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f a ble of Contents What is pervasive computing? Pervasive Technology Labs at Indiana University AdvancediMetwork Management Lab Community Grids Lab Open Systems Lab Visualization and Interactive Spaces Lab knowledge Acquisition and Projection Lab Contact Information Acknowledgements
W hat is p ervasive computing?
u ljA aerx Xerox PARC chief technologist Mark Weiser coined the
termed “ubiquitous” or pervasive computing in 1988, he imagined
a world where each person shared thousands of highly distributed,
but interconnected, computing devices. Weiser believed this com
putational power would be invisible — so ordinary, so natural,
and so commonplace that people used it, even depended on it,
without consciously acknowledging its presence.
Recent advances in computing power, storage, speech recognition,
and, most notably, wired and wireless networks, are rapidly bring
ing this vision into full realization.
By definition, pervasive computing is the increasingly powerful
integration of high-speed computers and intelligent devices —
ranging from scientific and medical instruments of all kinds and
sizes, to home appliances, low-cost ubiquitous sensors, personal
communicators, and information stores, to online digital libraries
and databases — all completely interconnected by wired and wire
less networks and accessible anywhere in the world.
In practice, pervasive computing is a complex amalgam of
computer science, engineering, human factors, and social
sciences, with the potential to radically change the ways we
interact with one another, conduct research and commerce,
and even the way we view the relationship between humans
and computers in the day-to-day aspects of life.
Pervasive Technology Labs at Indiana University is aggressively
pursuing research in the key pervasive technologies that will
, further enable this revolution, providing the infrastructure that
will drive the 21st-century information economy and foster the
growth of information technology in Indiana.
In the following pages, you are invited to learn more about some
of the research projects ongoing in the five Pervasive Technology
Labs established thus far. In the future, monitor news about the
latest developments and innovations and the creation of new labs
by visiting: www.pervasivetechnologylabs.iu.edu.Pervasive Technology at Indiana University
1996, Indiana University announced the goal of becoming a national leader in
absolute terms in the creative use and application of information technology. Through
much perseverance, innovation, and tremendous support from both the State of
Indiana and our private sector
partners, this goal has been
attained. The establishment of
Pervasive Technology Labs is
a significant part o f this
achievement.
In partnership with the Lilly
Endowment and building on
Indiana University’s
considerable information
technology infrastructure,
Pervasive Technology Labs
was established to research
the fundamental aspects of
pervasive computing that are
helping to drive the 21st
century information economy
and to foster the growth of
information technology in
Indiana. Through technology
transfer, commercialization of
innovations produced in the
labs, and joint research and
development partnerships
with industry, this initiative
is helping to create the high-
wage information technology
opportunities needed to retain
our highly trained Indiana
graduates and to attract new
scientific talent to the State.
Pervasive Technology Labs is leveraging what has clearly emerged as one of the major
macro-phenomena in information technology. Pervasive computing envisions a time when the
relentless decrease in the price of microprocessors, coupled with the equally relentless increase
in their power, allows microprocessors to become seamlessly integrated into every aspect of
our day-to-day lives. This, coupled with advances in mobile, high-performance, and converged
networks that link these microprocessors, is bringing about a world in which computing,
telecommunications, and information are truly pervasive.
4Michael A. McRobbie
Indiana University Vice President for
Information Technology and CIO,
Pervasive Technology Labs CEO
Though a future of pervasive computing is widely
recognized, Pervasive Technology Labs is one o f the few
extensive, sustained initiatives anywhere in the world
with the expressed purpose of capturing and exploiting
| the benefits of this dramatic trend and aligning it with
long-term economic development.
Focusing on the core, strategic technologies that underpin
pervasive computing, including information grids and por
tals, human-computer interaction, smart devices, open
. source software, high performance and wireless networking,
and security and privacy, these efforts are yielding a critical jj I
mass of research in these areas and are significantly expand- '
ing development capabilities in the State of Indiana.
Central to the University’s pervasive technology initiative is
the establishment of what will eventually be a core of six
world-class research labs working in distinct, though related,
aspects of pervasive computing. Each lab will be headed by
researchers of international standing able to attract highly I I
talented young staff and graduate students and experienced
in the commercialization of their research through product
development with industry or start-up companies. Presently,
four of the six labs are well established and led by distin
guished scientists and technologists of the highest caliber.
In recent months, efforts have been expanded to recruit
scientists to lead the final two labs, one of which is expected
to focus on cybersecurity. Additional laboratories funded
from other sources will also be established; one of these labs
has already begun operations.Pervasive Technology Labs is extremely fortunate to have
Dr. Dennis Gannon at the helm of its scientific efforts.
Known internationally for his work in advanced scientific
computing, Dr. Gannon has been instrumental in estab-
s
pervasivetechnologylabs
lishing the Labs and continues to be a pivotal factor in
attracting top talent to lead the Labs.
As a force for economic development, a key measure of
success for Pervasive Technology Labs is not only the
creation of high-wage IT opportunities, but also an
AT INDIANA UNIVERSITY increase in the number of Indiana graduates able to take
advantage of these new opportunities. In this pursuit,
Pervasive Technology Labs has a strong association with
the IUB and IUPUI Computer Science Departments,
where many of the Lab’s directors and graduate students
have academic appointments, as well as the new School of
Informatics. Through the new School significant, measur
able progress is being made toward this goal, where courses
and curricula that emphasize the practical application of
information technology across a variety of disciplines and
professional settings are being developed.
The School has experienced a great deal of success in
recruiting and hiring key faculty members, and the
numbers of students enrolling in Informatics programs
and courses continue to increase dramatically. A signifi
cant milestone in the life of the School was achieved in
May 2002, when it awarded its first Bachelor of Science
degrees.
Another key partner in the economic development
mission of Pervasive Technology Labs is Indiana
as Science Director for Pervasive University’s Advanced Research and Technology
Technology Labs. In addition to Institute (ARTI). Spearheading efforts that support the
commercialization of information technology develop
setting the scientific course o f the
ments and discovery, ARTI is working closely with
Labs, Gannon chairs the Com- Pervasive Technology Labs and the School of Informatics
puter Science Department at to develop broad technology transfer assistance programs
Indiana University Bloomington and to assist in the technology licensing process. In
and is Chief Computer Scientist addition, ARTI manages the Capital Seed Fund estab
lished to provide early-stage financing for promising
for the National Center for
technology developed through the Labs and elsewhere in
Supercomputing Applications the University, helping to move exciting new information
Alliance. Gannon’s current technology into the marketplace.
research focuses on the design of
All of these endeavors form the synergies required to
software component architectures
build the critical mass of education, research, and
for distributed scientific applica- business development activities needed for the State
tions; he is keenly interested in to build a more diversified technology-based economy.
building portals that allow users These efforts position Pervasive Technology Labs and
access to distributed services and Indiana University as critical seed-beds for fostering and
sustaining this much needed growth.
Grid applications.
Michael A. McRobbie
CEO, Pervasive Technology LabsResearch being conducted in the Advanced Network Management Lab will enable journalists
to wirelessly file reports, students to access library collections, and corporate travelers to easily
access the Internet and send e-mail from virtually anywhere.
technologies that make the Internet work betterGrid computing will evolve the Internet into a seamlessly interwoven computational environment.
Connected to the Grid, a desktop machine will draw on the computational muscle of all the other
computers on the Grid, accessing software applications, databases, sensors, and video streams,
each dynamically reconfigured to meet the challenge at hand.
network of computing pow er - on tap
e work of the Community Grids Lab
focuses on enabling community activities: allowing
scientists, researchers, and educators, regardless of
their physical location, to collaborate and share
information and resources. Such collaborations
may manifest in formats ranging from real time,
synchronous, person-to-person communications,
to asynchronous, group-to-group sharing through
portals and repositories.
Grid computing can be defined as the integration
of computer systems scattered across the Internet.
Linked together, these systems offer performance
otherwise impossible by any single machine, allowing
scientists to collaborate in solving some of the
Dr. Geoffrey Fox, interna-
most computationally intensive problems on today’s
research agenda, including proteomics research, drug tionally recognized as a pioneer in
development, astronomical data analysis, climate the development and application
modeling, earthquake simulation, and intelligence o f parallel computers, directs the
and satellite data integration. Community Grids Lab. Fox
believes that grid computing will
To maximize the power and flexibility of grid
substantively change the way com-
computing, researchers in the Community Grids
Lab are developing peer-to-peer systems and munities interact with one another,
collaborative portals that bring applications, profoundly impacting the global
processes, and data together in one location where economy.
electronic communities of users can easily access,
share, and update them.
Beyond purely solving computational problems,
these developments will greatly influence a variety
of such social processes as distance learning, virtual
organizations, and electronic medicine, law, and
government, and such physical processes as remote
instrument control and virtual manufacturing.
For more information about the Community Grids
Lab, see: www.communitygrids.iu.edu.
Grid computing is built on the concept of an electrical grid, providing
access on demand to computing and storage resources in the same
way that power grids provide power at the flip of a switch.Open systems software is based on the philosophy that greater sharing and collaboration
among researchers reduce the amount of time it takes to unlock new scientific discoveries.
Open standards and open software have changed the world, sparking the explosive growth
of the Internet and the World Wide Web.
:ueling econom ic and cultural ch an g e
^ l^ ak in g programmers more productive and efficient
is central to the mission of the Open Systems Lab,
which focuses its research on open source software
and software interoperability. Open source technologies
allow communities of experts to develop and share
standard protocols, processes, and tools, and to evolve
them in an open, collaborative, and decentralized envi
ronment. In essence, this approach brings the collective
intellectual resources of research communities world
wide to bear on developing and optimizing individual
software projects.
Open source software and systems are critical to the
future of pervasive, ubiquitous computing. Embedded
Dr. Andrew Lumsdaine leads computers control thousands of devices that permeate
the Opens Systems Lab. Lumsdaine everyday life, from personal digital assistants and
advocates the aggressive use o f open Internet-capable cell phones to medical devices, anti
lock braking systems, and automated factory systems.
systems — rather than monopoly or
To maximize their effectiveness, these systems must
mandate — as the best way to insure
work together seamlessly over wired and wireless net
interoperability o f pervasive systems. works, communicating through a common, consistent
interface.
Researchers in the Open Systems Lab are creating the
software systems, tools, and middleware that will enable
this future. As scientists develop advanced cluster man
agement resources, message passing interfaces, language
development tools, and generic computing languages
that jump-start innovation, they pave the way for future
discoveries that will benefit from the flexibility, free
dom, and efficiencies afforded by open systems and
standards.
For more information about the work of the Open
Systems Lab, and on how the Lab can provide educa
tion and training to companies interested in using open
systems software in their processes and products, see:
www.osl.iu.edu.
While the term "open source software" has only recently entered the mainstream business lexicon,
the radical idea behind it has always been a fundamental part of the university culture, where
software developers in science and engineering have been sharing software code for many years.The research of the Visualization and Interactive Spaces Lab combines advanced study in
computer science with applied elements of psychology and human factors, with the goal of
creating intelligent, visually rich, intuitive interaction between users and computers.
perception, performance, and understanding
O / f a picture says a thousand words, then imagine
what the terabytes of data collected each day through
satellites, sensors, and remote scientific instruments
might say to scientists and researchers. Translating
these vast amounts of data into comprehensible infor'
mation— and ultimately into applicable knowledge — is
the mission of the Visualization and Interactive Spaces
Lab. The Lab is researching methodologies to facilitate
information access, delivery, and discovery through a
complementary set of visually-rich, intelligent, and
intuitive hardware and software tools.
Today’s most important scientific and medical problems
require the integration of data from multiple, heteroge
neous sources, as well as the selective filtering and effec
tive visual representation of those data streams. The many years spear
Visualization and Interactive Spaces Lab is pursuing heading visualization efforts
advanced, automated software tools to facilitate and at the National Center for
enhance the data mining and visualization process.
Supercomputing Applications
The Lab is also engaged in the design and application at the University o f Illinois,
of display configurations and user interaction strategies Dr. M. Pauline Baker brings her
to support data exploration and learning. The Lab
expertise to the Visualization and
experiments with using emerging technologies in
advanced graphics, visualization, and virtual reality Interactive Spaces Lab as director
to create innovative physical and virtual spaces for and distinguished scientist.
information-rich applications.
The potential applications and benefits of the work of
the Visualization and Interactive Spaces Lab are broad
and significant, ranging from the visualization and com
prehension of oceanographic models and simulations
of supemovae, to enhanced teaching tools and access
to actual scientific data for educators and students.
For more about how the Visualization and Interactive
Spaces Lab is using visual and interactive technologies
to create useful, engaging computing environments,
see: www.vis.iu.edu.
Access to information is of vital importance, not only to scientists
and engineers but for a broad cross-section of society. Pervasive
computing creates new opportunities for designing systems
responsive to human needs and that extend human capabilities.The work of the Knowledge Acquisition and Projection Lab will provide a view into a comprehen
sive body of knowledge, offering a more complete solution for distance maintenance and support.
experience to improve performance support
(^ o m e of the Pervasive Technology Labs are focused
on developing core technologies. Others concentrate
on the targeted, in-depth application and integration
of core technologies to address important real-world
needs. Among them is the Knowledge Acquisition and
Projection Lab, the first externally-funded lab affiliated
with Pervasive Technology Labs, charged with develop
ing more efficient maintenance systems for the United
States Navy. This will reduce costs, increase system up
time, and ultimately, improve military readiness.
The need for tele-maintenance and distance support
Dr. Donald F. (Rick) McMullen technologies for today’s battleships, aircraft carriers,
brings experience in high performance and submarines is compelling and urgent. The current
generation of naval vessels is more complex than ever
computing, visualization, networking,
before. Deployed with fewer numbers of personnel,
and collaboration technologies to his these vessels increasingly require more sophisticated
role as director o f the Knowledge systems to maintain operational preparedness.
Acquisition and Projection Lab. Much
Working with a research consortium that includes IU,
of the Lab’s applied work will build on
the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane Division, and
fundamental research being conducted Purdue University, the Lab is developing a knowledge
within Pervasive Technology Labs. management system to provide user-specific and situa
tion-aware support for diagnosis and repair processes.
The system will adapt to ship particulars and to users
with varied levels of training and expertise. Built on
leading-edge technologies, such as case-based reasoning,
multimedia concept maps, and software agents, this
system will augment and integrate existing information
systems and processes used for diagnosis and repair.
Related projects in the Lab include developing
systems to assist users of distributed software systems
in understanding and correcting performance problems,
and knowledge-based middleware systems that allow
machine integration of software components without
the intervention of human programmers.
To keep current with progress in the Knowledge
Acquisition and Projection Lab, see: www.kaplab.iu.edu.
The knowledge management system will capture, organize, and disseminate knowledge, incor
porating experience gained through the resolution of new scenarios to provide real-time, expert
analysis in a context-rich, understandable paradigm. It could be adapted to support e-science
disciplines, such as high-energy physics, in similar ways.w'-'"-'' - : . m .. ■ ■». m. # jL f I 1 ■'m / H B 0 o ritrfc H n f o rma t fo ri Pervasive Technology Labs are co-located on the Bloomington and Indianapolis campuses of Indiana University. Administrative Offices Indiana University Research Park 501 North Morton Street Showers Complex, Suite 224 Bloomington, IN 47404 (812) 855-4810 Operations Manager: Therese Miller, millertm@iupui.edu Advanced Network Management Lab Indiana University Research Park 501 North Morton Street Showers Complex, Suite 224 Bloomington, IN 47404 Director and Chief Technologist: Steven S. Wallace, ssw@indlana.edu - B ' mKBr Community Grids Lab Indiana University Research Park 50TNorth Morton Street Showers Complex, Suite 224 Bloomington, IN 47404 Director and Distinguished Scientist: Dr. Geoffrey C. Fox, gcf@indiana.edu Knowledge Acquisition and Projection Lab Indiana University Research Park 501 North Morton Street Showers Complex, Suite 224 Bloomington, IN 47404 Director: Dr. Donald F. (Rick) McMullen, mcmullen@indiana.edu Open Systems Lab f \ 'U W 1* Lindley Hall 415 150 South Woodlawn Avenue Bloomington, IN 47405 Director: Dr. Andrew Lumsdaine, lums@cs.indiana.edu Visualization and Interactive Spaces Lab 1000 Waterway Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46202 Director and Distinguished Scientist: Dr. M. Pauline (Polly) Baker, baker@iu.edu
Pervasive Technology Labs
Steering Committee
Dr. Myles Brand, Chair
Indiana University President
pres @indiana. edu
Dr. Michael A. McRobbie, Vice Chair
Pervasive Technology Labs CEO
Indiana University Vice President for
Information Technology and CIO
vpit@indiana.edu
Dr. Dennis Gannon
Pervasive Technology Labs Science Director
gannon@cs.indiana. edu
Brian D. Voss
Pervasive Technology Labs COO
bvoss@indiana.edu
Dr. J. Michael Dunn
School of Informatics Dean
dunn@indiana.edu
School o f Informatics home page: www.informatics.indiana.edu
Mark S. Long
Advanced Research & Technology Institute (ARTI) President
msbng@indiana.edu
A R T I home page: arti.indiana.edu
19I
Acknowledgements
Produced by the Office of the Vice President for
Information Technology and CIO, Indiana University
Writer/Editor
Julie A. Wernert
S - n n r
l/ c a lg lic i
Maria K. Morris
Photographer
John McDermott
Printer
Metropolitan Printing Service, Inc.
Contributors
Karen Adams, M. Pauline Baker, Geoffrey Fox,
Andrew Lumsdaine, Donald F. (Rick) McMullen,
Michael McRobbie, Brian Voss, Steven Wallace
Thank you
Eric Bartheld, John Herrin, Jan Holloway, Therese Miller,
Matthew Morris, Narisara Murray, Anurag Shankar,
Daphne Siefert-Herron, Chad Singer, Carrol Stencel,
Jensen Walker, Krystin Washington, Eric Wernert
W ith sincere appreciation to the Lilly Endowment for its
generous and ongoing commitment to Pervasive Technology
Labs at Indiana University.
For more information or additional copies, please call the
Communications and Planning Office at (812) 856-5517 or
e-mail cpo@indiana.edu.
This information is available in alternative formats upon
request by contacting cpo@indiana.edu.
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