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Honi Soit Week 5, Semester 1, 2020 / First printed 1929 Chinese attitudes towards marriage / p. 11 The stimulus fails Where in Australia has Uber driving in the time students / p. 7 the best night life?/ p. 16 of COVID-19/ p. 19
LETTERS Acknowledgement of Country Letters Honi Soit is published on the stolen land of the Gadigal People of the Eora Nation. For over 230 years, First Nations people in this country have suffered from ...What? Wham, bam, the destructive effects of invasion. The editors of this paper recognise that, as a team of settlers occupying the lands of the Bidjigal, Darug, Gadigal, Wangal and Wallumedegal people, we are beneficiaries of these reverberations that followed European settlement. As we strive throughout the year to offer a platform to the voices Back in the old normal days of the Now in the new normal days of thank you sensible conservative patriarchal The Coronavirus Covid 19 Virus, the mainstream media ignores, we cannot meet this goal without providing a space for First Nations people to share their experiences and perspectives. A student paper which does not acknowledge historical and ongoing colonisation and the white supremacy embedded within Australian society can never adequately represent the students religious world, prior to 2020, abnormal mental illness psychology Pam of the institution in which it operates. We seek to resist colonial violence and the racist power structures that serve to oppress those who are Indigenous to this land. people who practised social of the old world before 2020 has be- Sovereignty was never ceded. Always was and always will be Aboriginal land. distancing, who practised lots of come the normal psychology of the - Jane Mary hand washing, who practised 14 sensible conservative patriarchal re- Wallace consecutive days of social isolation, ligious world. Obsessive and Com- Contents Editorial (in the same who wore face masks every day to pulsive Mental Illness disorder has email) avoid germs, who feared catching become the normal sensible way of deadly diseases from breathing and life. The old “abnormal people” have In light of community concerns In light of this, Honi Soit would like to mixing with the community , who become the “normal people” . What’s on / 2 Editor in Chief: Lei Yao surrounding the spread of COVID-19 and reduced numbers of students and reiterate that we do not believe in liberal notions of balance and objectivity. stocked up supermarket items for 14 The abnormal mentally ill people Positive feedback staff on campuses, we are reducing our Instead, we explicitly support the consecutive rainy days, who found it are now the normal sensible people Editors: Nina Dillon Britton, print run for week 5 of semester to 500 demands issued by multiple unions hard to find toilet paper, who didn’t of common sense, emotional intelli- Hi Honi, students. Gossip / 3 Matthew Forbes, Zhiquan Gan, copies per week, distributed to stands at and grassroots organisations across the use toilet paper after excretion, who gence, mental intelligence, and gen- More attention need to be put on Robbie Mason, Angad Roy, Lara Fisher, JFR and outside the Students’ country. didn’t want to socialise at pubs, clubs eral responsibility. I really liked your article Class Act USYDs failure to support low SES Representative Council (SRC). Some of these demands include: an News / 4 Sonnenschein, Ranuka Tandan, Chuyi Wang, Madeline Ward, Thereafter, and for the foreseeable immediate rent freeze by landlords, a and churches, who were too afraid to go outside their residence, who The new Political, Religious, Moral, social and Economic Leaders from Jenae Madden. Thanks for covering stuff that’s both important students. future, there will only be 100 copies repayment amnesty from banks and Lei Yao hoarded supermarket items, and who talk about social distancing, social and immediately relevant to USYD - Zac Calvin Analysis / 6 printed per week. We will continue to report on the mortgage holders, a moratorium on rental evictions and an increase to wouldn’t eat salads, were considered isolation, incessant hand washing, Contributors: Liam Armstrong- COVID-19 crisis as it affects students welfare benefits. to have the abnormal mental illness hoarding, fears, anxieties, terrors, Opinion / 9 Carrigan, Liam Donohoe, and the wider community. We have We also support the calls to the of obsessions and compulsions phobias, rituals, and all the old world To Aiden Magro, with love Deaundre Espejo, Jeffrey Khoo, also begun a live blog which we will be University of Sydney to cease the disorder! topics normally associated with the updating frequently. austerity measures it has introduced These abnormal mentally ill old time abnormal mentally ill peo- What an absolute delight to read goal with the book was to concentrate Finola Laughren, Juliette Feature / 11 Marchant, Shania O’Brien, COVID-19 immediately affects the most vulnerable in our community. without adequate staff consultation and without respecting the nature of people were sent to psychologists, ple who were fit for drugs,therapies, your article that featured my book, Fag Hags, Divas and Moms. It’s hard on women whose stories are largely unknown. Everyone’s heard of Sophia Perez, Daany Saeed, psychiatrists, student counsellors, mental hospitals,and mental health Indigenous people, disabled people, an increasingly casualised tertiary to know how far a book can reach, Elizabeth Taylor and how important Perspective / 14 Lachlan Redman, Will Solomon, Victor Zhou, Noa Zulman. the homeless and the elderly are those that will be most severely affected education workforce. Though we are living through alternative medicine practitioners, anxiety clinics ,depression clinics professionals. The new Political, Re- ligious, Moral, social and Economic but now I can say all the way to she was to the AIDS community. It’s by the spread of the virus. They are uncertain times, we have hope. Mutual and mental hospitals. They also re- Leaders are the old world mentally ill Australia. That it has reached the women like Nora who deserve Culture / 16 Artists: Claire Ollivain, Sophia also those most impacted by the vein aid groups have been set up across ceived psychotherapy, mental illness people college students means even more to me. They’ve only known HIV/ the spotlight. Again, many thanks for sharing Perez, Karen Tengan Okuda. of neoliberalism that receives near Sydney as those with time, age, or drugs, anti psychotic drugs, anxiety The new March 2020 Political, Creative / 19 bipartisan support within the Federal Government. health on their side help strangers. It is this spirit of collectivism and solidarity tranquillisers, prozac, mind altering drugs, electroconvulsive therapy, Religious, Moral and Economic Leaders talk exactly like the old time AIDS as a chronic disease, not as the terrifying pandemic of the early my book and the women in it who have made such a difference. Cover artist: Alex Mcleay The economic effects of our current which will get us through this crisis, and days. I know your article will help SRC / 20 Back cover artist: situation spell a future of uncertainty for many. The loss of work will hit this spirit which will help us in building a more just world. Benzodiazepines drugs, sickness benefits, invalid pensions, disability abnormal mentally ill people always did before 2020 . them understand what a strange and - Victoria Noe Emily Thompson support pensions, age pensions, va- Do the political, religious, moral, frightening time it was - not unlike Comedy / 23 Australia’s casual workforce, many of whom are students, particularly hard. lium, lithium drugs, and social and economic leaders get clas- the present. I’m particularly pleased These are the same people who, living mental illness labelling.Political sified as abnormal mentally ill nuts? that you focused on Nora Burns. My paycheck to paycheck, are unable to Yours, Leaders talk about these abnormal Do they need mental health profes- prepare for extended periods of social Honi Soit mentally ill people as nuts, and need sionals? distancing. mental health professionals. Nudes, declarations of affection and hate mail may be Yours Maternally, Disclaimer: Honi Soit is published by the Students’ Representative Council, University of Sydney, Level 1 Wentworth Building, City Road, University of Sydney NSW 2006. The SRC’s - Jane Mary Wallace sent to: editors@honisoit.com operation costs, space and administrative support are financed by the University of Sydney. Honi Soit is printed under the auspices of the SRC’s directors of student publications: Maia Edge, Peiqing Fan, Nina Mountford, Roisin Murphy, Mikaela Pappou and Maxim Vishney. All expressions are published on the basis that they are not to be regarded as the opinions of the SRC unless specifically stated. The Council accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of any of the opinions or information contained within this newspaper, nor does it endorse any of the advertisements and insertions. Please direct all advertising inquiries to publications.manager@src.usyd.edu.au. What’s on this week Weekly Write, create For those not watching livestreamed DJ sets! Machiavellian Mike Apologies to those with a bad getting very cosy before they were What’s not on this week case of FOMO - it seems we might forced to bid adieu to one another. Those of us who were around in have missed a pretty stellar event One USyd Rants post claimed that and produce Being incredibly irritating on social media Day of Action for Workers’ Livelihoods Day of the Unborn Child 2018 will remember the ill-fated in our last What’s On section. A there had been a lock-in drinking When: For the foreseeable future (exactly 100 votes) USU Board source has informed us that around night before the closure, and Paul’s When: 27th March When: Never campaign of one Mike Mao. 45 people attended a ‘CoronaFest’ boys were released back to the rest Where: All social media platforms Where: Everywhere Where: Nowhere People may also remember that he party last weekend, which was of the uni population. Lucky us! Price: Free Price: Free Price: Nothing goes by Magic Mike Mao…That’s right, he thinks he can dance like Channing Tatum (he can’t) and he hosted by 3rd year Med students. Those who attended were told to dress as if they were sick or in Congratulations, you played yourselves for Honi Soit Wow! Are you working from home? And social May 1st Movement has called for (an appropriately Fear not, brethren! Abortion is not the almighty distanced) day of action. Why? Because working gave himself his own alliterative quarantine. The drink of choice for Interested in reporting or distancing? How fun for you! I am really enjoying evil we thought it to be. It is in fact God’s will, nickname. We don’t think it’s the night was - and you’ll never guess Our good friends over at the your constant instagram updates. No really, you people are being thoroughly fucked over by our his almighty means of protecting the innocent making art for Australia’s particularly fitting though, and so it - Corona. Nice to know we have Catholic Society have issued a should post more. Maybe even something on government’s response to COVID-19. Take a unborn from COVID-19. Rejoice, and be we bestow “Machiavellian Mike” an influx of medical practitioners statement condemning us for being only remaining weekly Twitter! hard-earned break from virtue signalling your self- thankful. upon him after it was brought to our who will refer to themselves as “the “anti-Semitic,” over an image student newspaper? Email isolation routine and support those on the front- attention that he had been selling fun doctor” coming in a few years’ which actually made fun of anti- us at editors@honisoit.com lines of the pandemic. protective masks at a huge mark time. Semitism. The irony? In doing so, or message us over on our up price. Whilst he has since taken they messed up their syntax and down the post, one ghost of stupol Release the hounds seemingly endorsed the actually Facebook, Twitter or Instagram past told Who? Weekly that they anti-Semitic fiction that the Jews pages. think the masks were being sold for Another source let us know did kill Jesus. The direct quote from something like $10 per mask, and that Pauls boys have been using their statement is below: “This that he had a minimum quantity per their time productively before their image falsely suggests that the transaction. college was once more #cancelled. Sydney University Catholic Society We’ve heard rumours of last minute advocates for the attack on the Our future doctors “hazing” targeting first years and Jewish community for killing Jesus, raucous drinking with the boys our absolute boy.” 2 3
NEWS COVID-19 public health alert issued for event held at USyd investigating lecturer after racist rant USYD Angad Roy reports. In a recording uploaded to Facebook page “USyd Rants 2.0,” Phill Horne, about the supposed administrative issues regarding the University-wide ceasing rant, saying that “these comments not only hurt Chinese students in wildlife alone.” Lara Sonnenschein reports. When asked about the matter, a a lecturer in ‘Project Scope, Time of face-to-face classes, Mr. Horne’s rant the immediate University of Sydney University spokesperson said, “we are A New South Wales public health alert coronavirus at an event at a Sydney considered a close contact and must Queensland (UQ) rugby teams. and Cost Management,’ a civil went on a peculiar tangent. community, but also perpetuate aware of the video and are investigating. has been issued for an event held on University Football Ground function immediately self isolate for 14 days. It is unclear whether the person engineering subject, is heard engaging He said that the consumption of problematic right-wing talking points, campus on Saturday 14 March. room from 7.30pm to 10.30pm, The event included the University diagnosed is a USyd student. The health and welfare of our staff, in a Sinophobic rant about the current “wild Indigenous animals [such as] a which blames ordinary Chinese people Due to a confirmed case of the everyone who attended the event is of Sydney (USyd) and University of students and community remains our COVID-19 situation and its origins. tiger, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, cat of for this crisis.” highest priority. If any of our students Horne said, “we’re all going to get any form or sort, pandolin or a bat” had Horne also commented briefly on the University to suspend face-to-face teaching paid but you know, we’re not going to no scientific benefits for sexual prowess. genetics of penis size, suggesting “if you have been affected by this video, we achieve our deliverables. So who knows This claim had no relevance to the have a small penis, that’s what you got. urge them to call our helpline on 1900 what’s gonna happen. So interesting content of Mr. Horne’s class. Accept it. You’re either born with one, 793 457.” Lara Sonnenschein and Robbie Mason report. times ahead.” After voicing his concerns The SRC condemned Mr. Horne’s or you’re not. Tough luck. Leave our In the wake of a University of Sydney In an email to staff, Vice-Chancellor staff to support them in dealing with the to Michael Spence calling on the (USyd) student being diagnosed with Michael Spence reports: “For units impacts of COVID-19.” University to close has almost 5000 大学就一位教师的种族歧视言论展开调查 COVID-19 and rising concerns about of study with labs, studios and other Facilities, including libraries, signatures. the coronavirus across New South practical course components, online computer labs, research and study This week has already seen the Wales, USyd is set to cease face-to-face or remote arrangements will be put in spaces will remain open to students and Students’ Representative Council teaching on campus on Monday 23 place or will be suspended to later in staff while increased cleaning protocols (SRC) cease in person appointments, March. the semester, or the year.” But “some continue. the University of Sydney Union (USU) Angad Roy 报道/ Zhiquan Gan 翻译 With many USyd classes already clinical placements and workshops will The decision follows weeks of cancel revues, and the unprecedented online, the Crisis Management go ahead.” As of yet, it is unclear which uncertainty regarding campus and shift to an online election in May for 在一份最新被上传到“USyd Rants 2.0” 尼大学停止面授课程以及相关行政问 SRC谴责了Horne的言论,并评论 霉呢。不要妄想通过食用野生动物达 Committee at the University has placements and workshops these are. the coronavirus, alongside increased new Student Directors. Facebook的录音中,土木工程学科 “ 题的忧虑后,Horne的抱怨转向了奇 道:“这些评论不仅伤害了悉尼大学里 到壮阳的目的。” officially announced that the university The email continues: “in addition student pressure on the University to 项目范围,时间和成本管理” 的讲师 怪的方面。 的中国学生,而且其展现了其根生蒂 当被问及此事时,大学的一位发言 will accelerate this move with this fixed to normal leave entitlements up to 10 shut down. At the time of publishing, Phill Horne被指控为发表了对于近期 他说,食用“野生土著动物(例如 固的右翼观点,这将普通的中国人归 人说:“我们注意到了该视频并正在调 date. days special leave will be available to a student petition to Vice-Chancellor 新型冠状病毒起源的涉华侮辱性言 老虎,河马,犀牛,任何形种类的 咎于这场危机的起因。” 查。我们的员工,学生和乃至整个大 论。Horne说:“我们都将付出代价, 猫,以及穿山甲或蝙蝠”)对性能力的 Horne还从遗传学的角度对阴茎大 学社区的健康和尊严仍然是我们的重 USU moves elections online, cancels revues citing 但你知道,我们将不会实现我们的目 标成就。所以谁知道会发生什么。这 将非常有趣。”在就他表达了对整个悉 提升没有任何科学层面上的帮助。该 言论被认为与Horne先生的课程内容 没有关联。 小作了简短评论,并指出“如果你的阴 茎很小,那就是你命中注定的。这是 天生的,你必须接受现状。谁叫你倒 中之重。如果我们中的任何学生受到 此视频的冒犯,我们敦促他们致电我 们的求助热线 1900 793 457。” COVID-19 Matthew Forbes reports. The University of Sydney Union (USU) has shared its official response regarding USU’s campus food and drink outlets. Staff at these outlets will be expected is “communicating with Club Execs to discourage gatherings.” Engo Grill, Mallett St Cafe and Deck Cafe will be closed from March 23. SRC 回应针对新型冠状病毒的忧虑 the COVID-19 pandemic and what has to stay on, coming in contact with Other cancellations include those Additionally, Fisher Kiosk will shutter Robbie Mason 报道/ Lei Yao 翻译 been affected in its wake. potentially large numbers of persons in made to the Easters and Australs its doors on weekends. In a statement made by President their work. Debating tournaments and their trials, The USU has promised to keep the 在今天早上与工作人员举行会议之 为此提供了支持。允许刷卡访问的人 少或者不被支付假期工资,无论是由 状病毒。本周有几个团体将会议移动 Connor Wherrett, the USU has declared The USU has also announced that as well as the SSAF-funded Know Your Queer, Ethno-Cultural and Wom*n’s 后,学生代表理事会(SRC)主席 员,包括学生办公人员,Honi Soit 编 于轮班减少,队列减少/班级减少, 到了线上。 it will “scale down our face to face casual staff will be allowed paid sick leave Rights and Racism Sux campaigns and Rooms open, as well as the Incubate Liam Donohoe 宣布,由于COVID-19 辑和执行人员,将被允许进入大楼, 隔离,以后的停机,还是介于两者之 Donohoe 已经组建了COVID-19响 campus operations as far as possible, if they are required to self-isolate or are the 2020 Palladian Cup. Hub, which will operate ‘remotely’. 疫情的威胁,SRC将暂时关闭。悉尼 但前门将不继续对公众开放。 间的任何事情。” 应小组,并计划在周五对情况进行正 while endeavouring to deliver as many diagnosed with COVID-19, though this Numerous USU-associated locations Wherrett’s statement stated the 大学已有学生感染COVID-19,第一 Donohoe 发誓要“加入美国国家 作为学生行动主义和抗议准备活动 式审查。 of our services online as is feasible in will be capped at 10 working days. But across campus will shut their doors in USU will use the coming months as 例病例已被证实。 高等教育联盟(National Terrary 的中心,围绕基层抗议组织的可行性 由于对冠状病毒的担忧,SRC于今 the short term.” that cap could leave many staff without the coming days, including tomorrow’s “an opportunity to rebuild, refocus 学生与案例研究人员或法律人员之 Education Union)的USYD分支,要 仍然存在一些问题。 SRC召集的反对 年初短暂关闭。 An online voting system is coverage if they are diagnosed. The closure of the International Student and reimagine what we provide to the 间的亲临访问和咨询将暂时中止,但 求包括雇主大学和悉尼大学联盟在内 种族主义自治集体组织取消了针对印 还有更多新闻将在之后披露。 “reluctantly” planned to be implemented World Health Organisation estimates Lounge (ISL). student community.” 可以通过电话或Skype与员工联系。强 的所有雇主确保所有员工(包括临时 度法西斯主义的抗议活动,该抗议活 for the union’s 2020 Board Elections, it to take 2 weeks to recover from mild Furthermore, the ISL Student Info Similarly, the university asked for all 烈鼓励所有SRC员工在家中工作,并 工)都不会因COVID-19爆发工资减 动原定于上周日举行,原因是担心冠 which must take place in May as per the variants of the virus, but 3-6 weeks to Hub in Wentworth and Manning House SSAF contestable projects, including USU Constitution. recover from more serious cases. Student Info Hub will also be closed the Know your Rights and Racism Sux The decision is controversial given it Aside from its internal operations, from tomorrow, effectively wiping campaigns, to be put on hold. Whilst 悉尼大学学联(USU)因新型冠状病毒,将进行 was made without a vote by the USU the USU’s course of action in response out all opportunities for face-to-face the SRC responded that they were Board. Previous online elections at to this outbreak will see a devastating assistance from the USU. “certainly disappointed with this freeze, USyd have resulted in allegations of blow to campus culture and student life. Both Manning Bar and Hermann’s and shocked by the abruptness of the election breaches and cheating, and One of the most significant measures Bar will cease day trade and gigs from decision”, President Liam Donohoe stacking of votes. A trial period for working from home arrangements for some of the Union’s the USU has taken is the cancellation of all 2020 revues. This presumably includes faculty revues, which are next Monday. The USYD Store at Jane Foss Russell Building will remain open, while the store in Holme Building will emphasised that their financial situation was stable, meaning that all staff, office bearer stipends, and department funding 线上换届选举,并取消戏剧节 staff will start tomorrow (March 17), traditionally held in August. be shut. should remain unaffected. Matthew Forbes 报道/ Zhiquan Gan 翻译 and is likely to become the “dominant Furthermore, the Union has asked While USU food outlets such as Nonetheless, with the University mode of work” for staff from next that all events hosted by Clubs and Courtyard Restaurant & Bar and preparing for the possibility of a 悉尼大学学联(USU)发布了了有关 但是重要的是,这将不包括在USU 括每个学院的戏剧节,从往年传统上 Hermann’s Bar 将停止日间营运和演 Monday (March 23). Societies be cancelled, echoing the Carslaw Kitchen, as well as the temporary campus closure, it is clear COVID-19大流行及其影响的官方回 校园食品和饮料商店雇用的临时人 来说是在八月举行。 出。Jane Foss Russell Building 中的悉 Importantly however, this will not sentiments of Vice-Chancellor Michael food courts in Manning House and that student life this semester will not 应。 员。预计这些工作点的员工会留下 此外,学联要求取消俱乐部和社团 尼大学纪念品商店将继续营业,而其 include casual staff employed at the Spence in an email sent last Friday, and Wentworth Building, will remain open, operate as usual. 在USU主席Connor Wherrett的声明 来,并与潜在的大量相关工作人员接 组织的所有活动,同时在上周五发送 在 Holme Building 的店面将关闭。 中,USU宣布“将尽可能缩小线下校园 触。 的电子邮件中回应了副校长 Michael 虽然学联的餐厅,如 Courtyard SRC responds to COVID-19 fears 运营的规模,同时尽最大努力在短期 USU还宣布,如果临时员工要求 Spence 的观点,并与社团理事们进行 Restaurant&Bar 和 Carslaw Kitchen 内提供尽可能多的线上服务”。 自我隔离或被诊断出患有新型冠状 沟通以阻止聚会。 以及 Manning House 和 Wentworth 像往年一样,根据悉尼大学学联章 病毒,则将为其提供带薪休假,尽管 其他取消的校园活动包括复活节和 Building 将保持开放,但 Engo Robbie Mason reports. 程,在5月为了学联2020年董事会选 此休假时长被限制在10个工作日内。 澳大利亚辩论锦标赛,以及由每个学 Grill,Mallett St Cafe 和 Deck Cafe 将 Following a meeting with staff this but staff will be accessible via phone or Education Union in demanding that all grassroots organisation of protests. The 举,一个线上投票系统将被“不情愿” 但是,如果员工不幸被诊断出新型冠 生缴纳的服务和设施费(SSAF)所资 从3月23日起关闭。此外,Fisher 图书 morning, Students’ Representative Skype. All SRC staff have been strongly employers, including the University and SRC-convened Autonomous Collective 的提出并付实践。 状病毒,许多员工的休假时长将超过 助的“Know Your Rights”和 “Racism 馆的售货亭将在周末关闭。 Council (SRC) President Liam encouraged to work from home, for University of Sydney Union, ensure Against Racism cancelled a protest 鉴于该决定是由学联理事会未经 10个工作日,他们将无法获得带薪休 Sux” 活动以及2020年帕拉第奥杯。 学联承诺将保持 Queer,Ethno- Donohoe announced that the SRC will which support has been provided. that no employee (including casuals) against fascism in India, scheduled for 表决而作出的,因此具有一定的争议 假。世界卫生组织估计,从较轻度病 在未来几天,校园内与学联有关的 Cultural 和 Wom * n 的房间以及 temporarily close due to the threat of Those with swipe card access, including ends up with less pay or leave due to the last Sunday, over coronavirus fears. 性。此前在悉尼大学进行的线上选举 毒中恢复需要2周,而从较严重的病 许多地点都将关闭,包括在明天关闭 Incubate Hub 的开放状态,该中心将“ COVID-19 outbreaks. The first case student office bearers, Honi Soit editors COVID-19 outbreak, whether as a result Several collectives have moved meetings 中已经有候选人因违反选举章程以及 毒中恢复则需要3-6周。 国际学生休息室(ISL)。 远程”运营。 of a University of Sydney student and members of the Executive, will be of less shifts, smaller cohorts / less online this week. 作弊刷票而被指控。 除了内部运作之外,USU为应对这 此外,Wentworth 的 ISL 学生信息 Wherrett声明说,学联将视接下来 contracting COVID-19 was confirmed allowed to enter the building, but the classes, quarantining, future shutdowns, Donohoe has formed a COVID-19 为学联一些工作人员而安排的在家 次疫情而采取的行动方案还将给校园 中心和 Manning House 学生信息中心 的几个月中为“重建,聚焦和重新构想 yesterday. front door will be locked to the general or anything in between.” response team, with a formal review of 工作的试用期将于明天(3月17日) 文化和学生生活带来毁灭性的影响。 也将从明天起关闭,取消了所有USU 我们为学生社区提供服务的机会。” In-person visits and consultations public. As a hub for student activism and the situation also planned for Friday. 开始,很可能从下周一(3月23日) USU采取的最重要措施之一是取消 提供面对面援助的机会。 between students and casework or legal Donohoe has vowed to “join the protest preparations, some questions The SRC closed briefly earlier this 开始成为工作人员的主要工作方式。 所有2020年的校园戏剧节。这大概囊 从下周一开始,Manning Bar 和 staff will be temporarily suspended, USyd branch of the National Tertiary remain surrounding the feasibility of the year over coronavirus fears. 4 5
ANALYSIS ANALYSIS A numbers game: What university rankings don’t tell Bullshit: Truth under assault you about the student experience Juliette Marchant tries to sort the facts from the crap. Human beings are storytelling animals. and to sense that authority is now, more the early hours of the 16th of March. click and share material. It is the content We attempt to make sense of the world than ever, built on the foundations of From a self-isolated studio, 78 year- that gets billions of hits and millions of Jeffrey Khoo on what university rankings conceal about campus life. around us, and our place within it, by charisma and blind persuasion. But old talk-back radio host Alan Jones retweets because we share it in the hope A couple of weeks ago, the University and prevent academics from voting for towards “graduate employability” at of universities substantially shifting out subconsciously constructing narratives what is most deeply disturbing (not stated that “We now seem to be facing that others will confirm our fury. At a of Sydney proudly announced that 31 of their own university. However, crit- universities is pushed by employers, not resources towards research, awards and that are cogent with our own beliefs and to mention profoundly dangerous) is the health version of global warming. time when people are literally divided, its subjects were ranked in the top 50 ics argue that QS and THE assign too students, reflecting a growing and divi- income-generation, which is acceptable biases. However, this process, wherein that in the wake of the global spread of Exaggeration in almost everything. we find unity in our common opinions, in the world. According to the QS 2020 much importance on an essentially sub- sive trend of corporatisation at univer- in itself, though not at the expense of we form our own version of ‘the truth’ COVID-19, bullshit narratives appear Certainly in description, and certainly and those common opinions are usually from the assortment of discourse that to hold as much currency as a 12-pack in behaviour.” It is timely to note that rooted in revulsion. Subject Rankings, USyd placed 4th in jective measure of sentiment within the sities. teaching. surrounds us, often ends up revealing of toilet rolls. the famed climate change denialist, We have been told time and time the world for sport and physical therapy, academic community. Secondly, subjective measures such So how can we fully capture students’ more about the person that constructed In his address to the United States along with almost half of his listeners, again to seek the advice and opinions 13th for law and 1st in Australia (and in Recent citations, a proxy for an in- as teaching reputation surveys, espe- experiences or improve existing meth- the story, than the event or issue that concerning COVID-19, and much of are in the age category most at risk of of medical professionals, but the reality the top 20 globally) for performing arts. stitution’s research impact, make up cially from the providers and not the odologies? The most obvious answer is they intended to detail. But in times of his recent Twitter content, President death from COVID-19. is that our updates on COVID-19 are University rankings are closely 30% of THE and 20% of QS rank- recipients of such teaching, are likely to include concrete graduate outcomes global turmoil and crisis, wherein over Donald Trump blatantly ignored the These three men are no strangers being fed to us second-hand through watched by the media and the tertiary ings. QS also includes research income biased towards larger and more estab- and direct surveys of the student body, 7.7 billion people are attempting to wills of the World Health Organisation, to bullshit. Trump has produced more the mouths of politicians, radio jockeys, education sector. They condense the from grants and industry (8.5% in to- lished universities, as their work is more weighting these components heavily. narrativise the present in simultaneity, denoting the pandemic as the ‘Chinese alternative than real facts since entering journalists, television presenters and vague notion of a university’s quality tal), while ARWU evaluates how many visible, meaning that smaller universi- Student surveys will still be subjective there is a singular narrative that Virus.’ This linguistic choice has served the White House in 2017, Morrison is celebrities on social media. Although we into a nice, neat, comparable number. highly-cited staff (20%) and papers ties producing quality output can find it to an extent, but considering the large inevitably prevails; bullshit. as a justification for countless narratives still coming to terms with the reality would like to assume that people with a And a good rank is an attractive selling published in high-profile journals Na- hard to get recognised. Citations - with sample size and the critical financial In 1986, Princeton philosopher of hate, centred around xenophobic of travel bans preventing his ability to platform at this time are well informed, point to employers, students and poten- ture and Science (20%) a university has, all the vagaries and uncertainties of pub- stake students have in universities, they Harry Frankfurt published an academic racial profiling that inextricably attaches flee this crisis and go to Hawaii, and we are still storytelling animals, and tial sources of research funding. in addition to general citations (20%). lishing in journals - can also be similarly must be taken seriously to encourage paper titled ‘On Bullshit’, wherein the lethal virus to its place of origin, and Jones, the so-called ‘controversial in view of this, we embellish, and However, a closer look at leading uni- This is the starkest illustration of these biased. In particular, ARWU includes universities to invest in quality teach- he outlined the quiddity of a term Asian identity more broadly. However, conservative,’ has been so overtly racist, sometimes even avoid the truth, to versity rankings reveals that they tend rankings’ research-heavy focus. as criteria the number of alumni (10%) ing, facilities and resources, and make that is so ubiquitous in contemporary when faced with facts concerning sexist and ignorant on radio that the only attract clicks, likes and shares. discourse that we tend to ignore its a spike in racially-targeted violence thing that is consistently conservative Thus, although we have been quick to ignore criteria which are most rele- Unfortunately for students, none and staff (20%) with Nobel Prizes or policy decisions in the best interests of substance. His theory, centred around following his use of the alternative title, in his arguments is the supply of facts to assign the title of the ‘post-truth age’ vant and pressing to students, such as of the main rankings involve student Fields Medals, resulting in a ranking students. a simple dichotomy, separated liars Trump claimed that his continued use to substantiate them. As such, we have to this present era of communicative teaching quality, overall student experi- surveys. They include, as proxies for which focuses on prestige at the top of The Commonwealth Government from bullshitters by noting that “the of the term was ‘not racist, not at all, grown used to taking many of their abundance, what is in jeopardy at this ence and graduate outcomes. teaching, staff-to-student ratios, inter- the bell curve and which does not neces- recently released the results of the Stu- liar cares about the truth and attempts [the virus] comes from China, that’s comments with a grain of salt, because time is not the existence of truth, but The three most high-profile univer- national staff and student numbers and sarily translate into positive results for dent Experience Survey for 2019, reveal- to hide it; [whilst] the bullshitter doesn’t why.’ Mere days later, our own Prime whilst genuinely meaningless discourse trust. sity rankings are the QS World Uni- staff with PhDs. the vast majority of students who do not ing that USyd students were the sec- care if what they say is true or false, but Minister, Scott Morrison, responded to may be frustrating, it usually isn’t taken Frankfurt did not propose the versity Rankings (QS), Times Higher These flawed methodologies lead receive instruction or supervision from ond-least satisfied in Australia (behind rather only cares whether their listener the current Australian supermarket crisis seriously for all that long. Why then, in theory of bullshit merely because Education World University Rank- to four main problems for students. these laureates. UNSW, largely due to their unpopular is persuaded”. Thus, the most definitive by taking on the strategy of a primary- the midst of one of the most significant of a vocational bent to provide a ings (THE) and Academic Ranking of Firstly, they essentially ignore issues of Thirdly, even if rankings are ex- trimester system). And rankings such attribute of bullshit, Frankfurt decides, school teacher with a nationalist bent; global health crises in recent history, philosophical essence to that which is World Universities (ARWU). Each sys- student satisfaction with teaching and plicitly research-focused, the problem as the THE University Impact Rank- is a complete disregard for the truth. convincing the population that sharing does this attitude change? unimportant. The theory of bullshit is tem also publishes separate lists for sub- overall campus experience, and substi- arises when they are so high-profile and ings, which measure universities’ re- In view of this, it would not be a is caring by painting the act of hoarding Now is a period defined by two forged on the foundations of the need ject areas and geographical regions, as tute easily ascertainable data on labour used simplistically by media and uni- search priorities and impact against the stretch to propose that Frankfurt’s as ‘ridiculous’, and perhaps more significant forces; great uncertainty to question ideas that are posed to us, well as more tailored measures regard- market outcomes of graduates - such versities alike to compare institutions UN Sustainable Development Goals, theory seems almost proleptically importantly, ‘un-Australian.’ and media noise. Both are parasitic and what better time is there to ask ing, for example, graduate employability as employment rates, income or pro- and, critically, attract students. Most might more accurately reflect a univer- respondent to our current political But perhaps the most insidious organisms that not only feed off each questions than now? or young universities. Their methodol- motions per profession or industry - students at most universities are un- sity’s contribution to social progress and climate. One need only look as far bullshit that has emerged from the other, but are sustained by a sense of as the White House to see a political Corona crisis so far, is that which anxiety and hysteria. This is where ogies suffer from two main misidentifi- with subjective employer surveys. QS’ dergraduate coursework students, for global issues that students care about. model hinged on the capital of bullshit, penetrated the Australian airwaves in bullshit comes in. Bullshit is the perfect cation problems: firstly, an unbalanced Graduate Employability Rankings (un- whom the research function of their The headline numbers tell a differ- emphasis on research; and secondly, an der which USyd ranked 5th globally in university is largely unseen and bears ent story to what is happening on the This stimulus fails students over-reliance on subjective metrics. 2019) consider employer surveys (30%), little personal relevance to the content ground, in classrooms and on campus, 40% of a university’s QS ranking is prevalence of high-profile alumni (25%), they learn, the skills they acquire and leaving student voices ignored and un- based on a university’s reputation among industry partnerships in placements and the quality of education they receive. accounted for. Ultimately, regardless academics. Academics are surveyed an- research (25%) and frequency of em- For a recent high-school leaver tossing of whether a university is research- or Finola Laughren argues Morrison’s stimulus fails to recognise that most students are workers. nually on which institutions they be- ployer visits to universities, framed as up their options, these rankings are teaching-focused, students are the main lieve represent the best in teaching and “employer-student connections” (10%), ill-suited to judge whether their future source of revenue for the sector - and As I sit at home studying during the deny students economic security in university fees remain unchanged and How does(n’t) the stimulus research in their field. THE, similarly, with only 10% allocated to graduate course — the educational environment are impacted the hardest by ill-thought- coronavirus crisis because I can’t go this period of radical uncertainty. it is once again students who are at a affect students? gives teaching and research surveys a employment rates. Not only is this an and the concrete value of the skills and out decisions. They should be front and into university, I hear Scott Morrison’s Students who are on Youth loss. combined weight of 34.5%. Granted, imprecise assessment of how well a par- qualifications gained — is one of the centre in this public forum. voice. His latest announcement is that Allowance (excluding those on The potential impacts of this Coronavirus Supplement these surveys encompass a fair amount ticular degree prepares students for the best in the world. And finally, focusing select welfare recipients will be given Youth Allowance for Job Seekers), crisis on student welfare are hard Students on Youth Allowance of academics across locations and fields, real world, it indicates that the move too intently on rankings runs the danger an additional $550 per fortnight for Austudy or ABStudy will not receive to overstate. The instability of the won’t receive the “Coronavirus the next 6 months, bringing the total the additional payment support. The coronavirus inherently generates Supplement” that will temporarily fortnightly payment per recipient to very term ‘student’ has been used anxiety about the future. Add to double the JobSeeker (formerly above $1,000. With industry grinding to obscure the fact that, except for a this a government that refuses to NewStart payments). to a halt and the economic burden minority who receive private financial provide security and you are left with already being felt most viciously support, students are workers who students who are feeling physically Some students might be able to by precarious workers (who make study. and mentally exhausted, and unable transfer onto JobSeeker instead, up a staggering 40% of Australia’s Let’s think about what exclusion to focus on their studies. but the supplement won’t start for workforce) my initial reaction is from this stimulus package means What students need now more more than a month (27 April) and relief. A closer look at this second for most students. Students are much than ever is security. The government will have to comply with rigorous stimulus package, however, reveals more likely to work in insecure, casual should take this opportunity to job seeking requirements to more of the same pro-capital agenda jobs, due to the competing demands of provide us with assurance that we are keep the payment. that the Federal Government has study, and a lack of qualifications. If, valued, and that our education still been peddling since their first day because of this crisis, a student is let matters. The most obvious way to do One-off stimulus in parliament, and it’s not good for go from their insecure employment, this would be to double its woefully Students on Youth Allowance students. they will not receive any government low student payment schemes. will be eligible for the $750 one- I could wax lyrical about the support. The government has not They could also offer free university off supplement, to be paid out billions of dollars the government ensured that employers of students throughout this period or significantly on 31 March. Another payment is directly and indirectly handing have any responsibility to support decrease student fees, but they have will be paid out in July, but over to the big banks (who by all them either. This means that the chosen not to. only if you haven’t received the accounts should still be reeling from most that students like me will have In the absence of student support “Coronavirus Supplement.” reputational damage caused by the left to survive on is $300 (including from the government, the same banking royal commission) to prop the rental assistance payment) per old message is loud and clear – if HECS up the financial system, but I won’t. week. This is before rent, which at we cannot afford to study without The government hasn’t What I want to focus on is the unjust a conservative estimate costs Sydney working then we are not deserving of announced any changes to fees binary the government has drawn students at least $200 per week. In the ‘privilege’ of tertiary education. or payment of HECS debts. New South Wales universities ranked according to the student experience. Data from the 2019 Student Experience Survey. between students and workers, and the context of a necessary transition the way this has been deployed to from face-to-face to online learning, 6 7
OPINION OPINION Christchurch changed nothing We need more law student activists Daanyal Saeed reflects on the material impacts of last year’s tragedy. Deaundre Espejo thinks law students need to get involved in social movements. We amble our way through the world, change; that it would be different now. people — built upon (an obviously from our faith. Any public response to Social movements have been instrumen- doctrinal mindset. We spend most of Hill Walk Off - and a subsequent string homelessness in Aboriginal populations life punctured with world events that Why then, are my Twitter mentions problematic) notion that this nation the contrary invites a revocation of your tal in shaping our legal landscape. Yet our degree focusing on vocational skills, of legislative reform. The judgement in altogether. have meaning to us. I’m Victorian, filled with neo-Nazis, more emboldened was settled in a similar vein to America, right to Australian identity, even if it it seems that the word “activism” has learning to extract legal principles from the Tasmania Dam case, which enabled Secondly, there is only so much we so my life’s progress is measured, like than ever? Why is it that we have seen an with the aim of freedom of religious is so mild as to simply reject the basis become a dirty word in the law student court decisions and applying them to the Federal Parliament to give effect can do by simply changing the law. It a metronome, by AFL Grand Finals uptick in Islamophobic hate crimes, even pursuit. Therefore, the idea that we for Western neo-imperialism, or one’s community. For those in the legal field, hypothetical scenarios, leaving very to Australia’s international treaties, is not possible to achieve structural and Boxing Day Tests. I also grew up after Christchurch made it unpalatable can be so explicitly Islamophobic relation to fundamentalists on the other activism is often perceived to be an un- little room to meaningfully discuss was handed down after a blockade by change through a top-down mandate, Muslim in the West at the turn of the for even One Nation to go on the attack (as if White Australia didn’t prohibit side of the world. To be with us was productive pursuit, with community policy considerations or normative environmental activists and the Hawke as entrenched practices do not easily century — and this has a very particular against Muslim communities? How Muslim immigration) is at odds with to be progressive, and to be against us and pro bono work or law reform con- arguments. In other words, we examine government promising to stop the lend themselves to codification and meaning to diaspora Muslims; even is it that neo-Nazism is alive and well our idealistic construction of Australian was not. Such a fundamentally flawed sidered the primary means of change. what the law is, but rarely what the construction of the Franklin Dam. statutory restrictions. Instead, it requires more so to those who are visibly Muslim. on campus, an arena that supposedly identity. It is an ideological dance we binary model of identity results in what I think that we need to reconsider this law should be. While this equips What, then, should we do as aspiring concerted and consistent efforts by It means our lives are punctuated by suffocates free speech with the vice- are forced into with every Breivik or we saw a year ago on Channel Ten — rigid view of the relationship between students with practical and technical lawyers to meaningfully contribute citizens, government and corporations altogether more sombre events and grip of the do-gooder left? Why am I Tarrant or Jones in this country, and the Prime Minister, presented with a law, politics, and activism. Ultimately, skills, it restricts us from asking critical to social change? Pro bono and to transform our political culture and we live in constant anticipation of the still on edge, waiting for the next brown it is rooted in the imperialism Western decade of Islamophobic behaviour in next, bracing ourselves for the deluge of terrorist to shatter this façade of calm? governments so gleefully engage in. his ranks, sought not to address it but more law students and lawyers should questions about how the law interacts community legal work are an important effectuate such change. Recent efforts hatred that accompanies it. For those of It is because even in the face of We so deeply and so quickly politicised to run. He had little choice; commit be standing on the front lines of our so- with broader structures of gender, race, means of assisting people experiencing to ensure genuine compliance with us that are visibly marginalised, by way death, we never actually confronted the role that Muslims have to play in the grave political sin of throwing his cial movements. and class, and results in an arbitrary disadvantage and the organisations that existing environmental legislation, for of hijab or complexion, we have come Brenton Tarrant’s ideology as a nation. the West since the turn of the century colleagues under the bus in favour of While it is not within the scope of distinction between legal problems and support them. Further, participating in example, have all been obstructed by to terms with the idea that we don’t get When the Prime Minister was taken to that it became partisan — indeed, the bolstering his own leadership credentials this article to give a detailed account societal problems. law reform campaigns will allow you a lack of public and political will to jobs like white people, or that we date task on national television last year for Opposition opposed the decision to to a substantial portion of “moderate” of what activism means, I will address Further, the social and political to play a critical role in shaping the prioritise climate action. differently, or that we make less money. suggesting in 2011 that shadow Cabinet enter Iraq, and the government had no Australia, or otherwise admit that there two common misconceptions. Firstly, forces that have impacted legal development of law in Australia, and is This is not to undermine the Many of us in a millennial context have leverage anti-Muslim sentiment in majority in the Senate. There is little is a tension between acknowledging that activism consists only of public developments are invisible within the vital to ensuring that legislative changes importance of community legal work made our peace with that. We never the community, the Prime Minister question of how the War on Terror the humanity of Muslims and efficient demonstrations or civil disobedience. law school. We are cautioned against are backed by consultation and sound and law reform, but rather to say that make peace with the loathing; with our explicitly rejected addressing any fed off, encouraged and exacerbated conservative leadership in this country. While these do play an important excessive politicisation of the courts research. Many people choose to draw service, politics, and activism should categorisation as lesser-than. It is a point issue of historic Islamophobia in the Islamophobia in the West — this When we shove political issues into role, activism also encompasses acts and judicial activism, and are instructed the line here; indeed, there is a growing not be compartmentalised. Positioning of incandescent rage in the Muslim Government or his Party, and spoke much is clear and uncontroversial, partisan boxes, we devalue them. In of self-education, lifestyle choices, to read pages upon pages of landmark ideology within the legal community lawyers, judges, or legislators as the community that we never reconcile — instead at length about his personal whether it was propagated by Bush, devaluing the Muslim community in and conversation, all with a mind to court judgements completely devoid that favours such “practical” forms of primary agents of change ignores why won’t it just fucking stop? reputation in the western suburbs. While Blair or Howard. With unilateral action the War on Terror to a partisan “issue”, improving the system. Essentially, it’s of their historical contexts. This skews action over activism. However, I would valuable opportunities for movement March 15, 2019. Christchurch. ASIO warned of right wing extremism being taken in Australia to follow the we have failed them. We forfeited our about building a movement of people our collective perspective on the value argue the natural next step is activism building, tends to disempower 51 dead, and an outpouring of grief and white supremacy as the most United States into Iraq, there was little ability to substantively address the that care about a particular cause. of activism, leading many to believe for two reasons. affected communities, and makes any and support from voices I’d never heard, significant emerging threat to security opportunity for any degree of cross- Islamophobia we perpetuated for the Secondly, that activism exists in binary; that social movements have little to do Firstly, while community legal prospect of successful collective action unlike anything I’d ever known. Perhaps in Australia, we saw the responsible chamber or public resistance. Putting sake of neo-colonialist wars on the other you either devote all your time to it or with the law. On the contrary, many work can effectively solve individual impossible. it was the closeness, compounded Minister focusing on a confected aside that the rationales for Iraq were side of the world. When I ask myself you don’t do anything at all. Such a way doctrines that now define the Australian problems, one must go deeper in order Law students should aspire to be by the fact it was an Australian who threat of “left wing Islamist groups”; entirely confected of themselves, our why nothing feels any different since perpetuated it. There was no shock consistent with his turn away from the course of action in 2003 laid the path Christchurch, perhaps it’s because it is of thinking is prohibitive and makes legal system were responses to social to address broader systemic issues that more than neutral service providers. in the Muslim community — hatred specific demonization of Muslims he for the War to become a partisan issue, no longer possible to think differently, getting involved seem insurmountable. movements. produce such individual problems in the As gatekeepers of complex legal of us is well-documented. It has been engaged in pre-Christchurch, in favour and by extension the role that Muslims not as long as the War on Terror rages You can support and promote action The Mabo decision, which first place. This is precisely what activism knowledge, as future lawmakers and encouraged by our elected officials in of his newfound position as a culture have to play in this country, and in the on. on social issues while going about your overturned the long-standing legal purports to do. A pro bono lawyer will as administrators of justice, we hold the name of the fabled marketplace of warrior. War. day. fiction of terra nullius, was a pivotal be able to help an Aboriginal person important institutional power that can ideas, as long as I have known. After the It seems an uncomfortable We were forced into perpetual Law students’ aversion to activism moment in the Aboriginal land rights secure housing, whereas an Indigenous radically shape the outcomes of our attack, we were told the narrative would reconciliation for Australians; for white apologia, or otherwise, a distancing largely stems from the way we are movement. It came after decades of rights activist will be able to raise society. We should use that power to taught. Because of how curriculums protests by Aboriginal and Torres Strait public awareness about discrimination strengthen our social movements, and are structured, we tend to view the law Islander peoples beginning in the 60s - Aboriginal tenants face in the rental proactively fight for a more just society with an instrumental, technocratic and the Yirrkala Bark Petitions, the Wave market; the starting point for reducing alongside our fellow activists. Accessibility for everyone: COVID-19 and the power of moral imagination Noa Zulman reflects on the ways in which universities fail disabled students, and all students. When I first started university, as a concerning accessible education. debilitating social anxiety flares up just built to cater to the most vulnerable bright-eyed, bushy-tailed Arts student There were lecturers who refused to isn’t worth the suffering it would entail. amongst us. No longer is accessibility back in 2016, I did so with hopes that record lectures out of fear that their Of course, Disability Services exists to a fringe concern for a small number of my tertiary education would be a far intellectual property would be stolen, support disabled students in navigating students, but an urgent principle that more accessible experience than my course convenors who believed that this woefully inaccessible system. But we must enact if we wish to survive high school one had been. Gone were uploading class materials to Canvas what happens when everyone runs the coming months with minimal the stringencies of the HSC, with its would encourage laziness amongst the risk of falling ill? How are our interruptions to our education. archaic Special Provisions system and the cohort, and tutors who enforced educational institutions meant to cope I believe that the coronavirus rigid assessment methods that hadn’t mandatory attendance with an iron fist with widespread disease and panic, pandemic presents us with an changed since the 1950s. I imagined and very little clemency for those too ill when they can’t even cater to students opportunity to exercise our moral university to be a disabled student’s or too busy to attend. with on-going, well-documented imaginations — to cultivate empathy utopia: the freedom to choose my own For the most part, I bore the brunt medical conditions? for those of us who do not share courses (favouring those without exams, of these ableist policies alone, learning Such is the position we find the privileges of good health and of course!), design my own timetable, the precise words to include within a ourselves in with the recent outbreak of economic stability. To demand that our and adequate resources to support my Special Considerations application so COVID-19. As the University scrambles universities do better in redesigning learning needs. And yet, when I arrived that your chronic illness doesn’t cost to find online solutions to the novel their institutional policies, rather than on campus, I soon found that academic you a cool 25% of your grade when you challenges wrought by the coronavirus, simply slapping a band-aid on a wound life for disabled students was not as rosy happen to submit that English essay the cracks in its institutional design that has been weeping for decades. And as I had been led to believe by the shiny a few days late, mastering the art of become glaringly obvious. While we to envision what a truly just educational pamphlets distributed by my school’s sounding forceful – but not too forceful might laugh at the lag times on Zoom experience — one that caters to all career counsellor. – when you request that your Monday classrooms and the absurd alternatives students — looks like and to begin to What I discovered over the course morning, 8am psychology lecture is to assessments that some academics fight for it. After all, our lives might just of my four years at the University recorded, and occasionally cutting your have proposed, I believe that this crisis depend on it. of Sydney was a hodgepodge of losses and copping that Absent Fail exposes something far more pernicious contradictory policies and procedures because showing up to class when your about the Ivory Tower: that it was never 8 9
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