Regenerators for heat storage in Iron and Steel Industry - ATEE

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Regenerators for heat storage in Iron and Steel Industry - ATEE
Regenerators for heat storage
  in Iron and Steel Industry
• Gérard Griffay | Energy Program & Free Innovation Program Leader
  ArcelorMittal
  Global Research and Development

  Maizières Process
  Voie Romaine, BP 30320 - F-57283 Maizières-lès-Metz Cedex

  T +33 (0)3 87 70 43 83 | M +33 (0)6 27 45 85 19             February 28th, 2019
  www.arcelormittal.com
Regenerators for heat storage in Iron and Steel Industry - ATEE
ArcelorMittal:
  leader in steel and mining industry
• 200,000 employees in more than 60 countries with an industrial
  presence in 18 countries.

• Leader in all major global steel markets, including automotive,
  construction, household appliances and packaging.
• The largest producer of steel in the EU, North and South America and
  Africa, and a growing presence in Asia, including investments in
  China and India
• Annual shipments of 85 Mt/year of steel, 70 MM$ (2017),
• One of the world’s largest producers of iron ore (90 Mt/year) and
  metallurgical coal strategically positioned to serve our network of steel
  plants and the external global market

 Underpinning all our operations is a philosophy to produce safe, sustainable steel
                                                                                      2
Regenerators for heat storage in Iron and Steel Industry - ATEE
Energy use in steelmaking
    • World crude steel production reached 1691 Mt in 2017 33 820.1015 J/year
      (50% in china, 10% in Europe, 1% in France). → 33 820 PJ/year
    • About 50% of a steel plant energy input comes from coal, 35% from
      electricity, 5% from natural gas and 5% from other gases (H2, O2, fuels).
•     Steel production is energy intensive (20 GJ/t). However, improvements
      in energy efficiency have led to reductions of about 60% in energy
      required to produce a ton of crude steel since 1960.

                                               More and more difficult to
                                               improve energy efficiency
                                                 of existing processes

            - 60% since 1960

                                                                             3
Regenerators for heat storage in Iron and Steel Industry - ATEE
Main existing technologies for waste
heat recovery in each process

                          4
Regenerators for heat storage in Iron and Steel Industry - ATEE
–A–
Regenerators of coke ovens

                    February 28th, 2019
Regenerators for heat storage in Iron and Steel Industry - ATEE
Typical Coking Plant view

120 ovens, 240 regenerators (silica) for air and BF Gas
Regenerators for heat storage in Iron and Steel Industry - ATEE
Building of coke ovens

The first bricks (silica)
Regenerators for heat storage in Iron and Steel Industry - ATEE
OVENS
Empty regenerators        Regenerators
                   just below the ovens

  Ovens

  Regenerators
Regenerators for heat storage in Iron and Steel Industry - ATEE
Vue en coupe des régénérateurs
      OVENS             Regenerators

                              1000°C
                                       SiO2

                                       Al2O3

                               20°C
Regenerators for heat storage in Iron and Steel Industry - ATEE
PositionOVENS
         des régénérateursRegenerators
                           dans une cokerie
Cycle des inversions de chauffage

    OVENS              Regenerators
                                      Inversions
                                      toutes les 20 min

                                      Température air
                                      et gaz : 1000°C

                                      Température
                                      flamme 1300°C

                                      Débit de gaz :
                                      120 Nm3/h
                                      (12000 Nm3/h pour une
                                      batterie complète)

                                      Rendement : 70 %
–B–
Regenerators of hot stoves

                    February 28th, 2019
OVENS
          Hot stoves
        Regenerators
What is a hot blast hot stove?
Provides hot blast (hot air 900–1300ºC) to the blast furnace
Combination of a combustion chamber and checkerworks
                                                                                ~ 20 to 25 %
                                                                                 Thermal energy
Cyclic process: on gas stage followed by on blast stage                         consumed on site

                                  On blast stage (20–40 min) :
       On gas stage (30–60 min) : Cold blast (air) flows
       Combustion gases flow      through the checkerwork
       down and transfer heat to  and recovers heat
       the checkerwork bricks

                                                       Checkerworks = Regenerative HEx
                                                       (honeycomb design refractory bricks)
30 m

                                                                 Silica, High alumina, Fireclay
                                                                                            Date
OVENS   Regenerators

                          10 m

200 MW
OVENS   Regenerators
               1300°C

               SiO2

               Brick’s composition in
               function of
               temperature levels
               and cycles.

               Al2O3

               200°C
A hot blast stove battery
    Combination of 3 hot blast stoves to ensure hot blast flow rate & temperature

             On gas          On gas     On blast

                                                   Stove dome T (~1280ºC)

                    Pinstalled~ 3 x 200 MW           Efficiency: 80 %
                                                                            Date
[1] Zetterholm et al. App.Energy 2017
Ruchage (beehive)

   Canal section: s
CESSID Cowpers 20 à 22 /11/2000                             la théorie du cowper

  Ruchage (beehive)
                                                      s
             s                     Porosité:  =            ( 30 à 40%)
                                                   s + sm
                                   Diamètre        4.s
                                                d=
   p                       e       hydraulique:     p       ( 35 à 45 mm)

                                   1/2 épaisseur équivalente:
            sm                         e=
                                          sm
                                              ( 10 à 15 mm)
                                           p

                               e
                       d                             Modélisation
–C–
Regenerators of furnaces
 (regenerative burners)

                   February 28th, 2019
21

     Boostage de fours de réchauffage
     des brames d'acier

                              Dégrossisseur

                               Finisseur
Les fours à brames sidérurgiques

                                    Réchauffage des brames d’acier à
                                  plus de 1200°C.
                                    Équipement de chauffe : brûleurs
                                  à gaz de plusieurs Mégawatts (2 à 5).
                   35 m

Fours énergivores :
les plus gros consommateurs
d’énergie d’une usine intégrée
de production d’acier (150 MW).

                                                               01/03/2019
23

     Vue Générale d’un four de réchauffage

     Burners                   Hot air pipe system
                                                     Recuperator

                                   “walking” system
               Walking beams                             Fumes

                          35 m
24
      Principe des brûleurs régénératifs
      cycle brûleur récupérateur : 30 secondes à 120 secondes
      en fonction des technologies de récupérateurs

      déstockage                            stockage
       stockage                            déstockage
     2 MW

                                     Fumées
                                     Fumées

                                     Air
                                     Air                Matrice régénérative
                                     Gaz
                                     Gaz
A changer en Affichage > En-tête et pied de page
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  Efficacité des régénérateurs en nid d’abeille
    DT° moyen entre fumées extraites et air préchauffé : 50 - 300 °C en fonction des
    différentes technologies de régénérateurs
    T° moyenne de sortie des fumées : 150 - 300 °C (h de récupérateur > 80%)

                                                                              01/03/2019
Tests de brûleurs régénératifs
• Test de 2 brrûleurs
  HRS-DL from NFK

                                 26
Vue générale
               • Brûleur NFK HRS-DL
                 avec nids d’abeilles

               • P = 2 MW

                   Gaz
                             Air

                                   Gaz

                                         27
28

 Brûleur régénératif dans le four d’essais
Quelques résultats :
effet T° four et facteur d’air sur NOx et rendement

                       Rendement de combustion > 80 %

NOx < 200 mg/Nm3 dans
nos domaines d’application

                                               01/03/2019
A changer en Affichage > En-tête et pied de page
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   Enjeux des brûleurs régénératifs

   • sur four existant à puissance identique (remplacement des
     brûleurs traditionnels par brûleurs régénératifs):
     – augmentation de productivité + 17 %
       associée à une diminution de la consommation de - 14%

   • nouveau four tout régénératif à productivité constante (273 t/h)
     – longueur four 33,7 m → 24,7 m ( - 24 % )

                                                               01/03/2019
–D–
  Remaining challenges
in Iron & Steel processes

                    February 28th, 2019
Remaining challenges in Iron & Steel processes
to recover energy from gases and liquids
at very high temperature (1000 to 1600 °C)
i.e. converter gas (1600 °C), EAF fumes (1500°C), variable streams

→ How to cool these processes with higher temperature fluids than
 cold water to allow efficient heat recovery and use?

→ How to store this variable heat generation to allow a regular use?
Remaining challenges in Iron & Steel processes
to recover energy from solids at very
high temperature (500 to 1000 °C)

→ How to recover, store and transfer energy with high global efficiency
and low Capex from high temperature solids (500 to 1000 °C, like coke,
sinter, slabs, coils) to produce high temperature gases or steam or
endothermic chemical reactions?

   Coke        Slab                               coil
Remaining challenges in Iron & Steel processes
    to recover energy with low cost compact
    systems, and store it before reusing it.

•   Recovery of transient and high density energy sources
    i.e. converter gas (1600 °C), EAF fumes (1500°C), gas flares
    → low inertia systems, direct contact exchangers, high
                                                      350.000
                                                              temperature fluidized
    beds …                                            300.000
                                                        250.000
                                                        200.000
                                                        150.000
                                                        100.000
                                                         50.000
                                                          0.000
                                                                  1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
•   Storage of high temperature waste heat
    → Static materials, particles, high temperature phase change materials
      (> 500°C),
      chemical reactions, CO2 transformation …
MERCI

        35
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