OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES - NCSP
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DE LA RECHERCHE À L’INDUSTRIE
OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES
NCSP TPR MEETING, 2021 FEBRUARY THE 23RD
DES (DIRECTION OF ENERGIES) SERMA (SACLAY)-SPRC (CADARACHE)
DES/ISAS/DM2S – DES/IRESNE/DER
C Carmouze, M Laget, YK Lee, D Noyelles, JC Trama
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - www.cea.fr
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES
2021 NCSP TPR MEETING : CEA participants
Coralie Carmouze : Cadarache (SPRC, CEA expert on neutronics
applied to criticality-safety and nuclear fuel cycle)
Michael Laget : Saclay (SERMA, CEA criticality safety expert
team, criticality accident expert)
Yi-Kang Lee : Saclay (SERMA, TRIPOLI Monte Carlo team,
benchmarking expert)
David Noyelles : Saclay (SERMA, CEA criticality safety expert
team, criticality safety expert)
Jean-Christophe Trama : Saclay (SERMA, criticality safety and
radiation shielding advanced users group manager)
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 2
CEA CRITICALITY SAFETY ORGANISATION
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - www.cea.fr
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 3
CEA : Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission
A key player in research, development and innovation in four main areas:
defense and security (CEA DAM), low carbon energies (CEA DES nuclear and
renewable energies), technological research for industry (CEA DRT), fundamental
research in the physical sciences and life sciences (CEA DRF). 20181 employees, 9
research centers, 5 billion euros budget (2019). cea.fr/english
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 4
Neutronics @ CEA DES : reactor physics, fuel cycle, criticality-
safety, radiation protection and shielding
From R&D to nuclear facilities
Two R&D units, SERMA @ Saclay and SPRC @ Cadarache, totaling 140 permanent staff + 40 PhD + 50 interns/yr.
https://www.cea.fr/energies/tripoli-4
For criticality safety, CEA is
closely working
Transport with IRSN on the CRISTAL*
Code criticality-safety
Development package, embedding codes
CRISTAL
from both institutions
Nuclear Data
JEFF 3 Calculation
Evaluation,
Sequences
Validation &
definition
Processing Fast reactors RJH
GALILEE Neutronics
@ CEA DES Transport cask
SMR EPR
CEA DES or Partners Advanced
Verification
User Groups,
Nuclear Facilities Validation &
Criticality
Uncertainty
Safety Expert
Quantification
Team
*www.cristal-package.org // *https://www.oecd-nea.org/tools/abstract/detail/nea-1903
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 5
CEA DES as a nuclear operator : criticality safety organisation
CEA–MARCOULE CEA–PARIS SACLAY
CEA DES as a Nuclear
operator : ~30 facilities CONTROL LINE – LOCAL
CS : CS
handling fissile material CCE
on Saclay, Marcoule and Criticality Specialist
QCE1,
Cadarache : SUPPORT LINE – LOCAL QCE2...
experimental reactors, CCE :
dry storages, pools, Centre Criticality Engineer
shielded cells, glovebox, Facility #1 Facility #2
storage facilities, waste QCE
OPERATIONAL LINE
management CEA–CADARACHE
QCE : Facility #3
Qualified Criticality Engineer QCE
CS
CCE
Facility #x Facility #5 Facility #4
QCE1,
QCE QCE QCE
QCE2...
Saclay
Marcoule SUPPORT LINE – CENTRAL
Cadarache Criticality Safety Expert Team (CST)
Saclay
CSEG : Criticality Safety Expert Group
People involved : CST (Saclay) 8 ; CCE 4 ; QCE : ~30 and CS 3
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 6
EXAMPLES OF CEA DES R&D IN CRITICALITY SAFETY
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - www.cea.fr
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 7CEA DES R&D in criticality-safety example 1 (CST, SERMA, Saclay)
early detection of criticality accident through neutron noise analysis
• Criticality accidents are monitored by Criticality Accident
Alarm System (CAAS), basically by monitoring neutron
counts on sensors
• Is it possible to have an earlier warning based on the
monitoring of statistics of neutron arrival times on the
sensors ?
• Feasibility of neutron noise analysis on analog TRIPOLI4®
simulations: demonstrated on SILENE experimental results
• Different analysis techniques implemented : Feynman-α,
Rossi- α, uncertainties by bootstrap method 2nd and 3rd order Feynman
parameters, simulated through a
• Preliminary evaluation of different fission models (FREYA, sequentiaal binning of events
FIFRELIN)
Next step: Parametric studies on the sensitivity and potential
range of application of the method
Further: define an experimental setup (probes, electronics) to
evaluate the concept on a critical assembly
8
2nd and 3rdorder Feynman parameters,
as a function of double and triple correlated detections
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 8CEA DES R&D in criticality-safety example 2 (TRIPOLI Team, SERMA,
Saclay) sensitivity analysis tools for k-eigenvalue
TRIPOLI-4®: continuous-energy Monte Carlo particle transport code developed by
CEA, Saclay, production-level code for CEA and EDF, and R&D tool
Reference calculation sequence for CRISTAL
Generic features: https://www.cea.fr/energies/tripoli-4
V&V based on international benchmarks (including ICSBEP) and CEA proprietary
experimental facilities
Examples of sensitivity analysis tools for k-eigenvalue
- Reactivity perturbations: variations in material compositions, cross sections, and fission
neutron multiplicities
- Sensivity coefficients of k-eigenvalues to nuclear data: cross sections, fission spectra,
scattering laws and fission neutron multiplicities
- Uncertainty propagation: COMAC covariance matrices
9
Reactivity effect due to variations in the
density of an inner shell for GODIVA
Terranova et al., ANE 121, 335-349 (2018).
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 9CEA DES R&D in Criticality-Safety Example 3 (SPRC, Cadarache)
Nuclear Data evaluation, processing & benchmark calc. e.g. Thermal Scattering Laws
Experiment - Evaluation Processing
Processing with the LEAPR and
THERMR modules of NJOY
Phonon density of states JEFF-3.3
Experimental validation with ILL data
(Bariloche, Argentina)
(Grenoble, France)
Integral benchmark calculation e.g. OCDE/NEA-WPNCS-SG3
Covariance matrix generated with
the CONRAD code
Effect and Uncertainties of H in Ice Thermal
Scattering Laws on neutron multiplication factor
for PWR Fuel criticality capplications. ICNC 2019,
Sensitivity Coefficient & Uncertainty propagation (TRIPOLI-4)
M. Tiphine, C. Carmouze, G. Noguere et all.
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 10CEA DES R&D in Criticality-Safety Example 4 (SPRC, Cadarache)
From codes VV-UQ* to industrial application e.g Burnup Credit
Depletion calculations Criticality calculations
keff
CEAV512 Nuclear Data Libraries based on JEFF-311 Evaluation
Codes development : APOLLO2, TRIPOLI-4, DARWIN2 (@CEA Saclay)
Nuclear data processing
Dedicated experimental programs
Dedicated calculation sequence definition & VV-UQ process
DARWIN depletion calculation package (CEA, EDF, Framatome, Orano)
VV-UQ based on French Post Irradiated Experiment
CRISTAL criticality-safety package (CEA, IRSN, Orano, Framatome)
VV-UQ based on international benchmarks (including ICSBEP)
& Nuclear Data validation : Oscillations Experiments in the CEA MINERVE reactor
for the validation of the BUC Fission Products capture cross-sections
*Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification
BUC integrated method to take calculation bias
& bias uncertainties into account in industrial 11
calculations
Burnup Credit application for transport cask using french expriments. PHYSOR 2014, M. Tardy et. all.
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 11POSSIBLE COLLABORATION WITH THE US DOE NCS PROGRAM
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - www.cea.fr
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 12criticality safety training :
the lack of hands-on training at CEA
The example of the CCE training course
A very high level training course under the responsibility of INSTN (National
Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology)
1 session every 2 years, 7 one-week sessions including a one-week internship
with a CCE (from any French licensee)
2 exams, 1 internship report, 1 oral exam to an expert committee
Mandatory to become CCE of CEA or any other licensee
Trainers are recognized experts of the domain (from IRSN, CEA -including the
CST-, Orano…)
See backup slides for the detailed content of the training
But since the shut down of the VALDUC facilities in 2014, after years of
fruitful collaboration between CEA, US DOE and IRSN : there has been no
possibility for the CEA personnel to have hands-on criticality safety training
on experimental facilities.
We would be very interested to study the possibilities for CEA personnel to
be trained in the US
https://ncsp.llnl.gov/training.php
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 13Possible collaboration with the US DOE Nuclear Criticality Safety
Program
Hands-on training session : CEA personnel trained in
partnership with the NCS Program
Early detection of criticality accident : theoretical work,
comparisons of simulations, definition of an experiment
Monte Carlo and Nuclear Data benchmarking :
independent evaluation of US experiments (ICSBEP, Post-
Irradiated Experiments) - comparison with the last JEFF
evaluation
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 14THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - www.cea.fr
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 15BACKUP SLIDES
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - www.cea.fr
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 16Neutronics @ CEA DES : reactor physics, fuel cycle, criticality-
safety, radiation protection and shielding
From R&D to nuclear facilities
Two R&D units, SERMA @ Saclay and SPRC @ Cadarache, totaling 140
permanent staff + 40 PhD + 50 interns/yr.
Together they are in charge of a whole set of modeling and simulation tools for
neutronics : nuclear data evaluation and processing, transport codes
development, calculation sequences edition, verification, validation and
uncertainty analysis. Advanced user groups are in charge of specific nuclear
analysis in reactor physics, fuel cycle, criticality-safety, radiation shielding and
nuclear instrumentation for CEA and its partners, at all stages of nuclear facilities
life cycle (from design to D&D).
A dedicated team to support the CEA nuclear facilities with regards to criticality
safety : the CEA Criticality Safety Expert Team (CST)
Some signature codes and sequences : the APOLLO cell and lattice code, the
TRIPOLI Monte Carlo code (https://www.cea.fr/energies/tripoli-4), CONRAD for
nuclear data evaluation and GALILEE for their processing, the REL calculation
sequence for PWR core physics, all are production level
For criticality safety, CEA is closely working with IRSN on the CRISTAL criticality
safety package, embedding codes from both institutions.
www.cristal-package.org and NEA-1903 package
https://www.oecd-nea.org/tools/abstract/detail/nea-1903/
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 17criticality safety training
CCE training course - content
Introduction to criticality hazard Calculations
Organization in France Module 3 Codes and tools of Cristal package
Introduction to neutron physics Practical exercices
Module Nuclear physics
1 Chain reactions, neutron balance Criticality safety in tranportation
Boltzmann Equation Introduction to nuclear fuel cycle
Practical use of simplified theory Fissile material storage
Methods to prevent criticality risks Enrichment and conversion
manipulate the order of magnitude UOX Fuel fabrication
dilution law and isopiestic Reprocessing Plant
Module 4
using curves and control modes Mass control
Module guidances and standards MOX Fuel Fabrication
2 codes validations exp. benchmarks Practical examples
methods of control Fuel Storage
safety margins Dismantling
NCS analysis and demonstrations Events : Feed back and lessons
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 18criticality safety training
CCE training course - content
Introduction to criticality accidents
History of criticality accidents Interaction CCE and calculation teams
Experimental machines Module 6 Practical cases
Practical exercices Human factors
Accident calculs codes Module 7 Internship with a CCE
Practical case on a reactor
Numerical case Conversations with CCE
CAAS Module 8 Exam
Intervention and examples Jury
Module 5
Radiation in case of accidents
Visit of measurement laboratory
Medical aspects
Emergency prepardnessmanagement
Visit of the crisis center of IRSN
Regulatory aspect (accident)
Simple formulas to estimate fisson number
CCE in case of a crisis
Practical case
Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives NCSP TPR MEETING : OVERVIEW OF CEA DES CRITICALITY SAFETY ACTIVITIES 19You can also read
