MONITORING MARS' ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS: FROM AN AREOSTATIONARY SMALLSAT CONCEPT TO A "MULTISAT" CONCEPT - ICUBESAT

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MONITORING MARS' ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS: FROM AN AREOSTATIONARY SMALLSAT CONCEPT TO A "MULTISAT" CONCEPT - ICUBESAT
Monitoring Mars’ Atmospheric Dynamics:
   From an Areostationary SmallSat Concept to a “MultiSat” Concept

                    L. Montabone 1
 B. Cantor 2, M. Capderou 3, L. Feruglio 4, F. Forget 3,
N. G. Heavens 1, R. J. Lillis 5, M. D. Smith 6, F. Topputo 7,
           M. VanWoerkom 8, M. J. Wolff 1

1 Space Science Institute (USA)
2 Malin Space Science Systems (USA)

3 Laboratoire Météorologie Dynamique (France)

4 AIKO S.r.l. (Italy)

5 University of California, Berkeley (USA)

6 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (USA)

7 Polytechnic University of Milan (Italy)

8 ExoTerra Resource LLC (USA)                       Mars Aerosol Tracker (MAT): A concept study funded by NASA
                                                      Planetary Science Deep Space SmallSat Studies (PSDS3)
                                                                                                      1
MONITORING MARS' ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS: FROM AN AREOSTATIONARY SMALLSAT CONCEPT TO A "MULTISAT" CONCEPT - ICUBESAT
Ma rs G l o b a l S u r ve yo r
 Ma rs O r b i te r C a m e ra
C re d i t : N A SA /J P L /2 MS S S
MONITORING MARS' ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS: FROM AN AREOSTATIONARY SMALLSAT CONCEPT TO A "MULTISAT" CONCEPT - ICUBESAT
Dust events

Dust devils                                                           MRO / H I R I S E

Local and regional                                                     MG S / MO C
                                                                       and Viking
dust storms
                     May 2 0 1 8                 July 2018

                                                                      MRO / MA RC I
Global dust events

                                                                                    3
                                                             C re d i t : N A SA /J P L / MS S S
MONITORING MARS' ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS: FROM AN AREOSTATIONARY SMALLSAT CONCEPT TO A "MULTISAT" CONCEPT - ICUBESAT
Water ice clouds
                     MG S / MO C                        Hubble

   Credit:
NASA/JPL/MSSS   Aphelion cloud belt                   Polar hood   4
MONITORING MARS' ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS: FROM AN AREOSTATIONARY SMALLSAT CONCEPT TO A "MULTISAT" CONCEPT - ICUBESAT
A regional dust storm from areostationary vs polar orbit
                      View from about 17,000 km above the equator
          Polar orbiter                             Areostationary orbiter

                 Mars Global Surveyor
                                                          Data from:
            Thermal Emission Spectrometer                                           5
                                                   Montabone et al., Icarus, 2015
      Gridded Infrared Column Dust Optical Depth
MONITORING MARS' ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS: FROM AN AREOSTATIONARY SMALLSAT CONCEPT TO A "MULTISAT" CONCEPT - ICUBESAT
Mars Aerosol Tracker (MAT): Mission goal and objectives
                                                         GOAL
                         Understand the regional Martian weather and its effects
                   OBJECTIVE 1                                                OBJECTIVE 2
 Understand the processes controlling the dynamics         Study the impact of the regional aerosol variability on
 of dust and water ice aerosols at the regional scale.         the derivation of surface physical properties.

              We plan to place and operate MAT in areostationary orbit in order to:

➢ Monitor at high sampling rate a large, fixed portion of the planet where dust storms and
  water ice clouds are likely to occur, using visible and infrared wavelengths;
➢ Observe the temporal evolution of dust storms and water ice clouds in the monitored area
  throughout the diurnal cycle;
➢ Derive surface properties accounting for the aerosol contribution (e.g. thermal inertia and
  albedo when large dust storms occur).                                                   6
MONITORING MARS' ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS: FROM AN AREOSTATIONARY SMALLSAT CONCEPT TO A "MULTISAT" CONCEPT - ICUBESAT
Mission Architecture
                                     We analyzed 3 mission scenarios

             Case 1                                                                    Case 2
Rideshare on an orbiter mission to                                        Rideshare on any mission to Mars,
Mars, release after Mars capture,                                            autonomous Mars capture,
descent into areostationary orbit.                                        descent into areostationary orbit.
   35 kg spacecraft wet mass                                                  45 kg spacecraft wet mass
                                       Case 3 (current baseline)
                                          Being released in GTO,
                                     autonomous navigation to Mars,
                                        autonomous Mars capture,
                                     descent into areostationary orbit.
                                        100 kg spacecraft wet mass                                     7
MONITORING MARS' ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS: FROM AN AREOSTATIONARY SMALLSAT CONCEPT TO A "MULTISAT" CONCEPT - ICUBESAT
Mission Architecture
We analyzed 3 mission scenarios

                                                 Case 2
                                     Rideshare on any mission to Mars,
                                        autonomous Mars capture,
                                     descent into areostationary orbit.

  Case 3 (current baseline)
     Being released in GTO,
autonomous navigation to Mars,
   autonomous Mars capture,
descent into areostationary orbit.
   100 kg spacecraft wet mass                                         8
MONITORING MARS' ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS: FROM AN AREOSTATIONARY SMALLSAT CONCEPT TO A "MULTISAT" CONCEPT - ICUBESAT
The 100 kg SmallSat with Solar Electric Propulsion

                                                ESPA ring

“Halo” 5th Generation Thruster Prototype (Xenon gas)        1100 W Solar Array   IRIS transponder + KaPDA 9antenna
MONITORING MARS' ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS: FROM AN AREOSTATIONARY SMALLSAT CONCEPT TO A "MULTISAT" CONCEPT - ICUBESAT
Payload
➢   One visible camera: Off-the-shelf camera
    ( ECAM-C50 from MSSS):
       → Fixed-focus, narrow-angle lens;
       → 2592 x 1944 pixels;
       → 29° x 22° FOV (full disk and limb);
       → 4 km resolution.
➢   Two thermal infrared camera developed by MSSS:
      → Fixed-focus, narrow-angle lens;
      → 640 x 480 pixels;
      → Same field of view as visible camera; 16 km resolution;
      → Filter wheel for selecting 6 spectral ranges;
      → Detectors responsive in the range 7.9 - 16 μm.
➢   Digital Video Recorder: Off-the-shelf from MSSS (ECAM-DVR4)   Malin Space Science Systems, Inc
                                                                      Proprietary Information
       → Buffer Size: 32 GB Non-Volatile / 128 MB Volatile                                  10
Products

           Weighting functions for the center of
           three spectral ranges on one side of
             the CO2 15 μm absorption band. 11
From one to three Areostationary SmallSats…

                                                                  Vertical perspectives
                                                                     (equivalent to
                                                                  areostationary views
                                                                 from about 17,000 km
                                                                   above the equator)
From monitoring
regional weather
  to monitoring
 planetary-scale
     weather
                                                                    Equirectangular
                                                                      projection

                                                                              12
…to a “MultiSat” concept

   Areostationary SmallSats                                           Polar-orbit CubeSats
    Weather monitoring, ground telecom                                    Atmospheric profiling

                                            Mothership
                                    Sub-surface/surface ice, aerosols,
                                          winds, telecom relay
Elliptical-orbit SmallSats               Spacecraft images are only
                                                                         Long-orbit SmallSat
      Plasma monitoring                                                  Solar wind and EUV monitoring
                                           for illustrative purpose                           13
Thanks for your attention !
   lmontabone@spacescience.org
                                 14
Back up slide

                15
First optimal launch opportunity
                                        2019       2020      2021        2022        2023        2024        2025        2026        2027        2028        2029
             Start           End       Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Phase A (Concept
           7/1/2019and Technology
                         9/30/2019Development)
                                         1
Phase B (Preliminary
          10/1/2019 Design
                         6/30/2020
                             and Technology Completion)
                                                    2
Phase C (Final
           7/1/2020
               Design and12/31/2021
                          Fabrication)                        3    4
Phase D (System
           1/1/2022
                 Assembly,
                         8/31/2023
                            Integration & Test, Launch)                        5      6 7
Phase E (Operations)
           9/1/2023      12/31/2027                                                                   Cruise         8                   9
Phase F (Closeout)
           1/1/2028      6/30/2028                                                                                                           10 11
Notes on milestones

System Requirements Review (SRR)              1
                                                                      Launch window:
                                                                                                      Start of science ops:
Preliminary Design Review (PDR)               2                       July/August 2023
Critical Design Review (CDR)                  3                                                       February 2026
System Integration Review (SIR)               4
Operational Readiness Review (ORR)            5                                                       (MY 38 LS~230°)
Mission Readiness Review (MRR)                6                                                                                   End of science ops:
Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP)
Initial Science Operations (ISO)
                                              7
                                              8
                                                                                                                                  January 2028
Decomissioning Review (DR)                    9                                                                                   (MY 39 LS~230°)
Disposal Readiness Review (DRR)              10
End of Mission (EOM)                         11

                   Mars-Earth Distance

                                                                                                                                      16                               16
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