LONDONSPECIAL - DLR at 30 Crossrail 2 Northern Line Extension SEE INSIDE FOR: Rail Magazine
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LONDONSPECIAL
F2R-pEaEge
3 l
Specia
PAUL BIGLAND.
SEE INSIDE FOR:
DLR at 30 ■ Crossrail 2 ■ Northern Line Extension
PLUS: Expertise from Bombardier, SNC-Lavalin, Siemens and Taylor Woodrow
LONDON
BOMBARDIER, MOVIA, ELECTROSTAR, AVENTRA and The evolution of mobility are trademarks of Bombardier Inc. or its subsidiaries.
SPECIAL
WE MOVE LONDON
JACK BOSKETT/RAIL.
Welcome CONTENTS
L
ondon Mayor Sadiq Khan unveiled
his draft Transport Strategy in June
that firmly places new transport
infrastructure as the cornerstone of
scale economic growth and regeneration
- the £1.2 billion Northern Line Extension
to Battersea, where more than £9bn is being
invested to convert the previously semi-
44 DLR at 30
RAIL celebrates three decades
of Docklands Light Railway.
52
London’s future prosperity and world status. derelict Battersea Power Station into new
Looking ahead over the next 25 flats and offices. RAIL is granted rare access Getting more for less
years, it argues that a steady pipeline of to the tunnel face of excavations and the Taylor Woodrow’s impressive
enhancements, including extensions to the main works site on p68-72. Underground feats.
London Underground and Docklands Light Next in the pipeline of future
54
Railway (DLR), will help create 1.2 million enhancements, and most certainly top Open access
more jobs by 2041, while supporting the of the list in terms of both engineering
TfL’s smart and simple
construction of 50,000 much-needed new scale and price tag, is Crossrail 2, which
accessibility solutions.
homes each year. could open by 2033 if it gets the go-ahead
56
That is not to mention providing relief to by Government. For a progress report on
existing capacity, as London’s population how plans for the £30bn-plus project is London legacy
is expected to rise from 8.7 million to 10.5 developing, RAIL speaks exclusively to SNC-Lavalin enjoys increased
million over the next 25 years. Crossrail 2’s Managing Director Michèle demand in the capital.
As a global leader in rail technology, Bombardier helps to keep London There is of course much precedent of Dix on p58-63.
58
moving, on one of the busiest and most complex transport networks in transport - and rail in particular - enabling
this type of significant economic growth, PAUL STEPHEN Crossrail 2
the world. Our MOVIA metro trains on London Underground’s Victoria and readers need look no further than the Assistant Features Editor, RAIL Crossrail 2 MD Michèle Dix
and Sub-Surface lines and our ELECTROSTAR vehicles on London DLR, which has played a crucial role in speaks exclusively to RAIL.
regenerating long-neglected parts of east
64
Overground transport thousands every day. London and establishing Canary Wharf as EDITORIAL Devoted to DLR
a global financial centre, ever since its first Managing Editor: Nigel Harris
passenger services ran in August 1987. How Bombardier’s rolling
For the Elizabeth line, London Overground, East Anglia and South Assistant Editor: Richard Clinnick
RAIL looks back at 30 years of operations Contributing Writers: Stefanie stock has made its mark.
Western projects, we are delivering state-of-the-art trains based on on DLR, during which time ridership Foster, Andrew Mourant
66
our new AVENTRA product family. With Bombardier’s latest trains and has grown 18-fold from 6.7 million in its Production Editor: Mike Wright
Art Editor: Charles Wrigley Compatible upgrade
first year to 122 million in 2016-17, while
technology offering market-leading performance, we are driving speaking to both Transport for London Sub-Editor: Richard Hampson Siemens Rail Automation helps
Managing Director: Tim Lucas to transform the Victoria Line.
The Evolution of Mobility. and operator KeolisAmey Docklands about
68
how the DLR has become one of the UK’s
highest performing railways (p44-51). ADVERTISING Down the Tube
To the southwest of the City, another Account Director: Julie Howard
RAIL reports from the Northern
transport scheme is underpinning large- Line Extension’s tunnel face.
#WeMoveCities
44
LONDON
SPECIAL
DLR at
30
A DLR service arrives at Canary Wharf on
August 22 2015 in the shadow of global
investment bank Citigroup’s EMEA
headquarters at 25 Canada Square.
ANTONY GUPPY.
Three decades after it carried its first
fare-paying passengers, PAUL STEPHEN
asks Transport for London’s Director of DLR
DANNY PRICE how the Docklands Light
Railway plans to maintain its enviable status
as one of the UK’s highest performing railways
W
hen Her Majesty the Queen which became DLR’s primary depot when it
officially opened East opened in 1994. 30 THINGS TO
London’s Docklands Light
Railway on July 30 1987, few
Well-known for its largely elevated route
and fully automated ‘driverless’ operation, DO BY DLR
could have imagined the extent to which the DLR passengers can enjoy uninterrupted To mark the 30th anniversary of
network would grow. views of Dockland’s rapidly evolving urban DLR, TfL has released a travel guide
Initially just eight miles long, the DLR landscape, on a self-contained network with showing visitor attractions around
comprised 15 stations, served by a fleet of 11 near-perfect punctuality. East London accessible via DLR,
single-car electric multiple units, based at a Operated and maintained by KeolisAmey including London Docklands Museum,
small depot in Poplar. Thirty years later and Docklands (KAD) on behalf of Transport Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park and
it has undergone six extensions, and now for London (TfL) since 2014, 99.5% of DLR the Royal Observatory Greenwich.
serves 45 stations on 24 miles of track. trains ran on time between May 28-June 24, It can be downloaded by visiting:
Passenger numbers have also risen this year with a moving annual average of http://content.tfl.gov.uk/dlr30-
considerably, from 6.7 million in DLR’s first 99.2%. Meanwhile, 89% of passengers said leaflet-and-map.pdf
year of operation to 122 million in 2016-17, they felt satisfied at the end of their journeys
served by today’s fleet of 56 Bombardier-built in the latest satisfaction survey.
and mainly three-car trains. Comprising 149 “DLR has a really exciting history, with Danny Price. “Passenger volume is now 18
individual vehicles, the fleet is now based at an extension opened on average every four times that of its first year, there are 13 times
Poplar, and also at a larger site in Beckton, years up to 2011,” says TfL’s DLR Director as many trains, and the fact that it’s grown
with investment [in the areas it serves]
makes it an unmitigated success story.
“Of its many successes, its biggest is that it
has maintained very high levels of reliability,
and really high levels of customer feedback.
It’s always had good engagement with
local users and visitors, while satisfaction
scores are high and social media feedback
is generally positive. I think the backbone
of that throughout has been the 99%
performance railway.”
The DLR was first conceived in the early
1980s as a catalyst in regenerating parts of
the East End of London which had become
economically depressed following the
closure of the Royal Docks to commercial
shipping in 1980.
At the time, Margaret Thatcher’s
government was actively supporting efforts
by newly established quango London
Dockland Development Corporation to
tempt large companies to relocate to the
Docklands area, and it saw the DLR as a
cheaper alternative to extending London
Underground’s Jubilee Line.
A £77m contract was subsequently
The DLR is opened by Her Majesty the Queen on July 30 1987, aboard DLR 011. The first agreed in August 1982, with a joint venture
passenger service would run a month later on August 31. TRANSPORT FOR LONDON. comprising GEC and Mowlam for
44 45
LONDON
SPECIAL
construction to begin in 1985 on three car opened from the Greenwich peninsula
routes between Tower Gateway, Island
Gardens and Stratford that intersected at
COMMENT: FORMER TFL RAIL MD AND to Royal Victoria Dock, a project delivered by
TfL’s DLR team.
Poplar. DLR CHAIRMAN HOWARD SMITH Price adds: “There were a far fewer people
By providing direct access between the “The thing that everyone involved ‘Docklands Light Ropeway’, as it was in Canary Wharf in those days (1987), but
Government-designated urban enterprise with the DLR talks of is the ‘can do’ christened by some! success has to be borne from somewhere
zone at Canary Wharf and central London, culture, in which it’s grown from an “In successfully pioneering moving and DLR delivered. In a way, it was the
the DLR paved the way for construction embarrassingly underspecified and block signalling, near-universal lifeblood of Canary Wharf, because its
work to begin on a new financial centre for rather unreliable service at the start stakeholder support, a record rail workforce relied on it so much at the time.
the capital to complement the Square Mile, to a vital part of the spectacular market share from a brilliantly located “Canary Wharf was a real case of ‘build
and its first major buildings were completed regeneration of East London. It station at City Airport, and its efficient, it and they will come’. And DLR was in the
in 1991, including the UK’s second tallest provides near-faultless service, cost-effective operations, the DLR has right place at the right time.
building, One Canada Square. day in, day out and carried half a taught lessons that go far beyond East “Today, passenger numbers continue
More than 150,000 people now work at million passengers a day as a trusted London, both in terms of organisational to grow, which raises the threat of
Canary Wharf, in two million square metres centrepiece of the 2012 Olympic learning and the DLR ethos that has overcrowding. Our primary objective is to
of office space, where a conglomeration of Games. spread throughout the world. A largely continue delivering that 99% railway. Plans
brokers, investment managers, insurance “The extensions to Lewisham, self-contained operation divorced for some great new rolling stock have now
companies, hedge funds management firms London City Airport, Woolwich and from some of the distractions - and gone out to tender, and we’re still adding
and currency exchanges have turned it into a Stratford rank as some of the most occasional madness - of the wider capacity at stations such as Custom House to
global command centre for the international rapidly developed and cost- networks has provided a make sure that we address crowding levels
trade of financial and professional services. effective rail infrastructure real chance for talented as they rise.”
Canary Wharf is also home to two of the anywhere in Europe, people to show what they How DLR will cater for growing demand
world’s largest banks, HSBC and Barclays. It delivered by a hugely can do - and have enormous was outlined in the Mayor of London Sadiq
is now also served by the Jubilee Line since talented team that ran a fun while doing so! Khan’s draft Transport Strategy published in
its Millennium Extension in 1999, and will ‘production line’ of projects, “Happy birthday DLR, June (RAIL 832). It proposed the DLR’s first
soon be served by Crossrail, once a station from walking the route, and here’s to even greater physical expansion since 2011 by extending
opens there on its Abbey Wood branch in through planning, delivery glories - and further from Gallions Reach to Thamesmead via
December 2018. and operation - eventually expansion - in the coming a new Thames river crossing, while also
Transport links were further boosted in including a cable car - the decades!” confirming a requirement for new rolling
June 2012 when the Emirates Air Line cable stock by 2022.
It says that 43 new trains are needed to
enable 33 of DLR’s oldest B90 and B92 stock
DLR 016 passes DLR 019 at Heron Quays on June 29 1994. The station re-opened trains to be withdrawn, and to strengthen
approximately 200 metres further south from here in 2002 as part of the DLR services across the Royal Docks area, which
capacity enhancement project to facilitate three-car running. PAUL BIGLAND. has been earmarked for 25,000 new homes
and 60,000 new jobs.
The trains will have walk-through
carriages, which will increase capacity by
30%. The new layout obviates the need for
longer trains, which would have required
costly upgrades to infrastructure. They’ll also
feature air conditioning - a first for DLR - plus
mobile device charging points and real-
time passenger information; the contract is Beckton depot opened in March 1994 on the site of the former Beckton Gas Works, and will
undergo further expansion to accommodate new rolling stock that will enter traffic in
expected to be awarded in summer 2018.
2022. ANTONY GUPPY.
“We’re really pleased that the Mayor’s
draft Transport Strategy shows an extension
to Thamesmead. I suppose it’s quite a small of developments and thousands of new So a new colour-coded map of the DLR
extension compared to previous ones, but homes and jobs that are expected. New has just been launched on trains and station
DLR is now quite a significant railway. It’s infrastructure and capacity are very much boards to make it easier to find popular
extremely important that we maintain it needed.” destinations, such as the ExCel exhibition
properly, run it effectively and sustain its Price says that DLR will also be employing centre, and provide clearer interchange
exemplary performance. other methods of increasing capacity by information.
“New rolling stock will increase capacity improving the flow of passengers, and in Coping with the capacity crunch brings
by 30%, particularly important in meeting particular the 25% of people who use DLR with it two additional challenges, as Price
the growing demand for journeys to London for leisure, perhaps experiencing DLR for the acknowledges the inherent difficulties of
City Airport and also the huge number first time. replacing elements of the fleet without
having any knock-on effect on reliability and
current service provision.
How Crossrail will affect DLR is also not
In a way, it was the lifeblood fully understood, with interfaces between
DLR and Elizabeth Line services at Canary
of Canary Wharf, because its Wharf, Custom House, West India Quay and
Stratford.
workforce relied on it so Price is optimistic, because the DLR
team have 30 years of predicting and
much at the time. accommodating new passenger flows, plus
the experience of the 2012 Olympic Games,
Danny Price, Director of DLR, TfL during which an unprecedented 12
46 47
LONDON
SPECIAL
million passengers were carried by DLR.
“Reliability and departure to schedule
scores are over 99% and we’re very proud
TIMELINE
of that, but there’s no complacency there. JULY 30 1987
We have a stock of trains, built in 1992, DLR opened by HM The Queen
that need replacing, but we still need to AUG 31 1987
maintain reliability while the old trains are First passenger service runs
being taken out of service. It takes quite a
lot of planning and collaboration with KAD AUG 1988
(KeolisAmey Docklands), our operator and 6.7 million passengers carried by
maintainer of the system. DLR in its first year
“In the short term, with Crossrail, you JUL 29 1991
could look at it from the perspective that Extension opened to Bank
some of the passenger volume gets taken
away from DLR [as passengers switch to 1992
23 B90 units enter service
using Elizabeth Line services], but what
you get instead is people utilising DLR in MAR 28 1994
a different way. You’ve got some different Extension opened between Poplar
dynamic operational challenges there, which and Beckton, where new depot opens
we’ve modelled, and with that there are
1995
some station upgrades taking place so we’re 47 B92 units enter service
ready for them.
“The Olympic Games left us with a legacy 1996
of planning and applying the right methods Annual ridership reaches 16m
DLR 04 approaches West India Quay on August 18 1989. It is one of DLR’s original 11 single-car
to prepare for big events. If you’ve handled trains, known as P86 stock. Built by Linke-Hofmann-Busch (now Alstom), the stock was sold APR 6 1997
Canary Wharf station is pictured on December 6 1991, less than a month since opening. The something as big as the Olympics, you can and moved to Essen, Germany, in 1991, as the vehicles did not meet safety regulations needed Docklands Railway Management Ltd
six-platform station was not ready in time for the DLR’s official opening in August 1987, after it apply that experience to anything.” to run in DLR’s newly built tunnelled extension to Bank. D. PYE/COLOUR RAIL. becomes franchise operator, owned
was realised that demand had been considerably underestimated and station plans would have He adds: “The Olympics aside, we carried by Serco
to be revised. COLOUR RAIL. out the modelling for the six extensions, so we’ve seen lots of trend changes and have approach, in November 2016 DLR and KAD
reacted to that. Most of those trend changes achieved certification to BS 11000, the British NOV 22 1999
have been relatively gradual. But, as I said, Standard for Collaborative Relationships. Lewisham extension opened
FROM THE OPERATOR: much of the legacy from 2012 is about
planning for things, not reacting to them.”
“I think it’s absolutely critical that we have
been such good partners since December
1999
Annual ridership reaches 29m
KEVIN THOMAS, MANAGING DIRECTOR OF KEOLISAMEY DOCKLANDS Price says he’s confident in the strength 2014. The two senior teams are completely
2002
of TfL’s relationship with KAD, which took aligned on agreed objectives to deliver
24 B2K stock units enter service
“Commencing on December to make the DLR more accessible, providing mobility to more over operations and maintenance from Serco service excellence for our customers on a
7 2014, we are now well people than ever before. in December 2014 in a contract that will run daily basis. DEC 2 2005
into our third year as “Transport for London is one of the largest transport bodies until 2021 at the earliest. “That is what completely underpins how London City Airport extension opens
franchise operator and are in the world; it is a good client with big aspirations. The DLR is In formal recognition of this partnership DLR delivers for TfL, as opposed to
2006
responsible for the operation an iconic, high-performance railway and we are very proud to
Annual ridership reaches 60m
of all services, along with the
maintenance of rolling stock
be trusted to run the DLR on its behalf. With Keolis and Amey
as the parent companies of this franchise, we can draw on a
Getting the BS 11000 standard in MAY 2006
and infrastructure assets.
“The franchise is very
vast range of expertise within these organisations to share best
practice from their global operations.
collaboration was a significant achievement. New franchise awarded to Serco
Docklands
collaborative in nature and
we have a strong relationship
“This has helped us to deliver exceptional levels of
performance, consistently above 99% and achieving beyond
I don’t think many of these were awarded 2009
55 B07 stock units enter service
with Docklands Light Railway
Limited, with which we share
99.5% more recently. We have achieved record levels of
customer satisfaction for the DLR and we’re introducing new
in the rail industry. JAN 12 2009
a joint strategy and vision of initiatives to improve this even further. Such achievements can Danny Price, Director of DLR, TfL Extension opened to Woolwich
delivering service excellence every day. only help strengthen the DLR’s reputation for excellence and Arsenal
“We work closely together to ensure customers receive the best practice. AUG 31 2011
best service and customer experience possible, and to build “Our experience at the DLR is also helping Keolis and Amey, Extension opened to Stratford
upon the reputation of the DLR as a very high-performance by sharing best practice from such an iconic railway. Members International
railway. With demand rising year on year, we have experienced of our team are able to provide information and experience that
JUL 27-AUG 12 2012
more than a 10% increase in passenger journeys in our first contribute to bids for other transport contracts, for example
12m passengers carried during
two years of this franchise. This makes DLR the sixth busiest the recent successful bid for the Manchester Metrolink system
London Olympic Games
railway in the UK, carrying over 122 million passengers in (KeolisAmey Metrolink), which began in July this year.
2016-17. “The DLR is at the heart of developments in east London. It DEC 7 2014
“None of this would be possible without the team of people plays a key role in the ongoing regeneration of the area, which KeolisAmey Docklands becomes
we have working here - they are a key feature of the DLR is contributing to the continuing increase in residential and franchise operator
success story. There is a real sense of unity with a dedication commercial populations. This shows no sign of slowing down, APR 2017
to the community and railway, which is evidenced by the great and long may it continue, together with the benefits for local Annual ridership reaches 122m
levels of passion and pride that I see every day. people.
“Our team of community ambassadors also play an “The success and expansion of the DLR over the last JUN 21 2017
important role, working with our local communities and helping 30 years has shown how integral transport can be to its London Mayor’s draft Transport
people to get around on the DLR. They carry out 10,000 communities and the legacy it can provide for an area - and the Strategy confirms replacement
rolling stock project and extension to
accessibility trips each year, hold open days and attend local next 30 years look to be just as exciting. On behalf of the whole
Thamesmead
events to give travel advice and answer questions; all intended KAD team, I wish DLR a very happy 30th birthday.” The DLR’s Automatic Train Control (ATC) system is controlled from a central control room at
Beckton, using moving block signalling. ANTONY GUPPY.
48 49
LONDON
SPECIAL
having separate objectives and hoping
The scene at Prince Regent on August 10, where DLR trains
arrive and depart beneath a British Airways plane taking off they align. Getting the BS 11000 standard AUGUST 31 1987 REMEMBERED: ANTHONY
in collaboration was also quite a significant
from London City Airport. To the left, work continues on the
approach to Connaught Tunnel beneath the Royal Docks on achievement. I don’t think many of these SMITH, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF TRANSPORT FOCUS
Crossrail’s south-eastern branch to Abbey Wood, due to were awarded in the rail industry, and it “Always keen to try out something the tunnel at Greenwich to get home
open in December 2018. ANTONY GUPPY. was certainly a first for TfL, but like any new, my friends and I were there 30 to Catford) made you realise what
relationship, it requires constant work - years ago on the first day transport does best: opens
particularly in operations, where things of the DLR. It seemed up opportunities for work,
won’t always be plain sailing, or happen really futuristic: no driver, living and pleasure. Long
as planned. It’s about how quickly you can a modern feel and new, at may the DLR continue to
work together to get things resolved and a time when much else on expand and reach more
having an open, honest relationship has Britain’s transport systems parts of London that
certainly underpinned a lot of the good were groaning with age and used to be hard to get to.
results that have been delivered. wear. Going to Mudchute Passengers love it and
“I chair a joint leadership team between from Tower Gateway for the the staff are great - happy
KAD and my team, and I particularly enjoy first time (I walked through birthday!”
discussing strategic changes, and listening
to the diverse range of viewpoints. Not
everyone necessarily agrees with every to do the right thing - who pays their salaries Finally, Price argues that it is DLR’s
single point, so you have members of a is almost forgotten about in many meetings. integration within TfL itself that will yield
combined team who genuinely challenge And the results of that approach speak for the greatest results, having been handed
each other. But they’re all united in wanting themselves.” responsibility and devolved powers for all of
London’s public transport between 2000-03.
He says that the passenger experience can
only be improved further by looking at each
of TfL’s separate directorates as a whole,
where the sum is greater than its parts.
“From my perspective, and considering
the fact that DLR sits within TfL, it’s very
difficult to take the two in isolation. TfL is
driving the entire strategy and if you look
at the interchanges, including with river
If you’ve handled
something as big as
the Olympics, you
can apply that
experience to
DLR 042 departs Canary Wharf as DLR 124 arrives on April 15 in an image that perfectly anything.
illustrates the subtle differences between DLR’s Bombardier-built B07 stock that entered service
in July 2009 (left), and B90 stock (right) which entered service in 1992. DLR 042 will be Danny Price, Director of DLR, TfL
withdrawn by 2022, when new rolling stock is scheduled to enter service. PAUL BIGLAND.
services and many others, that TfL brain is
particularly important to the ongoing success
of DLR.
“Historically, and prior to TfL’s existence,
DLR focused on being a single railway
serving a particular area. Today, it’s
about bringing its benefits to London as a
whole, via its interchanges with London
Underground, heavy rail, cable cars, buses
and river services.
“Very few passengers use just one of these
services, so making these interfaces work
well is crucial, and we’re very focused on
that.” ■
Further reading
■■ Automatic for the people, RAIL 358
■■ DLR: the first 20 years, RAIL 564
■■ Triumph of the ‘toy train’, RAIL 577
■■ The secret to Serco’s success, RAIL 733
A selection of previous DLR coverage in RAIL. A DLR three-car train is in operation near Royal Victoria on September 24 2016. PAUL BIGLAND.
50 51
SPECIAL REPORT A PROMOTION
SOLVING THE ‘MORE
FOR LESS’ EQUATION
Commitment and innovation are key to
the success of Taylor Woodrow’s recent
Underground feats, the firm’s TfL Sector
Director JEZ HASKINS tells PAUL STEPHEN
I
n a city where Transport for London’s Says Haskins: “A focus on detail, respect,
motto is ‘every journey matters’, innovation and relationships is at the heart
leading civil engineering firm Taylor of our approach. The scale of these upgrades
Woodrow’s challenge is to deliver means that disruption is inevitable. Our
sophisticated infrastructure upgrades while job is to come up with solutions that not
simultaneously keeping Londoners on the only deliver the best value for our customer,
move. but make the whole process easier on
Working in joint venture with BAM passengers, traffic, residents and businesses
Nuttall, the team has done just that by wherever we can.”
completing the recent upgrade of Tottenham The importance of the road network
Court Road Tube station, closely followed by around Tottenham Court Road Station
the upgrade of Victoria Tube station, which is meant that many complex traffic
due for completion in 2018. management arrangements were needed to Tottenham Court Road Tube station’s expanded ticket hall is now open
Both projects are integral to increasing keep traffic moving throughout the various ahead of Elizabeth Line services beginning next year. TAYLOR WOODROW.
capacity on the London Underground, which stages of the project. The team developed
is experiencing strong levels of passenger and maintained close relationships
growth year on year. with stakeholders, undertaking detailed Haskins explains: “The existing platform Meanwhile, over at Victoria, the station underpin large sections of the tunnel walls parties. It reduced delivery costs, mitigated
It’s expected that Tottenham Court Road collaborative planning that would take tunnels are twin bores with cast iron serves more passengers than Heathrow in six segments to form supporting beams. risk, and significantly reduced passenger
will accommodate up to 200,000 passengers everyone’s needs into account. It’s an area segmental linings, located one metre below Airport each year and is located at the centre This would be primarily constructed from disruption.
a day as a key interchange station with the undergoing major development, and which and adjacent to a large Victorian brick of a major transport interchange, woven within the D&C tunnel, and would require The upgrade’s design also involved six
Elizabeth Line (Crossrail) coming into use also relies on maintaining footfall to its retail sewer. The sewer could not be moved or around a dense population of residents and a minimum of 17 weekend track closures of points at which the new tunnels would
in December 2018, and perhaps Crossrail 2 outlets. Not disrupting their operations was, disturbed without risking leakage. The stakeholders, including two of the capital’s the D&C line. This was unacceptable to the break into the existing station tunnels. The
in the future. The team has built a new ticket therefore, of primary importance to the team. solution included driving over 90 horizontal long-standing and Grade 2-listed theatres. team, due to the level of disruption and risk team successfully incorporated ‘propless’
hall that is six times larger than the original, Below the surface, two new overbridges steel piles of up to 20m in length from the The team are providing step-free access of overrun due to the nature of the work. connections in the design to remove
and provided step-free access from street to were constructed above the existing Central adjacent Royal Mail Rail tunnel that is no while almost doubling the size of the A propped slab was developed that the need for any temporary support in
platform by installing eight new escalators Line platform tunnels to expand capacity for longer in service to form a support raft existing Southern ticket hall. They have moved the focus of construction from the station at these points, maximising
and six new lifts. pedestrian access from a new Central Line beneath the sewer. already opened a new Northern ticket hall the operational D&C tunnel and into the operational space throughout the works.
All works have been conducted while passenger tunnel. “In the original design, the overbridge and constructed approximately 300m of adjacent new link tunnels below, thereby Haskins concludes: “With the London
maintaining the operation of the station The scale of the challenge was enormous tunnel was to be driven using traditional concrete-lined link tunnels between the two reducing the requirement to close the population growing at a rate of twice that of
below ground, and the road network above but, undaunted, the team rose to it by timber handworks, a slow and manual halls. railway to passenger traffic. the rest of the UK, the demand for constant
ground; this includes one of the busiest road carefully devising an innovative and bespoke process. However, the team worked with Over the seven-year project (which This change in the construction approach and efficient transport is high. Upgrades
junctions in Central London. solution. civil engineering firms OTB, Halcrow commenced in 2011), they will have safely meant that the propped slab could be such as Tottenham Court Road and Victoria
and Dr Sauer & Partners to develop an accommodated approximately 595 million constructed in a six-day blockade over are essential in meeting this growth.
alternative design. This involved a machine- passengers and 61 million vehicles through the Christmas period, which was already “TfL aspires to deliver more for less, as
excavated shotcrete cavern spanning over their worksites while transforming this vital scheduled for track work shared with other funding for major capital projects becomes
the crown of the platform tunnels, which node in the transport network. harder to secure and ever more projects
enabled London Underground to continue
operating a full service on the Central Line
Within the station, the District and Circle
lines (D&C) underpass was integral to the
The team were compete for the available investment. So
ensuring that we apply the lessons learnt
below.
“As well as being the first project to install
project as it essentially linked the extended
South ticket hall to the new North ticket hall.
the first to work on from projects such as Tottenham Court Road
and Victoria will be essential. Projects such
a shotcrete cavern over a live operational
railway, the team also had to cut out the
However, the dimension from the top of the
running rails to the top of the underpass roof
a sprayed concrete as these, delivered by committed teams
over seven or more years now set the new
crown of the Central Line tunnel and
install the permanent overbridge beams
slab was just 0.6m, so innovative thinking
was needed to give enough clearance for
cavern directly above minimum level of expectation from which
future projects can build upon to introduce
during two 52-hour possessions. While the
works required exceptionally detailed and
construction while maintaining the London
Underground Standard requirements of a
a live platform during the next level of innovation, collaborative
working and delivery efficiencies.
meticulous planning by all involved, in the
end it proved simpler, quicker and safer than
‘step free’ tunnel.
The original solution was to support
traffic hours. “Exciting times are ahead and we are very
much looking forward to being involved in
Victoria station upgrade’s propped slab, just 0.6 metres below the running rails of the District alternative traditional techniques, and meant the D&C tracks with concrete walls Jez Haskins, future challenging major projects to support
and Circle Lines. TAYLOR WOODROW. less ground movement.” perpendicular to the track, and segmentally TfL Sector Director, Taylor Woodrow London’s future growth.” ■
52 53
LONDON
SPECIAL
Open
access
TfL’s smart and simple solutions are making London’s
Underground an option for a lot of people who would
otherwise be unable to use it, writes STEFANIE FOSTER
W
hen you are on the Tube, its iconic map to help passengers navigate
pressed up against your fellow the Underground network while avoiding
commuters in the heat, it is areas with large stretches of tunnel. The new
perhaps not uncommon to feel map features a grey overlay to show which
uneasy at times, especially when the train stations or sections of track are underground,
enters the dark, enclosed tunnels deep under including which London Overground,
central London. But for some, this feeling is Docklands Light Railway and TfL Rail
not just simple uneasiness, it is an intense sections are in tunnels.
and excessive fear of becoming trapped, of “Making the Tube network accessible for
not being able to breathe, and it can cause everyone is one of our top priorities,” TfL’s
that person to panic. Director of Customer Strategy Mark Evers
Claustrophobia affects around 5% of the said. “This new map is just one of the tools
population and more general feelings of we have created in response to feedback
anxiety affect significantly more people from our customers on how we can make the
over their lifetimes. It would be easy to transport network more accessible, making
dismiss those facts for someone unaffected travelling easier and more comfortable for all
by these difficulties, but they can have a our customers.”
serious impact on a person’s ability to lead a The move has been a popular one with
normal life, including travelling on the Tube charity Anxiety UK. Chief Executive Nicky
network. Lidbetter said: “For those with anxiety
The name of the Underground alone conditions such as panic attacks and
conjures up images of an entirely claustrophobia, we know that travel by
subterranean network but, in reality, of the Underground can be problematic and
the 270 stations, more than half of them challenging. This new map is an excellent
are above ground. Only the Victoria, and resource for those wishing to avoid journeys
Waterloo and City lines are completely where there are tunnels, serving as a great
underground, and much of the outer reaches pre-journey planning aid and increasing
of the network are much like main line access to public transport. I sincerely hope Source: Transport for London.
railways. that the map will encourage those with
In recognition that this misunderstanding claustrophobia and/or panic attacks, who
(or the uncertainty about which parts of the have previously avoided this form of public
network are in tunnels) might be a barrier to transport out of fear, to reconsider using the
travel for some people, Transport for London Tube”.
last month launched a modified version of The idea came about following
suggestions from passengers living with
claustrophobia or other types of anxiety
UNDERGROUND FACTS conditions, who find it difficult to use the
Tube. It is just one of many ways that TfL
It’s not just about maps, either. Last
autumn, TfL conducted a trial to see whether
someone with the badge. It is similar to the
already very popular ‘Baby on Board’ badge
difference to the lives of many people.”
The badge and an accompanying card
all TfL services, including London buses,
trams and river services, as well as on station
45% of the London Underground is in has been listening to its customers and a new badge bearing the words ‘Please offer launched for pregnant women in 2005 - TfL has now been rolled out and can be used on platforms and waiting areas. They are
tunnel. trying to ensure that the Tube network is me a seat’ would help people who find it now issues around 310,000 of these every both available at https://tfl.gov.uk/transport-
The deepest station on the network is
Hampstead on the Northern Line - it’s
accessible to as many people as possible.
A range of Accessibility guides is available
difficult to stand on public transport, such
as those suffering from conditions with
year.
James McNaught, who previously
Making the Tube accessibility/please-offer-me-a-seat
All of these initiatives are part of TfL’s
58½ metres underground at its deepest
point.
from https://tfl.gov.uk/forms/12387.aspx that
offer advice on avoiding stairs and finding
invisible symptoms, to obtain a seat.
More than 1,000 people took part in the
developed a ‘cancer on board’ badge and
also took part in the ‘Please offer me a seat’
network accessible Action on Equality commitments, based
on the vision that ‘every person matters
The Central Line has the most Tube
stations with no surface buildings (Bank,
toilets, as well as large print and audio
versions of the map for those with sight or
trial, with 72% of journeys being made
easier by using it. Ninety-eight per cent of
trial, said: “This is a brilliant scheme and I
am very glad that it is being introduced. The
for everyone is one of in keeping London moving, working and
growing’. These seemingly simple schemes
Bethnal Green, Chancery Lane, Gants
Hill and Notting Hill Gate).
hearing difficulties.
There really does seem to be a map for
the participants said they would recommend
it. During the trial, TfL used social media
anxiety of needing a seat but being unsure
whether you will get one can rob people
our top priorities. could make a real difference in breaking
down the barriers that prevent some
everyone to make everyday problems just and customer information on the network to of the confidence to use public transport, Mark Evers, people from making the most of London’s
that little bit easier to overcome. encourage passengers to offer their seats to and this simple initiative will make a huge Director of Customer Strategy, TfL comprehensive transport network. ■
54 55
SPECIAL REPORT A PROMOTION
KEEP YOUR CUSTOMERS
SNC-Lavalin is firmly rooted in
the capital and supports all the
constituent parts of Transport for
London, as well as many of its
suppliers. SHUTTERSTOCK.
CLOSE, AND YOUR
STAFF CLOSER
SNC-Lavalin has gone from strength
to strength, and its services are in
increasing demand with TfL. Commercial
Manager HUGH FRASER tells STEFANIE
FOSTER how the firm is supporting the
many changes to London’s transport
H
aving your offices at the centre of to be closest to the biggest client, as we
your client base brings obvious saw it [about 500 yards from London
advantages. In 2002, SNC-Lavalin Underground’s divisional offices] and we
(then Interfleet) recognised the developed very good relationships with all of
need to diversify its client base from what the operating units for TfL.”
was, largely, companies formed at the time SNCL has since moved to offices in
of privatisation. The firm had set its sights Devonshire Square, near Liverpool Street
on working with Transport for London, and station.
the only way to do that effectively was to “LU was going through PPP [Public
establish a base in the capital. Private Partnership] at the time, so there
Hugh Fraser, SNCL’s commercial manager, was a lot of reallocation of responsibilities.
joined the London office 13 years ago. At that Within two years we grew to about 30
point, there were only four employees. people at the London office, and we while quickly diversifying to support the They’ll be able to see whether doors are stock areas for LU and DLR, including delivery phases.”
“We based ourselves in Canary Wharf were specifically recruiting people with entire supply base, too. open or shut, the performance of the traction reviews of maintenance and support for new SNCL’s legacy with TfL runs deep - they
knowledge of LU.” “We now support all the subsidiaries of control system, and oversee brake pressures - vehicle provision. It’s had ample involvement supported London Tram in bringing vehicle
At that time, SNCL was not on any of TfL, and probably all the suppliers to TfL a total of 270 different items of data. in this area, with LU’s New Tube for London and infrastructure maintenance back
OLYMPIC CHALLENGE the TfL framework agreements, but after
qualifying ten years ago on the rolling stock
in some shape or form, whether that be a
concessionaire like KeolisAmey Docklands
On a system which carries about 117
million passengers every year, this remote
project to procure 250 new trains for the
Piccadilly, Bakerloo, Central and Waterloo &
in-house, facilitated the introduction of
the Class 378 vehicles to the Overground,
SNCL played an important role in side, the company has been on them ever or MTR Crossrail. Our services go all the way condition monitoring system (a collaboration City lines, the first of which is due to enter and advised bidders on the letting of recent
the London 2012 Olympic Games. since, covering more areas as the expertise through the supply chain. That’s because TfL with lead contractor Arrowvale Electronics service on the Piccadilly Line in 2023. concessions for the DLR and Overground.
It was tasked by DLR and Serco within SNCL has grown and diversified. is an integrated railway. Elsewhere, signalling and communication supplier Nomad Digital) SNCL has supported train builders in The list goes on…
Docklands with a particularly Says Fraser: “Our London office used to is split out with infrastructure in Network has made a significant improvement to their vehicle designs and bids for this major These achievements would not be possible
challenging request: to increase the be very rolling stock-orientated, but now Rail, but TfL manages everything itself, performance. contract by helping them understand how without SNCL’s commitment to its staff.
level of service vehicles availability we cover infrastructure, signalling, project which means that we can provide services But it’s not all about performance - some of best to fulfil contractual requirements, Regional Director Michael Grace tells
to 96%, or 144 out of the 150-train management and transport advisory throughout the whole system.” SNCL’s recent SNCL’s work is on a far more personal level. defining a suitable vehicle solution and RAIL: “We want to carry on growing and
fleet. Doing this meant working out services as well.” acquisition of Atkins will increase the firm’s In April, the firm was awarded two design writing the final bids. strengthening our team. One of the biggest
what pre-emptive work could be In addition to supporting TfL’s rolling range of abilities. contracts to help LU improve rail vehicle Says Fraser: “We’re looking forward to challenges is the availability of people. The
performed on the vehicles to ensure stock projects, the team has also played SNCL has been instrumental in projects accessibility for persons with reduced mobility NTfL and the new DLR vehicles contracts, market is very busy, and there’s a lot of
that the trains would not need a key role delivering new signalling and that have made a significant difference and visual impairments. These cover the and then the delivery of those vehicles into competition for the same good people. Our
maintenance during the events. In systems within London Underground, to London’s transport. A recent example Bakerloo Line’s 36-train fleet, the Central service. We have worked with suppliers in solution to that is to develop our own.
normal operation, maintenance tasks London Overground and Crossrail. This is the introduction of a ‘black box’ to the Line’s 85-train fleet and the Waterloo & City the development of their offers for NTfL “We’ve brought in more than 85 people
would need to be carried out every has included providing a wide variety of DLR’s rolling stock, to improve reliability Line’s five-train fleet. SNCL’s modifications and look forward to supporting them in the in the past 12 months. In 2018 we’re taking
day, week or month, so it was not an technical specialisms and engineering and availability. The remote condition- are also aimed at improving the passenger on 22 graduates and four or five technicians,
easy problem to solve.
The contract proved to be
leadership to the Four Line Modernisation
Programme, the Deep Tube Programme,
monitoring system allows DLR operators
to see vehicle performance in real time, and
experience in general with new information
systems, emergency alarms, CCTV and
Our services go all plus some apprentices. Since 1998, we’ve
taken on more than 150 graduates.”
serendipitous - their client at London
2012 was Richard George, who is
and the Victoria Line Upgrade Programme.
Starting with TfL as a direct client, over
initiate mitigation measures for smarter
maintenance.
lighting, as well as designated wheelchair and
pushchair zones.
the way through the Testament to SNCL’s staff engagement
programme is that just under 70% of those
now SNCL’s group managing director,
having joined the company shortly
the years SNCL has provided consultancy
services for all of TfL’s constituent parts,
The trains can be monitored the whole
time they are in service, anywhere on the
The benefit to LU is that these upgrades will
extend the life of the fleets and result in long-
supply chain. graduates have stayed with the company.
Grace continues: “Retaining good people
after the Olympics. including LU, Docklands Light Railway, DLR network, with information taking less term cost savings. Hugh Fraser, is paramount, so staff engagement is our
London Tramlink and London Overground, than three seconds to reach control staff. SNCL has led the way on many rolling Commercial Manager, SNC-Lavalin number one priority.” ■
56 57
LONDON
SPECIAL
Crossrail 2: true north or going south?
T
here’s been a prolonged radio an alternative,” said NIC. “More work should will only come on stream after we’ve built but none since 2015. “The Secretary of State
silence about the future direction At this fragile, embryonic stage, nobody dares breathe also be done on the costs and benefits of it - through fares and the business rates didn’t want us to undertake another until
of Crossrail 2, London’s next great
infrastructure project. Finally,
a word about Crossrail 2. And money is, as ever, a individual central London stations.”
Might one or more be sacrificed? By
supplement, which we can’t use until
2033.” (after it’s finished contributing to the
he’d seen the revised business case,” said
Dix.
Secretary of State for Transport Chris little too tight to mention. ANDREW MOURANT talks chance, the day after Grayling’s intervention, Elizabeth Line). Political upheaval has held things up. The
Grayling spoke to the nation last month RAIL was booked in to interview Transport Last March Dix told RAIL that the Government didn’t start its review process
(July). But few were any the wiser about its to C2 Managing Director MICHÈLE DIX for London’s Michèle Dix, managing director supplement could run another 30 years. sooner because of the general election, Dix
details. of Crossrail 2. Dix attended the meeting Meanwhile, she adds, money should start points out. “We won’t now get a decision this
With the Government ditching its would bypass terminal stations, relieving, Infrastructure Commission (NIC) in between Grayling and Khan, after which the to trickle in after 2019, via the mayor’s side of the summer recess.”
promises to electrify, among others, the line for instance, pressure on Waterloo from March last year. As for the latest pricing, Secretary of State issued his statement. But Community Infrastructure Levy - “about The project will require passing a
from Cardiff to Swansea, people could be the south-west. C2 would greatly improve the £32.6bn of March 2016 has shrunk she declined to share details of the revised 16% [of London’s share]. We do need help Parliamentary hybrid bill to kick-start things.
forgiven for wondering what might be next connectivity in the Upper Lea Valley to £31.2bn. According to Transport for business case for C2 with RAIL because the contributing to the cost.” “Originally, we made plans based on having
to bite the dust. Scrapping C2 would have “creating the right conditions for new London (TfL), more than £10bn of that is an DfT is still chewing them over. The project is being jointly developed by that bill by 2019. Because of the election, our
stunned almost everyone, yet it’s hard to opportunities and thousands of new allowance for risk. Dix insists that Grayling still thinks C2 is a TfL and Network Rail. It has a Programme plan now is that we want it in 2020.
tell what a new government and a new man homes.” NIC suggested a delay in building the good project, and right for London’s housing Board, chaired by former NIC chairman “A hybrid bill is about getting the balance
running the railways might do, given the Space would be freed up on the South north western branch running beyond and transport needs. “With commitment to Lord Adonis, whose job is to make between a railway - building it - and
prevailing neurosis about expenditure. Western Main Line for around 20 more Alexandra Palace to New Southgate. “This other schemes there’s pressure to get this recommendations to Grayling and Khan. acknowledging that local areas want to have
Different rules, however, apply to London: trains at morning peak hours, and there’d would also provide the opportunity to under way,” she says. “London has said There have already been three consultations a role. The Secretary of State and the Mayor
it’s almost a city state, growing ever more be a similar benefit on the West Anglia consider an eastern branch from Hackney as we can fund half, but most of that money since 2013 on C2’s design and development, will decide [its contents] as a result of
complex and congested. It’s where people Main Line. There’d also be scope to run
in power live and work. If the capital is extra trains to Cambridge, Stansted Airport,
throttled by congested tubes, trains and Portsmouth, Southampton and Basingstoke. Crossrail (pictured here under construction through
roads, it will suffer economically. Everyone It’s long been agreed that construction the Thames Tunnel) will help relieve London’s rail
can see that. costs should be split equally between capacity crunch from east to west when it fully
Crossrail (The Elizabeth Line), running London and the private sector, with opens in December 2019. Crossrail 2 is designed to
from Reading to Shenfield, is expected to developers given scope to build around new do the same on a north-south axis from 2033,
deal with the west to east problem. But the stations. Yet there’s been unease about how should it secure government approval. CROSSRAIL.
commuter belt south of London is crying out all this might actually work.
for an increase in capacity, and welcomes the Last month’s joint statement from Grayling
ambition shown in Crossrail 2 - of running and C2’s co-sponsor, London Mayor Sadiq
up to 30 trains hourly once fully operational Khan, told us little because the Department
after 2033. for Transport (DfT) is still evaluating the
Yet the route, conceived to run from revised business case. If the communique
Cheshunt and - possibly - New Southgate had any purpose, it was to remind the public
through Alexandra Palace in the north to that C2 remains alive.
Wimbledon in the south (and maybe to one “Given its price tag, we have to ensure that
or more of Chessington, Shepperton and/or we get this right,” Grayling said. “The Mayor
Epsom) currently comes at a price of £31.2 and I have agreed… to develop plans that
billion. Or so we’re told. are as strong as possible, so the public gets
With the plans as they stand, C2 would an affordable scheme that is fair to the UK
feature a twin 24-mile tunnelled section taxpayer.
between Wimbledon and Tottenham “Following a successful outcome… I’m
Hale and New Southgate, connecting to keen to launch a fresh public consultation to
existing National Rail routes in Surrey and help… improve the scheme and clarify the
Hertfordshire, and connecting with the position around the safeguarded route.”
Elizabeth Line at Tottenham Court Road So what does that mean? ‘Affordable’
interchange. appears to mean striving to save £4bn -
One of C2’s great selling points is that it that much was signalled by the National
How can we make it more
affordable for the UK
government, given other
challenges in Wales and the
North? How can London
contribute more?
Michèle Dix, Managing Director, Crossrail 2
58 59LONDON
SPECIAL
output from the Programme Board. It’s
about balance - what do you want these Following a successful might not C2 spawn grotesque tower blocks,
of which the capital already has a surfeit? CROSSRAIL 2 ROUTE (AUTUMN 2015)
powers for? The more you put into a bill, the
harder it is to get it through.” outcome… I’m keen to launch a Dix does appear mindful of that - she recalls
a recent trip to Japan, staying almost 30
Dix appears unfazed by the delay.
Theoretically, this parliament could run until fresh public consultation to floors up in a skyscraper hotel so surrounded
with similar buildings “that there was no
2022, which will give more time. By then
she hopes the bill will have advanced to a help… improve the scheme and horizon.”
Yet she sees no reason why the West End
second reading and be on the home straight.
She doesn’t think recent events will affect clarify the position around the should suffer that fate.
“The London borough with the most
the timetable: construction to start in the
early 2020s; the first C2 services running safeguarded route density of population is Kensington and
Chelsea, but so much of the housing is
in 2033. But, given the political landscape, Chris Grayling, Transport Secretary mansion blocks of five or six storeys.”
few people would bet on this parliament ‘Densification’ need not mean the borough
running its full five years. “vital to fix the housing crisis”. Authority (GLA) and boroughs along the losing its character, she adds. She’s keen to
In TfL’s revised business case for C2, The revised business case describes how route,” it said. That suggests a lot complex avoid the prospect of housing going up “on
there is, says Dix, a section about paring C2 will deliver 200,000 new homes along negotiation. greenfield sites elsewhere.”
down costs … “how can we make it more the route - a lot of them at its northern end, Also in April, a report by property So much relies on projections that show
affordable for the UK government, given in the Lea Valley. Work has been done to companies suggested London could fund the capital’s housing soaring in value. Given
other challenges in Wales and the North? ensure the route aligns with the availability half of C2’s cost simply through more that the eager lobbying of the Government
How can London contribute more?” of strategic housing land. commercial development in the West End by developers is very recent, one assumes
The stream of private money depends A Parliamentary briefing report in April, - “the creation of great, much-needed new they’re taking a long-term view, unmoved
heavily on developers paying to exploit shortly before Theresa May’s ill-fated dash places in the country’s most economically by what the next few years may hold
prime sites en route, especially near central for the polls, suggested setting up ‘one or productive district… [can] help pay for economically and the great unknown of
London. Unsurprisingly, given London’s more’ development corporations to lead the Crossrail 2 through development taxes or Brexit.
top-end prices, home builders and property master planning. local retention.” Nobody expects an everlasting ice age
industry leaders are champing at the bit - “For housing provision to be a success But isn’t the West End already developed when (or if) the UK finally withdraws from
more than 60 have written a joint letter to across the whole route, the deal for Crossrail to the hilt? Europe, least of all in London.
the Government, claiming that Crossrail 2 is 2 will need buy-in from the Greater London “You must be joking!” says Dix. OK, but But some fear that a downturn could be
London’s residents and business community will be expected to meet
half the estimated £31.2 billion price tag to build Crossrail 2, with the
remainder coming from private developers poised to exploit prime
land dotted along its proposed route. JACK BOSKETT/RAIL.
Source: Network Rail.
approaching. As RAIL emerged from Dix’s As RAIL reported last year, the choice of
office above St James’ Park Tube station, King’s Road, Chelsea, has been especially
the London Evening Standard contained a divisive. But there’s also anxiety at
cautionary story. It was that Virgin Money Wimbledon, where the proposed C2 tunnel
had become wary about making new would begin, and the tension between
loans in the capital for fear of borrowers expense and practicality surrounding options
overstretching and ending up in negative at Tooting and Balham.
equity. Estate agents report that in some Here we take a closer look at some of those
boroughs, prices are dropping for the first disputes and discussions.
time in years, the LES added.
Stephen Hammond, MP for Wimbledon, WIMBLEDON
C2’s south-western outpost, believes the DfT The prospect of a tunnel entrance at
wants to test London’s funding commitment Wimbledon has mobilised residents. MP
“to obliteration.” Hammond favours the Stephen Hammond has been campaigning
scheme - with reservations, but doubts for a rethink. He welcomes the business and
there’ll be any consultation on the revised employment opportunities C2 could bring
business case until early 2018. “The fact that but says the only option consulted on in 2015
the department is taking such a long time would be “immensely damaging.”
suggests to me there’s a problem,” he told Hammond was also concerned about
RAIL. the impact in and around Raynes Park.
“C2 didn’t make clear how much Raynes
SURFACE TENSION Park station would need to change, or how
Most of the battles about new stations, and building a large site near Dundonald Road
where they might be built, are being fought enabling trains to reverse might affect
south of the river. residential property,” he said. There
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