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Liste des publications du Think Tank du PE
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank
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Auteur "DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA"
12 Résultat(s) trouvé(s)
Date de création : 13-07-2022Bans on conversion 'therapies': The situation in selected EU Member States
Type de publication Briefing
Date 07-06-2022
Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
Domaine politique Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
Résumé LGBTI conversion 'therapies' are practices that can be defined as 'any treatment aimed at changing a person's sexual
orientation or gender identity'. Ways to implement them include psychotherapy, medication, electroshock therapy,
aversive treatments and exorcism. An alternative term used to describe these practices is sexual orientation and
gender identity-expression change efforts (SOGIECE). They can bring about suicidal thoughts but also permanent
physical harm, suicide attempts, depression, anxiety, shame, self-hatred and loss of faith. The World Health
Organization declassified homosexuality as a pathology or disease in 1990 and transsexuality in 2019. In their 2020
report, the independent expert mandated by the United Nations Human Rights Council recommended that states ban
conversion 'therapy'. The European Parliament has strongly condemned all forms of discrimination against LGBTI
people, including LGBTI conversion 'therapies'. Moreover, it has also made repeated calls on the Member States to
ban such practices. Within the European Union (EU), four Member States – Malta, Germany, France and Greece –
have banned these practices, and many regions in Spain have placed administrative bans on them. Several other
Member States have proposed bills in this regard. While the various laws have a comparable structure, there are
variations in terms of whICH LGBTI+ groups are protected and what entities are covered by the bans and the
sanctions imposed. Moreover, the definition of conversion 'therapy' differs slightly from one Member State to another.
This briefing looks at the laws on conversion 'therapies' that are already in place or are proposed for adoption in some
Member States. It then compares them, among other things, based on the definition of the practice, the scope of
protection offered and the sanctions envisaged.
Briefing EN
The rights of LGBTI people in the European Union
Type de publication Briefing
Date 16-05-2022
Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
Domaine politique Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
Mot-clé discrimination fondée sur l'orientation sexuelle | droits de l'homme | droits des minorités | identité de genre | égalité de
traitement
Résumé The prohibition of discrimination and the protection of human rights are important elements of the EU legal order.
Nevertheless, discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people persists
throughout the EU and takes various forms, including verbal abuse and physical violence. Sexual orientation is now
recognised in EU law as grounds of discrimination. However, the scope of the provisions dealing with this issue is
limited and does not cover social protection, health care, education or access to goods and services, leaving LGBTI
people particularly vulnerable in these areas. Moreover, EU competence does not extend to recognition of marital or
family status. In this area, national regulations vary, with some Member States offering same-sex couples the right to
marry, others allowing alternative forms of registration, and yet others not providing any legal status for same-sex
couples. Same-sex couples may or may not have the right to adopt children and to access assisted reproduction.
These divergent legal statuses have implications, for instance, for partners from two Member States with different
standards who want to formalise/legalise their relationship, or for same-sex couples and their families wishing to move
to another Member State. Combating discrimination has become part of EU internal and external policies, and is the
subject of numerous resolutions of the European Parliament. However, action in this area remains problematic when it
touches on issues pertaining to areas traditionally the preserve of Member States, such as marital status and family
law. This is a further updated version of a briefing the previous edition of which was from May 2021.
Briefing EN
Guerre de la Russie contre l’Ukraine: la situation des personnes LGBTI
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 06-05-2022
Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA | DEL MONTE Micaela
Domaine politique Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
Mot-clé aide aux réfugiés | discrimination ethnique | discrimination fondée sur l'orientation sexuelle | identité de genre |
intervention militaire | protection civile | Russie | traitement cruel et dégradant | Ukraine | violence sexuelle
Résumé Plus de deux mois après le début de l’agression de la Russie contre l’Ukraine, rien ne semble indiquer une fin de la
guerre: les nouvelles font au contraire état d’une escalade du conflit et d’une multiplication des atrocités commises sur
le sol ukrainien. Depuis le début de la guerre, des millions de personnes ont fui le pays ou ont été déplacées à
l’intérieur des frontières de l’Ukraine, ce qui a entraîné l’une des plus graves crises humanitaires de ces dernières
années en Europe. À chaque jour qui passe, le chaos engendré par la guerre augmente de façon exponentielle le
risque de violence et d’exploitation, en particulier pour les personnes les plus vulnérables, notamment les femmes, les
enfants, les Roms et les membres de la communauté LGBTI (personnes lesbiennes, gays, bisexuelles, transgenres et
intersexuées).
En bref EN, FR
13-07-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 1EU legislation and policies to address racial and ethnic discrimination
Type de publication Briefing
Date 03-05-2022
Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
Domaine politique Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
Mot-clé Agence des droits fondamentaux de l'Union européenne | collecte de données | discrimination ethnique |
discrimination raciale | droit de l'individu | groupe ethnique | statistique de l'UE | xénophobie | égalité de traitement
Résumé Racial and ethnic minorities face discrimination and its consequences on a daily basis. The exact scale of the problem
is hard to gauge due to a lack of data and general under-reporting of racist incidents. The coronavirus pandemic has
seen a major increase in reports of racist and xenophobic incidents, and the crisis it triggered has had a
disproportionately large negative effect on racial and ethnic minority groups, in the form of higher death and infection
rates. Although since 2000 the European Union (EU) has introduced legislation to combat racial and xenophobic
discrimination, the problem persists, with the need for new measures recently highlighted by the global Black Lives
Matter protests. A number of studies also point to the cost of racial discrimination not only for the individuals concerned
but also for society as a whole. For instance, a 2018 EPRS report argued that the loss in earnings caused by racial
and ethnic discrimination for both individuals and societies amounts to billions of euros annually. EU citizens also
acknowledge this problem: a 2019 survey found that over half of Europeans believe racial or ethnic discrimination to be
widespread in their country. To address racial discrimination and the inequalities it engenders, the European
Commission has put forward a number of equality strategies and actions. One such action, the second European
summit against racism, was held on 21 March 2022. The European Parliament, meanwhile, has long been demanding
an end to racial discrimination. In recent resolutions, the Parliament has called for putting an end to structural racism,
discrimination, racial profiling and police brutality; for asserting the right to protest peacefully; and for boosting the role
of culture, education, media and sport in the fight against racism. This updates a briefing from March 2021.
Briefing EN
Multimédia EU legislation and policies to fight racial and ethnic discrimination
Russia's war on Ukraine: Reassessing 'citizenship by investment' schemes
Type de publication En bref
Date 25-04-2022
Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
Domaine politique Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice
Mot-clé Biélorussie | droit de séjour | intervention militaire | investissement | mesure restrictive de l'UE | naturalisation |
ressortissant étranger | Russie | Ukraine | État membre UE
Résumé Since 2014, the European Parliament and European Commission have been calling on Member States not to grant
citizenship in return for investment in the country concerned. Following the invasion of Ukraine by Russian military
forces, these calls have intensified, with Member States now being urged to withdraw such citizenship when it has
been granted to Russian or Belarusian nationals who are on the sanctions list or support the invasion.
En bref EN
Legal issues surrounding compulsory Covid-19 vaccination
Type de publication Briefing
Date 14-03-2022
Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA | DIAZ CREGO Maria | DUMBRAVA Costica | KOTANIDIS Silvia |
MENTZELOPOULOU Maria-Margarita
Domaine politique Coronavirus | Droits de l''homme | Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice
Mot-clé certificat sanitaire | maladie à coronavirus | santé publique | surveillance épidémiologique de la maladie | vaccin |
vaccination | épidémie
Résumé The authorisation of the first Covid-19 vaccines by the European Commission in December 2020 dovetailed with EU
Member States' efforts to roll out mass vaccination campaigns to halt the spread of the coronavirus. Amid rising
numbers of Covid-19 cases and fears surrounding what might be the impact of the Omicron variant, those efforts were
renewed at the end of 2021, including the roll-out of booster doses and vaccines for children. However, despite
progress in some Member States, as of March 2022, only 72 % of the EU population is fully vaccinated (primary
course). Low vaccination rates have sparked debates around how to increase vaccine uptake. On 1 December 2021,
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said it was time for the EU to 'think about mandatory
vaccination'. Two weeks later, the European Council reiterated the 'vital importance of vaccination in the fight against
the pandemic', suggesting the need to step up vaccination campaigns and address vaccine hesitancy. Although there
is no common approach to mandatory vaccination against Covid-19 at EU level, some Member States are trying to
increase vaccine uptake among their populations by making vaccination compulsory. For the time being, only three
Member States are imposing a vaccination mandate on all adults (Austria) or on specific age groups (Greece and
Italy), although Austria has just decided to postpone the application of the obligation. Other Member States require
certain categories of workers, e.g. in healthcare or public services, to get vaccinated so as to be able to continue
exercising their professional activities (Germany, Greece, France, Italy, Latvia and Hungary), or allow employers to
impose such a mandate on their employees (Estonia and, until 6 March 2022, Hungary). Finally, in some other
Member States, access to certain public spaces is only possible for those fully vaccinated or having recovered from
Covid-19 (Germany, France, Italy and Latvia). This briefing looks at the experiences of selected Member States
imposing compulsory vaccination for Covid-19 and analyses the EU legal framework applicable to those national rules.
It has been written with the contribution of the Directorate for Legislative Acts within the Directorate-General for the
Presidency.
Briefing EN
13-07-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 2Programmes d’octroi de citoyenneté et de résidence contre investissement
Type de publication En bref
Date 02-03-2022
Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
Domaine politique Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice
Résumé Lors de sa première session plénière de mars, le Parlement devrait voter sur un rapport sur les régimes de citoyenneté
et de résidence contre investissement. Le rapport invite la Commission à présenter des propositions législatives visant
à supprimer progressivement les régimes de citoyenneté et à réglementer les régimes de résidence, et formule
plusieurs propositions spécifiques à cette fin.
En bref ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL
Politique et législation en matière de migration légale
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 17-11-2021
Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
Domaine politique Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
Mot-clé contrôle des migrations | droit de séjour | migration professionnelle | pays tiers | permis de travail | politique migratoire
de l'UE | qualification professionnelle | ressortissant étranger
Résumé Au cours de la période de session de novembre II, il est prévu que le Parlement examine un rapport d’initiative
législative de la commission des libertés civiles, de la justice et des affaires intérieures (LIBE) sur la politique et la
législation en matière de migration légale. Le rapport formule de nombreuses recommandations de modification des
directives en vigueur, en invitant la Commission européenne à présenter une proposition législative.
En bref ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL
Avenues for EU action on citizenship and residence by investment schemes - European Added Value
Assessment
Type de publication
Étude
Date21-10-2021
AuteurDE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA | FERNANDES MEENAKSHI | NAVARRA Cecilia
Domaine politiqueValeur ajoutée européenne
Mot-cléadmission des étrangers | citoyenneté européenne | droit de séjour | investissement | pays tiers | politique de l'UE en
matière de visas | politique migratoire de l'UE | ressortissant étranger | égalité de traitement
Résumé Citizenship and residence by investment schemes allow third-country nationals to obtain residence or citizenship in a
host country in exchange for a financial contribution. In the European Union (EU), at least 130 000 persons have taken
advantage of such schemes, which have generated over €21.8 billion in revenue for the countries concerned. This
European added value assessment (EAVA) reviews the key issues raised by investment schemes and the possible
legal bases on which the EU could act to address them. Several policy options are put forward that could be
implemented through amendments to existing EU legislation or by introducing new legislation. The policy options
include: (1) Phasing out investment schemes in the EU; (2) Applying an EU-level tax on investment schemes; and (3)
Regulating investment schemes. In addition, the assessment considers the introduction of minimum physical presence
requirements on residence by investment schemes and regulating access to the EU for investor migrants from third
countries. The policy options are assessed in terms of their potential consequences and impacts, subsidiarity,
proportionality and the overall added value the EU might gain.
Étude EN
LGBTI rights in the EU, recent developments following the Hungarian law
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 06-07-2021
Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
Domaine politique Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
Mot-clé conversion sexuelle | droit national | enfant | Hongrie | identité de genre | jurisprudence | minorité sexuelle | programme
d'enseignement | protection de l'enfance | pédophilie | rapport | éducation sexuelle
Résumé On 15 June 2021, the Hungarian Parliament adopted a law originally intended to fight paedophilia, which, following
amendments proposed by Members from the ruling Fidesz party, contains clauses prohibiting the portrayal of
homosexuality and gender-reassignment to minors. Additionally, the law prohibits homosexuality and gender
reassignment from being featured in sex education classes, and stipulates that such classes can now only be taught
by registered organisations. Furthermore, changes to the Business Advertising Law and to the Media Law require that
adverts and content featuring LGBTI people must be rated as Category V (i.e. not recommended for minors). The law
is due to come into force on 8 July and has generated widespread criticism at EU level. The law is due to be discussed
during the European Parliament's July 2021 plenary session, following statements from the European Commission and
the Council.
En bref EN
13-07-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 3EU Covid-19 certificate: A tool to help restore the free movement of people across the European Union
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 20-05-2021
Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA | DUMBRAVA Costica
Domaine politique Coronavirus | Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice
Mot-clé certificat sanitaire | contrôle sanitaire | contrôle à la frontière | diagnostic médical | frontière intérieure de l'UE | libre
circulation des personnes | maladie à coronavirus | protection des données | spécification technique | vaccination |
égalité de traitement | épidémie
Résumé The Covid-19 crisis has had a severe impact on free movement in the EU. To address this issue, on 17 March 2021
the Commission issued a proposal to establish a 'digital green certificate' – a common framework for issuing, verifying
and accepting interoperable health certificates. The certificate would include proof of vaccination, Covid-19 test results,
and/or information that the holder has recovered from being ill with Covid-19. The proposal has been given priority by
the co-legislators with a view to seeking to reach agreement and launch the certificate before summer 2021. A
temporary digital health certificate is seen as a less restrictive measure than others currently in place, such as entry
bans, quarantine and business closures, and may allow for a gradual reopening of the economy. Whereas the initiative
has been welcomed by some (such as the tourism and transport sectors), the certificate raises a number of concerns,
in relation to its design, fundamental rights implications and overall usefulness. This briefing discusses the
Commission's proposals and the initial positions of the EU co-legislators in the broader context. It analyses a number
of key issues raised by the certificate, namely: its legal scope, the different types of certificates included in the overall
digital green certificate, the risk of discrimination, data protection concerns, technical aspects, the timeframe and the
overall added value of the certificates.
Briefing EN
The rights of LGBTI people in the European Union
Type de publication Briefing
Date 11-05-2021
Auteur DE GROOT DAVID ARMAND JACQUES GERA
Domaine politique Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
Mot-clé adoption d'enfant | discrimination fondée sur l'orientation sexuelle | droits de l'homme | identité de genre | mariage |
procréation artificielle | statistique de l'UE | stratégie de l’UE | violence sexuelle | égalité de traitement
Résumé The prohibition of discrimination and the protection of human rights are important elements of the EU legal order.
Nevertheless, discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people persists
throughout the EU and takes various forms, including verbal abuse and physical violence. Sexual orientation is now
recognised in EU law as grounds of discrimination. However, the scope of the provisions dealing with this issue is
limited and does not cover social protection, health care, education or access to goods and services, leaving LGBTI
people particularly vulnerable in these areas. Moreover, EU competence does not extend to recognition of marital or
family status. In this area, national regulations vary, with some Member States offering same-sex couples the right to
marry, others allowing alternative forms of registration, and yet others not providing any legal status for same-sex
couples. Same-sex couples may or may not have the right to adopt children and to access assisted reproduction.
These divergent legal statuses have implications, for instance, for partners from two Member States with different
standards who want to formalise/legalise their relationship, or for same-sex couples and their families wishing to move
to another Member State. Combating discrimination has become part of EU internal and external policies, and is the
subject of numerous resolutions of the European Parliament. However, action in this area remains problematic when it
touches on issues pertaining to areas traditionally the preserve of Member States, such as marital status and family
law. This is a further updated version of a briefing originally drafted by Piotr Bakowski. The previous edition, from
November 2020, was by Rosamund Shreeves.
Briefing EN
Multimédia The road to LGBTI equality
13-07-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 4You can also read
