Liste des publications du Think Tank du PE

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Liste des publications du Think Tank du PE
Liste des publications du Think Tank du PE
       https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank

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                           Auteur "DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA"

                      12 Résultat(s) trouvé(s)

                   Date de création : 13-07-2022
Bans on conversion 'therapies': The situation in selected EU Member States
     Type de publication   Briefing
                   Date    07-06-2022
                 Auteur    DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
      Domaine politique    Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
               Résumé      LGBTI conversion 'therapies' are practices that can be defined as 'any treatment aimed at changing a person's sexual
                           orientation or gender identity'. Ways to implement them include psychotherapy, medication, electroshock therapy,
                           aversive treatments and exorcism. An alternative term used to describe these practices is sexual orientation and
                           gender identity-expression change efforts (SOGIECE). They can bring about suicidal thoughts but also permanent
                           physical harm, suicide attempts, depression, anxiety, shame, self-hatred and loss of faith. The World Health
                           Organization declassified homosexuality as a pathology or disease in 1990 and transsexuality in 2019. In their 2020
                           report, the independent expert mandated by the United Nations Human Rights Council recommended that states ban
                           conversion 'therapy'. The European Parliament has strongly condemned all forms of discrimination against LGBTI
                           people, including LGBTI conversion 'therapies'. Moreover, it has also made repeated calls on the Member States to
                           ban such practices. Within the European Union (EU), four Member States – Malta, Germany, France and Greece –
                           have banned these practices, and many regions in Spain have placed administrative bans on them. Several other
                           Member States have proposed bills in this regard. While the various laws have a comparable structure, there are
                           variations in terms of whICH LGBTI+ groups are protected and what entities are covered by the bans and the
                           sanctions imposed. Moreover, the definition of conversion 'therapy' differs slightly from one Member State to another.
                           This briefing looks at the laws on conversion 'therapies' that are already in place or are proposed for adoption in some
                           Member States. It then compares them, among other things, based on the definition of the practice, the scope of
                           protection offered and the sanctions envisaged.
                Briefing EN

The rights of LGBTI people in the European Union
     Type de publication Briefing
                   Date 16-05-2022
                 Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
      Domaine politique Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
               Mot-clé discrimination fondée sur l'orientation sexuelle | droits de l'homme | droits des minorités | identité de genre | égalité de
                        traitement
              Résumé The prohibition of discrimination and the protection of human rights are important elements of the EU legal order.
                        Nevertheless, discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people persists
                        throughout the EU and takes various forms, including verbal abuse and physical violence. Sexual orientation is now
                        recognised in EU law as grounds of discrimination. However, the scope of the provisions dealing with this issue is
                        limited and does not cover social protection, health care, education or access to goods and services, leaving LGBTI
                        people particularly vulnerable in these areas. Moreover, EU competence does not extend to recognition of marital or
                        family status. In this area, national regulations vary, with some Member States offering same-sex couples the right to
                        marry, others allowing alternative forms of registration, and yet others not providing any legal status for same-sex
                        couples. Same-sex couples may or may not have the right to adopt children and to access assisted reproduction.
                        These divergent legal statuses have implications, for instance, for partners from two Member States with different
                        standards who want to formalise/legalise their relationship, or for same-sex couples and their families wishing to move
                        to another Member State. Combating discrimination has become part of EU internal and external policies, and is the
                        subject of numerous resolutions of the European Parliament. However, action in this area remains problematic when it
                        touches on issues pertaining to areas traditionally the preserve of Member States, such as marital status and family
                        law. This is a further updated version of a briefing the previous edition of which was from May 2021.
               Briefing EN

Guerre de la Russie contre l’Ukraine: la situation des personnes LGBTI
     Type de publicationEn bref
                   Date 06-05-2022
                 Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA | DEL MONTE Micaela
      Domaine politique Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
                Mot-clé aide aux réfugiés | discrimination ethnique | discrimination fondée sur l'orientation sexuelle | identité de genre |
                        intervention militaire | protection civile | Russie | traitement cruel et dégradant | Ukraine | violence sexuelle
               Résumé Plus de deux mois après le début de l’agression de la Russie contre l’Ukraine, rien ne semble indiquer une fin de la
                        guerre: les nouvelles font au contraire état d’une escalade du conflit et d’une multiplication des atrocités commises sur
                        le sol ukrainien. Depuis le début de la guerre, des millions de personnes ont fui le pays ou ont été déplacées à
                        l’intérieur des frontières de l’Ukraine, ce qui a entraîné l’une des plus graves crises humanitaires de ces dernières
                        années en Europe. À chaque jour qui passe, le chaos engendré par la guerre augmente de façon exponentielle le
                        risque de violence et d’exploitation, en particulier pour les personnes les plus vulnérables, notamment les femmes, les
                        enfants, les Roms et les membres de la communauté LGBTI (personnes lesbiennes, gays, bisexuelles, transgenres et
                        intersexuées).
                En bref EN, FR

13-07-2022                                       Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE                                                               1
EU legislation and policies to address racial and ethnic discrimination
     Type de publication Briefing
                   Date  03-05-2022
                 Auteur  DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
      Domaine politique  Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
                Mot-clé  Agence des droits fondamentaux de l'Union européenne | collecte de données | discrimination ethnique |
                         discrimination raciale | droit de l'individu | groupe ethnique | statistique de l'UE | xénophobie | égalité de traitement
                Résumé Racial and ethnic minorities face discrimination and its consequences on a daily basis. The exact scale of the problem
                         is hard to gauge due to a lack of data and general under-reporting of racist incidents. The coronavirus pandemic has
                         seen a major increase in reports of racist and xenophobic incidents, and the crisis it triggered has had a
                         disproportionately large negative effect on racial and ethnic minority groups, in the form of higher death and infection
                         rates. Although since 2000 the European Union (EU) has introduced legislation to combat racial and xenophobic
                         discrimination, the problem persists, with the need for new measures recently highlighted by the global Black Lives
                         Matter protests. A number of studies also point to the cost of racial discrimination not only for the individuals concerned
                         but also for society as a whole. For instance, a 2018 EPRS report argued that the loss in earnings caused by racial
                         and ethnic discrimination for both individuals and societies amounts to billions of euros annually. EU citizens also
                         acknowledge this problem: a 2019 survey found that over half of Europeans believe racial or ethnic discrimination to be
                         widespread in their country. To address racial discrimination and the inequalities it engenders, the European
                         Commission has put forward a number of equality strategies and actions. One such action, the second European
                         summit against racism, was held on 21 March 2022. The European Parliament, meanwhile, has long been demanding
                         an end to racial discrimination. In recent resolutions, the Parliament has called for putting an end to structural racism,
                         discrimination, racial profiling and police brutality; for asserting the right to protest peacefully; and for boosting the role
                         of culture, education, media and sport in the fight against racism. This updates a briefing from March 2021.
                Briefing EN
             Multimédia EU legislation and policies to fight racial and ethnic discrimination

Russia's war on Ukraine: Reassessing 'citizenship by investment' schemes
     Type de publication En bref
                   Date  25-04-2022
                 Auteur  DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
      Domaine politique  Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice
                Mot-clé  Biélorussie | droit de séjour | intervention militaire | investissement | mesure restrictive de l'UE | naturalisation |
                         ressortissant étranger | Russie | Ukraine | État membre UE
                Résumé Since 2014, the European Parliament and European Commission have been calling on Member States not to grant
                         citizenship in return for investment in the country concerned. Following the invasion of Ukraine by Russian military
                         forces, these calls have intensified, with Member States now being urged to withdraw such citizenship when it has
                         been granted to Russian or Belarusian nationals who are on the sanctions list or support the invasion.
                 En bref EN

Legal issues surrounding compulsory Covid-19 vaccination
     Type de publication Briefing
                   Date 14-03-2022
                 Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA | DIAZ CREGO Maria | DUMBRAVA Costica | KOTANIDIS Silvia |
                         MENTZELOPOULOU Maria-Margarita
      Domaine politique Coronavirus | Droits de l''homme | Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice
                Mot-clé certificat sanitaire | maladie à coronavirus | santé publique | surveillance épidémiologique de la maladie | vaccin |
                         vaccination | épidémie
               Résumé The authorisation of the first Covid-19 vaccines by the European Commission in December 2020 dovetailed with EU
                         Member States' efforts to roll out mass vaccination campaigns to halt the spread of the coronavirus. Amid rising
                         numbers of Covid-19 cases and fears surrounding what might be the impact of the Omicron variant, those efforts were
                         renewed at the end of 2021, including the roll-out of booster doses and vaccines for children. However, despite
                         progress in some Member States, as of March 2022, only 72 % of the EU population is fully vaccinated (primary
                         course). Low vaccination rates have sparked debates around how to increase vaccine uptake. On 1 December 2021,
                         European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said it was time for the EU to 'think about mandatory
                         vaccination'. Two weeks later, the European Council reiterated the 'vital importance of vaccination in the fight against
                         the pandemic', suggesting the need to step up vaccination campaigns and address vaccine hesitancy. Although there
                         is no common approach to mandatory vaccination against Covid-19 at EU level, some Member States are trying to
                         increase vaccine uptake among their populations by making vaccination compulsory. For the time being, only three
                         Member States are imposing a vaccination mandate on all adults (Austria) or on specific age groups (Greece and
                         Italy), although Austria has just decided to postpone the application of the obligation. Other Member States require
                         certain categories of workers, e.g. in healthcare or public services, to get vaccinated so as to be able to continue
                         exercising their professional activities (Germany, Greece, France, Italy, Latvia and Hungary), or allow employers to
                         impose such a mandate on their employees (Estonia and, until 6 March 2022, Hungary). Finally, in some other
                         Member States, access to certain public spaces is only possible for those fully vaccinated or having recovered from
                         Covid-19 (Germany, France, Italy and Latvia). This briefing looks at the experiences of selected Member States
                         imposing compulsory vaccination for Covid-19 and analyses the EU legal framework applicable to those national rules.
                         It has been written with the contribution of the Directorate for Legislative Acts within the Directorate-General for the
                         Presidency.
                Briefing EN

13-07-2022                                       Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE                                                                2
Programmes d’octroi de citoyenneté et de résidence contre investissement
     Type de publication   En bref
                   Date    02-03-2022
                 Auteur    DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
      Domaine politique    Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice
               Résumé      Lors de sa première session plénière de mars, le Parlement devrait voter sur un rapport sur les régimes de citoyenneté
                           et de résidence contre investissement. Le rapport invite la Commission à présenter des propositions législatives visant
                           à supprimer progressivement les régimes de citoyenneté et à réglementer les régimes de résidence, et formule
                           plusieurs propositions spécifiques à cette fin.
                En bref ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Politique et législation en matière de migration légale
     Type de publicationEn bref
                   Date 17-11-2021
                 Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
      Domaine politique Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
                Mot-clé contrôle des migrations | droit de séjour | migration professionnelle | pays tiers | permis de travail | politique migratoire
                        de l'UE | qualification professionnelle | ressortissant étranger
               Résumé Au cours de la période de session de novembre II, il est prévu que le Parlement examine un rapport d’initiative
                        législative de la commission des libertés civiles, de la justice et des affaires intérieures (LIBE) sur la politique et la
                        législation en matière de migration légale. Le rapport formule de nombreuses recommandations de modification des
                        directives en vigueur, en invitant la Commission européenne à présenter une proposition législative.
                En bref ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL

Avenues for EU action on citizenship and residence by investment schemes - European Added Value
Assessment
     Type de publication
                       Étude
                   Date21-10-2021
                 AuteurDE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA | FERNANDES MEENAKSHI | NAVARRA Cecilia
      Domaine politiqueValeur ajoutée européenne
                Mot-cléadmission des étrangers | citoyenneté européenne | droit de séjour | investissement | pays tiers | politique de l'UE en
                       matière de visas | politique migratoire de l'UE | ressortissant étranger | égalité de traitement
               Résumé Citizenship and residence by investment schemes allow third-country nationals to obtain residence or citizenship in a
                       host country in exchange for a financial contribution. In the European Union (EU), at least 130 000 persons have taken
                       advantage of such schemes, which have generated over €21.8 billion in revenue for the countries concerned. This
                       European added value assessment (EAVA) reviews the key issues raised by investment schemes and the possible
                       legal bases on which the EU could act to address them. Several policy options are put forward that could be
                       implemented through amendments to existing EU legislation or by introducing new legislation. The policy options
                       include: (1) Phasing out investment schemes in the EU; (2) Applying an EU-level tax on investment schemes; and (3)
                       Regulating investment schemes. In addition, the assessment considers the introduction of minimum physical presence
                       requirements on residence by investment schemes and regulating access to the EU for investor migrants from third
                       countries. The policy options are assessed in terms of their potential consequences and impacts, subsidiarity,
                       proportionality and the overall added value the EU might gain.
                 Étude EN

LGBTI rights in the EU, recent developments following the Hungarian law
     Type de publicationEn bref
                   Date 06-07-2021
                 Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
      Domaine politique Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
                Mot-clé conversion sexuelle | droit national | enfant | Hongrie | identité de genre | jurisprudence | minorité sexuelle | programme
                        d'enseignement | protection de l'enfance | pédophilie | rapport | éducation sexuelle
               Résumé On 15 June 2021, the Hungarian Parliament adopted a law originally intended to fight paedophilia, which, following
                        amendments proposed by Members from the ruling Fidesz party, contains clauses prohibiting the portrayal of
                        homosexuality and gender-reassignment to minors. Additionally, the law prohibits homosexuality and gender
                        reassignment from being featured in sex education classes, and stipulates that such classes can now only be taught
                        by registered organisations. Furthermore, changes to the Business Advertising Law and to the Media Law require that
                        adverts and content featuring LGBTI people must be rated as Category V (i.e. not recommended for minors). The law
                        is due to come into force on 8 July and has generated widespread criticism at EU level. The law is due to be discussed
                        during the European Parliament's July 2021 plenary session, following statements from the European Commission and
                        the Council.
                En bref EN

13-07-2022                                       Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE                                                                 3
EU Covid-19 certificate: A tool to help restore the free movement of people across the European Union
     Type de publicationBriefing
                   Date 20-05-2021
                 Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA | DUMBRAVA Costica
      Domaine politique Coronavirus | Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice
                Mot-clé certificat sanitaire | contrôle sanitaire | contrôle à la frontière | diagnostic médical | frontière intérieure de l'UE | libre
                        circulation des personnes | maladie à coronavirus | protection des données | spécification technique | vaccination |
                        égalité de traitement | épidémie
               Résumé The Covid-19 crisis has had a severe impact on free movement in the EU. To address this issue, on 17 March 2021
                        the Commission issued a proposal to establish a 'digital green certificate' – a common framework for issuing, verifying
                        and accepting interoperable health certificates. The certificate would include proof of vaccination, Covid-19 test results,
                        and/or information that the holder has recovered from being ill with Covid-19. The proposal has been given priority by
                        the co-legislators with a view to seeking to reach agreement and launch the certificate before summer 2021. A
                        temporary digital health certificate is seen as a less restrictive measure than others currently in place, such as entry
                        bans, quarantine and business closures, and may allow for a gradual reopening of the economy. Whereas the initiative
                        has been welcomed by some (such as the tourism and transport sectors), the certificate raises a number of concerns,
                        in relation to its design, fundamental rights implications and overall usefulness. This briefing discusses the
                        Commission's proposals and the initial positions of the EU co-legislators in the broader context. It analyses a number
                        of key issues raised by the certificate, namely: its legal scope, the different types of certificates included in the overall
                        digital green certificate, the risk of discrimination, data protection concerns, technical aspects, the timeframe and the
                        overall added value of the certificates.
               Briefing EN

The rights of LGBTI people in the European Union
     Type de publication Briefing
                   Date 11-05-2021
                 Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
      Domaine politique Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
               Mot-clé adoption d'enfant | discrimination fondée sur l'orientation sexuelle | droits de l'homme | identité de genre | mariage |
                        procréation artificielle | statistique de l'UE | stratégie de l’UE | violence sexuelle | égalité de traitement
              Résumé The prohibition of discrimination and the protection of human rights are important elements of the EU legal order.
                        Nevertheless, discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people persists
                        throughout the EU and takes various forms, including verbal abuse and physical violence. Sexual orientation is now
                        recognised in EU law as grounds of discrimination. However, the scope of the provisions dealing with this issue is
                        limited and does not cover social protection, health care, education or access to goods and services, leaving LGBTI
                        people particularly vulnerable in these areas. Moreover, EU competence does not extend to recognition of marital or
                        family status. In this area, national regulations vary, with some Member States offering same-sex couples the right to
                        marry, others allowing alternative forms of registration, and yet others not providing any legal status for same-sex
                        couples. Same-sex couples may or may not have the right to adopt children and to access assisted reproduction.
                        These divergent legal statuses have implications, for instance, for partners from two Member States with different
                        standards who want to formalise/legalise their relationship, or for same-sex couples and their families wishing to move
                        to another Member State. Combating discrimination has become part of EU internal and external policies, and is the
                        subject of numerous resolutions of the European Parliament. However, action in this area remains problematic when it
                        touches on issues pertaining to areas traditionally the preserve of Member States, such as marital status and family
                        law. This is a further updated version of a briefing originally drafted by Piotr Bakowski. The previous edition, from
                        November 2020, was by Rosamund Shreeves.
               Briefing EN
             Multimédia The road to LGBTI equality

13-07-2022                                      Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE                                                                4
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