PRELIMS 08.05.2022 - Aram IAS Academy
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PRELIMS 08.05.2022
INDEX
S. No News Source
1 SEDITION LAW The Indian
Express
2 VIOLENCE ON WOMEN The Indian
Express
3 NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY IN INDIAN SOIL DTE
4 CYCLONE ASANI Hindustan
Times
5 ALSO IN NEWS PIB1. SEDITION LAW SEDITION LAW
CONTEXT: Sedition laws were enacted in
17th century England when
The Centre has told the Supreme Court that lawmakers believed that only good
the 1962 verdict of the top court in the opinions of the government should
Kedar Nath Singh vs State of Bihar case, survive, as bad opinions were
which upheld the validity of Section 124A detrimental to the government and
of the IPC on sedition, is binding on a monarchy.
three-judge bench, and it is good in law and
The law was originally drafted in
needs no reconsideration.
1837 by Thomas Macaulay, the
MORE ON NEWS: British historian-politician, but was
inexplicably omitted when
Attorney General said the sedition
the Indian Penal Code (IPC) was
law is valid, in view of the Kedar
enacted in 1860.
Nath Singh case judgement
Section 124A was inserted in 1870
(1962), which balanced freedom of
by an amendment introduced by
speech and security of state.
Sir James Stephen when it felt the
KEDARNATH SINGH VS STATEOF need for a specific section to deal
BIHAR: with the offence.
Today the Sedition is a crime under
The Kedar Nath Singh judgment
Section 124A of the Indian Penal
was passed by a five-judge bench.
Code (IPC).
Section 124A has been challenged
in various courts in specific cases. The validity of the provision itself was upheld by
a Constitution Bench in 1962, in Kedarnath Singh vs State of Bihar.
That judgment went into the issue of whether the law on sedition is consistent with
the fundamental right under Article 19 (1) (a) which guarantees each citizen’s
freedom of speech and expression.
The Supreme Court laid down that every citizen has a right to say or write about
the government, by way of criticism or comment, as long as it does not “incite
people to violence” against the government established by law or with the intention
of creating public disorder.2. VIOLENCE ON WOMEN
CONTEXT:
Nearly one-third of women in India have experienced physical or sexual violence, finds the
National Family Health Survey-5 report.
MORE ON NEWS:
While domestic violence against women has declined from 31.2% to 29.3% in the
country, 30% women between the age of 18 and 49 have experienced physical
violence since the age of 15 years, while 6% have experienced sexual violence in
their lifetime, finds the report.
Only 14% of women who have experienced physical or sexual violence by anyone
have brought the issue up.
KEY FINDINGS:
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE:
The survey finds that 32% of married women (18-49 years) have experienced
physical, sexual, or emotional spousal violence. The most common type of spousal
violence is physical violence (28%), followed by emotional violence and sexual
violence.
As opposed to this, only 4% men face domestic violence cases in the country.
Domestic violence against women is highest in Karnataka at 48%, followed by
Bihar, Telangana, Manipur and Tamil Nadu. Lakshawdeep has the least
domestic violence at 2.1%.
In over 80% cases of physical violence against women, the perpetrator is the
husband.
RURAL VS URBAN:
The experience of physical violence is more common among women in rural areas
(32%) as compared to their counterparts in urban areas (24%) and a woman’s
experience of violence declines sharply with increased schooling and wealth – both
for the female victim, as well as the male perpetrator.IMPACT OF EDUCATION:
The survey says, 40% women with no schooling are subject to physical
violence compared to 18% who completed their schooling.
The experience of physical violence ranges between 39% among women in the
lowest wealth quintile and 17% in the highest wealth quintile.
3. NUTRIENTDEFICIENCY IN INDIAN SOILS
CONTEXT:
Most Indian soils are
deficient in organic carbon DEFICIENCY OF SOIL
and macronutrients, flagged a
Indian soils are generally deficient in nitrogen
new report.
and phosphorous, while high in potassium.
FINDINGS: Phosphorous is low in Indo-Gangetic plains,
Central and North East India.
Levels of organic
Also, nitrogen deficiency is across the country,
carbon and
with the deficiency higher in central and
macronutrients are
southern India than in the Gangetic plains.
either ‘very low’,
Degradation of soil health has also been reported
‘low’ or ‘medium’
due to long-term imbalanced use of fertiliser
for most soils in India,
nutrients.
according to the report
The ideal n-p-k use ratio is 4:2:1, but has gone
by Delhi-based
from 6:2.4:1 in 1990 to 6.7:2.7:1 in
environmental think-
2016, according to a 2017 report by Fertilizer
tank the Centre for
Association of India.
Science and
Extractive farming practices such as in-field
Environment.
burning of crop residues (common in north-west
More than 50 million
India), removal of crop residues are also making
soil samples from
soil lose fertility in India.
across India were
tested during 2015-16 to 2018-19 in the government-approved laboratories to
understand the state of the country’s soils. About 85 per cent of the samples were found to be deficient in organic carbon; 97
per cent samples were deficient in available nitrogen; 83 per cent were deficient
in phosphorus; and 71 per cent in potassium.
Soils were deficient in micronutrients as well: About 47 per cent, 39 per cent, 37 per
cent and 36 per cent soil samples were deficient in boron, zinc, iron and sulphur
respectively.
4. CYCLONE ASANI NAMING OF CYCLONES
CONTEXT: The names and lists of cyclones are
maintained by the World
Cyclone Asani could bring light to
Meteorological Organisation’s
moderate rain with heavy rain in isolated
(WMO) international council.
areas in Odisha, West Bengal and Andhra
They also update this list of names.
Pradesh.
In the original list, only female
ASANI CYCLONE: names were added.
In 1979, male names were added to
The name of the cyclone has been
be used for the naming of cyclones.
given by Sri Lanka and
The naming lists are used
“Ashani” translates to “Wrath”
alternatively. In a rotating fashion, six
in the Sinhala language.
different lists are being utilized to
CYCLONES OVER BAY OF name the cyclones.
BENGAL:
The sea surface humidity, as well as temperature, is related to the development of
cyclones, hence, the Bay of Bengal acts as a good location for the formation of
cyclones as this region receives more rainfall along with slow breezes that keep the
temperature reasonably warm all year.
The warm air currents help in cyclone development as it raises the temperature of
the surface.5. ALSO IN NEWS
FIVE NEW Free breakfast for Class I-V government school children in
SCHEMES IN TN a phased manner
Initiatives to eradicate nutrition deficiency
Setting up of Schools of Excellence
Setting up of primary healthcare-like centres in urban
areas
Expanding the 'CM in Your Constituency' grievance
redressal scheme to all 234 constituencies in the State
PANGOLINS Pangolins are scaly anteater mammals and they
have large, protective keratin scales covering their
skin. They are the only known mammals with this
feature.
Insectivore- Pangolins are nocturnal, and their diet
consists of mainly ants and termites, which they capture
using their long tongues.
Out of the eight species of pangolin, the Indian
Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) and the Chinese
Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) are found in India.
IUCN Red List: EndangeredYou can also read
