Mind the gap: The role of HS2's Eastern Leg in bridging England's east-west divide - September 2020 - HS2 East
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Mind the gap: The role of
HS2’s Eastern Leg in bridging
England’s east-west divide
September 2020
1
State of play HS2’s Eastern Leg
The UK economy has one of the largest levels of Set to run from Birmingham’s Curzon Street station to The evidence in this document demonstrates that a
regional inequality of any advanced nation1. Despite In this report, we outline the economic and the HS2 East Midlands Hub at Toton, to Chesterfield, number of pertinent social and economic challenges
the Government’s renewed commitment to levelling social disparities between communities Sheffield and Leeds, with the potential to extend to disproportionately affect communities along the
up, the fact remains that wealth, employment on the Western and Eastern Legs of HS2, Newcastle and on to Scotland, the Eastern Leg of Eastern Leg of HS2 Phase 2b, both compared to
opportunities, productivity and social mobility are all demonstrating that a pervasive East – West HS2 Phase 2b will connect communities that are the Western Leg of HS2 Phase 2b, and the UK as
hugely influenced by regional geography – and the divide provides the clinching case for why home to over 13 million people and six million jobs. a whole. As well as outlining the nature of these
gap is widening. the Eastern Leg of HS2 Phase 2b must be inequalities, this report will explain how investment
built in its entirety. In February 2020, the Government confirmed that
in our new high speed network will catalyse the
As we look to recover from the economic impacts while the development and delivery of Phase One
In a time where we need to work together regeneration, development and social mobility
of COVID-19, it is vitally important that investments (from London to Birmingham) and Phase 2a (from
towards a safe and prosperous future, this needed to address these disparities.
are made to lift up left-behind communities, and Birmingham to Crewe) would continue as planned,
rebalance the distribution of opportunity UK-wide. report does not intend to create divisions the Government would undertake a review of Phase For the full benefits of our new high speed
Without targeted action current conditions will serve between the great regions of the North 2b of the project, publishing an Integrated Rail Plan network to be realised, it must be built in its
to exacerbate these inequalities further, condemning and the Midlands. We believe that both the (IRP) to consider how both its Eastern and Western entirety; both the Eastern and Western legs of
a generation of young people to a life of financial Eastern and Western legs must be delivered legs can be best integrated within the wider transport Phase 2b should be delivered as soon as possible.
hardship, frustration and unreached potential. in full. network. We expect this to be published before the
end of 2020.
North – South vs. East – West
Over successive decades, social, political and Glasgow Edinburgh
economic differences have been measured, HS2 Line (Phase One)
analysed and consistently publicised in the media HS2 Line (Phase 2a)
as demonstrating a clear North – South divide. Carstairs
Productivity, economic output and government HS2 Line (Phase 2b - Eastern Leg)
investment in areas such as transport are significantly HS2 Line (Phase 2b - Western Leg)
W
ES
higher in London and the South East than
T
Lockerbie
C
HS2 Services on existing network
O
communities in the Midlands and the North.
A
ST
Carlisle Newcastle
Northern Powerhouse Rail
MAIN LINE
However, as the UK regions meet the challenges of
attracting Government and private investment in the Durham
Midlands Engine Rail
face of unprecedented economic pressures, new
Penrith Darlington
perspectives and analysis is required to demonstrate EA
ST
the need for and value of game-changing projects
with the potential to catapult communities out of
C
Oxenholme
OA
recession and truly level up the nation.
ST MAINLINE
Lancaster York
Cllr Kay Cutts, leader of Bradford Leeds
Nottinghamshire County Preston Manchester
Piccadilly
Hull
Council, said: Wigan
Warrington
Manchester
Airport
Liverpool
“Now is the time to build back better Sheffield
Runcorn
and build back greener, accelerating Chesterfield
our economic recovery from COVID-19. Crewe
The Eastern Leg of HS2 is an essential Nottingham
Derby
part of this solution, one that will create East Midlands Hub
Stafford
thousands of high-skilled jobs and spread
the benefits of investment and regeneration EMA
to the local communities that need it most. Leicester
Birmingham
Government has committed to levelling-up Curzon Street
the UK economy, it must now deliver on this Birmingham
Interchange
promise, starting with the full construction
of the Eastern Leg.” Bedford
CGI of HS2 East Midlands Hub, the nearby Innovation Campus
and planned development
Delivery: 2035-2040
London
Old Oak Common Euston
UK2070: Make no little plans; acting at scale for a fairer and stronger future
1
2 3
The East - West divide
The Eastern Leg of HS2 in numbers
An analysis of social and economic indicators has
revealed a stark disparity between the outcomes and
life chances of communities living along the Eastern
Leg of HS2 Phase 2b, compared to communities Productivity
surrounding the Western Leg of HS2 Phase 2b.
Compared to communities on the Western Leg of
HS2, the Eastern Leg of HS2 and its surrounding Productivity in
communities:
Eastern Leg regions
(East Midlands,
Have lower productivity rates Yorkshire and the
Receive significantly less transport Humber and
North East)
investment
Cllr Judith Blake, leader of
22% less 11% less
Are home to more social mobility productive than productive than A third below London
‘coldspots’ Leeds City Council, said: UK average Western Leg average in 2018
“There’s no arguing with the facts – the
Several other factors suggest a need for transport
Eastern Leg of HS2 is home to communities
investment in the Eastern Leg geography, to
that are blighted by low productivity, are less
stimulate economic opportunity:
likely to achieve social mobility and that have
suffered from a chronic underinvestment in
A number of towns and cities along transport. Government must remedy this Transport Investment Per Head
the Eastern Leg are home to a high now, and commit to building the Eastern Leg
proportion of ‘financially stretched’ of HS2 in full, as soon as possible, giving
households the Midlands and the North the resources
needed to spark regeneration, job creation
Concentration of transport poverty
and economic growth.”
is significantly higher than the UK
average and correlates strongly with
areas of social deprivation
33% below 21% below
UK average Western Leg regions
(North West and West Midlands)
Social Mobility
42% of England’s social Twice as many
social deprivation
deprivation coldspots,
‘coldspots’ than Western
despite only having 23% of its
Leg regions
population
Artist’s impression of the planned regeneration of Leeds’ South Bank, near the city centre
4 5
Western Leg regions = the Western regions of
the Midlands Engine and Northern Powerhouse,
Eastern Leg regions = The Eastern regions of
the Midlands Engine and Northern Powerhouse,
Transport Investment
which run along the Western Leg of HS2 Phase 2b, which run along the Eastern Leg of HS2 Phase 2b, Overall transport spend per
composed of the West Midlands and North West. comprised of the East Midlands, Yorkshire and the
Humber and North East.
The Eastern Leg regions have suffered from a head (2014-20193)
sustained and chronic underinvestment in capital
infrastructure that has occurred under successive
Legend Governments over a period of decades.
In the five years from 2014-2019, the Eastern Leg £2,120
Western Leg Regions
regions received a transport spend per head that was
Eastern Leg Regions 33% below the UK average, and 21% below that £1,800
HS2 Line
North East received by the Western Leg regions.
£1,418
Western Leg regions
Eastern Leg regions
Yorkshire and
the Humber
North West
UK average
East Midlands
West Midlands North East £1,602
North West £1,909
Yorkshire and the £1,577
Humber
£1,185
Productivity Productivity (GVA per head) by
East Midlands
region compared to the UK average £1,716
West Midlands
As of 2018, the Eastern Leg
£1,804
regions (Yorkshire and the East
Humber, the East Midlands,
£4,348
and the North East) had the London
three lowest productivity
levels of any region in South East £1,706
England, falling 35%, 33%,
and 32% below the London South West £1,361
level in 2018.2
GVA per head in the Eastern
UK £2,120
Leg regions is 11% below
that of Western Leg regions, £0 £1000 £2000 £3000 £4000 £5000
and 22% below the UK
average. Transport Spend per Head (£)
2
ONS, 2020, Regional labour
productivity, including industry by p141 https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/901406/CCS207_
3
region, UK: 2018. CCS0620768248-001_PESA_ARA_Complete_E-Laying__002_.pdf
6 7
Social Mobility Social Mobility Coldspots in Transport Poverty
Eastern vs Western Regions
Households along the Eastern Leg of HS2 are
40 A household is considered to experience transport factor to economic growth. These were; public
No. of LA districts identified as coldspots
much more likely to experience poor social mobility; poverty where a lack of convenient, affordable transport access, private transport access and labour
calculated using a variety of measures including transport access limits economic prosperity and market outcomes5.
the quality of schools/educational institutions
35 quality of life. It may be that poorer public transport
It is clear that transport poverty is prevalent along
disadvantaged children attend, the grades they receive access hinders access to job opportunities or that
and the salaried jobs they eventually secure4.
30 struggling households are socially isolated or cut off
the whole length of the Eastern Leg, and is largely
restricted to urban areas close to the HS2-served
from amenities by the high cost of owning a car.
Communities surrounding the Eastern Leg are home to 25 stations shown below.
a high concentration of ‘social deprivation coldspots’; Our analysis of transport poverty examined three
where local authorities were within the lowest 20 38 main indicators, which when combined are a limiting
performing 20 per cent nationwide. Despite only
housing 23% of England’s population, communities 15
surrounding the Eastern Leg were home to 42% of Eastern Leg Transport Poverty
England’s social mobility coldspots. 10
Social mobility along the Eastern Leg is 12% below 16
UK average, while a prevalent East West divide is 5 Newcastle
clearly demonstrated below: Durham
0
Darlington
East West
% of England’s social deprivation coldspots by region
York
North West (6%) Area of Transport Leeds
South East (8%) Poverty
North East (5%)
South West (8%) Sheffield
Chesterfield
Yorkshire and the Humber (11%)
East Midlands Hub
West Midlands (18%)
Birmingham Curzon Street
East of England (18%)
East Midlands (26%)
The link between transport poverty and social
deprivation is undeniable. You will see on the next
page that areas of transport poverty and social
deprivation hotspots are very highly correlated.
Eastern Leg Regions Western Leg Regions Providing communities with better access to
convenient transport is essential if we’re to
42% of England’s social
mobility coldspots
24% of England’s social
mobility coldspots
achieve better outcomes and empower left behind
communities to benefit from better job opportunities
and greater financial security.
23% of England’s population 23% of England’s
population
HS2 East: Volterra, The case for an integrated new railway network serving the Eastern Leg (2020)
5
4
Social Mobility and Child Poverty Commission; The Social Mobility Index (2016)
8 9
Leeds City Region Derby, Leicester and Nottingham Primary Urban Areas
Transport Poverty Socio-Economic Deprivation Transport Poverty Socio-Economic Deprivation
Area of Transport Poverty Top 20% Most Deprived Area Area of Transport Poverty Top 20% Most Deprived Area
Sheffield City Region
Transport Poverty Socio-Economic Deprivation
CGI of planned development close to Chesterfield railway station
Area of Transport Poverty Top 20% Most Deprived Area
10 11
Financially stretched households Why do we need HS2?
One of six socio-economic categories used to The Eastern Leg of HS2 will catalyse the page). This level of transformation has not been seen
segment the UK population, financially-stretched regeneration, job creation and economic for a generation, and will see thousands of new homes
households make up 23% of the nation’s residents growth needed to lift up communities built, new leisure destinations opened and a host of
and are typically comprised of those living in low- surrounding our new high speed railway line. holistic placemaking in inner city areas.
value mortgaged or owned accommodation or those
It will do this by: Reducing transport poverty -> HS2 will be the
renting social housing, mostly semi-detached or
backbone of our public transport network for the
terraced properties. Raising productivity -> Our new high speed railway
next century, and will vastly improve access to public
will transform connectivity between the UK’s major
Financially-stretched households are: transport for communities along its route. It is the
cities and produce huge journey time benefits. Less
basis of complementary regional transport initiatives
• more likely to rely on low-skilled employment time spent travelling and increased ease of access
Northern Powerhouse Rail and Midlands Engine
to new domestic markets will increase productive
• less likely to have higher-level qualifications Rail that both utilise HS2 infrastructure, connect
output and reduce the disruption caused by
• less likely to have savings and more likely to communities to the high speed line and use the
cancellations and delays.
struggle with debt capacity HS2 frees up on the existing network to run
Encouraging social mobility -> Not only will HS2’s additional local and intercity services. This will raise
• home to a higher than average proportion of construction see the creation of thousands of productivity, encourage social mobility and reduce
benefit claimants apprenticeships, it will also prompt the creation of transport poverty.
Analysis of this data shows that a number of over 150,000 new jobs along the Eastern Leg, many
Reducing emissions -> HS2 will create space on the
towns and cities along the Eastern Leg have an of which will be highly-skilled. The ease of access to
conventional network for over 2 million lorries’ worth
above average proportion of financially-stretched these opportunities, along with the regeneration of
of goods to be moved from Britain’s roads onto its
households, including Leicester, Nottingham, deprived inner city areas will expose young people to
railways each year. A move that will reduce carbon
Ashfield, Mansfield, Bolsover, Chesterfield, Sheffield a host of new possibilities.
emissions by 76%.
and Rotherham. Catalysing regeneration -> The arrival of HS2 is
It will eradicate the need for domestic air travel,
prompting widespread regeneration around the
providing a carbon-neutral alternative to the hundreds
planned new station in the East Midlands, as well
of polluting flights that run between England and
in Chesterfield, Sheffield, Leeds and York (see next
Scotland each week.
Legend
HS2 Stations
HS2 Eastern Leg
Wakefield - Index Score = 137
HS2 Phases 1 and 2a
Financially Stretched Index Score Barnsley - Index Score = 160
40-60 Doncaster - Index Score = 138
60-80 Rotherham - Index Score = 138
80-100
100-120 Sheffield - Index Score = 126
120-140 Chesterfield - Index Score = 131
140-160
Bolsover - Index Score = 176
160-180
Mansfield - Index Score = 122
Ashfield - Index Score = 143
+150,000 Regeneration Boosting
new jobs of inner city areas productivity
Nottingham - Index Score = 142
Leicester - Index Score = 146
Better local Space for more Carbon-neutral
transport links rail freight travel
12 13
Leeds Full of Eastern promise
+40,000 jobs
Given the evidence outlined in this document, Our asks of Government:
+8,000 new homes
York alongside the mounting economic impacts of The Eastern Leg of HS2 must be built in
+£54bn to the local economy by COVID-19, it is essential that Government gives its entirety; alongside and within a similar
2050 +7,000 jobs businesses and investors along the Eastern Leg of timescale as the Western Leg.
+£1.6bn GVA HS2 the certainty they need to rebuild and flourish.
Supporting the development of De-scoping, descaling or delaying the Eastern Leg
Investment in these communities will have huge
Leeds’ South Bank, set to double would have dire economic consequences, and
benefits for UK PLC; the geography is home to major
the size of the city centre, creating disproportionately penalise the communities that
international gateways, world-leading industries
new leisure facilities, housing and such as advanced manufacturing, life sciences,
need its benefits most; communities that have
office space suffered from decades of underinvestment.
agritech and green energy production. Harnessing
Tees Valley
the potential of its people, workers and businesses Delivery must be completed as soon as
+16,000 jobs over the will boost economic output, lift productivity and possible
next decade create opportunity for a generation of highly-skilled,
It is essential that the Phase 2b Hybrid bill
prosperous households.
is drafted as soon as possible following the
Our message to policymakers is simple; we need the publication of the Integrated Rail Plan at the end
Eastern Leg of HS2 – back it, built it, benefit from it. of this year – programme delivery must not slip.
Sheffield
+12,000 jobs
+1220 new homes The East Midlands
+ £970m GVA +74,000 jobs
HS2 will generate swathes +£4bn GVA per year
of development around The HS2 East Midlands Hub at
Sheffield Midland station Toton will be home to a state-
including over 180,000sqm Chesterfield of-the-art innovation campus,
of commercial space, new +10,000 jobs bringing together established
homes, leisure destinations businesses and start-ups to create
and retail units. +4740 new homes 10,000 highly-skilled jobs.
+£270m GVA per year ‘Access to Toton’ transport plan
New HS2 maintenance will link over 20 cities, towns
depot at Staveley and villages to the HS2 station,
creating hundreds of improving local transport networks
Artist’s impression of new mixed-use development next to Sheffield Midland station
highly-skilled jobs. across rail, road, bus and tram.
14 15
16
You can also read
