Hot water boiler equipment - A guide to equipment eligible for Enhanced Capital Allowances
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Hot water boiler equipment A guide to equipment eligible for Enhanced Capital Allowances
Hot water boiler equipment 2 Contents Introduction 03 Background 03 Setting the scene 03 Benefits of purchasing ETL listed products 03 Hot water boiler equipment eligible under the ECA scheme 04 Hot water generators 05 Combustion control 06 Heat recovery 06 Boiler system control 07 Further information 08
Hot water boiler equipment 3
Introduction Benefits of purchasing ETL listed products
ECAs are a straightforward way for a business to improve Many hot water boilers and their distribution systems have
its cash flow through accelerated tax relief. The scheme been in place for years, even decades. Developments in
encourages businesses to invest in energy saving plant modern hot water boiler technology means that efficiencies
or machinery specified in the ETL to help reduce carbon of newer boilers have now advanced significantly. ETL
emissions, which contribute to climate change. listed hot water boiler equipment offers a range of savings
opportunities when compared to equipment not designated
The Energy Technology List (ETL) is a register of products
as energy saving. The degree of savings that can be
that may be eligible for 100% tax relief under the
achieved is dependent upon the nature of the current
Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) scheme for energy
installation as well as the new equipment that is installed.
saving technologies1. The Carbon Trust manages the list
and promotes the ECA scheme on behalf of government. When replacing equipment, businesses are often tempted
to opt for that with the lowest capital cost; however, such
This leaflet gives an overview of hot water boiler
immediate cost savings can prove to be a false economy.
equipment specified on the ETL and illustrates the
Considering the life cycle cost before investing in equipment
reductions in energy bills that can be realised by investing
can help enhance the cash flow benefits still further.
in qualifying ETL energy saving equipment over non-
qualifying equipment. The ECA scheme provides businesses with 100% first
year tax relief on their qualifying capital expenditure
and the ETL specifies the energy saving technologies
Background
that are supported by the ECA scheme. This means that
The ETL comprises two lists: the Energy Technology businesses can write off the whole cost of the equipment
Criteria List (ETCL) and the Energy Technology Product List against taxable profits in the year of purchase. This can
(ETPL). The ETCL defines the performance criteria that provide a cash flow boost and an incentive to invest in
equipment must meet to qualify for ECA scheme support; energy saving equipment which normally carries a price
the ETPL is the list of products that have been assessed premium when compared to less efficient alternatives.
as being compliant with ETCL criteria.
This leaflet illustrates the reductions in energy
consumption, carbon emissions and energy bills that can
Setting the scene be realised by investing in qualifying ETL energy saving
equipment over non-qualifying equipment.
In 2005, the UK commercial sector consumed around
350,000GWh of fossil fuel at a cost of £16,500 million. The
generation of hot water accounts for around 15% of fossil
Important
energy use in buildings and about 3% in industry, totalling
around 22,000GWh per year2. Business purchasing equipment must check the
ETPL at the time of purchase in order to verify
Hot water boilers and water heaters provide low or
that the named product they intend to purchase is
high-temperature hot water for uses such as industrial
designated as energy saving equipment. Hot water
processes, space heating and the direct use of hot water
boiler equipment that meets the ETL eligibility
for activities such as washing.
criteria but is not listed on the Energy Technology
The diagram on page 4 shows the typical structure of a Product List (ETPL) at the time of purchase is
hot water boiler. Many of the component technologies are not eligible for an ECA, even if it meets the ETL
included on the ETL, and their energy saving properties eligibility criteria.
are described to the right.
Eligibility
1 for ECAs is based on a number of factors. Visit http://etl.decc.gov.uk/etl to find out more.
2 Based on data reported in the DTI Digest of UK Energy Statistics published in 2006.Hot water boiler equipment 4
Hot water boiler equipment eligible The following baseline scenario has been used for
under the ECA scheme3 comparison unless otherwise indicated:
The following sections describe the hot water boiler • Currently total installed capacity of 2MW from
equipment specified as energy saving under the ECA two gas fired hot water boilers.
scheme. The diagram below illustrates these ECA-eligible
• Burner 2-stage control.
components and their relationship to each other.
• Annual boiler efficiency 84% net.
Using the stated baseline scenario the potential financial
(£), energy (kWh) and carbon savings (tonnes CO2) have • Average boiler load 75%.
been calculated for replacing the component parts of
• Annual utilisation 8,000h.
the hot water boiler with ETL qualifying equipment to
highlight the potential savings that can be achieved. • Fuel price 3p/kWh.
• Carbon emissions for gas is 0.1836 kgCO2/kWh.
Figure 1 Hot water boiler equipment potentially eligible under the ECA scheme
The
3 descriptions of the hot water boiler equipment given in this leaflet are examples only. The formal criteria and details governing the ECA scheme can
be found at http://etl.decc.gov.uk/etlHot water boiler equipment 5
Hot water generators Hot water boilers up to 400kW
ECA listed condensing, gas and oil-fired hot water boilers,
There are several types of hot water generators eligible
at outputs up to and including 400kW, typically offer fuel
under the ECA scheme, described below. Please note
savings of around 3%5 when compared to boilers with
that biomass boilers are covered by a separate technology
efficiencies that meet the minimum standards specified in
information leaflet.
the Boiler Efficiency Directive.
Hot water boilers
The ECA scheme covers products that modulate their Potential annual savings shown are based on
output to match heating demand, avoiding the heat losses installing an ETL 200kW boiler (compared to a
associated with the purge cycles that occur when burners unit that only meets the minimum requirements
are repeatedly switched on and off to provide the overall of the Boiler Efficiency Directive), which runs at an
required output. average load of 75% for 3,000h/year on gas priced
at 3p/kWh.
Two main types of hot water boiler are included within the
• £405.
ECA scheme:
• 13,500kWh.
• High efficiency hot water boilers with rated outputs
greater than 400kW. • 2.5 tonnes CO2.
• Condensing hot water boilers (of all rated outputs).
Gas-fired condensing water heaters
High efficiency hot water boilers are listed under two
Dedicated water heaters enable the separate provision
categories depending on whether they are designed with
of hot water and space heating. This avoids the energy
high temperature (>105ºC)/high pressure (>6bar) outputs,
wastage that arises from the cycling of boilers (repeatedly
or as low temperature/low pressure boilers.
turning them on and off) to maintain the temperature of
water heating circuits and tanks when space heating is
Hot water boilers over 400kW
not required.
Boilers covered by the ECA scheme with outputs over
400kW achieve net thermal efficiencies of at least 93%, Three different types of gas-fired condensing water heater
and can provide fuel savings of around 8% compared4 to are included within the ECA scheme. Each of which must
the average hot water boiler currently installed in the UK. be able to deliver maximum efficiencies of at least 102%
on a fuel net calorific value basis:
• Storage water heaters rated at up to 150kW.
Potential annual savings from replacing the
boilers in the baseline scenario with ETL boilers. • Non-storage – instantaneous circulator type
• £28,800. water heaters.
• 960,000 kWh. • Non-storage – non-instantaneous, circulator type water
heaters which can generate larger volumes of hot water,
• 176 tonnes CO2.
either instantaneously or via a separate storage vessel.
ETL listed condensing gas-fired water heaters typically
use 9%-16% less fuel than the non-ETL products on
the market6.
Potential annual savings are based on installing an ETL
150kW storage water heater (compared with a lower
efficiency alternative), which runs at an average load of
75% for 3,000h/year on gas priced at 3p/ kWh.
• £1,013.
• 33,750kWh.
• 6.2 tonnes CO2.
4 Based
on a simple comparison between minimum ETL efficiency of 93% net and estimated net thermal efficiency of 84% for boilers in the installed base.
Based
5 on a comparison of UK seasonal efficiency (SEDBUK www.sedbuk.com) values for gas fired boilers that just meet the requirements of each of
these criteria.
Based on a simple comparison between the ETL requirement of 102% net and the range of efficiencies for alternative products estimated as 86% net
6
to 93% net.Hot water boiler equipment 6
Combustion control Heat recovery
It is crucial to ensure accurate control of the amounts of Fitting an economiser to a boiler increases the surface
fuel and air passing through a burner, to ensure complete area across which heat can be transferred, enabling a
combustion whilst minimising the energy used heating air. greater proportion of the heat to be recovered from the
boiler flue gases. This heat can be recycled, and is typically
Burners combust boiler fuel to generate heat. Burners
used for preheating boiler inlet water or to fulfil low-grade
and their control systems can have a major impact on
heat demands. As a result, fuel consumption is decreased
overall boiler efficiency.
and boiler efficiency increased.
Burners with controls
Flue gas economisers
The level of improvement that can be achieved by
Flue gas economisers recover heat from the boiler flue
upgrading burners depends on the age and design of the
gases before they are released to the atmosphere. This
boiler system. Fuel savings of 3%-5% may result7 from
allows the heat to be recycled, and raises boiler system
upgrading to burners whose heat output is modulated
efficiency. Installing a specified energy saving ETL flue gas
to ensure that it matches the heat demand. The benefits
economiser can provide fuel savings of more than 3%.
are greatest in applications where the output needs to be
frequently adjusted to meet variations in demand.
Potential annual savings from adding a flue gas
economiser to the boiler system in the baseline
Potential annual savings when replacing the
scenario
burners used in the baseline scenario with ETL
listed burners. • £10,600.
• £10,800. • 360,000 kWh.
• 360,000 kWh. • 66 tonnes CO2.
• 330 tonnes CO2.
Condensing economisers
Condensing economisers recover heat from boiler flue
Retrofit burner control systems
gases including the latent heat in the water vapour
Microprocessor-based burner control systems offer
produced from combustion. They are used mainly for
precise and reproducible control of the fuel and air flows.
boilers fired on natural gas. Installing a specified energy
These can be retrofitted to existing burners to improve
saving ETL condensing economiser can provide fuel
fuel efficiency. Savings are achieved through reducing
savings of 9%-15%8.
the excess oxygen level in the flue gas, and depend
on the quality of the controls replaced. For example, a
3.5% reduction in the flue gas oxygen level can improve Potential annual savings from adding a
efficiency by around 2%. Although this is lower than the condensing economiser to the boiler system in
improvements that may be available from complete burner the baseline scenario.
replacement, the improvement in efficiency that can be
• £43,200.
achieved means that this is still an attractive option.
• 1.44 million kWh.
Potential annual savings from replacement of the • 264 tonnes CO2
burner controls used on both the burners in the
baseline scenario.
• £7,200.
• 240,000 kWh.
• 44 tonnes CO2.
Steam
7 and High Temperature Hot Water Boilers (CTV052) the Carbon Trust.
Estimate
8 based on adding to a boiler of 93% net thermal efficiency (ETL minimum) – leading to efficiencies from 102% net to 109% net depending on
system constraints.Hot water boiler equipment 7
Boiler system control Potential annual savings from adding a heat
management controller to a 450kW (three 150kW
Inadequate or incorrect application of boiler system
boilers) heating system operating for 3,000 hours/
control can increase fuel consumption by 15%-30%
year at an average of 50% load where a 20% fuel
compared to a well-controlled system9.
saving is achieved.
Heating management controllers (for wet heating • £4,050.
systems) • 135,000 kWh.
Heat management controllers reduce fuel consumption
• 24.8 tonnes CO2.
by adapting boiler firing and heat distribution patterns to
match variations in heat demand. They shut off boilers
during pre-set periods of no demand, and respond to
changing weather conditions by providing heat when
needed to protect from frost, and by adjusting the starting Information for purchasers
time to the minimum needed to reach the required
For further information about the ECA scheme,
temperature in time for use.
the Energy Technology List (ETL) and other
They are available either as standalone units for direct Technology Information Leaflets in the series
control of boilers, burners and other wet heating system please visit http://etl.decc.gov.uk or contact
components, or as add-ons for incorporation into other the Carbon Trust on +44 (0)300 330 0657 or
control systems. The energy savings available depend on email ECAQuestions@carbontrust.co.uk.
the functionality, configuration and set-up of any existing
system.
9 Heating Control (CTG057), the Carbon Trust.Hot Water
water boiler
Boiler equipment
Equipment 8
Go online to get more
The Carbon Trust provides a range of tools, services and information to help you implement energy and carbon saving
measures, no matter what your level of experience.
↘ Empower Savings Calculator
Calculate your organisation’s potential carbon savings with our online calculator. Empower has been configured
entirely around the employee, to help them see that through simple behavioural changes, their individual efforts add
up to make a bigger difference. www.carbontrust.com/resources/tools/empower-savings-calculator
↘ Events and Workshops
The Carbon Trust offers a variety of events and workshops ranging from introductions to our services, to
technical energy efficiency training. www.carbontrust.com/events
www.carbontrust.com/about-us/events
↘ Publications
We have a library of free publications detailing energy saving techniques for a range of sectors and
technologies. www.carbontrust.com/resources
↘ SME Network
An online community for SMEs with the aim of increasing the sharing of best practice between SMEs looking
to reduce carbon emissions from their estate and operations. http://smenetwork.carbontrust.comECA758 The Carbon Trust is an independent, expert partner of leading organisations around the world, helping them contribute to and benefit from a more sustainable world. Advice • We advise businesses, governments and the public sector on their opportunities in a sustainable low carbon world Footprinting • We measure and certify the environmental footprint of organisations, products and services Technology • We help develop and deploy low carbon technologies and solutions, from energy efficiency to renewable power www.carbontrust.com +44 (0)207 170 7000 The Enhanced Capital Allowance Scheme for energy saving equipment is run by the Carbon Trust on behalf of Government. Whilst reasonable steps have been taken to ensure that the information contained within this publication is correct, the authors, the Carbon Trust, its agents, contractors and sub-contractors give no warranty and make no representation as to its accuracy and accept no liability for any errors or omissions. Any trademarks, service marks or logos used in this publication, and copyright in it, are the property of the Carbon Trust. Nothing in this publication shall be construed as granting any licence or right to use or reproduce any of the trademarks, service marks, logos, copyright or any proprietary information in any way without the Carbon Trust’s prior written permission. The Carbon Trust enforces infringements of its intellectual property rights to the full extent permitted by law The Carbon Trust is a company limited by guarantee and registered in England and Wales under Company Number 04190230 with its Registered Office at: 4th Floor, Dorset House, 27-45 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NT. Published in the UK: February 2014. © The Carbon Trust 2014. All rights reserved. ECA758
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