Key updates on the Montreal Protocol and Vienna Convention in 2021-2022 - Joint Meeting of Asia and the Pacific Networks of National Ozone ...

Key updates on the Montreal Protocol
and Vienna Convention in 2021-2022
Joint Meeting of Asia and the Pacific Networks of National Ozone Officers
27 April 2022 | 10.00-13.00 Bangkok time

Liazzat Rabbiosi, Ozone Secretariat

Where we stand:
COP12(II)/MOP 33 overview
Kigali Amendment
Compliance Related Issues

 In total 18 decisions adopted

Issues discussed at COP12(II) and MOP33
    ✓ replenishment of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of
      the Montreal Protocol for the period 2021–2023;
    ✓ financial report and budgets of the Trust Fund for the Montreal
      Protocol;
    ✓ unexpected emissions of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11);
    ✓ identification of gaps in the global coverage of atmospheric
      monitoring of controlled substances and options for enhancing
      monitoring;
    ✓ compliance and reporting issues considered by the
      Implementation Committee;
    ✓ energy-efficient and low-global-warming-potential technologies;
      and
    ✓ membership of Montreal Protocol bodies for 2022.
4

Decision XXXI/1 – Assessment of the Funding Requirement
for the Replenishment of the MLF for the period 2021-2023

The RTF September 2021 Report estimated funding requirement for the 2021-
2023 triennium has been narrowed to US$ 417.5-779.6 million, which reflects:
• Updated HFC phasedown funding scenarios based on Kigali Amendment
  ratifications as of 17 June 2021, with 84 A5 parties having ratified (including
  the largest country in Group 1) and 142 A5 parties that sent letters of intent to
  ratify.
• Planned and approved projects in the “Adjusted Consolidated Business Plan
  for the MLF for 2021-2023” allowed use of actual amounts rather than
  estimates (e.g., HPMPs) for this triennium.
• New project preparation cost guidelines agreed by ExCom for Kigali
  Implementation Plans (KIPs).
• HFC production sector and HFC-23 mitigation projects agreed or approved in
  principle at ExCom.
• support for the special needs of low- and very low-volume consuming
  countries, enabling activities, stand-alone projects, and cost of early activities
  to avoid the growth of high-GWP HFCs.

                                      TEAP

Replenishment of the MLF for 2021-2023
    ✓ Decision XXXIII/1: Updated interim budget for the Multilateral Fund for
      the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol for the triennium 2021–
      2023:
       •     adopt an updated interim budget for the MLF for the triennium
             2021–2023 of USD 400 million from contributions due to the MLF
             and other sources for the triennium 2018–2020, and contributions
             from parties already made in 2021.
    ✓ Decision XXXIII/2: 2022 contributions to the Multilateral Fund for the
      Implementation of the Montreal Protocol for the triennium 2021–2023
           • adopt the level of indicative contributions for the parties listed in
             Table A for 2022 on an interim basis
    ✓ Decision XXXIII/3: Extraordinary meeting of the parties in 2022
           ✓ to organize an ExMOP in 2022 to enable parties to take a decision
             on the 2021–2023 MLF replenishment

6

Unexpected emissions of CFC-11 (SAP and
TEAP updates)

✓ the decline in atmospheric
  concentrations of CFC-11 from
  2018-2019 continued in 2020 and
  the first part of 2021  suggesting
  that much of the new use and
  production had stopped;
✓ the new CFC-11 banks that might
  have been created from the
  unexpected production could add to
  emissions for some time.
✓ Assuming closed-cell foam usage,
  CFC-11 production leads to an
  increase in the CFC-11 bank of         •   Higher management of active foam
  ~300 ktonnes (~1.4 Gt CO2 eq).             banks at end-of-life could divert
                                             substantial amounts of foam
✓ Opportunities to recover CFC-11            wastes away from landfill
  limited to insulation foams and less       towards destruction.
  centrifugal chillers.

7

Unexpected emissions of CFC-11: background

✓ The origins of the global CFC-11 emission increase could be only
  partially attributed (could attribute 40-60%).
✓ Due to the insufficient coverage the sources of remaining emissions
  could not be determined.
✓ A recent study by NOAA (March 2022) suggests regional emissions of
  global CFC-11 emissions (available data 2009-2011 and 2016-2018)
      ✓ 86% of emissions of global CFC-11 from Asia (besides eastern
        mainland China, also temperate western Asia and tropical Asia also
        likely to have contributed to global CFC-11 emissions increase)
      ✓ 10-15% from North America and Europe
      ✓ Relatively insignificant from South America,
      Africa, and Australia

 8

Enhancing the global and regional atmospheric
    monitoring of substances controlled by the Montreal
    Protocol

    ✓ Decision XXXIII/4 requesting the Secretariat in consultation with
      relevant experts from the SAP, TEAP, and ORM, to provide the
      following information to the parties at OEWG 45 in 2023, and to report
      on the progress of work at OEWG 44 in 2022:
        ✓ options for regional monitoring of atmospheric concentrations of
          controlled substances and the challenges for operationalizing relevant
          recommendations;
        ✓ identification of suitable locations with a view to strengthening
          monitoring capacity and networks; and
        ✓ options for possible means of establishing new monitoring capacities
          and related costs, taking into account existing monitoring infrastructure.

9

A pilot project
     Regional quantification of emissions of substances controlled under
                            the Montreal Protocol

✓ identify suitable locations for new
  flask sampling and high
  frequency in-situ stations
✓ Start initial flask sampling to test
  the site suitability and adequate
  logistical support
✓ Lay the groundwork for the
  establishment of at least one high
  frequency in-situ measurements
  and potential flask analysis           ✓ Current focus on the Northern
  laboratory in a developing               Hemisphere where the uses and
  country/countries                        manufacture of controlled substances
                                           the highest
                                         ✓ Establish connections with working
                                           network and research institutions

10

Decision XXXI/7 – Continued Provision of Information
 on Energy-Efficient and Low-GWP Technologies
• Demand for cooling is increasing rapidly, which is leading to increasing global
  warming from both direct and indirect emissions.
• The Montreal Protocol has already recognised the need to improve the energy
  efficiency (EE) of RACHP equipment during the phase-out of ODS and now the phase-
  down of high-GWP refrigerants.
• Opportunities to improve EE while implementing the Protocol’s control measures
  include:
   – Facilitating the collaboration between Ozone Units and energy departments
   – Encouraging integrated regulations for EE during HCFC phase-out and HFC phase-
      down
   – Improving access to lower GWP/high EE RACHP technologies
   – Preventing the dumping of high-GWP/low EE RACHP equipment
   – Considering how to assist parties who wish to adopt a ”fast mover” status with
      synergistic HCFC phase-out/HFC phase-down with progressive improvement in EE

                                      TEAP

Energy Efficiency

✓ Draft proposal by African Group: preventing market penetration (dumping) of
  obsolete equipment in Africa while facilitating access to secure and energy-
  efficient technologies on the continent (deferred)

Decision XXXIII/5: Continued provision of information on
energy-efficient and low-global-warming-potential technologies:
✓ update and address additional sub-sectors such as the heat pump sub-sector,
  large commercial refrigeration, and larger airconditioning systems;
✓ assess potential cost savings associated with adopting lowerGWP, energy
  efficient technologies, including for manufacturers and consumers;
✓ identify sectors where actions could be taken in the short term to adopt energy
  efficient technologies while phasing down HFCs;
✓ identify options to enhance and maintain energy efficiency in equipment through
  deploying best practices during installation, servicing, maintenance,
  refurbishment or repair; and
✓ provide detailed information on how the benefits of integrating energy efficiency
  enhancements with the HFC phase-down measures can be assessed.

12

Report of the eleventh meeting of the Ozone
Research Managers (ORM 11) recommendations:
✓ Research needs: global emissions of ODS, HFCs and related gases, stratospheric
  ozone – climate coupling, and aviation, rockets and climate intervention.
✓ Systematic observations: top-down emission capability to cover more the Earth’s
  surface and refining the bottom-up emission estimates globally and regionally in
  conjunction with improved reporting of production.
✓ Resources for continuing ground-based stations for long-term records of ozone,
  trace gases, and UV;
✓ Gaps: continued monitoring of controlled substances, the need to address gaps
  for early detection of emissions and their sources, as well as the sizeable,
  sustained funding.
✓ Data management: centralized robust automated and timely data submissions,
  digitize and curate historical data, improve linkages among data centres.
✓ Capacity building: training opportunities and expand scientific capacity in
  developing countries

 13

Recommendations of the ORM11
Decision XII(II)(/1):
✓ adopt and implement the recommendations of the ORM
✓ accord priority
     ✓ to research and systematic observation activities (ozone and the evolution
       of the ozone layer and its links to climate change);
     ✓ maintain, augment, restore and establish new long-term capacity and
       infrastructure for the atmospheric monitoring and observation to enhance
       the estimates of regional emissions;
     ✓ improved management and analysis of observation data, including for
       international open-access and collaborative research activities, long-term
       curation and storage, standardization, and inter-comparability, to support
       modelling and near real-time assessments; and
     ✓ support for capacity-building activities through the continuation and
       expansion of regular calibration and intercomparison campaigns and
       through the provision of training

14

General Trust Fund for Financing Activities and
Research
✓ Decision XII(II)/2: to make contributions to the General Trust Fund for financing
  activities on research and systematic observations relevant to the Convention,
  for the purpose of improving the global ozone observing system in line with the
  long-term strategy and short-term plan of action prepared by the Advisory
  Committee of the Trust Fund
✓ identifying gaps and needs in research and monitoring of ozone and related
  climate variables and parameters;
✓ facilitating the relocation of unused Dobson and Brewer instruments and the use
  of ozone sondes to new observation programmes when requested and in line
  with global and regional observation priorities;
✓ fostering stronger relationships with scientific institutions and related global
  networks to build capacity and increase the infusion of knowledge; and
✓ exploring opportunities to leverage and catalyze its resources to safeguard
  necessary research and observation activities in line with its strategic plan

 15

AUGUST

THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL BUYS THE
WORLD MORE TIME
Continued and increased use of chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) would have contributed to global air
temperatures rising by an additional 2.5°C by the end
of this centuryas discussed in the paper Montreal
protocol protects the terrestrial carbon sink published
in Nature.

The study estimates that there could have been 325–
690 billion tonnes less carbon held in plants and soils
by the end of this century (2080–2099) without the
Montreal Protocol. As a result, safeguarding the
Earth’s carbon sink.

                             The ozone hole over Antarctica, in 2000
                             Credits: NASA

Kigali Amendment – 5-year anniversary in
2021
     • 132 parties have ratified the Kigali Amendment to date
     • With more than 70 ratifications, the condition for EIF of the
       non-party trade provisions has been met. It will enter into
       force on 1 January 2033
     • Baseline years: 2020 to 2022 (for Article 5, Group 1)
     • Timeline: No later than 9 months after the pertinent year of
       the baseline (* if that date is later than the date in decision
       XXX/11, then no later than 3 months after EIF (= 6 months
       after ratification), e.g.
                           Date Enter into         2020                 2021                 2022
            Ratification
                               Force         Expected 30 Sep 21   Expected 30 Sep 22   Expected 30 Sep 23
            01-Jul-2021     29-Sep-2021         29-Dec-2021          30-Sep-2022          30-Sep-2023
            01-Oct-2021     30-Dec-2021        30-Mar-2022           30-Sep-2022          30-Sep-2023
            11-Nov-2021     09-Feb-2022        09-May-2022           30-Sep-2022          30-Sep-2023
            11-Nov-2022     09-Feb-2023        09-May-2023          09-May-2023           30-Sep-2023

17

Kigali Amendment (2)
     With respect to licensing systems:
     • To date, 101 parties that have ratified the Amendment
       have established HFC licensing systems
     • 10 parties that have not yet ratified have also
       established licensing systems (Mongolia and Nepal)
        • Establish and implement the licensing system of new, used,
          recycled and reclaimed controlled substances listed in
          Annex F to the Protocol within 3 months after the ratification
          has entered into force for the party
        • Inform the Secretariat of the establishment within 3 months
          after the introduction of such licensing system
        • Secretariat to periodically review and report to ImpCom/MOP

18

Information on illegal trade: decision XIV/1
and Decision XXXI/3

Upcoming meetings and
Issues expected to be discussed in
2021 at COP12(II)/MOP33

68 TH IMPCOM – 9 JULY
44 TH OEWG – 11-16 JULY
 5 TH EXMOP – 16 JULY
   Bangkok, UNCC

Organization of work
• Sat 9 July – ImpCom68
   • (closed meeting only for members and invited observers)
   • China is the President and Bhutan is a member
   • Plan of action to return to compliance (e.g. DPR Korea)
   • A7 data reporting
   • Import-Export Licensing systems for HFCs
   • HCFC Baseline data change request
• Mon-Sat 11-16 July – OEWG44
   • Registration process open, invitations already sent out
   • Online forum (TEAP progress report, others)
   • A number of issues including many outstanding issues to be
     discussed in plenary and contact groups
• Sat 16 July – ExMOP
   • To adopt a decision on the replenishment

22

Issues to be discussed

FINALISING THE NEGOTIATIONS
AND TAKING DECISION ON THE
REPLENISHMENT LEVELS OF MLF
FOR THE TRIENNIUM 2021-2023
(agenda item 3)

1) The replenishment levels
2) Fixed rate exchange mechanism

Draft decisions attached to the Note
Contact groups
Agreed decision to be considered at
exMOP5 on 16 July

Identification of gaps in atmospheric
             monitoring of controlled substances
              (decision XXXIII/4) (agenda item 4)

          - OzSec to update on the decision
          - Update on the EU-funded project “Regional
            quantification of emissions of controlled
            substances”
          - An addendum with the progress to be
            issued before OEWG44

25
     25

Institutional processes to strengthen the effective
implementation and enforcement (Agenda item 5)

•    ImpCom63’s paper on possible ways of dealing with illegal production of and
     illegal trade in controlled substances under the Montreal Protocol
     (UNEP/OzL.Pro.31/9, para. 170):
      •   on existing arrangements under the Protocol, including tools under the
          Protocol and MLF on issues not addressed as compliance issues (including
          illegal production, consumption and trade and polyols);
      •   reporting, monitoring, verification and implementation review;
      •   the ImpCom functions and membership;
      •   means of triggering the non-compliance procedure; decision-making and the
          consequences of non-compliance; and the role of the Secretariat
      •   Related challenges and ideas for improvements.
      •   comparative overview of arrangements under other legal regime

26

Energy-efficient and low-global-warming-
    potential technologies (agenda item 6)

•        TEAP Report                              •   Dumping of new and old inefficient
                                                      refrigeration and air-conditioning
•        decision XXXIII/5 to to update the EE
                                                      appliances
         report, include additional sectors, saving
         potential, options for EE integration in •   Draft decision by African Group
         phasedown and benefits                       (UNEP/OzL.Conv.12(II)/9–
                                                      UNEP/OzL.Pro.33/8, para. 82)
•        Online forum
                                                  •   Annex to the Note
•        Addendum to be issued

    27

Replenishment for 2024-2026 (Agenda item 7)

• Replenishment study for the
  replenishment 2024-2026

• Terms of reference for a
  study on the replenishment
  of the Multilateral Fund for
  the Implementation of the
  Montreal Protocol for the
  period 2024–2026

28

TEAP Update Report 2022 (Agenda 8)

                     • To be expected in May and
                       posted in the online forum
                        – Volume 1: TEAP 2022
                          progress report
                        – Volume 2: 2022 Evaluation of
                          CUNs for MB – interim report
                        – Volume 3: Energy efficient and
                          low-global-warming-potential
                          technologies (probably only
                          for MOP34)

TEAP Update Report 2022 (Agenda 8 a, b
and c)
8 (a) Nominations for critical-use exemptions for methyl bromide for 2023 and 2024
     •   Volume 2 of the TEAP 2022 report
     •   Recommendations from MBTOC made available in the addendum and online
         forum
     •   Further discussion between nominees and MBCOT at OEWG43
8 (b) Future availability of halons and their alternatives (Decision XXX/7)
     •   cooperation with IMO and ICAO to assess the future availability of halons to serve
         civil aviation and identify alternatives
     •   Enhance recovery of halons from ship breaking
     •   Identify other sources of recovery and recycling halons
     •   Update report from HTOC and summary in the addendum and discussion at
         OEWG

30

Strengthening the TEAP and its
technical options committees (agenda item 9)

• A draft decision by Morocco to strengthen TEAP for HFC phase-down
  and other future challenges under MP and climate issues
• TEAP 2022 report might also have recommendations (to be
  summarized in an addendum)

Stocks of MB and quarantine and pre-shipment uses (agenda item 10)

• CRP by EU (OEWG41)
     • a proposal inviting parties to provide information on their stocks of MB
     • TEAP to clarify the distinction between exempted and controlled uses
       of MB

31

Ongoing emissions of CTC tetrachloride (Agenda item 11)

• SAP 2018 report (MOP30) indicated the discrepancy between the
  top-down and bottom-up estimates of emission levels of carbon
  tetrachloride with unknown emission sources.
• Discussions at OEWG41, CRP from Switzerland on possible actions

Membership of the ExCom of the Multilateral Fund (agenda item 12)

• A proposal by ECA to increase the membership by one member from
  A5 party and another from non A5 and ECA representatives one
  permanent seat

Mario Molina declaration on supporting and strengthening the Montreal
Protocol (agenda item 13)
• A proposal by Mexico (to be posted in the online forum)

32

Periodic review on alternatives to hydrofluorocarbons
(decision XXVIII/2, para. 4)

Safety Standards

33

Update on Secretariat initiatives
2021-2022

Funding received section update

• Launched: 16
  September 2021 (World
  Ozone Day)

• Categories: 9

• Received: 42

• Approved: 23
  ➢ 21 technologies
  ➢ 2 systemic approaches

Who and why may be interested in this
exhibition?

               USERS PER MONTH

THE STATUS
REPORT ON
COLD CHAINS
Sustainable cold-chains are key for
improving human well-being, boosting
economic growth and delivering socio-
economic development through the UN
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
while simultaneously achieving targets of
the Paris Agreement and Montreal Protocol.

In response to the UN Food Systems
Summit and the Rome Declaration, UNFAO,
CCAC, Cool Coalition and the Government of
Italy collaborated to produce this report.

THE LAUNCH LAUNCH OF THE
OF THE EDUCATION PLATFORM
EDUCATION
PORTAL… Phase I will target primary
         school children using the
         Reset Earth characters to
           inform on ozone layer
          protection in a fun and
              interesting way

AND THE LAUNCH OF ONLINE E-LEARNING COURSES
  on International Ozone Regime and Treaties on the InforMEA platform

16 SEPTEMBER 2022
  WORLD OZONE DAY
MONTREAL PROTOCOL@35
 GLOBAL COOPERATION

Thank you

            ozone.unep.org