date Time AM/PM
VEHICLE:
Please call: __________________________________ OR
__________________________ _________________________
________________________________
Year/make/model/color License number
Emergency/Search Agency Phone
FINAL LANDING SITE:__________________________________
__________________________ _________________________
Report us as overdue/missing and provide
Date Time AM/PM
the following information:
SHUTTLE VEHICLE (if applicable):
KAYAKERS:
__________________________ _________________________
Names
Age/Gender Year/make/model/color License number
COMMUNICATIONS
Phone
❏ VHF radio Call sign __________________________
Kayak colors (deck/hull)
PFD colors ❏ Cell phone Number _________________________
Hours of daily monitoring_____________________
Paddling clothes
EQUIPMENT
colors (top/pants)
❏ Tent(s) Colors _______________________________
Skill level
❏ First-aid kit
Medical info
Float Plan ❏ Fire-starting materials
Water for _______ days
SIGNALING DEVICES
Food for _______ days
❏ Handheld flares
❏ Aerial flares
PROPOSED ROUTE, CAMPSITES, AND ALTERNATIVES:
❏ Smoke
❏ Strobe
❏ Flashlights
❏ Chemical light sticks
❏ Camera flash
❏ Signal mirror
❏ Markers
❏ EPIRB GEAR CARRIED ONBOARD:C.L.A.P. The C.L.A.P. principles form the basis of a dynamic risk assessment process. This process of risk identification and appropriate controlling action should conducted throughout the journey. Communication Line of Sight Avoidance is better than cure Position of Maximum Usefulness
Communication • Signals should be agreed in advance. • KISS (Keep It Short and Simple) Line of Sight • Always endeavor to have your fellow paddlers in your line of sight. • Do not all leave a place of safety to deal with a rescue. Send a capable rescuer and maintain line of sight using a chain of paddlers. Avoidance is better than cure • Create an atmosphere of mutual support within your group. • It is not enough to just ask someone: “How do you feel?” • If the intent is not to avoid, then be AWARE! Position of Maximum Usefulness • When protecting a feature, capable paddlers should position themselves so as to cover the highest risk. • This usually means covering the problems that are most likely to occur, rather than the most dangerous hazard. • Where can you put yourself to be ready to go?
Managing an Incident C – Collect your thoughts A – Assess the complete situation and formulate a plan with a back up M – Manage yourself first, the rest of the group, then the casualty E – Execute plan A R – Review the incident in context and as a whole A – Assess plan A’s effectiveness and modify it given the evolving situation
Rescue priorities: • Manage yourself first • Secure the rest of the group • Extricate the distressed paddler • Rehabilitate the paddler
Open Water Trip Leader / Instructor Equipment List Here is a list of equipment that should be carried by a trip leader or instructor when leading a group on open water such as San Francisco Bay or the Open Coast Life Jacket Main Hatches •VHF Radio •Group Shelter •Whistle •Survival Blanket •Knife •Extra Water •Compass (hand-held) •Dry Thermal Wear •Flashlight/Headlamp/Light Stick •Comprehensive Repair Kit •Strobe •Float Bags •1 x Orange Smoke Flare Boat •Personal Locator Beacon •Spares Paddles •Hydration Bladder •Pump •Energy Gels •Paddlefloat •Short Tow System •Chart/Map Day Hatch •Float Notes •Lunch including group snack •Deck Compass •Water •Long Tow System (waist or deck •Minor boat repair (bituthene/butyl mounted) adhesive tape) •Storm Cag •First Aid Kit •Additional Flares (Rocket and Smoke) •Neoprene Gloves •Balaclava/Skull Cap
Scenarios
1. Injured swimmer recovery from cave
or rocks.
2. Damaged kayak
3. Unconscious paddler in kayak
4. Unconscious swimmerWhat if….! Thanks to:
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