Gwyneth Paltrow, Celebrity Chefs and the Role of Influencers in Agriculture
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Issue 95 • Spring 2022
Gwyneth Paltrow, Celebrity
Chefs and the Role of
Influencers in Agriculture
p. 20 Setting up for
Success – Planting
Food-Grade Soybeans – Tips for High
Demystifying a Profitable Pea Yields
Opportunity for Manitoba p. 33
Farmers
p. 21 2021 Disease
Survey Results
p. 43
Spring Planning Priorities
for Soybeans and Pulses
p. 27
WE’RE NOT
DONE
UNTIL YOUR
WEEDS
ARE.
Our Performance Support Guarantee ensures it.
The Advanced Weed Control program from BASF is the definitive solution that helps growers manage the
toughest weed challenges with confidence. Because in addition to cleaner fields and resistance management,
our Performance Support Guarantee offers hassle-free support in the unlikely event of weed escapes1.
And for the first time ever, the program is now available for canola. To learn about the new innovations
we have in store for all crops in the 2022 season, visit agsolutions.ca/AdvancedWeedControl
or call AgSolutions® Customer Care at 1-877-371-BASF (2273).
• CL E A NE R F IE L DS
• R E S I STA NCE M A NA G E M E NT
• P E R F O R M A NCE SUP P O RT G UA R A NTE E
1
When recommended products are used up to labelled guidelines
Always read
Always readand
andfollow label
follow directions.
label directions.
AgSolutions and
AgSolutions is a CERTITUDE
registered trade-mark of BASF,
are registered used under
trade-marks license
of BASF; bySMOULDER
and BASF Canada
andInc. © 2022 are
VORAXOR BASF Canada Inc.
trade-marks of BASF;
all used under license by BASF Canada Inc. © 2021 BASF Canada Inc.
In This Issue
ON THE COVER PROFILE
20 Gwyneth Paltrow, Celebrity Chefs and 24 Alex Burgess – Lawyer and Farmer –
the Role of Influencers in Agriculture An MPSG director profile
21 Food-Grade Soybeans – Demystifying
Issue 95 • Spring 2022 RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION
a profitable opportunity for Manitoba
2 Soybean Scout
farmers
12 View from the Field – Weed Competition in
27 The Bean Report – Spring Planning
Soybeans
Priorities for Soybeans and Pulses
Publisher Manitoba Pulse & Soybean 26 National Pulse Research Strategy
33 Setting up for Success – Planting
Growers
tips for high pea yields 31 On-Farm Network – Your Fields, Your
Results Webinar Recap
Editor Toban Dyck
43 2021 Disease Survey Results
36 Minimizing Air Seeder Damage to
MPSG BUSINESS Field Peas
Associate Sandy Robinson MPSG
2 2022 AGM Summary 37 The Extremes of Moisture Initiative – An
Editors Laura Schmidt MPSG
2 2022 Committees and Representatives adventure in complex, interdisciplinary
Cassandra Tkachuk MPSG
3 Message from Board Chair problem solving
Design and Shannon Beddome-Lorenz 4 Message from Executive Director 39 Declining Sources of Resistance to
Production Imprint Media Services Inc. Phytophthora Root Rot in Soybeans and
ANNOUNCEMENTS How to Manage It
Manitoba Pulse & Soybean Growers thanks the 6 News from the Office 41 Insects in Pulse and Soybean Crops in
authors who have taken the time to contribute 8 Say Hello to MPSG’s 2022 On-Farm 2021 and Outlook for 2022
to this publication. Network Summer Students 42 View from the Field – Cool out? You may
8 MPSG’s 2021–2022 Scholarship Recipients need to slow your roll
Publications Mail Agreement #40016070
MARKET AND POLICY 46 Soybean Scout Answers
RETURN UNDELIVERABLE CANADIAN 13 Clancey’s Stats – 2021 drought results in 47 Quick Reference Guide: Soybean and
ADDRESSES TO: strong prices for pulses Pulse Seeding Tips
15 Reflections from the Summit– A view full 48 2021 Dry Bean Acres Map
Manitoba Pulse & Soybean Growers
of opportunity – Soy Canada 49 2021 Field Pea Acres Map
P. O. Box 1760, Carman, Manitoba R0G 0J0
16 Farmers Deserve a Seat at Sustainability 50 2021 Soybean Acres Map
204.745.6488 Fax 204.745.6213 Table– Grain Growers of Canada
CONNECTING
Email sandy@manitobapulse.ca 17 Pulses Benefit the Environment and the
9 Assiniboine Community College Sets
Economy – Pulse Canada
Pulse Beat is the official journal of and published Sights on Advancing Ag in Manitoba
by Manitoba Pulse & Soybean Growers (MPSG) TECHNOLOGY 10 A Farm-to-Plate Partnership
– a farmer organization funded by sales of 18 Protein Industries Canada Utilizing 12 Manitoba Farmer Wellness Program
pulse (beans, peas, lentils and faba beans)
Artificial Intelligence for Variety Launched
Development 51 Manitoba Pulse and Soybean Buyer List
and soybean crops grown in the province
of Manitoba. Circulation is approximately 52 Recipe Corner
4,000 distributed to farmers, government,
researchers and industry involved in pulses
and/or soybeans. Manitoba Pulse & Soybean Growers 2022 Board of Directors and Staff
The views expressed in articles and advertise ELECTED FARMER DIRECTORS
ments are those of the contributors and do Chair – Melvin Rattai – Beausejour Bryce Pallister – Portage la Prairie
not necessarily represent the views of MPSG. Vice Chair – Brendan Phillips – Hartney John Preun – St. Andrews
Contents of this publication can only be
Alex Burgess – Minnedosa Frank Prince – Waskada
reproduced with the permission of MPSG.
Bryce MacMillan – Marquette Garrett Sawatzky – Altona
Ben Martens – Boissevain Ernie Sirski – Dauphin
STAFF
MEMBER PRIVACY POLICY Executive Director – Daryl Domitruk Communications Coordinator – Elisabeth Harms
– daryl@manitobapulse.ca – elisabeth@manitobapulse.ca
Member information is collected and used in accordance with
the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Director of Finance and Administration – Research Specialist – Cassandra Tkachuk
Act (PIPEDA) and is the property of Manitoba Pulse & Soybean Melissa Denys – melissa@manitobapulse.ca – cassandra@manitobapulse.ca
Growers (MPSG). Information will not be shared, sold or viewed by Finance and Member Relations Administrator Production Specialist – West – Laura Schmidt
any individual or group outside of MPSG unless directly related to – Sandy Robinson – sandy@manitobapulse.ca – laura@manitobapulse.ca
member communications. Research and Check-off Administrator – Agronomist – On-Farm Network – Leanne
Please direct your comments or concerns to Sandy Robinson at Wendy Voogt-Howard Koroscil – leanne@manitobapulse.ca
204.745.6488 or email sandy@manitobapulse.ca. – wendy@manitobapulse.ca On-Farm Network Technician – Ian Kirby
– ian@manitobapulse.ca
MPSG BUSINESS
Manitoba Pulse & Soybean Growers
2022 Committees and Representatives
SUMMARY MPSG COMMITTEES – The first named is chair
Executive – M
. Rattai, B. Phillips, E. Sirski
Governance/HR – B
. MacMillan, F. Prince
F ebruary 16 saw the Manitoba Pulse & Soybean Growers (MPSG) Policy – B . Phillips, A. Burgess, B. Pallister,
Annual General Meeting (AGM) occur in virtual format for the E. Sirski
second consecutive year. About 60 people registered for the event. Finance/Audit – J . Preun, B. Phillips, M. Rattai
MPSG members heard that despite a drop in soybean production, the Resolutions – G
. Sawatzky, A. Burgess
organization’s financial position remains solid. The pandemic has taken Nominating – G
. Sawatzky, A. Burgess
its toll on in-person extension events, but staff and their research Communications/Member Relations –
and extension partners have developed new ways of delivering G. Sawatzky, A. Burgess, B. MacMillan
information to members. Programs such as regional variety testing Market Development – J . Preun, B. Martens,
and the On-Farm Network remain popular. Policy has taken up a more B. Pallister
significant proportion of MPSG resources since the board increased the Research – F . Prince, A. Burgess, B. Martens,
organization’s emphasis in this area. Partnerships with sister commodity B. Pallister, M. Rattai
and farm organizations at the provincial and national levels are key U of M Research Agronomist Advisory
going forward. Committee – F . Prince, J. Preun
Staff are the most important resource and MPSG members heard their
organization is in a good spot with the team of skilled and dedicated MPSG REPRESENTATIVES
staff currently on board. This was board chair Cal Penner’s final meeting Canadian Grain Commission Pulse
as he is stepping down after several years of service. Cal reflected Sub-Committee – G . Sawatzky
fondly on the people he’s met and the experiences he gained while Grain Growers of Canada – B. Phillips
serving on the board. Newly elected board member Alex Burgess • Trade and Marketing – E . Sirski
of Minnedosa hit the ground running, signing up to sit on several • Business Risk Management – B . Phillips
committees, including the very active research committee. Keystone Agricultural Producers
In the 2021 tax year, MPSG members can take advantage of a 23.82 • General Council – D. Domitruk
percent credit under the federal Scientific Research and Experimental • Pulse/Oilseed Sub-Committee – D. Domitruk
Development (SR&ED) tax credit. There is currently about $7.4 million in • Commodity Group – D . Domitruk
funding committed to a wide range of research projects. Presentations MCVET – S taff
at the AGM showed how the research program is complemented by . Domitruk
PGDC/PRCPSC – D
a strong focus on extension and evaluating management practices
Pulse Canada – B
. Martens, J. Preun
through the On-Farm Network.
Soy Canada – E . Sirski, M. Rattai
Soybean Scout
Can you identify these
problematic weeds?
A B
Answers can be found on page 46
2 Pulse Beat | Spring 2022
MPSG BUSINESS
Message from Board Chair
Calvin Penner, Chair, MPSG
AS I SIT and think about what I will write for I’ve enjoyed the last six years at Manitoba The 2022 board election results are in
this message, it is snowing and the wind has Pulse & Soybean Growers (MPSG), but I and I want to congratulate Alex Burgess on
switched back from the north after blowing have decided to step back to make way for being elected. I would encourage everyone
from the south. These unpredictable winds new board members. It has been a great to make time and consider sitting on a
seem to be filling every nook and cranny experience to sit on the MPSG board and board at some time in their lives. You can
of our farm with snow. That’s a good thing, then be asked to chair the board. We have an make a difference no matter what type of
and it’s also a good thing that there is no dirt exceptional board and staff at MPSG. I have board it is. You will also learn about how
blowing off of our fields. Things are looking learned a lot about boards and soybean and boards work, as you provide leadership
much brighter than they did at this time pulse research, as well as how farmers farm and direction to whatever organization you
last year. in different areas of the province. I have choose to engage with. You will learn a lot
Right now, we have slightly above average also been able to meet researchers from about human nature, as well as meet new
snow accumulation, which is what we will across the country and see the research that and interesting people.
need to be able to start recharging the soil supports MPSG’s vision statement, which Over the past six years, I have enjoyed
moisture deficit. It is a good starting place states “sustainably producing profitable, seeing all the work that MPSG has done. I
and who knows what will happen between quality pulse and soybean crops.” am proud of the work that MPSG is doing
now and spring. We will still need a good, I look forward to seeing the continued on behalf of Manitoba farmers.
slow melt to allow all of this to soak into results of research on pulses and soybeans. I want to wish you a good 2022 crop. n
the soil, as well as timely rains in order to There is so much good work that happens
— Calvin
recover from the drought. that is unseen by the casual observer.
manitobapulse.ca Spring 20221 | Pulse Beat 3
MPSG BUSINESS
Message from Executive Director
Daryl Domitruk, Executive Director, MPSG
THE ROLLER COASTER of sentiments felt of Canada’s bean farmers, we’ve for them. Overall, a good balance was
by growers this crop year is leaving its stepped up our consumer outreach achieved between national aspirations and
mark in the Manitoba Pulse & Soybean program. In February, we contracted a provincial grower needs.
Growers (MPSG) office. In addition to communications consultant in part to
SOYBEANS
anxiety over drought and input prices, the carry forward the bean campaign with a
absence of in-person extension events has Manitoba flavour. Encouraging signs are coming out of
tested the spirits and patience of our ag national discussions on soybeans as well.
SCIENCE CLUSTERS Soy Canada convened a Northern Soybean
professionals. After all, Cassandra, Laura,
Ian and, most recently, Leanne signed up A big deal lately has been planning for Summit in January (see Brian Innes’s
with MPSG to deepen their experience the next round of five-year federally article on page 15). Prairie expansion is a
in face-to-face exchanges with farmers. funded “science clusters.” With fewer big focus for the industry. The summit was
Disappointing as times have been, it’s funds compared to the last round in 2017, an honest discussion on the challenges
not only the prospect of returning to there are some tough decisions to make. we’ll have to overcome to sustain soybean
in-person events that imbue staff with Much of the research in science clusters acres in Manitoba, let alone expand
optimism. Discovery of virtual extension involves genetics, and as a result, the westward. For one, competition from
formats has MPSG experimenting with fruits of the research are ten or more the canola juggernaut is substantial. As
new, innovative and cost-effective ways years away. These projects compete with with pulses, there’s a strong sense of
to serve our members. The possibilities quick return projects such as fungicide national mission that seeks success by
presented by evolving forms of commun performance, On-Farm Network trials and meeting regional needs. On the heels of
ication are fuel for the optimism that the Agronomist-in-Residence program. the summit, the national soybean science
continues to drive MPSG staff. We’re putting the MPSG-funded dry bean cluster began reviewing project ideas for a
It’s in that frame of mind I relay breeding program at AAFC–Morden under 2023 start. Industry is generating varieties
some of the latest happenings in the the microscope and have polled the bean for the prairies at an impressive pace.
industry and growers on their thoughts However, they’re challenged to improve
world of MPSG.
for the future. drought tolerance and protein, two traits
NATIONAL CAMPAIGN critical to soybean’s success in our region.
RESEARCH STRATEGY
I’m pleased to report we’ve participated This may be the role of public science;
A new national research strategy for accelerate advancements not immediately
with Pulse Canada and our provincial
pulses described in this edition of Pulse achievable in private research programs.
sister groups in a national campaign to
promote beans to Canadian consumers. Beat helps guide our research decisions.
It was very satisfying working on the VARIETY TRIALS
It’s a professionally orchestrated social
development of this strategy with By comparison, the annual planning
media and TV campaign featuring
colleagues from across Canada. Canadian of regional variety test (RVT) trials is
influential chefs. So intrigued were we
pulse growers have a strong team working uncomplicated. MPSG is again preparing
by the potential to increase recognition
continued on page 5
Scientific Research & Experimental Development Tax Credit
Farmers that contribute check-off dollars to MPSG and are in good standing are eligible to
claim the federal Scientific Research & Experimental Development (SR&ED) tax credit.
For the 2021 tax year, 23.82% of MPSG check-off qualifies for the SR&ED tax credit.
For more information on the process of claiming the tax credit, please
consult your accountant or visit the Canada Revenue Agency website.
The 2001–2021 MPSG SR&ED tax credit rates are available on the MPSG
website manitobapulse.ca.
4 Pulse Beat | Spring 2022
continued from page 4 MPSG BUSINESS
for a full program of tests across of pulse crops have enabled growers responsibility for the research program.
Manitoba. Often under the radar, the out west to already be at or near net- As an executive director, it is reassuring
RVT program is one of our most zero. With our lower acreage of legumes, to see we continue to attract and develop
ambitious. The results remain popular more intensive tillage and increasing talented ag professionals.
with members. Last year, a member application of fertilizer, Manitoba is some If innovative extension methods are the
request for a site in the Holland area distance behind. Our goal is to work fuel for MPSG staff, the spark is provided
became a reality and we’re enthusiastic across commodities to find the win-win by the regular news of good things coming
to hear more feedback from members. combination of profitable and carbon- from pulses and soybeans. There’s big
conserving farming practices that work picture news like recognition of the
ROQUETTE
for Manitoba. Undeniably, pulses and essential role our crops must play in
I hope some members caught the soybeans are a great place to start.
November virtual grand opening of agriculture if we’re going to reduce carbon
Roquette’s Manitoba plant. As informed ASSINIBOINE COMMUNITY COLLEGE emissions. At a regional scale, we’re
pulse advocates, we can look beneath the Speaking of starts, Assiniboine learning about the competitive advantage
glitz and appreciate the industry-defining Community College (ACC) continues to of critical amino acids in Manitoba-made
event this was. Indeed, plant protein has build its capacity for applied research in soybean meal. Attention is being brought
ruffled some feathers and is under scru- crop production. MPSG has an eye on to the potential for non-GM soybean
tiny by competitors. In the final analysis, expanding research in Westman and is production in Manitoba as well as the
the positive impact of pulse protein on working with ACC to implement a crop potential to produce lupins. Even at the
Manitoba is clear. We continue to work protection product screening project so micro-scale, the news is encouraging;
with Roquette on research and extension. that Manitoba growers have access to genes essential for drought tolerance in
practical pest control information similar Canadian soybeans are, in fact, within our
KEEP IT CLEAN reach. One gets the sense that something
to growers in Ontario.
With leadership from Pulse Canada, very positive is possible with pulses and
MPSG continues to contribute to the Keep STAFF soybeans. Our job is to limit distractions
it Clean product advisory. Ensuring our MPSG received a shot of enthusiasm at and effectively marshal our resources to
products don’t exceed Maximum Residue the start of 2022 when Leanne Koroscil achieve some extraordinary things. n
Limits (MRL’s) for pesticides is critical. joined MPSG’s On-Farm Network team
— Daryl
It’s also tricky because while growers are and Cassandra Tkachuk assumed
finicky about pesticide application, it only
takes a minor deviation from the accepted
standard to raise the alarm among
customers. MRL’s are the first place where
the desire for purely science-based actions
meets the reality of market demands,
especially when pre-harvest glyphosate
is the subject. It’s a constant tug-of-war.
A lengthy, often controversial discussion
that is made more difficult by the variety
of crops, markets and geographies
encompassed by pulses. The same process
in soybeans is relatively straightforward.
POLICY
Grain Growers of Canada embarked on a
mission to achieve net-zero emissions by
2050. This is an ambitious and necessary
undertaking in which MPSG is a full
partner. Simultaneously, Pulse Canada has
prepared the science and policy pieces
to support the essential role for annual
legumes in Canada’s climate strategy. headsupst.com/PulseBeat
Pulses and soybeans are no less critical
for Manitoba to meet its objectives.
However, if our prairie neighbours are a
measure, we have some catch-up to do in
carbon sequestration. It seems the broad
adoption of zero-till in Saskatchewan and
Alberta combined with extensive acres
manitobapulse.ca Spring 20221 | Pulse Beat 5
ANNOUNCEMENTS
News from the Office
Leanne Cassandra Elisabeth
Koroscil Tkachuk Harms
MPSG would like to welcome Leanne MPSG is pleased to announce that Elisabeth Harms joins MPSG after
Koroscil to the team as our new On- Cassandra Tkachuk has moved into acting as marketing specialist for
Farm Network Agronomist. the position of Research Specialist. Manitoba Egg Farmers. Her passion
Leanne is from a farm near Sandy For the past five years, Cassandra has for food led her to complete a degree
Lake, Manitoba, where she was first served MPSG in the role of Production in Human Nutritional Sciences from
introduced to grain and oilseed Specialist, focusing most recently the University of Manitoba. Working at
production. Her interest in agriculture on the eastern half of the province. the Farm and Food Discovery Centre
led to the completion of a Bachelor She has delivered research-based helped her use her knowledge of food
of Science (Ag) degree majoring information to you through The Bean to bridge the gap between how our
in agronomy at the University Report, extension events, articles and food is produced and where we get our
of Manitoba (U of M). Summer production resources. She has also food from. Since then, Elisabeth has
experiences in the industry and on the spent an extensive amount of time worked hard in the agriculture sector,
farm sparked her interest in agronomic interacting with farmers – responding working at Manitoba Beef Producers
research, which fuelled her pursuit of to questions, visiting fields and as their food expert on Great Tastes of
a Master of Science degree in Plant developing strategies to address Manitoba.
Science at the U of M. Her research agronomic challenges. Elisabeth returned to school to receive
focused on the effect of spatial In this new position, she will be a Creative Communications diploma
arrangement on dry bean development focusing her efforts on MPSG’s dynamic from Red River College Polytechnic.
and yield. research program that is exclusively Combined with her food and nutrition
When Leanne’s not in a field, she enjoys aimed at the needs of farmers. She knowledge, Elisabeth has a unique set
videography and Ukrainian dancing, will continue to stay in touch with of skills that she is excited to put to
but she would rather be in a field most the challenges you face and the work for MPSG.
of the time. She’s looking forward opportunities you envision on the Elisabeth also loves to cook and bake in
to working at MPSG and wants to research front. her free time. She can be found hiking
wish everyone a safe and prosperous and enjoying the outdoors in the
season ahead! summer with her husband, Tyler, and
her dog, Loki.
Shannon Says Farewell
Yes, the decision has been made. Going into my 25th year on Pulse Beat, I’ve decided it is time
for new adventures and this edition will be my last.
I am grateful for having been entrusted with the design and production of MPSG’s flagship
communication piece for all that time. Dedicated staff are the backbone of this publication
and presenting their contributions in Pulse Beat has been most fulfilling.
Advertising revenue has sustained the successful publication of Pulse Beat and I thank the
many long-time supporters. It’s been a pleasure getting to know many of you. For some of us,
our children have all grown up during that time. And some of us are grandparents now!
Shannon There are too many people to mention individually, but if you remember me, I guarantee that I
Beddome-Lorenz will remember you, and I thank you.
Imprint Media Services Finally, no words can describe my appreciation for my family’s support. Without that, it would not
– Pulse Beat have been easy to meet some of the deadline challenges and deliver a product to be proud of.
6 Pulse Beat | Spring 2022
STRONGER.
FASTER.
BETTER.
We’ve proven it in the field!
In any soil conditions, our synergetic
mix of 5 biologicals work together to
energize your pea and lentil crops.
Take advantage of our proven
technology for your best yields yet.
Contact your local rep or visit us online.
RESULTS YOU CAN COUNT ON.
nexusbioag.com
© 2021 Univar Ltd. All rights reserved. Univar, the collaboration insignia, and other identified trademarks
PEAS | LENTILS are the property of Univar Inc. or affiliated companies. All other trademarks not owned by Univar Inc.
or affiliated companies that appear in this material are the property of their respective owners.
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Say Hello to MPSG’s 2022 On-Farm Network Summer Students
Mikayla Chloe
Melnick Hodgson
My name is Mikayla Melnick. I’m from Winnipeg, but I My name is Chloe Hodgson. I am originally from Winnipeg.
moved west with my family to Vancouver Island 10 years ago. I recently received my Bachelor of Science degree in the
I am currently a student at the University of Guelph, where Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences at the University
I major in biomedical toxicology and minor in agriculture. I of Manitoba (U of M). This summer, my goals are to learn
want to learn as much as I can about field research and crop more about soybean and pulse production, and to get
production while working with Manitoba Pulse & Soybean more hands-on, in-field experience before completing a
Growers. I love the idea that the research is done with the master's program in plant pathology at the U of M. I also
specific intent to help farmers and I cannot wait to play hope to gain new agronomy-related skills while working
a part in it. I am really looking forward to spending time with the Manitoba Pulse & Soybean Growers team and to
outdoors this summer! Fun fact – I am currently training for become more familiar with pulses!
an 85 km trail run later this summer!
MPSG’s 2021–2022 Scholarship Recipients
Manitoba Pulse & Soybean Growers (MPSG) has awarded two University of Manitoba agriculture students with bursaries
for the 2021–2022 academic year. Boma Okorosaye-Orubite was the recipient of $1,000 through the MPSG Degree
Scholarship, and Lacey Calder was awarded $1,000 through the MPSG Diploma Scholarship. Supporting students
interested in pursuing an education in agriculture is a priority for MPSG and its farmer members, and we look forward
to seeing how Lacey and Boma, both of whom you’ll be introduced to below, will undoubtedly improve the industry.
My name is Boma Okorosaye-Orubite. My name is Lacey Calder. I am a second-
I am a third-year animal systems student year agriculture diploma student at
at the University of Manitoba (U of M). the University of Manitoba, majoring in
I moved from Nigeria to Canada about general agriculture. I grew up on a grain
nine years ago and I have taken a rather and beef cattle operation in Carlowrie,
unorthodox path to agriculture. My first Manitoba. It was there that I found my
degree is in nursing, but I have always greatest interest, which is all things
been a farmer at heart. As a kid, I turned my parents’ yard agriculture. From a young age, I’ve always been excited to
into a hobby farm where I kept both plants and animals. learn more about our industry and how we as farmers can
I am interested in an integrated agricultural process – improve it, both economically and environmentally.
one that harmonizes the relationship between plants I am very thankful for the Manitoba Pulse & Soybean
and animals. After graduating and getting some more Growers scholarship that I was fortunate enough to receive.
experience, I would like to start my own farm. I also want The funds are currently being put to great use to support my
to help educate people on the hard work farmers put into university education. This scholarship will help me further
producing food. my ag education, which I will be forever thankful for. After
I am looking forward to working on a farm this summer graduating from university, I hope to return to my farm to
and I am grateful to Manitoba Pulse & Soybean Growers for work alongside my father.
this scholarship.
8 Pulse Beat | Spring 2022CONNECTING
Assiniboine Community College Sets
Sights on Advancing Ag in Manitoba
Toban Dyck, Writer and Farmer
ASSINIBOINE COMMUNITY COLLEGE (ACC) “The Prairie Innovation Centre will not benefit of the FADST is that it can predict
in Brandon is increasing its commitment only address the current and developing the risk of disease development using local
to agricultural programming, a trajectory gaps in the labour market in Manitoba’s weather conditions. A producer can enter
that includes Manitoba Pulse & Soybean agriculture industry, it will also be a hub field agronomy information to narrow down
Growers (MPSG). for agricultural innovation, encouraging the potential severity value of the disease for
MPSG has committed $200,000 towards engagement and collaboration with industry his/her farm. Based on this information, the
ACC’s Prairie Innovation Centre for partners to address emerging situations grower can decide if fungicide application
Sustainable Agriculture, which is part of the and issues,” said Derrick Turner, Director would be economically beneficial. A basic
college’s long-term goal of nearly tripling of Advancement and External Relations at framework of the FADST has been devel
enrollment in its ag programs, increasing ACC, in an article appearing in the Winnipeg oped and tested in the last growing season
applied research and better aligning its Free Press. (2021). The testing results suggest that the
course offerings with industry needs, In addition to this, MPSG has matched FADST is working well and able to produce
including projected labour gaps. The Centre a $41,850 grant to support Dr. Baljeet the white mould development risk to local
will include collaborative learning spaces, Singh’s research focused on white mould producers.”
labs and much, much more. management in dry bean crops. MPSG is proud to support ACC and its
The Centre represents a $65M capital “The current study is developing a real- commitment to furthering agriculture in
investment — funds that the college hopes time weather-based Fungicide Application Manitoba, as well as celebrate its desire
to raise through fundraising efforts, funding Decision Support Tool (FADST) using the to identify and address the challenges the
commitments from groups like MPSG and ArcGIS/leaflet platform, weather data and a sector is poised to face. n
one-time donations. disease severity model,” said Dr. Singh. “The
QUICK, FRIENDLY, SMALL TOWN SERVICE YOU DESERVE!
Manitoba Crop Alliance (MCA) is here to help farmers with their cash flow needs by administering Agriculture
and Agri-Food Canada’s Advance Payments Program (APP).
Farmers are eligible to receive a cash advance of up to Staff will work directly with you to ensure your application
$1,000,000 which includes $100,000 interest-free. MCA is complete and funds are issued in a timely fashion. Funds
advances dollars on over 30 crop kinds. can be advanced in as little as 3 to 5 business days once
MCA makes applying for an APP cash advance stress-free the application process is completed.
and straightforward.
For more information: Contact our APP administrators:
Visit: mbcropalliance.ca/advance-payments-program Tammy – tammy@mbcropalliance.ca
Call: 204-745-6661 Rae – rae@mbcropalliance.ca
The Advance Payments Program is a federal loan program administered by Manitoba Crop Alliance.
It offers Canadian farmers marketing flexibility through interest-free and low interest cash advances.
manitobapulse.ca Spring 2022 | Pulse Beat 9CONNECTING
A Farm-to-Plate Partnership
Jolene Olive, Communications Manager, AITC–M
LAST JUNE, AGRICULTURE in the Classroom–Manitoba (AITC–M) and Great Tastes
of Manitoba (GTOM) teamed up to create the Farm to Plate: Recipes & Stories
series, featuring seven Manitoba commodities and many of the province’s
commodity organizations, including long-time GTOM partners, Manitoba Pulse &
Soybean Growers.
Each recipe sheet contains a link to a video about a Manitoba farmer, facts and
information about that commodity and a recipe featuring an ingredient from the
farm that is being showcased. “We’re so happy to partner with AITC–M
The series has been so popular that AITC–M and GTOM are currently rolling and find another audience for the videos,”
out a new recipe for each commodity over the next few months. said Donalee Jones, senior producer of
“This series has been an incredible way for us to feature so many amazing Great Tastes of Manitoba. “It’s been another
farmers in Manitoba, and to partner with GTOM, who have so many wonderful
avenue for us to promote the recipes and
videos,” said AITC–M Executive Director Sue Clayton.
stories we create about farm families in
The 2021 recipe for pulses was Basic Black Bean Burgers and it featured former
Manitoba.”
MPSG Director of Communications, Toban Dyck, and his wife, Jamie Dyck, along
with facts about pulses and a link to the commodity group’s website. A new pulse The Farm to Plate series is free to
recipe will be available soon. n download from AITC–M’s website.
10 Pulse Beat | Spring 2022SERIOUS SEED PROTECTION
CONNECTING
Manitoba Farmer Wellness Program Launched
HAVE YOU STOPPED doing the activities The grassroots non-profit of the
you normally enjoy? Are you feeling sad, Manitoba Farmer Wellness Program
angry or “not yourself ”? Have your friends is spearheaded by Gerry Friesen (The
told you they’re concerned? Recovering Farmer), Marcel Hacault
As a farmer, there are many challenges (retired executive director of Canadian
every day. Whether they are operational, Agricultural Safety Association, past chair
personal or business-related or as a result of Manitoba Pork), Roberta Galbraith
of a loss, sometimes they are overwhelm- (farmer and past member relations
ing. Perhaps you have been thinking about manager with Manitoba Canola Growers),
seeing a counsellor for a while but really Kim Moffat (farm wellness consultant
don’t know where to go or who to see? who worked with Manitoba Farm, Rural
That is what a new initiative called the and Northern Support Services) and
Manitoba Farmer Wellness Program is Dr. Briana Hagen (PhD in the Department
aimed at addressing. Farmers can make confidential counselling sessions with of Population Medicine with Ontario
appointments with qualified counsel- a counsellor that understands agricul- Veterinary College).
lors with a background in agriculture. ture, can support them and meet on their The 2015 research study from the
They can have up to six, one-on-one, schedule. University of Guelph found that many
farmers had high levels of stress. Further
to that study, a 2020 report by Farm
Management Canada found a direct link
between mental health and business
View from the Field
management. Marcel Hacault stated, “In
my former job with agricultural safety,
people who have been injured often cite
Cassandra Tkachuk, Research Specialist things like “being tired” and “not being
focused” when the incident occurred.
Upon reflection, perhaps the overriding
WEED COMPETITION IN SOYBEANS issue was mental health.”
Soybeans are naturally poor competitors against weeds. Some might even call them We know the mental health of farmers
wimps. This is especially troublesome as we watch the number of herbicide-resistant is top of mind this year. With the drought,
weed cases rise, including evolved resistance to glyphosate. I shudder at the arrival of unexpected trade barriers and rising costs
weeds like palmer amaranth and tall waterhemp. alongside the pandemic, there are lots of
We have the opportunity to heed warnings from other regions and take action to stressors. The biggest difference is that now
minimize the spread of weed seed (I know, that’s a tough one), identify herbicide- there is a service for those farmers that
resistant weeds in our fields, destroy the buggers (physically) if we find them, use our want support. This is not a government
chemicals wisely (use “pre” products, full rates, herbicide layering, avoid overuse of program, it is not a stress or crisis line, it is
one type of chemical) and utilize cultural controls to boost the competitive ability of not a self-help service. This program fills
the crop. a gap that has been identified by farmers
who have sought out services. In essence, it
One piece of valuable information comes from Dr. Rob Gulden’s lab at the University is timely, focused, one-on-one counselling
of Manitoba, where they investigated the critical period of weed control (CPWC) sessions that fill a direct need for farmers.
of soybeans – the period of time in which the crop must remain free of weeds to The Manitoba Farmer Wellness
prevent yield loss. They identified the CPWC (VE to V2–V4, on average) and found that Program is built by farmers for farmers.
planting soybeans in narrower rows reduced the CPWC by up to three development Don’t let stigma hold you back from
stages and higher plant populations by one development stage, on average. In other seeking help. Go to our website,
words, cultural controls have potential to save you time, money and a headache over manitobafarmerwellness.ca and book
the long term. an appointment. It is simple, quick and
easy to access.
A closed soybean canopy can better
compete against weeds. If you or your organization wants to
financially support this non-profit, reach
Find the full results of this study in
out to one of the board members, or
Pulse Beat – The Science Edition, Issue 3.
donate via the site. There is no farm
without the farmer. n
12 Pulse Beat | Spring 2022MARKET AND POLICY
Clancey’s Stats
2021 drought results in strong prices for pulses
Brian Clancey, Senior Market Analyst and Publisher, STAT Communications
THE REALITY OF last year’s drought has There is a relatively strong relationship 8.419 million acres, down from 8.746 million
been fully accepted by markets, resulting in between those numbers and whether last year and below the recent five-year
unusually strong prices for many pulses. As seeded areas will rise or fall in most years. average of 8.836 million.
a result, attention is switching to what will If prospective gross returns are above their If yields are at their recent five-year
happen this year to seeded area and growing previous three-year average, area tends to average, total pulse production in Canada
conditions. increase and when it is below, area tends to will advance from 4.337 to 6.327 million
Competition for acres will be strong decrease. metric tons (MT), just below the recent five-
in all areas where pulses are grown, with Versus wheat, this has been true 78% year average of 5.356 million.
oilseeds such as canola attracting signifi of the time for all classes of lentils since Looking at the United States and Canada
cant attention from farmers. So far this 2001, 61% for peas and 83% of the time for as one zone, area in the two countries could
marketing year, the potential gross income chickpeas. Versus durum, 67% of the time advance from 12.245 to 12.285 million acres,
performance of canola has outmatched all for lentils, 72% for peas and chickpeas; but combined output might jump from 6.313
grains, pulses and specialty crops. versus canola, it held true 72% of the to 9.492 million MT. The impact this has on
If you look at prospective gross income time for lentils, 56% for peas and 83% for available supplies will be moderated by tight
as a percentage of its previous three-year chickpeas. ending stocks in the region. It may advance
average, so far this season, future average Stiff competition from canola for from 7.976 to 10.0 million MT, well below the
gross returns for pulses are generally above land use this spring will likely result in previous five-year average of 11.335 million.
that average versus wheat, barley and little overall change in total pulse area.
durum, but well under versus canola. At the moment, it could end up around continued on page 14
Essential Agriculture
hensallco-op.ca
Hensall Co-op wants your beans!
We are buying
Dark Red Kidney, Light Red Kidney, Navy, Black, Pinto, Cranberry, Great Northern, Otebo
We offer solid marketing channels with access to world markets
For more information, contact
Calem Alexander: 204.750.0529 or
Dan Bolton: 204.872.4301
manitobapulse.ca Spring 2022 | Pulse Beat 13continued from page 13
Overall disappearance is expected to and exporters to find enough product progress data from Saskatchewan shows
return to more normal levels across the to cover sales commitments. The other that, on average, 10% of the intended area
2022–23 marketing year, suggesting the was a bulge in North American domestic for lentils is in the ground by the end of
combined carry-over may only increase demand as the food industry strove to cover April, compared to 6% for peas and 2% for
from 511,000 to 601,000 MT of all types shortages of U.S. origin products and refill chickpeas. Progress typically passes 50% for
of pulses. retail pipelines. Both needs are primarily peas and lentils by the middle of May and
Increases in residual supplies are covered, resulting in an overall decline in exceeds 93% by the end of May.
expected for lentils, peas and coloured trading activity. The problem is asking prices Wet weather delayed seeding in 2020,
beans, while residuals for white beans and for many North American pulses are too creating a lot of anxiety over the risk of
chickpeas could decline over the coming high to compete with products from other frost before harvest. In the end, yields were
marketing campaign. Overall, prices paid to origins. above average and crop quality around
growers are expected to be lower on average Weather is always a factor affecting both average. Significantly, the delays did not
than what has been seen in the 2021–22 seeded area and the yield potential of fields. have much impact on area, with land in all
marketing year. The fact several key areas in western Canada pulses jumping from 8.9 million acres in
That is not surprising. Prices offered remain somewhat dry will be a factor in 2019 to 9.243 million in 2020.
to growers for most pulses are sitting in the minds of many growers, and last year’s The last time western Canada faced
decile nine territory. This means they have drought underscored the risks. a lengthy drought period was between
been higher less than 10% of the time since None of the long-term forecasts are 2001 and 2003. Seeded area in those years
1988. That does not mean new record highs looking for drought in western Canada. dropped from 4.92 million acres in 2000 to
cannot be set. However, it indicates the risk Some long-term forecasts call for cold and 3.682 million in 2001 and 2.681 million in
of waiting for better prices is increasing wet conditions through May in western 2002 because dry conditions left farmers
over time. Canada and parts of the northern United unwilling to risk seeding pulses.
The big issue facing growers is that States, followed by unusually warm weather. The bottom line is as attractive as
most North American pulses are not If accurate, cold conditions may impact new crop markets are at the moment; if
competitively priced outside the region. seeding progress for lentils, chickpeas and growers do not believe they have a chance
Two factors had powerful influences on peas both there and in western Canada. at average yields, they may switch to crops
prices paid to growers between harvest and May is a critical month for seeding in with lower average costs per acre and/or
November. One was the need for processors western Canada. Historic weekly seeding higher income potential. n
P u rcha s e Ne w Crop
XPT GRAIN INC.
BRIDGING REGIONS THRU GRAINS We
FLAX SEED BEANS PEAS
Call us now!
CHRISTOS LYGOURIATIS • VICE PRESIDENT
CELL 306.209.7746 • PHONE 306.525.8869 • EMAIL christos@XPTGrain.ca
14 Pulse Beat | Spring 2022MARKET AND POLICY
Reflections from the Summit
A view full of opportunity
Brian Innes, Executive Director, Soy Canada
WHEN YOU’RE YOUNG, like the soybean only 20 years since soybeans were first been more difficult to consistently grow a
industry in Manitoba, you’ve got your grown in Manitoba and significant acres good crop of soybeans.
whole future ahead of you. Add to that only coming 10 years ago, a number For example, when comparing
the fact that we’re growing soybeans of speakers reflected on how new the average temperatures for 1985–2014
further north than anyone in the world crop is and how there’s lots of room for versus the predictions for 2015–2044,
in a time of change and you’ve got a growth. From agronomy and harvest it means 500 more crop heat units on
pioneer spirit that’s filled with optimism management to having properly adapted average. This means growers across
for what’s to come. seed genetics and having exporters the Westman region will be able to
That pioneer spirit was on full display connect with buyers who want to crush insert a 00 maturity group soybeans
during our recent Northern Soybean Manitoba beans, a lot has evolved and into their rotation, confident in their
Summit that brought together people improved in a short amount of time. chance of success. Every farmer knows
from across the value chain and across Speakers reflected on the lessons learned that weather is unpredictable, but
Canada. The afternoon session on the and how these experiences position the understanding we’re going to get more
expansion and quality of northern industry for more success in the future. heat with similar moisture paves the way
soybeans was informative for how the One speaker shared how their western for higher performing soybean genetics
whole value chain can make soybeans Canadian breeding program started in the to be a profitable fit for growers rotations
more valuable for Manitoba growers. late 2000s with ankle-high beans. With more often.
The Summit was a good example of each variety taking about eight years to Food-grade soybeans work in
how the industry can come together come to market, the genetics adapted to Manitoba and there are value-added
through Soy Canada to create value Manitoba have evolved rapidly — even opportunities for growers – There’s
through collaboration. We naturally all since soybeans were a consistent rotation renewed interest in expanding food-grade
know our own business the best, but we crop in 2015 when the early breeding identity-preserved soybean production
can often be inspired by others and find programs started to bear fruit. in Manitoba from both Prograin and
opportunities to make the sum greater The weather in 2030 will change Sevita, who are specialized exporters
than its parts when we come together. the landscape for soybeans in western with a long history in the business. With
And while there’s certainly more room for Canada – Climate experts from premiums offered over commodity beans
action for the soybean industry to bring Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada shared and improved genetics offering Manitoba
more value to Manitoba, the information how dramatic the warming climate is for growers more varieties, more acres means
shared at the Summit was a good step. western Canada and how significant these more opportunity for growers to increase
There were a number of interesting changes will be for a crop like soybeans. their revenue from every acre. Strong
discussions during the Summit worth With more heat, all areas will be able to international demand means Canadian
sharing. Here are a few snippets: grow longer season varieties — which will exporters can expand our food-grade
A young industry with room for have a significant impact for places in
growth and rapid evolution – With western Manitoba, like Oakner where it’s continued on page 16
manitobapulse.ca Spring 2022 | Pulse Beat 15MARKET AND POLICY
Farmers Deserve a Seat
at Sustainability Table
Erin Gowriluk, Executive Director, Grain Growers of Canada
FOLLOWING OUR MOST recent As the voice of grain farmers in Unfortunately, right now, the
federal election, it should come as no Ottawa, our organization has already conversation on climate change policy in
surprise that the conversation around been planning for this and working with Canada is being led by groups that do not
sustainability and environmental decision-makers and legislators to impart have the best interests of our grain, pulse
stewardship has moved to the forefront. the message that farmers are part of the and oilseed farmers in mind.
While this is not a new phenomenon, climate change solution — and should While not ideal, this is a natural
it is no longer an option to face the future have a seat at the table when it comes to consequence of the fact that the current
and the daunting prospects of climate making policy. government is more ideologically aligned
change without a stated plan. The good news is that farmers across with these groups. Secondly, and more
In Canada, our grain farmers are Canada already operate sustainably and, importantly, they have provided the
equipped for this conversation. Our with continued investment in innovation, government with the political cover
farmers already sequester millions of will be able to continually improve necessary to implement their ideas by
tonnes of carbon in their soil and are their environmental footprint in the providing more detailed, data-driven
constantly evolving to reflect the best decades ahead. solutions for the government to embrace.
practices for soil and environmental There is no solution to climate change From our side, this has to change.
sustainability. But this does not mean that does not involve the stewardship of Farmers should be the ones driving for-
that we can sit back or rest on our laurels. millions of acres of privately managed ward practical solutions. They are the ones
The reality is that, with or without farmland. And it offers tremendous who should be aiding the government in
farmer input, our federal government is potential as a natural climate solutions implementing policies that achieve these
planning to implement policies aimed at provider if programs are designed shared environmental objectives, while
reducing emissions, among their several alongside farmers for their mutual benefit.
other environmental objectives. continued on page 17
continued from page 15
production with varieties grown in Viterra, showed their commitment to the including Manitoba, provided the
Manitoba that meet end-user needs. value chain and shared valuable insights audience with a candid look at what it
Unfortunately, yield, protein and about what our customers want and how takes for them to grow soybeans. In some
agronomic traits don’t naturally flock Manitoba beans meet their needs. It’s no regions — even northern regions — it’s a
together – At the Summit, three of the secret that western Canadian soybeans natural fit. One representative went so far
main seed-breeding companies shared have lower protein than other origins, and as to say, “if they’re not growing soybeans,
the challenges they face breeding high- this can be a challenge for processors they’re not keeping up with the times.” In
yielding, agronomically adapted and to meet the minimum levels required in other regions, such as parts of Manitoba,
short-season varieties for western soybean meal. What was interesting is there is intense competition for acres right
Canada that have competitive protein that buyers in China, Bangladesh, Iran, now and the profitability bar is set pretty
levels. Unfortunately, yield suffers Pakistan and North America request high. However, profitability wasn’t the only
when selecting for protein and putting western Canadian beans when they have consideration, with rotational benefits and
a package of germplasm together to the ability to blend them with those from management factors like harvest timing
make a variety fit in western Canada is a other origins — though the price needs also being very important.
significant undertaking, especially given to be right. Manitoba beans may not be a There was a consensus that it’s not
how new soybean production is mainly premium product in the marketplace, but just potential yield, but consistent yield
linked to western Canada. With the at the right price and sold into the world under stress that is most important. With
number one demand from growers being market at the right time, they fill a global Manitoba often subject to stress from
higher yield, breeders are focusing on need that is significant and could easily excess and limited moisture — sometimes
yield and other traits that make soybeans take all that western Canada can produce. in the same year — having varieties more
more resilient. It’s a competitive landscape and resilient to moisture stress would be of
There’s a place for Manitoba beans soybeans need to compete for a significant benefit. n
in the global soybean market – Of place in a grower’s rotation – Grower
western Canadian soybeans, G3 and representatives from across the country,
16 Pulse Beat | Spring 2022MARKET AND POLICY
Pulses Benefit the Environment and
the Economy
Denis Tremorin, Director of Sustainability, Pulse Canada
IF YOU LOOK at agricultural policies grow. This is because they have a special noodle with 31% fewer carbon emissions
around the world, you will see very relationship with certain soil bacteria than traditional noodles. This gives
different visions for how the world feeds that convert nitrogen from the air into a companies an opportunity to show their
its people. More often than not, it feels form usable to the growing pulse crop. commitment to the environment by
like Canada’s vision for the future of Beyond that, Canadian farmers have re-thinking how they make their products.
agriculture is under fire — but it doesn’t adopted practices such as minimum This new demand for sustainability claims
have to be this way. tillage and reducing fallowing, which have also presents Canadian farmers with
At Pulse Canada, our sustainability been proven to sequester large amounts the opportunity to sell their pulses at a
initiatives work to create conditions of atmospheric carbon into soils. This premium — a win-win.
for growers, processors, and exporters sequestration of soil carbon negates the The same can be done through
to monetize global environmental carbon emissions of producing a pulse cooperation with the livestock sector.
sustainability commitments while crop, creating a carbon-neutral or even a Consumers today want choices, and they
establishing the Canadian pulse sector as carbon-negative crop. buy from the markets that offer them. As
a leader in providing food that decreases Science backs this up, meaning Canada is a global producer of both plant
agriculture’s impact on the environment. incorporating Canadian pulses into food and animal protein, it makes sense that
Consumers and the food industry products can reduce the carbon emissions, we put our heads together to meet this
continue to demand more transparency water use and land use of food. growing demand and capture more than
into the sustainability of products. This Take cereal-based foods, for example. our fair share of the revenue that comes
push for transparency — backed up by At Pulse Canada, we have led work to from it.
data — presents a very real opportunity for explore how pulses can increase the That is why Pulse Canada led a study to
Canadian pulse growers. protein and fibre of foods like pasta or examine the environmental and economic
Pulses have a naturally lower carbon breakfast cereal while also reducing impacts of blending lentils with beef. As
footprint than most foods because they greenhouse gas emissions. Pasta it turned out, a beef burger reformulated
require little to no nitrogen fertilizer to reformulated with lentil flour produced a continued on page 18
continued from page 16
simultaneously aiding the profitability of NFU created a plan that identified action plan. Canada may differ greatly
grain growers — not hindering it. immediate opportunities, associated best in both population and climate, but the
Collaboration between industry, govern management practices, and included a circumstances are not all that different.
ment and academia is the key component role for government to incentivize those While farms across the country have
to reaching these climate goals. practices. The plan fit under three pillars: been improving their sustainability and
Pillar 1 — Boosting productivity and lowering their environmental impact for
A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
reducing emissions years, this government has no interest in
If you look to our friends across the rewarding work previously done. They
Atlantic, you can see that these conver- Pillar 2 — Farmland carbon storage
care about the next 25 years — and so
sations are having a very real impact Pillar 3 — Coupling bioenergy to carbon
do we.
everywhere. These international examples capture, utilization and storage
With that in mind, Grain Growers of
also offer a way forward for us on this side By being deliberate and anticipating the Canada are ready to provide leadership
of the pond — should we choose to act. sea-change in sentiments, U.K. farmers as we move into this next phase and we
Perhaps the best example is in the changed the conversation and achieved will articulate the needs and wants of
United Kingdom (U.K.) with the National widespread adoption of their aspirations our members to create a framework that
Farmers’ Union (NFU)… “no, not the for a net-zero contribution to climate makes sense for everyone.
Canadian one.” Their country’s largest change across the whole of agricultural Either we lead the conversation about
farmer advocacy organization experienced production by 2040. what it is coming or we risk having
the same sentiments and made a place for This was accomplished while leaving an approach dictated to us. Let’s get
themselves at the table. some flexibility in their approach for every to work. n
By embracing a future-focused and farm to start the journey to net-zero from a
solutions-based approach, the U.K.’s different place and with their own unique
manitobapulse.ca Spring 2022 | Pulse Beat 17You can also read
