Task 17 PV for Transport Draft Task Workplan for 2018-2020 Ver 1.0.3 23 August 2017 - Prepared by: Toshio Hirota Waseda University ...
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Task 17
PV for Transport
Draft Task Workplan for 2018-2020
Ver 1.0.3
23 August 2017
Prepared by:
Toshio Hirota
Waseda University
hirotat@aoni.waseda.jp
1
In collaboration with
Hiroyuki Yamada
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
yamadahry@nedo.go.jp
Keiichi Komoto
Mizuho Information & Research Institute, Inc.
keiichi.komoto@mizuho-ir.co.jp
Masanori Ishimura
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
ishimuramsn@nedo.go.jp
Mami Hasegawa
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
hasegawamam@nedo.go.jp
*Proposed subtask leaders and activities leaders shall be listed in the final draft workplan.
Abbreviations
2DS 2°C scenario
B2DS beyond 2°C scenario
ETP Energy Technology Perspectives
EV Electric Vehicle
ExCo Executive Committee
GHG greenhouse gas
IEA International Energy Agency
IEA HEV International Energy Agency, Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Programme
IEA PVPS International Energy Agency, Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme
IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency
LCV light commercial vehicles
LDV light-duty vehicles
PHV Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle
PLDV passenger light-duty vehicles
PV Photovoltaic
TCP Technical Cooperation Program
VPP Virtual Power Plant
V2X Vehicles to X (X: Grid, Home, etc.)
WTW well-to-wheel
2
Purpose of this document (CC from IEA-PVPS Handbook 3.2.6):
The Task Work Plan describes, in detail, the specific activities that will be undertaken to achieve the
Task objectives, and covers the entire duration of the Task.
The Operating Agent is responsible for developing the Task Work Plan, with input from, and the
unanimous approval of, the Task participants. A summary of the current Task Work Plan is included in
each semi-annual Task Status Report, focusing on the next 6-month to one year time frame. Approval
for a new Task will not be given without a good draft Task Work Plan.
The content includes:
• Brief statement of Task objectives;
• Brief description of subtasks;
• Specific activities planned under each subtask;
• Who is responsible for the work;
• Schedule for activities and reports, including major milestones; and
• Resource requirements for each major activity.
3
Table of contents
1 Foreword ............................................................................................................................... 5
2 Task 17 Preparation Group ................................................................................................. 7
3 Task Description ................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Background and relevance with respect to the mission of IEA-PVPS.................................. 8
3.2 Motivation for the new Task 17 ............................................................................................ 9
3.3 Goals & objectives .............................................................................................................. 15
3.4 Scope................................................................................................................................... 15
3.5 Approach ............................................................................................................................. 16
3.6 Programme duration............................................................................................................ 16
3.7 Share of responsibilities for the Task Work........................................................................ 17
3.8 Synergies between IEA-PVPS Task 17 and other IEA-PVPS Tasks.................................. 18
3.9 Synergies between IEA-PVPS Task 17 and other IEA Technology Cooperation
Programmes ...................................................................................................................... 18
3.9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................. 18
3.9.2 Collaboration with IEA-HEV ............................................................................. 19
3.9.3 Collaboration with other international organizations .......................................... 20
3.10 Added value ...................................................................................................................... 20
4 Description of Planned Work .............................................................................................. 21
4.1 Subtask 1: Benefits and requirements for PV-powered vehicles ...................................... 21
4.1.1 Activity 1.1: Overview and recognition of current status
of PV-powered vehicles .................................................................................. 22
4.1.2 Activity 1.2: Requirements, barriers and solutions for PV and vehicles ........... 23
4.1.3 Activity 1.3: Possible contributions and benefits .............................................. 24
4.1.4 Activity 1.4: Other possible PV-powered vehicles ........................................... 25
4.2 Subtask 2: PV-powered applications for electric systems and infrastructures .................. 26
4.2.1 Activity 2.1: PV-powered infrastructure for vehicles ....................................... 27
4.2.2 Activity 2.2: PV-powered applications for electric systems ............................. 28
4.3 Subtask 3: Roadmap of ‘PV for Transport’ ...................................................................... 29
4.4 Subtask 4: Dissemination .................................................................................................. 30
5 Resource Requirements, Allocation and Budget................................................................. 31
6 Task Reports ....................................................................................................................... 33
6.1 Task deliverables ................................................................................................................ 33
6.2 Reports to the ExCo ............................................................................................................ 33
7 Organizational Issues and Key Dates ................................................................................ 33
Annex A – Current Task 17 Mailing List ......................................................................................... 34
4
1 Foreword
The International Energy Agency (IEA), founded in November 1974, is an autonomous body within
the framework of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) which
carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries. The
European Union also participates in the work of the IEA. Collaboration in research, development and
demonstration of new technologies has been an important part of the Agency’s Programme.
The IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS) is one of the collaborative R&D
Agreements established within the IEA. Since 1993, the PVPS participants have been conducting a
variety of joint projects in the application of photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into electricity.
The mission of the IEA PVPS programme is: To enhance the international collaborative efforts which
facilitate the role of photovoltaic solar energy as a cornerstone in the transition to sustainable energy
systems.
In order to achieve this, the Programme’s participants have undertaken a variety of joint research
projects in PV power systems applications. The overall programme is headed by an Executive
Committee, comprised of one delegate from each country or one organization member, which
designates distinct ‘Tasks,’ that may be research projects or activity areas.
The participating countries are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey and the United States of America. The
European Commission, the SolarPower Europe Association, the Solar Electric Power Association, the
Solar Energy Industries Association and the Copper Alliance are also members.
In recent years the market for PV systems has been rapidly expanding with significant penetration in
grid-connected markets in an increasing number of countries, connected to both the distribution as
well as the central transmission network.
This strong PV market expansion has been contributing to saving fossil fuel consumption and
mitigating environmental impacts in residential, commercial, industrial and power sectors.
On the other hand, in order to mitigate CO2 emission in the transport sector, promoting electrified
vehicles is suggested as an effective option.
5
Although the positive impact to the transport sector by PV and renewable energy is relatively small
and the expected role of PV is not clear at present, the acceleration of integrating PV and renewable
energy to transport will be able to contribute to improving energy and environmental issues in the
transport. Taking into account the WTW emissions, a mutual exploitation of PV and electrified
vehicles with battery should be a key for reducing WTW CO2 emissions, as well as for deployment of
PV in the transport.
Task 17 focuses on possible contributions of photovoltaic technologies to the transport, as well as
expected market potential of photovoltaic applications in the transport.
This document is a draft of the Task Workplan for the proposed new Task 17: ‘PV for Transport’ for
the period from 2018-2020. It has been prepared by expert group for this new Task 17, based on the
concept paper submitted to the 49th PVPS ExCo meeting in Denver, CO, USA in May 2017, and the
discussions at the Task definition workshop in Washington D.C., USA (June 2017).
The final draft workplan shall be used by the PVPS ExCo during the discussion on this topic at the
50th PVPS ExCo meeting in Melbourne, Australia, in November 2017.
6
2 Task 17 Preparation Group
This present draft workplan was prepared jointly by experts listed in Table 1, during and following the
Task17 definition workshops at Washington D.C. in June 2017.
Table 1 List of experts involved into the development of the work plan for the new Task 17
Name Surname Institution E-mail Country
Hubert Fechner University of Applied Sciences hubert.fechner@technikum-wien.at AUT
Technikum Wien
Stefan Nowak NET Ltd., PVPS Chairman stefan.nowak@netenergy.ch CHE
Paul Kaaijk ADEME paul.kaaijk@ademe.fr FRA
Toshio Hirota Waseda University hirotat@aoni.waseda.jp JPN
Hiroyuki Yamada NEDO yamadahry@nedo.go.jp JPN
Keiichi Komoto MHIR keiichi.komoto@mizuho-ir.co.jp JPN
Masafumi Yamaguchi Toyota Technological Institute masafumi@toyota-ti.ac.jp JPN
Tatsuya Takamoto Sharp Corporation takamoto.tatsuya@sharp.co.jp JPN
Yuzuru Ueda Tokyo University of Science ueda@ee.kagu.tus.ac.jp JPN
Akinori Satou Toyota Motor Corporation akinori_satou@mail.toyota.co.jp JPN
*Proposed subtask leaders and activities leaders, experts from participant countries shall be added in
the list above.
7
3 Task Description
3.1 Background and relevance with respect to the mission of IEA-PVPS
(to be updated based on a new PVPS strategy for 2018-2022)
According to the current PVPS strategy, the overall mission of the PVPS Implementing Agreement
for 2013 - 2017 is “To enhance the international collaborative efforts which facilitate the role of
photovoltaic solar energy as a cornerstone in the transition to sustainable energy systems.”
To achieve the mission, the strategic direction of the programme addresses the following issues:
- Scenario work
- Market development and trends
- Policy framework
- Business models
- New technologies and applications
- Urban and rural implementation
- Large scale deployment
- Environmental aspects
- Quality and reliability
- Grid integration
The proposed work programme for the new Task 17 directly addresses a number of the strategic issues,
with a focus on the underlined issues which will be directly covered by Task 17’s activities.
As a part of the IEA-PVPS programme, Task 17 will support different stakeholders from research and
industry as well as policy-making by providing access to comprehensive international studies and
experiences with PV for transport.
In addition to market expansion of PV, the related new work will be coordinated with the other
activities relating to the transport within the IEA like the IEA HEV (Hybrid and Electric Vehicles).
A new PVPS strategy for 2018-2022 is in preparation. As this embraces revisiting all topics relevant
to further development and deployment of PV, expected outcomes of ‘PV for Transport’ will be
effectively merged with the new strategy.
8
3.2 Motivation for the new Task 17
In order to mitigate CO2 emission in the transport sector, promoting electrified vehicles is suggested
as an effective option. Taking into account the WTW emissions, a mutual exploitation of PV and
electrified vehicles with battery should be a key for reducing WTW CO2 emissions in the transport.
On the other hand, it is pointed out that to effectively use of battery with PV will be necessary for
further PV deployment with mitigating negative influences to existing grid. Although main target of
the point will be a self-consumption at residential and building PV systems at this moment, this will
be applied for PV utilization in the transport.
A potential of PV market in the transport will be large, and the market will be the next driving force
for the further development of PV. Although PV market in the transport is still small, ‘PV for Transport’
will contribute to a deployment of PV in the transport.
The need and motivation for new Task 17 will be summarized below:
- The combination of EV and PV can contribute to increased use of renewable energy in the
transport promoting electrification
- In particular, PV-powered vehicles will realize the use of renewable energy more certainly and
easily. It also helps to increase EV users
- PV market in the transport will be the next driving force for further deployment of PV.
- PV applications for the transport should be developed and deployed.
- Interaction between PV and transport can contribute to the stabilization of the electric power
system and create new business models.
Expected industrial stakeholders will be below:
- PV industry
- Transport industry, such as automobile companies
- Storage industry
- Electric system/network industry
- Energy service providers
Also, researchers in these fields will be expected, as well as political and institutional experts
connecting the PV (renewable energy) sector and transport sector.
A comprehensive image of ‘PV for Transport’ is shown in Fig. 1.
9
Fig. 1 Comprehensive image of ‘PV for Transport’
10In 2014, the transport sector accounted for 28% of global final energy demand and 23% of global CO2
emissions from fuel consumption, and consumed 65% of global oil final energy demand (Energy
Technology Perspectives 2017 [ETP2017]). As shown in Fig.2, most of transport energy use was
occupied by PLDV (passenger light-duty vehicles), LCV (light commercial vehicles) and trucks in
2015.
Fig. 2 Transport energy use, by mode, 2015
(©OECD/IEA 2017 Energy Technology Perspectives 2017 Figure 2.33, p. 85)
According to the ETP2017, expected contribution of the transport sector to achieve the 2DS (2°C
scenario) and the B2DS (beyond 2°C scenario), e.g. reducing CO2 emissions, is as high as the industry
sector (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4).
Fig. 3 Cumulative CO2 emissions reductions by sector Fig. 4 Remaining CO2 emissions in the 2DS
and technology: RTS (reference technology scenario) and B2DS
to 2DS
(©OECD/IEA 2017, Energy Technology Perspectives (©OECD/IEA 2017, Energy Technology
2017, Figure 1.7, p. 32) Perspectives 2017, Figure 1.8, p. 32)
As shown in Fig. 5, most of WTW (well-to-wheel) GHG emissions reduction is expected by LDV
(light-duty vehicles including PLDV and LCV). And, expected approaches for minimizing GHG
emissions from the LDV are changing fuels and promoting electrification of the fossil-fuel-based
passenger vehicles (see Fig. 6).
11Fig. 5 WTW GHG emissions reductions by transport Fig. 6 Global technology penetrations in LDV
mode and scenario, 2015-60 stock by scenario, 2015-60
(©OECD/IEA 2017, Energy Technology Perspectives (©OECD/IEA 2017, Energy Technology
2017, Figure 5.1, p. 219) Perspectives 2017, Figure 5.3, p. 223)
With increasing electrified vehicles, energy sources for the electricity supply to vehicles should be
secured. For reducing CO2 emissions from electrified vehicles, changing energy sources from
conventional to renewable energy, especially photovoltaic and wind power which have a good track
record in supplying electricity, should be accelerated. For promoting electrification of vehicles while
considering the cost for grid expansion, not only charging low-carbon electricity from the existing grid
network, but also charging electricity by itself on board and from dedicated stations using renewable
energy will be feasible (see Fig.1).
As shown in Fig. 7, PV technology is one of the key technologies to reduce CO2 emissions of the
power sector to achieve the 2DS and the B2DS. Also, as shown in Fig. 8, PV and renewable electricity
can reduce CO2 emissions of hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles.
CO2-g/mile
300
IL
Worst
250
HV(Gasoline) PHV(Gasoline)
Ave.
200
Best
Gasoline Natural Gas
150
Diesel
100
CA
BEV
50
PV, Wind,
Hydro, etc.
0
Fig. 7 Key technologies for reducing CO2 emissions Fig. 8 Well-to-Wheels Greenhouse Gas Emissions
from the power sector in the B2DS relative to the for 2035, Mid-Size Car
RTS
(©OECD/IEA 2017, Energy Technology (Ref. U.S.DOE: Program Record (Offices of
Perspectives 2017, Figure6.9, p. 285) Bioenergy Technologies, Fuel Cell Technologies
& Vehicle Technologies, 10 May 2013)
Possible options for using PV electricity for transport will be 1) Feeding PV electricity to electrified
vehicles through the grid and PV equipped houses/buildings; 2) Feeding PV electricity at the PV
equipped charging station; and 3) Integrated PV (PV-powered) vehicles.
12Among these options, options 2) and 3) can accelerate de-carbonization of transport than the 2DS and
B2DS in the ETP2017, while option 1) is already included in the scenarios. And, option 3) PV-powered
vehicles, using PV on the surface, is a quite new application to be developed, while charging
infrastructure corresponding to options 2) should be discussed as an important options for integrating
with electric system as an extension of option 1).
Considering the direct usage of PV electricity for passenger vehicles (PV-powered passenger vehicles),
the available area for PV modules is limited. However, the efficiency of PV cells/modules is steadily
increasing (see Fig. 9), and the PV even in a limited area will be able to work for the electricity supply
with a battery equipped in the vehicle. This idea can apply to other forms of transport such as freight
vehicles and trains. In these cases, larger surfaces are available for PV modules, and even conventional
(regular performance) PV module will be accessible.
Fig. 9 Example of development of high performance PV (Ref. NEDO)
Also, supplying electricity from transport (vehicle) to other equipment including the electricity grid
will be a promising approach for integrating with electric system, even in the option 1). Generally,
‘V2X’ (Vehicle to X: Home, Grid, etc.) means a simple bidirectional electricity interchange between
V and X, and that the electricity is first charged to the vehicle from the grid. However, an equipped
with on-board PV can supply electricity generated by PV to X.
13Here, vehicles include cars, trucks, trains, ships and planes.
Some automobile manufacturers have made an announcement of electric vehicles and/or plug-in
hybrid vehicles using a PV module on board. In addition, there are some examples of other vehicles
using PV on board.
(http://toyota.jp/priusphv/performance/char (https://www.sonomotors.com/sion/#pag (http://pps-net.org/column/19534)
ge/?padid=ag341_from_priusphv_top_perf e-content)
ormance03#)
Currently, there are some research activities for PV-powered vehicles.
For example, the Fraunhofer ISE has carried out and evaluated yield analyses of PV power supply for
commercial vehicles, such as refrigerated transport vehicles, using real-life solar irradiance data. As a
preliminary analysis, it is calculated that a 40 tons refrigerated semitrailer with a roof area of 36 m2
equipped with PV modules (nominal power of 6 kW) will be able to save up to 1900 L of diesel fuel
per year1. In Japan, a preliminary study on PV-powered passenger car, supposing 1kW PV on-board,
was implemented, and the findings are environmental benefit, e.g. contribution to reduction of CO2
emission, will depend on effective use of PV electricity generated on-board2, as well as economic
benefit.
To promote development and deployment of PV-powered vehicles, an increase in performance like
improving PV performance and management method, based on experiences in the actual field, is
expected. These activities are still at the initial stage, the same as PV systems in the 1990s.
For mitigating environmental impacts by the transport, additional support for deployment of
environmentally friendly vehicles using PV will be necessary.
1
Research at Fraunhofer ISE Investigates Integrated Photovoltaic Modules for Commercial Vehicles, PRESS RELEASE, April 4,
2017, (https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/press-media/press-releases/2017/research-at-fraunhofer-ise-investigates-integrated-
photovoltaic-modules-for-commercial-vehicles.html)
2
T. Sato, K. Komoto. M. Hasegawa, H. Yamada, et al:, The Potential of On-Board PV for Electrified Vehicles to Reduce Lifecycle
CO2 Emissions, PVSEC-26, Signapore, Oct. 2016
143.3 Goals & objectives
The main goal of Task 17 is to deploy PV usage in the transport, which will contribute to reducing
CO2 emissions of the sector and enhancing PV market expansions.
To reach this goal, the Task 17 has the following objectives:
- Clarify expected/possible benefits and requirements for PV-powered vehicles
- Identify barriers and solutions to satisfy the requirements
- Propose directions for deployment of PV equipped charging stations and integrating PV-powered
vehicles with electrical systems
- Develop a roadmap for deployment of PV for transport
- To realize above in the market, contribute to accelerating communication and activities going
ahead within stakeholders such as PV industry, transport industry such as automobile industry,
battery industry, and energy service provider
3.4 Scope
The scope of the work in Task 17 will be issues on integration of PV and vehicles such as PV-powered
cars, trucks and buses, PV equipped electricity charging stations and advanced electrical systems like
V2X and VPP with PV-powered vehicles.
As for the PV-powered vehicles, how to directly use and manage PV electricity for forms of transport
such as cars, trucks, trains and ships, and how to integrate PV components on board will be important.
Considering the V2X (and VPP), it is should be noted that the PV-powered vehicles can supply PV
electricity to ‘X’, in addition to electricity originally charged from the grid.
Expected benefits will be discussed from viewpoints of not only energy and the environment, but also
users and relative industries.
153.5 Approach
The work programme of the proposed Task 17 addresses issues on PV-powered applications such as
PV-powered vehicles, PV equipped electricity supply equipment and integrated electrical systems
consisted of PV-powered vehicles including cars, trucks, etc., mainly from technical viewpoints, and
also includes issues on expected benefits from users’ and stakeholders’ viewpoints in addition to
energy and environmental aspects. As a crosscutting issue, a roadmap for deployment of PV usage in
the transport and reducing CO2 emissions of the sector will be discussed.
The project requires the involvement of key players in the PV industry including experts of
system/application design, the transport industry such as automobile companies, the storage and
electrical system industry, energy service providers, researchers in these fields, and political and
institutional experts connecting the PV (renewable energy) and transport.
The work programme is organized into three main technical subtasks and one dissemination subtask.
The dissemination subtask will be in charge of communication with stakeholders in many different
ways from workshops to papers and reports.
- Subtask 1: Benefits and requirements for PV-powered vehicles
- Subtask 2: PV-powered applications for electric systems and infrastructures
- Subtask 3: Roadmap of ‘PV for Transport’
- Subtask 4: Dissemination
Activities within the subtasks will be carried out on a task-sharing basis as in other tasks of the PVPS
Technology Cooperation Programme. The Subtask leaders are to be confirmed by each country and
do currently not represent a formal commitment of the countries concerned.
3.6 Programme Duration
The proposed Task work is expected to be undertaken over a 36-month period from January 2018
through December 2020.
163.7 Share of responsibilities for the Task Work
The Operating Agent (OA) is responsible for the overall technical and administrative management of
the Task work and for implementing the decisions of the PVPS Executive Committee. The work is
structured on three levels: Task, Subtask and Activity. The OA is responsible for leading and
coordinating the Task. Subtask and Activity leaders are responsible for the work undertaken at these
levels.
In detail, the OA, Subtask and Activity leaders share the following responsibilities:
Operating Agent
- Coordination, scheduling and communication between subtasks.
- Preparing, leading and summarizing Task meetings (Proposal twice annually).
- Reporting to PVPS Executive Committee regarding progress of the work, task meetings, status &
annual reports.
- Collaboration and communication with other PVPS Tasks, and with other relevant IEA
Implementing Agreements.
- Coordinate/ensure publications of technical reports and other material.
Subtask Leader
- Coordination, scheduling and communication between activities.
- Assisting activity leaders within the subtask.
- Reporting and coordinating at the Task level.
Activity Leader
- Prepare activity plans and scheduling.
- Coordinate activity work and communicate with other participants.
- Produce and submit deliverables to OA.
173.8 Synergies between IEA-PVPS Task XX and other IEA-PVPS Tasks
Task 17 will use the resources of Task 1 “Exchange and dissemination of information on PV power
systems” regarding the dissemination and public affairs issues.
The designated Task 17 OA as well as individual Task 17 experts are collaborating with the following
other tasks of IEA-PVPS:
- IEA-PVPS Task 1 : Exchange and dissemination of information on PV power systems
- IEA-PVPS Task 12 : PV environmental health and safety
Collaboration with respect to environment assessment of PV applications for transport
- IEA-PVPS Task 14 : High Penetration of PV Systems in Electricity Grids
Collaboration concerning integrating PV applications with electrical system
Also, the following synergies may be possible (tentative):
- Task 9 : Contribution to increasing energy/electricity demand for the transport in
developing countries
- Task 16 : Forecast/prediction of PV electricity on board
3.9 Synergies between IEA-PVPS Task 17 and other IEA Technology Cooperation
Programmes
3.9.1 Overview
As the scope of Task 17 is directly linked to electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, the
collaboration with the TCP dealing with these topics will be of great importance.
The collaboration with the IEA-HEV will be an effective approach and proposed.
Also, there will be a possibility to collaborate with TCPs regarding issues on energy storage and grid
integration like a smart-grid. The collaboration with the IRENA will be an option, too.
183.9.2 Collaboration with IEA-HEV
The IEA-HEV covers various topics relevant to electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, and it
seems that topics discussed by some Tasks under the IEA-HEV will be relevant to the focus of Task
17’s. It will be useful to refer to their deliverables and to communicate with OA and experts of such
Tasks.
According to the IEA HEV Annual Report 2015, the HEV has the intention of increasing collaboration
with IEA-PVPS. It is feasible for Task 17 to collaborate with the IEA-HEV.
Table 2 Relevant Tasks under the IEA HEV
Task 23 Light-Electric-Vehicle Parking Identifies and addresses issues on light-electric-vehicle
and Charging Infrastructure including e-scooters, e-bikes and hybrid pedal/electric
bikes
Task 25 Plug-in Electric Vehicles Studies information and current variables related to
HEVs entering the market
Task 27 Electrification of transport logistic Summarize implementation hurdles and identify early
vehicles (eLogV) niche markets and commercialization opportunities
Task 28 Home grids and V2X technologies Analyzing technical and economic viability of V2X
(V2G, V2H, V2L, V2V) technology
Task 31 Fuels and energy carriers for Provides a comprehensive overview of different fuel
transport and drive-train options
(Ref: IEA HEV 2016, Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, the Electric Vehicle Commutes)
*To be updated by communication with the IEA HEV.
193.9.3 Collaboration with other TCP and other international organizations
Task 17 covers issues on electricity storage and integration with grid like a smart-grid. It may be useful
to collaborate with the following IEA TCPs:
- IEA ECES : Energy Storage
- IEA ISGAN : Smart-Grid
Also, the IRENA has published reports relevant to Task 17 shown below. There will be an option to
collaborate/communicate with the IRENA for promoting Task 17 activity.
- Electric Vehicles: Technology Brief (February 2017)
- Renewable Energy in Cities (October 2016)
3.10 Added value
As a part of the IEA-PVPS programme, Task 17 will support different stakeholders from research and
industry as well as political and institutional sectors by providing access to comprehensive
international studies and experiences with PV for transport.
The new Task in PVPS will allow the creation of unique platforms and opportunities of scientific
exchange with inclusion of private and public organizations working in the field of PV technology and
the transport.
Active collaboration with the IEA HEV will contribute to their discussion on deployment of electric
vehicle, V2X and fuels for transport, and PV can be identified as a promising option for future transport.
With its results and achievements, Task 17 will enable all interested stakeholders to understand the
value of ‘PV for Transport’.
204 Description of planned work
4.1 Subtask 1: Benefits and requirements for PV-powered vehicles
Subtask 1: Benefits and requirements for PV-powered vehicles
ST leader Toshio Hirota
Other countries
Context Looking at the trends and forecasts of energy consumption and GHG emission in the
transport, those are occupied almost completely by vehicles driven by oil products. In order
to mitigate environmental impacts in the transport, promoting electrified vehicles is
suggested as an effective option.
Then, how to directly use and manage PV electricity for passenger cars, trucks and
others, and how to integrate PV components on board will be important.
Scope In order to deploy the PV-powered vehicles, Subtask 1 will clarify expected/possible
benefits and requirements for utilizing PV on board. Targeted PV-powered vehicles will be
passenger cars (PHVs and EVs), trucks and others.
The results will be reflected to Subtask 2, and how to use PV-powered vehicles with
electric systems will be discussed.
Objectives - To recognize current status and future potential of PV-powered vehicles (Ac. 1.1)
- To identify requirements, barriers and solutions for PV-powered vehicles (Ac. 1.2)
- To clarify expected contributions by PV-powered vehicles to energy and
environmental issues in the transport (Ac. 1.3)
- To clarify expected benefits for users and industry by PV-powered vehicles (Ac. 1.3)
- To compare expected contributions and benefits by PV-powered vehicles to using PV
electricity not produced in the vehicles (Ac. 1.3)
- To discuss potential of other PV-powered vehicles such as ships, planes, trains and
other small vehicles, if any, as options (Ac. 1.4)
Total efforts
Duration 2018-2020
Activities 1.1: Overview and recognition of current status of PV-powered vehicles
1.2: Requirements, barriers and solutions for PV and vehicles
1.3: Possible contributions and benefits
1.4: Other possible PV-powered vehicles
214.1.1 Activity 1.1: Overview and recognition of current status of PV-powered vehicles
Activity 1.1: Overview and recognition of current status of PV-powered vehicles
Level of effort (PM)
Duration (months)
Activity leader
Participating countries
Method/approach Survey and analysis
Description of work (1) Survey existing scenarios and target for green-transport
- CO2 reduction target for transport including energy conversion of each country
- Current status and action plan for electrified vehicle introduction
- Scenarios for electrified vehicle introduction including PV powered vehicle
* Collaboration with IEA HEV team is expected.
(2) Survey showcases of relevant activities of PV-powered vehicles
- Investigation of relevant activity of automakers, institutes, and government
- Analysis of current technology and social acceptability
Deliverables Included in the Task brochure and/or technical reports as introductory topics
Target audiences All relevant stakeholders:
PV industry, transport industry, storage industry, electric system/network industry,
energy service providers, researchers and political/institutional experts connecting
the PV (renewable energy) sector and transport sector.
Milestones Dec 2018 Survey and analysis
Sep 2020 Revised edition
224.1.2 Activity 1.2: Requirements, barriers and solutions for PV and vehicles
Activity 1.2: Requirements, barriers and solutions for PV and vehicles
Level of effort (PM)
Duration (months)
Activity leader
Participating countries
Method/approach Survey and discussion with PV industry, automotive industry and battery industry
Case study and analysis on energy balance of vehicle requirement and PV generation
To identify requirement, barriers and solution for PV powered vehicle
Description of work (1) Case study and analysis on energy balance of requirement and PV generation
(1-1) Identify the energy requirement and solar radiation of each area
- Investigation of the typical driving modes and vehicle specification
* Collaboration with IEA HEV team is expected.
- Solar radiation by hour, day, season, area in each country
(1-2) Case study and analysis
- How to design PV capacity and structure for PV module integration
- Clarify requirement of battery capacity for each driving mode
- Clarify requirement of vehicle energy consumption for each application
(2) Requirements, barriers and solution for PV powered vehicle
(2-1) Requirements for PV cells/modules:
- weight, efficiency, flexibility, characteristics of module structure and materials
used, tolerant to curved surface, vibrancy, performance and lifetime
(2-2) Requirements for other components and vehicle
- Battery: current status and prospect of energy density and cost of battery system
- Energy management: MPPT and DC management system for vehicle
- Vehicle: safety, reduction of energy consumption
- Possible solutions to overcome the barriers
* Collaboration with IEA HEV team is expected.
Deliverables Technical report on requirements, barriers and solutions for PV-powered vehicles
- This may be combined with results of other activities under Subtask 1
Target audiences PV industry, transport industry, storage industry, researchers in both PV and
automotive sectors
Milestones Dec 2018 Investigation energy requirement and PV generation
Sep 2020 Technical report
234.1.3 Activity 1.3: Possible contributions and benefits
Activity 1.3: Possible contributions and benefits
Level of effort (PM)
Duration (months)
Activity leader
Participating countries
Method/approach Survey and discussion with PV industry, automotive industry and battery industry;
Case study and analysis on CO2 emission reduction and users benefits
Compare to indirect PV use
Description of work (1) Survey and discussion with PV industry, automotive industry and battery
industry;
(1-1) Estimate possible contributions from viewpoints of energy and environment
- Required electricity for the vehicles and expected PV electricity, with
considering driving mode of vehicles and expected solar irradiation
- Possible contributions to saving fossil-fuel consumption and reducing CO2
emissions, e.g., well-to wheel analysis
* Collaboration with IEA HEV team is expected.
(1-2) Identify/clarify possible benefits for users, industry and society, such as
- Less-charging
- Industrial activation
- Comfortable transportation systems
(2) Case study and analysis on CO2 emission reduction and users benefits
- Quantitative evaluation on CO2 reduction and less-charging
(3) Compare to indirect PV use
- Comparison possible contributions and benefits of PV-powered vehicles to
cases of using PV electricity not produces in the vehicle
Deliverables Technical report on possible contributions and benefits of PV-powered vehicles
- This may be combined with results of other activities under Subtask 1
Target audiences PV industry, transport industry, storage industry, researchers and
political/institutional experts in both PV and transport sectors
Milestones June 2019 Survey
Sep 2020 Technical report
244.1.4 Activity 1.4: Other possible PV-powered vehicles
Activity 1.4: Other possible PV-powered vehicles (ships, planes, trains and other small vehicles)
Level of effort (PM)
Duration (months)
Activity leader
Participating
countries
Method/approach Case study and analysis on energy balance
To identify requirement, barriers and solution for PV powered vehicle
Description of work (1) Case study and analysis on energy balance of requirement and PV generation
(1-1) Identify the energy requirement and solar radiation of each area
- Investigation of the typical driving modes and vehicle specification
- Solar radiation by hour, day, season, area in each country
(1-2) Case study and analysis
- How to design PV capacity and structure for PV module integration
- Clarify requirement of battery capacity for each driving mode
- Clarify requirement of vehicle energy consumption for each application
(2) Requirements, barriers and solution for PV powered vehicle
(2-1) Requirements for PV cells/modules:
- weight, efficiency, flexibility, characteristics of module structure and materials
used, tolerant to curved surface, vibrancy, performance and lifetime
(2-2) Requirements for other components and vehicle
- Battery, energy management, and vehicles
- Possible solutions to overcome the barriers
(3) Identify/clarify possible contributions and benefits of PV-powered infrastructure
- Possible contributions to saving fossil-fuel and reducing CO2 emissions
- Possible benefits for users, industry and society
- Comparison possible contributions and benefits of PV-powered vehicles to
cases of using PV electricity not produces in the vehicle
Deliverables Technical report on PV-powered vehicles; separate from PV-powered cars (Ac.1.1-
1.3)
Target audiences PV industry, transport industry, storage industry, researchers and
political/institutional experts in both PV and transport sectors
Milestones June 2019 Investigation
Sep 2020 Technical report
254.2 Subtask 2: PV-powered applications for electric systems and infrastructures
Subtask 2: PV-powered applications for electric systems and infrastructures
ST leader
Other countries
Context For promoting electrification of vehicles, not only charging electricity by itself on board,
but also charging renewable electricity at the environmental friendly infrastructure, e.g.
PV-powered charging stations, will be feasible.
Also, surplus electricity from vehicle to other equipment including houses, offices,
communities, and the electricity grid (V2X) will be a promising option for integrating with
electric system to reduce CO2 emission and to improve the quality of electricity. PV-
powered vehicles can supply electricity generated by PV to X, in addition to a simple
bidirectional electricity interchange between V and X.
Scope In order to utilize the PV in the transport effectively and widely, active combination
between PV and electric systems including infrastructure with vehicles will be an effective
approach.
Subtask 2 will discuss electric systems using PV-powered vehicles and infrastructures.
Objectives - To identify requirements, barriers and solutions for PV-powered infrastructure such
as charging station (Ac. 2.1)
- To clarify contributions and benefits by PV-powered infrastructure, and to compare
them to using PV electricity not produced at the site (Ac. 2.1)
- To identify requirements, barriers and solutions for PV-powered applications for
electric systems such as V2G (Ac. 2.2)
- To clarify contributions and benefits by PV-powered applications for electric systems
(Ac. 2.2)
Total efforts
Duration 2018-2020
Activities 2.1: PV-powered infrastructure for vehicles
2.2: PV-powered applications for electric systems
2.3: Possible/innovative social models and business models
264.2.1 Activity 2.1: PV-powered infrastructure for vehicles
Activity 2.1: PV-powered infrastructure for vehicles
Level of effort (PM)
Duration (months)
Activity leader
Participating countries
Method/approach Survey and discussion with PV industry, automotive industry and battery industry;
Case study and analysis
Description of work Identify/clarify requirements, barriers and solutions for PV-powered infrastructure
- Design of PV equipped infrastructure, including issues on control and
management
- Requirements and barriers for PV-powered infrastructure from technical and
political/institutional viewpoints
- Directions to overcome the barriers
Identify/clarify possible contributions and benefits of PV-powered infrastructure
- Possible contributions to saving fossil-fuel consumption and reducing CO2
emissions
- Possible benefits for deploying PV-powered applications for electric systems
- Comparison possible contributions and benefits to indirect PV use (using PV
electricity not produces at the site)
Deliverables Technical report on PV-powered infrastructure
- This may be combined with results of other activities under Subtask 2
Target audiences PV industry, transport industry, storage industry, researchers and
political/institutional experts in both PV and transport sectors
Milestones Mar 2019 Survey and discussion for PV powered infrastructure for EV
Sep 2020 Technical report
274.2.2 Activity 2.2: PV-powered applications for electric systems
Activity 2.2: PV-powered applications for electric systems
Level of effort (PM)
Duration (months)
Activity leader
Participating countries
Method/approach Investigation of current V2H system including system with/without battery
Case study and analysis on energy saving and CO2 reduction with PV powered
vehicle
Description of work (1) Investigation of current V2H system with/without battery
- V2H system configuration and HEMS (Home energy management system)
- Benefits with V2H system on energy saving, CO2 reduction and economy
- EV contribution for PV utilization factor with/without stationary battery
- How to use information networks and big data
- Barriers for V2H expanding and how to overcome the barriers
- Propose a system configuration of PV powered vehicle to a house
(2) Case study and analysis
- Identify the typical electricity consumption of a home
- Identify electricity generation of PV on the vehicle and the home (V2H)
- Estimate benefits to increase PV utilization factor for V2H
- Estimate benefit for community (V2Community)
- Identify/clarify possible contributions of PV-powered application to home,
community, and electric systems
- Improvement of efficiency and autonomy of HEMS and CEMS, and
improvement of grid stability
- Comparison possible contributions to simple ‘PV + storage + EVs’
Deliverables Technical report on PV-powered applications
- This may be combined with results of other activities under Subtask 2
Target audiences PV industry, transport industry, storage industry, electric system/network industry,
energy service providers, researchers and political/institutional experts in both PV
and transport sectors
Milestones Mar 2019 Investigation for PV powered infrastructure for EV
Sep 2020 Technical report
284.3 Subtask 3: Roadmap of ‘PV for Transport’
Subtask 3: Roadmap of ‘PV for Transport’
ST leader
Other countries
Context For reducing CO2 emissions from the transport, changing energy sources from
conventional to renewable energy, especially photovoltaic which have a good track record
in supplying electricity by utility-scale, should be accelerated.
Although PV market in the transport is still small, a potential of PV market in the transport
will be large and the market will be the next driving force for the further development of
PV.
New social models expected by innovational ‘PV for Transport’
Scope In parallel with Subtask 1 and Subtask 2, Subtask 3 will develop a roadmap for
deployment of PV-powered vehicles and applications.
Viable business models including VPP (Virtual Power Plant) will be also discussed.
Objectives The roadmap will include:
- R&D scenario of PV-powered vehicles and applications
Approaches to meet the requirements
- Deployment scenario of PV-powered vehicles and applications
PV-powered vehicles
Combination with infrastructures and electric systems
- Possible contribution to energy and environmental issues
Contribution to saving fossil-energy consumption and reducing CO2 emissions
- Social and business models
Interplay to expect from different types of actors, e.g. possible stakeholders
New social models expected by innovational ‘PV for Transport’
Possible/innovative business models
Total efforts
Duration 2018-2020
Activities No activities will be organized.
294.4 Subtask 4: Dissemination
Subtask 4: Dissemination
ST leader
Other countries
Context A considerable amount of new knowledge is expected to be developed under this task. It
is important that this knowledge is disseminated to the general public and end users in a
timely manner.
Scope Subtask 4 will focus on information dissemination procedures that effectively release key
findings to stakeholders such as PV industry, transport industry such as automobile
industry, battery industry, and energy service provider.
Communication/collaboration with the IEA HEV will actively be implemented, as well.
Objectives In order to deploy ‘PV for Transport’, as well as to deliver results of task, the deliverables
will be disseminated via workshops, conferences and so on.
Expected deliverables and opportunities will be as below:
- Technical reports based on proposed activities
- Task brochure
- Webinars and conference presentations
- Workshop with stakeholders
Total efforts
Duration 2018-2020
Activities No activities will be organized.
305 Resource requirements, allocation and budget
Potential areas of country involvement for the subtasks and their activities under each one are given
in Table 3. The expressions of interest presented in this table do not present any commitment by the
member country.
Resources required to perform the work in each of the Subtasks is provided in Table 4. As of November
2017, there have been no official commitments made by any country. Hence the total required
contributions in terms of person-months for the Task 17 have not yet been compiled.
After the endorsement of the extension of Task 17 by the ExCo and the final determination of the
organizational structure, leaderships and individual country contributions, the work plan will be
completed with the resource requirements, allocation and corresponding budgets.
Table 3 Task17: Country involvement and main contributors
(To be filled at/after the workshop in Vienna)
Subtask/Activity Contributing countries
(final list will be confirmed
during next (1st) task meeting)
Subtask 1: Benefits and requirements for PV-powered Lead:
vehicles Main contributors:
Activity 1.1: Overview and recognition of current status of PV- Lead:
powered vehicles
Activity 1.2: Requirements, barriers and solutions for PV and Lead:
vehicles
Activity 1.3: Possible contributions and benefits Lead:
Activity 1.4: Other possible PV-powered vehicles Lead:
Subtask 2: PV-powered applications for electric systems and Lead:
infrastructures Main contributors:
Activity 2.1: PV-powered infrastructure for vehicles Lead:
Activity 2.2: PV-powered applications for electric systems Lead:
Subtask 3: Roadmap of ‘PV for Transport’ Lead:
Main contributors:
Subtask 4: Dissemination Lead:
Main contributors:
31Table 4 Estimated efforts for the full duration of the Task
(To be filled at/after the workshop in Vienna)
Subtask Activity Person months
Subtask 1: Benefits and Activity 1.1: Overview and
requirements for PV- recognition of current status of
powered vehicles PV-powered vehicles
Activity 1.2: Requirements,
barriers and solutions for PV and
vehicles
Activity 1.3: Possible
contributions and benefits
Activity 1.4: Other possible PV-
powered vehicles
Total Subtask 1
Subtask 2: PV-powered Activity 2.1: PV-powered
applications for electric infrastructure for vehicles
systems and infrastructures Activity 2.2: PV-powered
applications for electric systems
Total Subtask 2
Subtask 3: Roadmap of Total Subtask 3
‘PV for Transport’
Subtask 4: Dissemination Total Subtask 4
Task17 Total
326 Task reports
6.1 Task deliverables
See section 4.
6.2 Reports to the ExCo
To provide the ExCo with a brief overview on the Task progress, Task Reports will be prepared every
6 months by the Operating Agent.
This report includes the Task objectives and strategies, key matters requiring ExCo discussion and/or
action, a brief overview on the progress and activities, the accomplishments of the previous six months
and plans for the next six months as well as a summary of documents published and planned. In
addition, highlights of industry involvement, a summary of inter-task coordination and a summary of
Task participation and effectiveness together with a plan for next meetings and a summary of current
Task Work Plan will be provided.
7 Organizational Issues and Key Dates
The schedule for the proposed Task 17 is as shown below:
- April 2017 : discussion on the draft concept paper, at the Task 1 meeting
- May 2017 : proposal of the draft concept paper at the 49th PVPS ExCo meeting
- 28 June 2017 : 1st definition workshop for developing a draft work plan, in
conjunction with IEEE PVSC-44 at Washington D.C., U.S.A)
- 12 September 2017 : 2nd definition workshop for developing a draft work plan in Vienna
- 15 November 2017 : Final workshop for completing a draft work plan, in conjunction with
PVSEC-27 at Otsu, Japan
- 29-30 November 2017 : proposal and vote on the work plan at the 50th PVPS ExCo meeting
33Annex-A Current Task17 Mailing List
Name Surname Institution E-mail (tbc) Country
Linda Koschier University of New South Wales AUS
Christoph Mayr Austrian Institute of Technology AUT
GmbH
Yves Poissant Natural Resource Canada CAN
Arnulf Jager-Waldau Ispra-JRC EC
Tristan Carrere ADEME FRA
Markus Schweiger TUV Rheinland DEU
Chinho Park MOTIE KOR
Lenny Tinker DOE, ExCo USA USA
Victor Plotnikov Lucintech, Transparent Power USA
Masafumi Yamaguchi Toyota Technological Institute JPN
Kenji Araki Toyota Technological Institute JPN
Akinori Sato Toyota Motor Corporation JPN
Michihiko Takase Panasonic Corporation JPN
Izumi Kaizuka RTS Corporation JPN
Hiroyuki Yamada NEDO, ExCo Japan JPN
Masanori Ishimura NEDO, ExCo-alternate Japan JPN
Junichi Yoshida NEDO JPN
Keiichi Komoto MHIR JPN
*Participants of 2nd definition workshop in Vienna shall be listed.
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