Grivory HT Enhanced Performance at High Temperatures
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Grivory HT Enhanced Performance at High Temperatures
Contents
2
3 Introduction
Grivory HT grades
Grivory HT nomenclature
4 Characteristics of Grivory HT1 grades
5 Characteristics of Grivory HT2 grades
6 Characteristics of Grivory HT3 grades
8 Properties of Grivory HT1 grades
10 Properties of Grivory HT2 grades
14 Properties of Grivory HT3 grades
16 Design data – Short-term behaviour
18 Design data – Long-term behaviour
19 Flexural fatigue strength - Wöhler curves
20 Resistance to weathering
21 Resistance to heat ageing
22 Resistance to chemicals
23 Resistance to water and hydrolysis
24 Resistance to automotive media
26 Comparison to other construction materials
28 Approvals
29 Fire behaviour
30 Drying and storage
31 Processing using injection-moulding methods
32 Post treatment
33 Machining / Use of reclaimed material
34 Customer services and technical support
35 Testing
36 CAMPUS / EMS Material Database
37 Quality standards
Delivery form
Recycling of packaging material
38 EMS-GRIVORY products
39 Index
40 EMS-GRIVORY worldwide
2
Introduction / Grivory HT grades / Grivory HT nomenclature
Introduction - stiffness and strength at high application temperatures
- property values which are influenced very little by
Grivory® is the trade name of a group of engineering
absorption of water
plastics manufactured and marketed by EMS-GRI-
- good dimensional stability and a low tendency to
VORY. Grivory HT is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic
warp
construction material based on polyphthalamide
- good resistance to chemicals
(PPA).
- good surface quality
A completely new and specific process for the ma- - rational and cost-effective manufacture
nufacture, polymerisation and compounding of Gri-
vory HT in Domat/Ems (Switzerland) has been deve- Grivory HT grades
loped by EMS-GRIVORY. Production capacity was
- Grivory HT1: PA6T/6I
adjusted to meet the good demand and EMS-GRI-
- Grivory HT2: PA6T/66
VORY is now one of the most important manufactu-
- Grivory HT3: PA10T/X
rers of polyphthalamides in the world and clear mar-
ket leader in Europe.
Water absorption
Grivory HT is characterised by a high-performance
property profile. Technical injection-moulding parts Hydrolysis
Creep strength resistance
made of this material have impressive dimensional sta- (HT1A)
bility, even at high application temperatures. The pro-
perty profile of Grivory HT overlaps well into the per-
formance range of high-performance plastics. The va- Durability Stiffness
lues of Grivory HT for properties such as stiffness and HT1 [PA6T/6I]
strength at application temperatures up to 120°C - im- Strength HT2 [PA6T/66]
portant for replacement of metals - surpass those of ma-
HT3 [PA10T/X]
terials such as PPS or PEEK.
The Grivory FWA grades are physiologically harm- Grivory HT Nomenclature
less and can also be used in sensitive application 1. Polymer basis 3. Modification 5. Heat stabilisation
areas such as in direct contact with drinking water 1: PA6T/6I S: Improved surfaces
and foodstuffs. 2: PA6T/66 X: Low warpage/higher
3: PA10T/X tangential stress 7. Colour
Grivory HT is available as granules for processing Z: Impact modified
using injection-moulding methods on conventionally
available equipment and moulds. The different gra- Grivory HT 2 V S - 4 HH FWA black 9225
des of material within this group result from the type
and composition of the basic polymers and their mo- 2. Reinforcement 4. Degree of 6. Additional information
dification with reinforcing materials (glass fibre, mi- C: Carbon fibres reinforcement FWA: Approved for di-
M: Minerals rect contact with
nerals), stabilisers and processing aids. V: Glass fibres foodstuffs and drin-
VL: Long glass fibres king water
Givory HT is used for the efficient manufacture of LF: Improved slip
properties
high-performance technical components which are V0: Flame retardant
characterised by:
3
Characteristics of Grivory HT1 grades
4
Grivory Characteristics and properties Application areas
HT1 grades
HTV-3H1 Injection-moulding grade with 30-65 wt % glass-fibre rein- Stiff, dimensionally accurate technical parts in mechani-
HTV-4H1 forcement based on polyphthalamide PA 6T/6I. Stiff and cal engineering, automotive and electro applications.
strong at high application temperatures. Heat stabilised, Functional parts in contact with chemicals and requiring
HTV-45H1
dimensionally stable, low water uptake, good resistance good performance values at high application temperatu-
HTV-5H1 to chemicals and automotive media (fuel, oils, brake fluid) res.
HTV-6H1 even at high temperatures.
HT1V-65H
HT1V-3 FWA Drinking water approved, heat stabilised injection-moul- Stiff, dimensionally accurate technical parts, functional
HT1V-4 FWA ding grades with 30-60 wt % glass-fibre reinforcement, parts in sanitary applications, foodstuff industry applica-
based on polyphthalamide PA6T/6I. Approved for direct tions and domestic appliances in direct contact with drin-
HT1V-5 FWA
contact with drinking water as per ACS, KTW, W270, king water and foodstuffs at high application temperatu-
HT1V-6 FWA WRAS and NSF standards. EU conformity for direct res. Grivory HT XE 10811 and HT XE 10812 are used
HT XE 10811 contact with foodstuffs and unlimited FDA approval for for the highest hydrolysis requirements.
(HT1VA-4 FWA) contact with all foodstuffs. UL listed.
HT XE 10812
(HT1VA-5 FWA)
HTV-4X1 Injection-moulding grade with 40-60 wt % glass-fibre rein- Stiff, dimensionally accurate technical parts in mechani-
black 9205 forcement based on polyphthalamide PA 6T/6I. Stiff and cal engineering, automotive and electro applications
HTV-5X1 strong at high application temperatures. Heat stabilized, which are under voltage and exposed at high temperature.
black 9205 dimensionally stable, low water uptake, good resistance
HTV-6X1 to chemicals and automotive media (fuel, oils, brake fluid)
black 9205 even at high temperatures.
HT1V-3 HY Hydrolysis-optimised, heat stabilised injection-moulding Stiff, dimensionally accurate technical parts. Hot-water
HT1V-4 HY grades with 30-50 wt % glass-fibre reinforcement, based housings and functional components in automotive con-
HT1V-5 HY on polyphthalamide PA6T/6I. Stiff and strong even at struction and sanitary and heating system applications.
high application temperatures and in direct contact with Grivory HT XE 10814, HT XE 10815 and HT XE 10827
HT XE 10814
hot water or automotive coolants. are used for the highest hydrolysis requirements. HT XE
(HT1VA-4 HY)
10827 (improved demolding) is used for complicated
HT XE 10815 geometries or for parts with undercuts.
(HT1VA-5 HY)
HT XE 10827
(HT1VA-35 HYS)
HTM-4H1 Mineral-reinforced (40 wt %) injection-moulding grade ba- Stiff, dimensionally accurate parts with good dimensional
sed on polyphthalamide PA6T/6I. Stiff and strong even at stability and low thermal expansion. Functional and visi-
high application temperatures. Heat stabilised. Isotropic ble components in automotive applications with electro-
properties, low warpage, dimensionally stable, low ther- chemical surface coatings.
mal expansion. UL listed.
HT1V-33X 33 wt % glass-fibre reinforcement on a PA6T/6I basis. Thin-walled LED reflector housings.
LED white 6861 High light reflection, good flowability, good strength and
stiffness values.
HT1V-33X UV 33 wt % glass-fibre reinforcement on a PA6T/6I basis. Thin-walled LED reflector housings with reduced yellowing
white 6861 High light reflection, good flowability, good strength and and longer life expectancy.
stiffness values, yellowing optimised.
4
Characteristics of Grivory HT2 grades
Grivory Characteristics and properties Application areas
HT2 grades
HT2V-3H Injection-moulding grades with 30-60 wt % glass-fibre rein- Stiff, dimensionally accurate technical parts in mechani-
HT2V-4H forcement based on polyphthalamide, PA6T/66. Simple cal engineering, automotive and electro applications.
HT2V-45H to process. Stiff and strong at high application temperatu- Functional components in contact with chemicals and re-
HT2V-5H res. Heat stabilised, dimensionally stable, good resis- quiring good performance values at high application tem-
HT2V-6H tance to chemicals. peratures.
HT2V-3H LF Material used for sliding bearings, PTFE-modified injection- Stiff, dimensionally accurate bearing components in me-
moulding grade with 30 wt % glass-fibre reinforcement, ba- chanical engineering, automotive and electro applicati-
sed on polyphthalamide PA6T/66. Simple to process, stiff ons. Tribologically stressed functional components (joint
and strong at high application temperatures. Little wear, heat sleeves, bearing halves, guide channels, sliders) in
stabilised, dimensionally stable, good resistance to chemi- contact with chemicals and requiring high performance
cals values at high application temperatures.
HT2C-3X LF Material used for sliding bearings, PTFE modified injec- Bearing components to satisfy highest requirements.
black tion-moulding grade with 30 wt % carbon fibre reinforce-
ment based on polyphthalamide, PA6T/66. Maximum
9833
stiffness and strength, conductive, very low density.
HT2V-3X V0 Flame retardant, halogen-free injection-moulding grades Self-extinguishing, stiff, dimensionally accurate technical
HT2V-4X V0 with 30-50 wt % glass-fibre reinforcement, based on po- parts in electro applications where the flammability classifi-
lyphthalamide PA6T/66. Self-extinguishing (UL 94 V-0). cation of the material (as per UL 94 V-0) is a mandatory
HT2V-5X V0
prerequisite. Suitable for thermal pulse loading commonly
Good flow properties. Stiff and strong at high application occurring in industrial soldering processes.
temperatures. Light inherent colour, colourable. UL listed. RoHS: Parts made of these materials conform to the requi-
rements as per RoHS (2002/95/EG and 2011/65/EU,
Restriction of Hazardous Substances).
WEEE: Parts made of these materials are exempt from the
requirements governing "selective recycling” as per guideli-
ne 2002/96/EC concerned with disposal of used electro
and electronic components
HT2C-3X Carbon-fibre-reinforced (30 wt %) injection-moulding gra- Stiff, light, dimensionally accurate components in mecha-
de based on polyphthalamide PA6T/66. Very stiff and nical engineering and automotive applications. Tribologi-
strong, low density, conductive. cally stressed functional components in contact with che-
micals and requiring high performance values at high ap-
plication temperatures.
HT2VZ-15H Injection-moulding grades with 15-33 wt% glass-fibre rein- Stiff, impact resistance, dimensionally accurate technical
HT2VZ-33H forcement based on polyphthalamide, PA6T/66. Easy to parts in mechanical engineering, automotive and electro
HT2VZ-25X process. Stiff, impact resistance and strong at high wor- applications. Functional components in contact with che-
king temperatures. Heat stabilised, dimensionally stable, micals and requiring good performance values at high
good resistance to chemicals. application temperatures.
XE 4216 Injection-moulding grades with 30 resp. 45 wt % glass-fib- For components such as turbo-charger air ducts exposed
(HT2VS-3HH) re reinforcement based on polyphthalamide, PA6T/66 to extremely high thermal stressing.
with optimised heat resistance and surface quality.
XE 4217
(HT2VS-45HH)
"Grivory XE..." designates the new, commercialised pilot products during the market introduction phase. The future standard product desi-
gnation is shown in brackets, example: Grivory XE 4216 (HT2VS-3HH). 5
Characteristics of Grivory HT3 grades
6
Grivory Characteristics and properties Application areas
HT3 grades
XE 4063 Injection-moulding grades with 30 resp. 50 wt % glass-fi- Stiff and strong, dimensionally accurate technical parts in
(HT3V-30H) bre reinforcement, based on polyphthalamide, PA10T/X. mechanical engineering, automotive and electro applica-
Very good resistance to chemicals and dimensional sta- tions at high working temperatures.
XE 4065 bility. Made partly from renewable raw materials.
(HT3V-50H)
XE 4095 Injection-moulding grades with 50 wt % glass-fibre rein- Stiff and strong, thin-walled and dimensionally accurate
(HT3V-50) forcement, based on polyphthalamide, PA10T/X. Good technical parts in mechanical engineering and electro ap-
flowability, very good resistance to chemicals and di- plications at high working temperatures.
mensional stability. Made partly from renewable raw ma-
terials.
XE 4101 Drinking water approved injection-moulding grade with Stiff, dimensionally accurate technical parts, functional
black 40 wt % glass-fibre reinforcement, based on polyphtha- parts in sanitary applications, foodstuff industry applica-
(HT3V-40 FWA) lamide, PA10T/X. Excellent dimensional stability. Made tions and domestic appliances in direct contact with drin-
partly from renewable raw materials. Approved for direct king water and foodstuffs at high application temperatu-
contact with drinking water as per ACS, KTW, W270, res and requiring hydrolysis resistance.
WRAS and NSF directives. EU and FDA conform.
XE 4102 Carbon-fibre-reinforced (30 wt %) injection-moulding gra- Stiff, light and dimensionally accurate technical parts in
(HT3C-30) de based on polyphthalamide PA10T/X66. Very stiff and mechanical engineering and automotive applications. Tri-
strong, low density, conductive, very good resistance to bologically stressed functional components in contact
chemicals. Made partly of renewable raw materials. with chemicals and providing a good performance at
high application temperatures.
HT3Z LF Non-reinforced injection-moulding grade, impact resi- Durable, dimensionally accurate bearing components in
black stant, PTFE modified, based on polyphthalamide, mechanical engineering, automotive and electro applica-
PA10T/X. Very good resistance to chemicals and dimen- tions. Tribologically stressed functional components (joint
sional stability. Made partly of renewable raw materials. sleeves, bearing halves, guide channels, sliders) in
contact with chemicals and requiring high performance
values at high application temperatures.
HT3Z black Non-reinforced injection-moulding grade, impact resi- Durable, dimensionally accurate bearing components in
stant, PA10T/X. Very good resistance to chemicals and mechanical engineering, automotive and electro applica-
dimensional stability. Made partly of renewable raw ma- tions in contact with chemicals and requiring high perfor-
terials. mance values at high application temperatures.
XE 4202 Extrusion grade unreinforced on polyphthalamide Smooth and corrugated tubes requiring high chemical and
black 9564 PA10T/X-HI. temperature resistance (e.g. tubes for Urea, oil etc. under
the bonnet).
6
Grivory Characteristics and properties Application areas
HT3 grades
XE 4134 Injection-moulding grade with 30 wt % glass-fibre rein- Stiff and durable, dimensionally accurate bearing com-
(HT3VX-30) forcement, optimised against warpage, based on po- ponents in mechanical engineering, automotive and elec-
lyphthalamide, PA10T/X. Very good resistance to che- tro applications at high operating temperatures. Compo-
micals and dimensional stability. Made partly from rene- nents exposed to high internal pressure and those with
wable raw materials. high requirements regarding distortion.
XE 4027 Flame retardant, halogen-free injection-moulding grade Self-extinguishing, stiff, dimensionally accurate technical
(HT3V-30 V0) with 30 wt % glass-fibre reinforcement, based on po- parts in electro applications where a V-0 flammability
lyphthalamide PA10T/X. Self-extinguishing (UL 94 V-0), classification of the material (as per UL 94) is a manda-
good flow properties. Stiff and strong at high applicati- tory prerequisite. Suitable for lead-free SMT reflow solde-
on temperatures. Light inherent colour, colourable. UL li- ring e.g. as per JEDEC J-STD-020C.
sted including RTI. Optimised against corrosion. Satisfies
RoHS regulations and WEEE requirements. Made partly
of renewable raw materials.
XE 4120 Flame retardant, halogen-free injection-moulding grades Self-extinguishing, stiff, dimensionally accurate technical
(HT3V-30 V0 CO) with 30 wt % glass-fibre reinforcement, based on po- parts in electro applications where the V-0 flammability
lyphthalamide PA10T/X. Self-extinguishing (UL 94 V-0), classification of the material (as per UL 94) is a manda-
good flow properties. Stiff and strong at high applicati- tory prerequisite. Excellent suitability for lead-free SMT re-
on temperatures. UL listed including. Satisfies RoHS re- flow soldering e.g. STM plug connectors as per JEDEC J-
gulations and WEEE requirements. Excellent suitability STD-020C.
for soldering (SMT reflow soldering), optimised against
corrosion.
XE 4164 Injection-moulding grades with 30 wt % glass-fibre rein- Stiff, light and dimensionally accurate technical parts in
(HT3V-30 CO) forcement, based on polyphthalamide, PA10T/X. electro applications where a HB flammability classifica-
Good flowability, very good resistance to chemicals tion of the material (as per UL 94) is sufficient. Excellent
and dimensional stability. suitability for lead-free SMT reflow soldering e.g. SMT
plug connectors as per JEDEC J-STD-020C.
XE 4185 Flame retardant, halogen-free, non-reinforced injection- Self-extinguishing, dimensionally accurate and durable
(HT3 V0 CO) moulding grades based on polyphthalamide PA10T/X. technical parts in electro applications where a V-0
Self-extinguishing (UL 94 V-0), good flow properties. flammability classification of the material (as per UL 94) is
Good strength values at high application temperatures. a mandatory prerequisite. Excellently suited for lead-free
UL listed. Satisfies RoHS regulations and WEEE require- SMT reflow soldering e.g. SMT plug connectors as per JE-
ments. Excellent suitability for soldering (SMT reflow sol- DEC J-STD-020C.
dering), optimised against corrosion.
XE 4221 Injection-moulding grade with 30 wt % glass-fibre rein- Automotive connector requiring high chemical and tem-
black 9564 forcement based on polyphthalamide PA 10T/X. perature resistance. Grivory XE 4221 red 7325 is suit-
able for laser welding to Grivory XE 4202.
XE 4221 red
7325 (black
appearance)
7
Properties of Grivory HT1 grades
Mechanical properties
8
HTV-3H1 HTV-4H1
black 9205 black 9205
dry 11 000 14 500
Tensile E-modulus 1 mm/min ISO 527 MPa
cond. 11 000 14 000
dry 190 220
Tensile stress at break 5 mm/min ISO 527 MPa
cond. 170 210
dry 2 2
Elongation at break 5 mm/min ISO 527 %
cond. 2 2
dry 50 70
Impact strength Charpy, 23°C ISO 179/2-1eU kJ/m2
cond. 50 70
dry 50 70
Impact strength Charpy, -30°C ISO 179/2-1eU kJ/m2
cond. 50 70
dry 7 8
Notched impact strength Charpy, 23°C ISO 179/2-1eA kJ/m2
cond. 7 8
dry 7 8
Notched impact strength Charpy, -30°C ISO 179/2-1eA kJ/m2
cond. 7 8
dry 280 310
Ball indentation hardness ISO 2039-1 MPa
cond. 270 300
Thermal properties
Melt temperature DSC ISO 11357 °C dry 325 325
Heat deflection temperature HDT/A 1.8 MPa ISO 75 °C dry >280 >280
Heat deflection temperature HDT/C 8.0 MPa ISO 75 °C dry 155 200
Thermal expansion longitudinal 23 - 55°C ISO 11359 10-6/K dry 20 15
Thermal expansion transverse 23 - 55°C ISO 11359 10-6/K dry 50 50
Maximum working temperature long-term ISO 2578 °C dry 150 150
Maximum working temperature short-term EMS °C dry 260 260
Electrical properties
dry 30 30
Dielectric strength IEC 60243-1 kV/mm
cond. 30 30
Comparative tracking index IEC 60112 - cond. 575 600
dry 1.0E+11 1.0E+11
Specific volume resistance IEC 60093 Ω•m
cond. 1.0E+11 1.0E+11
Specific surface resistance IEC 60093 Ω cond. 1.0E+12 1.0E+12
General properties
Density ISO 1183 g/cm3 dry 1.44 1.53
Flammability (UL 94) IEC 60695-11-10 Rating - HB HB
Water absorption 23°C/saturated ISO 62 % - 3.5 3.5
Moisture absorption 23°C/50% r.h. ISO 62 % - 1.8 1.5
Linear mould shrinkage longitudinal ISO 294 % dry 0.20 0.10
Linear mould shrinkage transverse ISO 294 % dry 0.75 0.70
Product designation as per ISO 16396 PA6T/6I PA6T/6I
MH, 12-110, MH, 12-140,
GF30 GF40
8
Grivory HT1 grades
HTV-45H1 HTV-5H1 HTV-6H1 HT1V-65H HT1V-3 FWA HT1V-4 FWA HT1V-5 FWA HT1V-6 FWA HT XE 10811 HT XE 10812
black 9205 black 9205 black 9205 black 9205 black 9225 black 9225 black 9225 black 9225 (HT1VA-4 FWA) (HT1VA-5 FWA)
16 500 18 000 23 000 25 500 11 000 14 500 18 000 23 000 14 500 18 000
16 000 17 500 22 500 25 500 11 000 14 000 17 500 22 500 14 500 18 000
235 250 260 280 190 220 250 260 250 275
230 240 250 270 170 210 240 250 230 260
2 2 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 1.5 2 2
2 2 1.5 1.5 2 2 2 1.5 2 2
75 80 75 60 50 70 80 75 70 70
75 80 75 60 50 70 80 75 70 70
75 80 75 60 50 70 80 75 65 70
75 80 75 60 50 70 80 75 65 70
12 11 11 12 7 8 11 11 11 12
12 11 11 12 7 8 11 11 11 12
12 10 10 11 7 8 10 10 11 12
12 10 10 11 7 8 10 10 11 12
325 340 360 420 280 310 340 360 300 340
320 340 360 420 270 300 340 360 300 340
325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325 325
>280 >280 >280 >280 >280 >280 >280 >280 280 280
205 210 215 240 155 200 210 215 160 185
15 15 15 15 20 15 15 15 15 15
45 40 40 40 50 50 40 40 45 45
150 150 150 150 140 140 140 140 140 140
265 265 270 280 260 260 265 270 250 250
30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 32
30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 31
600 600 600 600 575 600 600 600 600 600
1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+10 1.0E+10
1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+10 1.0E+10
1.0E+12 1.0E+12 1.0E+12 1.0E+12 1.0E+12 1.0E+12 1.0E+12 1.0E+12 1.0E+10 1.0E+10
1.59 1.65 1.78 1.85 1.44 1.53 1.65 1.78 1.53 1.64
HB HB HB HB HB HB HB HB HB HB
3.3 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.0
1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.3
0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.05
0.65 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.70 0.55 0.45 0.25 0.55 0.45
PA6T/6I PA6T/6I PA6T/6I PA6T/6I PA6T/6I PA6T/6I PA6T/6I PA6T/6I PA 6T/6I PA 6T/6I
MH, 12-160, MH, 12-190, MH, 12-220, MH, 12-250, MH, 12-110, MH, 12-140, MH, 12-190 MH, 12-220, MH, C12-140, MH, C12-140,
GF45 GF50 GF60 GF65 GF30 GF40 GF50 GF60 GF 40 GF 50
9
Properties of Grivory HT1 and HT2 grades
Mechanical properties
10 HT1V-3 HY
black 9205
dry 11 000
Tensile E-modulus 1 mm/min ISO 527 MPa
cond. 11 000
dry 190
Tensile stress at break 5 mm/min ISO 527 MPa
cond. 170
dry 2
Elongation at break 5 mm/min ISO 527 %
cond. 2
dry 50
Impact strength Charpy, 23°C ISO 179/2-1eU kJ/m2
cond. 50
dry 50
Impact strength Charpy, -30°C ISO 179/2-1eU kJ/m2
cond. 50
dry 7
Notched impact strength Charpy, 23°C ISO 179/2-1eA kJ/m2
cond. 7
dry 7
Notched impact strength Charpy, -30°C ISO 179/2-1eA kJ/m2
cond. 7
dry 280
Ball indentation hardness ISO 2039-1 MPa
cond. 270
Thermal properties
Melt temperature DSC ISO 11357 °C dry 325
Heat deflection temperature HDT/A 1.8 MPa ISO 75 °C dry >280
Heat deflection temperature HDT/C 8.0 MPa ISO 75 °C dry 155
Thermal expansion longitudinal 23 - 55°C ISO 11359 10-6/K dry 20
Thermal expansion transverse 23 - 55°C ISO 11359 10-6/K dry 50
Maximum working temperature long-term ISO 2578 °C dry 150
Maximum working temperature short-term EMS °C dry 260
Electrical properties
dry 30
Dielectric strength IEC 60243-1 kV/mm
cond. 30
Comparative tracking index IEC 60112 - cond. 575
dry 1.0E+11
Specific volume resistance IEC 60093 Ω•m
cond. 1.0E+11
Specific surface resistance IEC 60093 Ω cond. 1.0E+12
General properties
Density ISO 1183 g/cm3 dry 1.44
Flammability (UL 94) IEC 60695-11-10 Rating - HB
Water absorption 23°C/saturated ISO 62 % - 3.5
Moisture absorption 23°C/50% r.h. ISO 62 % - 1.8
Linear mould shrinkage longitudinal ISO 294 % dry 0.20
Linear mould shrinkage transverse ISO 294 % dry 0.70
Product designation as per ISO 16396 PA6T/6I
MH, 14-110,
GF30
10Grivory HT1 Grivory HT2
HT1V-4 HY HT1V-5 HY HTM-4H1 HT XE 10814 HT XE 10815 HT XE 10827 HT2V-3H XE 4216 XE 4217 HT2V-45H
black 9205 black 9205 (HT1VA-4 HY) (HT1VA-5 HY) (HT1VA-35 HYS) (HT2VS-3HH) (HT2VS-45HH)
14 500 18 000 7 500 14 500 18 000 13 500 11 000 11 000 15 000 16 000
14 000 17 500 7 500 14 500 18 000 13 500 11 000 9 600 13 000 15 500
220 250 105 250 275 230 180 190 230 240
210 240 105 230 260 220 165 150 165 215
2 2 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.7 2.7 2
2 2 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.7 2.7 2
70 80 50 70 70 50 45 55 70 75
70 80 50 70 70 50 45 65 80 75
70 80 20 65 70 45 40 45 60 60
70 80 25 65 70 45 40 45 60 60
8 11 5 11 12 11 9 9 11 11
8 11 5 11 12 11 9 9 11 11
8 10 3 11 12 10 9 7 9 10
8 10 4 11 12 10 9 7 9 10
310 340 260 300 340 295 265 260 270 315
300 340 260 300 340 295 255 210 250 310
325 325 325 325 325 310 310 300 300 310
>280 >280 145 280 280 275 280 280 280 >280
200 210 115 160 185 155 200 200 200 235
15 15 50 15 15 20 20 20 20 15
50 40 50 45 45 60 70 80 70 60
150 150 140 140 140 140 140 150 150 140
260 265 250 250 250 230 260 250 250 265
30 30 32 30 32 31 38 45 45 38
30 30 32 30 31 31 38 45 45 37
600 600 575 600 600 575 600 525 600 600
1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+09 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10
1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+11 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10
1.0E+12 1.0E+12 1.0E+12 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+12 1.0E+12 1.0E+12 1.0E+12
1.53 1.65 1.55 1.53 1.64 1.47 1.42 1.43 1.58 1.56
HB HB HB HB HB HB HB HB HB HB
3.5 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 4.5 5.0 5.4 4.3 4.0
1.5 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 2.0 1.8 2.1 1.7 1.4
0.10 0.05 0.70 0.10 0.05 0.20 0.15 0.20 0.15 0.10
0.55 0.60 0.85 0.55 0.45 0.90 0.80 0.90 0.80 0.75
PA6T/6I PA6T/6I PA6T/6I PA 6T/6I PA 6T/6I PA 6T/X PA6T/66 PA6T/66+X PA6T/66+X PA6T/66
MH, 14-140, MH, 14-190, MH, 12-070, MH, C12-140, MH, C12-140, MH, C14-140, MH,14-110, MH, 14-110, MH, 14-110, MH,14-160,
GF40 GF50 MD40 GF 40 GF 50 GF 35 GF30 GF30 GF45 GF45
11Properties of Grivory HT2 grades
Mechanical properties
12
dry
Tensile E-modulus 1 mm/min ISO 527 MPa
cond.
dry
Tensile stress at break 5 mm/min ISO 527 MPa
cond.
dry
Elongation at break 5 mm/min ISO 527 %
cond.
dry
Impact strength Charpy, 23°C ISO 179/2-1eU kJ/m2
cond.
dry
Impact strength Charpy, -30°C ISO 179/2-1eU kJ/m2
cond.
dry
Notched impact strength Charpy, 23°C ISO 179/2-1eA kJ/m2
cond.
dry
Notched impact strength Charpy, -30°C ISO 179/2-1eA kJ/m2
cond.
dry
Ball indentation hardness ISO 2039-1 MPa
cond.
Thermal properties
Melt temperature DSC ISO 11357 °C dry
Heat deflection temperature HDT/A 1.8 MPa ISO 75 °C dry
Heat deflection temperature HDT/C 8.0 MPa ISO 75 °C dry
Thermal expansion longitudinal 23 - 55°C ISO 11359 10-6/K dry
Thermal expansion transverse 23 - 55°C ISO 11359 10-6/K dry
Maximum working temperature long-term ISO 2578 °C dry
Maximum working temperature short-term EMS °C dry
Electrical properties
dry
Dielectric strength IEC 60243-1 kV/mm
cond.
Comparative tracking index IEC 60112 - cond.
dry
Specific volume resistance IEC 60093 Ω•m
cond.
Specific surface resistance IEC 60093 Ω cond.
General properties
Density ISO 1183 g/cm3 dry
Flammability (UL 94) IEC 60695-11-10 Rating -
Water absorption 23°C/saturated ISO 62 % -
Moisture absorption 23°C/50% r.h. ISO 62 % -
Linear mould shrinkage longitudinal ISO 294 % dry
Linear mould shrinkage transverse ISO 294 % dry
Product designation as per ISO 16396
12Grivory HT2 grades HT2V-5H HT2V-6H HT2VZ-15H HT2VZ-33H HT2VZ-25X HT2V-3H LF HT2V-3X V0 HT2V-4X V0 HT2V-5X V0 HT2C-3X HT2C-3X LF 17 500 20 500 6 000 11 000 8 500 11 000 10 500 13 500 17 000 24 500 24 000 17 000 20 000 6 000 11 000 8 500 11 000 10 500 13 500 17 000 24 000 24 000 250 260 125 200 165 185 140 150 160 275 240 225 235 100 180 140 160 130 145 155 265 210 2 2 3.0 2.5 3 2 2 2 1.5 2 1.5 2 2 3.5 2.5 3 2 2 2 1.5 2 2 85 80 65 55 70 50 40 45 45 55 40 85 80 55 55 60 50 40 45 45 55 40 65 55 45 50 50 45 35 40 40 50 40 65 55 40 45 50 45 35 40 40 50 40 11 11 10 10 9 7 7 9 10 8 7 11 11 10 10 9 7 7 9 10 8 7 11 11 5 9 7 7 6 9 10 7 5 11 11 5 9 7 6 6 9 10 7 5 325 340 175 260 200 270 240 270 295 300 290 325 330 - 240 180 260 230 260 275 290 260 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 >280 >280 265 >280 275 280 >280 >280 >280 >280 280 240 240 100 200 150 170 190 200 200 245 210 15 20 30 20 25 20 25 15 15 15 10 55 35 75 60 65 70 45 50 50 75 70 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 265 265 245 265 255 260 270 270 270 270 240 38 38 33 38 32 37 34 34 34 - 3 37 37 32 37 31 37 34 34 34 - 3 600 600 575 600 600 575 600 600 600 - - 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10 1.0E+10
Properties of Grivory HT3 grades
Mechanical properties
14 XE4063
(HT3V-30H)
dry 9 500
Tensile E-modulus 1 mm/min ISO 527 MPa MPa
cond. 9 500
dry 180
Tensile stress at break 5 mm/min ISO 527 MPa MPa
cond. 165
dry 3
Elongation at break 5 mm/min ISO 527 MPa %
cond. 3
dry 80
Impact strength Charpy, 23°C ISO 179/2-1eU kJ/m2 kJ/m2
cond. 70
dry 70
Impact strength Charpy, -30°C ISO 179/2-1eU kJ/m2 kJ/m2
cond. 60
dry 10
Notched impact strength Charpy, 23°C ISO 179/2-1eA kJ/m2 kJ/m2
cond. 10
dry 9
Notched impact strength Charpy, -30°C ISO 179/2-1eA kJ/m2 kJ/m2
cond. 8
dry 210
Ball indentation hardness ISO 2039-1 MPa cond. 210
Thermal properties
Melt temperature DSC ISO 11357 °C dry 295
Heat deflection temperature HDT/A 1.8 MPa ISO 75 °C dry 260
Heat deflection temperature HDT/C 8.0 MPa ISO 75 °C dry 150
Thermal expansion longitudinal 23 - 55°C ISO 11359 10-6/K dry 20
Thermal expansion transverse 23 - 55°C ISO 11359 10-6/K dry 70
Maximum working temperature long-term ISO 2578 °C dry 150
Maximum working temperature short-term EMS °C dry 250
Electrical properties
dry 38
Dielectric strength IEC 60243-1 kV/mm
cond. 37
Comparative tracking index IEC 60112 - cond. 600
dry 1010
Specific volume resistance IEC 60093 Ω•m
cond. 1010
Specific surface resistance IEC 60093 Ω cond. 1011
General properties
Density ISO 1183 g/cm3 dry 1.37
Flammability (UL 94) IEC 60695-11-10 Rating - HB
Water absorption 23°C/saturated ISO 62 % - 2.4
Moisture absorption 23°C/50% r.h. ISO 62 % - 1
Linear mould shrinkage longitudinal ISO 294 % dry 0.5
Linear mould shrinkage transverse ISO 294 % dry 0.8
PA 10T/X,MH,
Product designation as per ISO 16396
14-100, GF30
14Grivory HT3 grades
XE4065 XE4095 XE4101 XE4102 XE4221 XE4134 XE4164 XE4027 XE4120 XE4185 HT3Z LF HT3Z XE 4202
(HT3V-50H) HT3V-50) (HT3V-40 FWA) (HT3C-30) (HT3V-30/2) (HT3VX-30) (HT3V-30 CO) (HT3V-30 V0) (HT3V-30 V0 CO) (HT3 V0 CO) Extrusion grade
16 000 17 000 13 000 23 000 9 500 10 000 10 500 10 000 11 500 3 000 2 800 2 600 1 300
16 000 16 500 13 000 23 000 9 500 10 000 10 500 10 000 11 500 3 000 2 800 2 600 1 300
230 220 190 250 160 145 150 130 150 60 80 80* -
220 200 175 250 155 140 150 130 145 60 75 80* -
2.5 2 3 2 2.5 2 2 2 2 6.5 6.5 6** 20
2.5 2 2.5 2 2.5 1.5 2 2 2 12 6.5 6** 20
90 80 85 60 40 30 35 50 55 40 100 no brake no brake
80 70 75 60 40 30 35 50 50 35 95 no brake no brake
90 75 80 60 40 30 35 50 45 35 95 80 no brake
80 70 70 60 40 30 35 50 45 30 90 50 no brake
12 11 10 8 8 11 10 8 8 5 6 12 60
12 11 10 8 8 11 10 8 8 5 6 12 60
12 10 9 6 7 11 8 7 6 3 6 12 30
12 10 8 6 7 11 8 7 6 3 6 12 20
245 280 220 250 205 240 270 235 255 150 140 140 80
245 280 220 250 205 240 265 235 255 150 140 140 80
295 295 295 295 265 295 315 295 315 315 295 295 265
270 270 265 270 220 280 275 260 280 130 110 115 75
225 240 190 210 105 165 140 155 155 - - - -
15 15 20 10 20 20 20 20 20 80 80 80 130
65 60 70 80 70 65 70 70 55 80 80 80 140
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 140 140 140 -
260 260 255 260 210 260 260 250 270 260 240 240 -
32 32 32 3 33 35 32 33 33 30 33 33 32
31 31 31 3 33 35 30 33 33 30 33 33 32
600 600 600 - 600 600 600 600 600 600 400 600 600
1010 1010 1010Design data - Short-term behaviour
16
Stress-strain diagram Stress-strain diagram
Grivory HTV-5H1 - dry Grivory HTV-5H1 - conditioned
300 300
-40oC
-40oC
23oC
250 60oC 250
80oC 23oC
100oC 60oC
200
Stress [MPa]
200
Stress [MPa]
120oC 80oC
150 150 100oC
100 100 120oC
160oC
200 Co 160oC
50 50 200oC
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Strain [%] Strain [%]
Stress-strain diagram Stress-strain diagram
Grivory HT2V-5H - dry Grivory HT2V-5H - conditioned
300 300
-40oC -40oC
23 C
o
250 250
60oC 23oC
200
Stress [MPa]
200
Stress [MPa]
80oC
150 100oC 150 60oC
120oC 80oC
100oC
160 C o
100 100 120oC
200oC 160oC
200oC
50 50
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Strain [%] Strain [%]
Stress-strain diagram Stress-strain diagram
Grivory XE 4065 (HT3V-50H) - dry Grivory XE 4065 (HT3V-50H) - conditioned
300 300
-40oC -40oC
250 23oC 250 23oC
60oC 60oC
Stress [MPa]
Stress [MPa]
200 80oC 200
80oC
100oC
150 150
120oC 100oC
120oC
100 160 C o
100 160oC
200oC 200oC
50 50
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4
Strain [%] Strain [%]
16Design data - Short-term behaviour
Tensile E-modulus Grivory HTV-5H1 Tensile E-modulus Grivory HT2V-5H
(A: dry, B: cond.) (A: dry, B: cond.)
22000 22000
20000 20000
Tensile E-modulus [MPa]
A Tensile E-modulus [MPa]
18000 18000
B A
16000 16000
14000 14000
12000 12000
10000 10000 B
8000 8000
6000 6000
4000 4000
2000 2000
0 0
-50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190
Temperature [°C] Temperature [°C]
Tensile E-modulus Grivory XE 4065 (HT3V-50H)
(A: dry, B: cond.)
18000
16000
Tensile E-modulus [MPa]
14000 A
12000
B
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
-50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190
Temperature [°C]
17Design data - Long-term behaviour
18
With static, long-term stressing of a material under These materials creep as a result of the effects of
different mechanical loads, characteristic creep cur- stress and temperature.
ves can be obtained for plastic materials.
Creep curves Grivory HTV-5H1 Creep curves Grivory HTV-5H1 at 80oC
at 23oC / 50 % rel. humidity
1.0
1.8
0.9
1.6
0.8
1.4
0.7
Elongation [%]
Elongation [%]
100 MPa 1.2
0.6
0.5 1.0
80 MPa
0.4 0.8
60 MPa
0.3 0.6 80 MPa
0.2 40 MPa 0.4 60 MPa
40 MPa
0.1 0.2
20 MPa
0.0 0.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Time [hours] Time [hours]
Creep curves Grivory HTV-5H1 at 120oC Creep curves Grivory HTV-5H1 at 150oC
1.6 2.0
1.4 1.8
1.6
1.2
Elongation [%]
Elongation [%]
1.4 40 MPa
1.0
60 MPa 1.2
0.8 1.0 30 MPa
40 MPa 0.8
0.6
0.6 20 MPa
0.4
20 MPa 0.4
0.2
0.2
0.0 0.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Time [hours] Time [hours]
Creep curves Grivory HT2V-5H Creep curves Grivory HT2V-5H at 80oC
at 23oC / 50 % rel. humidity
1.0 2.4
0.9 2.2
2.0
0.8
1.8
0.7 100 MPa 80 MPa
Elongation [%]
Elongation [%]
1.6
0.6 1.4
80 MPa
0.5 1.2 60 MPa
0.4 1.0
60 MPa 0.8
0.3 40 MPa
40 MPa 0.6
0.2
0.4
0.1 20 MPa 20 MPa
0.2
0.0 0.0
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Time [hours] Time [hours]
18Flexural fatigue strength - Wöhler curves
Dynamic long-term stressing may lead to failure of a
construction material. Breakage occurs after a cer-
tain number of stress cycles depending on the inten-
sity of the mechanical flexural stress.
Comparison Grivory HTV-5H1, Grivory HT2V-5H,
Grivory XE 4065 (HT3V-50H),
Flexural fatigue strength (Wöhler Curves) at 23oC
A: Grivory HT2V-5H black
B: Grivory HTV-5H1 black
C: Grivory XE 4065 (HT3V-50H)
280
260
240
Flexural stress [MPa]
220
200
180
160
140 B
120
100 A
80 C
60
40
20
0
1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07
Number of cycles until break
Grivory HTV-6H1 at different temperatures
Flexural fatigue strength (Wöhler curves)
180
160
Flexural stress [MPa]
140
120
100
80 23°C
60 80°C
120°C
40 150°C
180°C
20
0
1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05 1.0E+06 1.0E+07
Number of cycles until break
As per DIN 53442
Frequency of load cycles (reinforced) = 5 Hz
19Resistance to weathering
20
The influence of UV radiation causes a change in In order to test weathering stability, 4-mm-thick test
physical and chemical properties of all plastic mate- bars are exposed to accelerated weathering and
rials. In particular, the combination of radiation, oxy- their stress at break tested by our material testing de-
gen in the air, moisture and temperature may lead to partment after determined periods of time.
a reduction in the working life of construction materi-
als due to chain fission, cross-linking and other oxi- Grivory HT exhibits very good resistance to weathe-
dative processes. ring and is suitable for long-term exterior applicati-
ons. After 10,000 hours of accelerated weathering
Resistance to weathering is dependent on the structu- (acceleration factor 3-4) the stress at break values for
re of the polymers and the kind of filling used (glass, HTV-5H1 black 9205 are more than 95% and for
mineral, carbon black etc.). As the plastic usually suf- Grivory HT2V-5H black 9205, more than 90% of
fers mainly from weathering of the surface area, the the original figures.
service life of a component is largely dependent on
its thickness.
Tensile stress at break of Grivory HT
The working life of polyamide parts is determined after weathering ISO 4892-2
using both accelerated weathering apparatus (filte-
A: Grivory HTV-5H1 black 9205 B: Grivory HT2V-5H black 9233
red Xenon rays according to ISO 4892-2) and in
open-air weathering tests (alpine climate at EMS). 100
98
Tensile stress of break [%]
96 A
94 B
92
90
88
86
84
82
80
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Accelerated weathering [hours]
20Resistance to heat ageing
At raised temperatures, indications of ageing beco- Resistance to heat ageing
me apparent for all plastic materials. Over time, this Arrhenius curve of Grivory HT
ageing has a negative effect on the properties of the
Grivory HTV-5H1
material.
100000
Half-life period tensile stress
These processes are of a chemical nature, e.g. oxi-
dation reactions, but may also be caused by physi- 10000
cal phenomena such as post-crystallisation or chan-
at break [hours]
ges in morphology.
1000
In practice, specification of a temperature-time limit,
within which the properties of the thermally stressed
100
plastic material must remain at an acceptable level, 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
is of great importance.
Temperature [°C]
In order to determine these temperature-time limits,
Testmethod: ISO 2578
extensive testing is carried out in our material testing
Test samples: ISO 20753 Type A1, tensile bar 4 mm
department. This ensures that Grivory HT can be
Criterion: 50 % residual tensile strength
used successfully, even at high temperatures, through
the correct choice of product and grade.
The maximum time or temperature at which the mate-
rial has a remaining 50% of ultimate tensile strength
compared to the original value, can be read from the
data presented in an Arrhenius curve (scale: log
[t]/[1/T] ).
21Resistance to chemicals
22
Grivory HT exhibits very good resistance to a variety or trifluoroacetic acid can cause polyamides to dis-
of chemicals: organic solvents, fuels, oels, fats and solve completely. Glycols and other alcohols as well
alkalis. Strong acids such as sulphuric acid, nitric as water, however, only attack these materials ag-
acid or formic acid cause hydrolytic degradation of gressively at high temperatures. The following list re-
all polyamides; Grivory HT, however, has good resi- fers to resistance at room temperature. Depending on
stance to diluted acids at room temperature. Aggres- the type of chemical involved, higher temperatures
sive chemicals such as cresol, hexafluorisopropanol may have an influence on the degree of resistance.
• Acetic acid, conc. •• Lactic acid conc.
••• Acetone ••• Lubricating oils, grease
••• Acrylate adhesives ••• Magnesium chloride satt.
••• AdBlue (32.5% urea in water) ••• Methane
••• Ammonia, 10% aqueous ••• Methanol
••• Amyl acetate ••• Methyl ethyl ketone
•• Aniline •• Methylene chloride
••• Antifreeze (ethylene glycol) ••• Mineral oil
••• Benzene o Nitric acid, 65% aqueous
• Benzyl alcohol •• Nitrobenzene
••• Biodiesel (e.g. RME, SME, B20) o Oleum
• Bromine, bromine water •• Oxalic acid 10% aqueous
••• Butane • Ozone
••• Butanol ••• Perchlorethylene
••• Calium chloride, satt. ••• Petrol
••• Calcium salts, satt., aqueous ••• Petroleum ether
••• Carbon tetrachloride • Phenole, aqueous
o Chlorine, gaseous • Phosphoric acid 10% aqueous
••• Chlorobenzene ••• Potash (potash salts) satt.
• Chloroform • Potassium permanganate, 1% aqueous
••• Citric acid, conc. ••• Propane
••• Copper sulphate, satt., copper salts, 10% aqueous ••• Pyridine
o Cresol o Resorcinol, alcoholic
••• Crude oil ••• Salicylic acid (saturated).
••• Diesel fuel ••• Sea water
••• Diethyl ether ••• Silicon oil
••• Engine oil ••• Soap solution
••• E10, E85 (fuels containing ethanol) ••• Soda lye 50%, aqueous
••• Ethanol ••• Soda solution, satt.
••• Ethylene oxide ••• Sodium carbonate, 50% aqueous
••• Fats, oils and lubricants ••• Sodium salts, aqueous
o Fluorine • Sodium hypochlorite 5% aqueous
•• Formaldehyde, formalin, 40% aqueous ••• Styrene
•• Formic acid 10% aqueous ••• Sulphur
o Formic acid, conc. •• Sulphur dioxideResistance to water and hydrolysis
Resistance to hot water and hydrolysis The following graph shows the results of storage of
Even at high temperatures, parts made of Grivory Grivory HT1V-3 HY, HT1V-5 HY, PA66 GF30 (hydro-
HTV take up less water and this significantly more slo- lysis stabilised) and PPS GF40 at 110°C. (Specimens
wly, than parts made of polyamide 6 (PA6 GF) or po- used were tensile bars as per ISO 527, 3x3 mm)
lyamide 66 (PA66 GF). Compared to these materi-
als, Grivory HTV shows clearly better resistance to Resistance to hot water, 110°C
water. 100
90
The following graph shows measured values of tensi- A
80
Stress at break [%]
le test pieces (ISO 527, 4x10 mm) made of Grivory 70
B
HT1V-5 FWA and PA6 GF50 after several years sto- 60 C
rage in cold water at 23°C. After 9 years storage in 50
water, strength values of parts made of Grivory 40 D
A: Grivory HT1V-5 HY
HT1V-5 FWA are 180 MPa, much higher compared 30
B: Grivory HT1V-3 HY
to parts made of glass-fibre reinforced polyamide 6. 20 C: PPS GF40
10 D: PA66 GF30 HY
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Resistance to cold water, 23°C Time [hours]
100
90 The relative initial values (100%) refer to the tensile
80 stress at break of test bars conditioned as per ISO
Stress at break [%]
A
70
1110.
60
50
40
30
20 B
A: Grivory HT1V-5 FWA
10
B: PA6 GF50
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time [years]
The relative initial values (100%) refer to the tensile
stress at break of freshly injected, dry parts.
23Resistance to automotive media
24
Grivory HT1 and HT2 exhibit excellent resistance to Tensile E-modulus (MPa), ISO 527, after storage
in monoethylene glycol/water 1/1 120°C
all common automotive media such as coolants, fuels,
20000
oils and lubricants.
Tensile E-Modulus [MPa]
A
Both PPA grades are characterised by their resistance 15000
to mineral oil products and synthetic oils at high tem-
peratures. 10000 B
Resistance to coolants 5000
C
A: Grivory HT1V-5 HY
0
B: Grivory HT1V-3 HY 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
C: PA66 GF30 HY Time [hours]
Tensile stress at break (MPa), ISO 527, after Weight change (%), tensile bars 3x3 mm, after
storage in monoethylene glycol/water 1/1 120°C storage in monoethylene glycol/water 1/1 120°C
14
250
12 C
Stress at break [MPa]
Change in weight [%]
200
A 10
150 8
B 6 B
100
4 A
50
2
C
0 0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Time [hours] Time [hours]
24Resistance to automotive media
Stress at break [ISO 527] after storage in:
A: Grivory HTV-5H1 black 9205 B: Grivory HT2V-5H black 9205
Diesel fuel, 150°C Super petrol (lead-free), 60°C
300
250
A
Stress at break [MPa]
Stress at break [MPa]
B
250 B
A 200
200
150
150
100 100
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Time [hours] Time [hours]
RME, 150°C Brake fluid (DOT4), 135°C
300
250
Stress at break [MPa]
Stress at break [MPa]
A
250
200 B
A
200
B
150
150
100 100
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Time [hours] Time [hours]
Engine oil SAE 10W40, 135°C Sulphuric acid (H2SO4, 36%), 23°C
300
250
A
Stress at break [MPa]
Stress at break [MPa]
250
B
A
200
200 B
150
150
100 100
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Time [hours] Time [hours]
25Comparison to other construction materials
26
- Thermoplastic materials - High-performance thermoplastic materials
Among thermoplastic materials, Grivory HT is posi- At high application temperatures, Grivory HT achie-
tioned in the transition area between high-quality en- ves and exceeds the performance of PPS or PEEK
gineering plastics and high-performance plastics. with regard to hardness, strength and stiffness. At the
same time and also under high temperatures, Grivory
Fundamentally, the polyphthalamide Grivory HT has HT offers good resistance to a wide range of chemi-
the property characteristics of polyamide. Compared cals, dimensional stability and high strength values
even after long-term use. The long-term working tem-
to traditional materials based on polyamide (PA6) or
perature for parts made of Grivory HT lies between
polyamide 66 (PA66), Grivory HT is characterised
140°C and 150°C. Parts made of Grivory HT1 can
by the fact that its mechanical property values are
also resist short-term thermal impulses of up to
hardly influenced by the absorption of water typical 300°C.
of all polyamides. Stiffness, strength and heat deflec- ISO 527, at 120°C
tion temperature values remain at a very high level. 20000
Tensile E-Modulus [MPa]
15000
10000
5000
0
PEEK GF40 PPS GF/MIN65 PPS GF40 Grivory Grivory Grivory
HTV-4H1 HTV-5H1 HTV-6H1
- Thermosets
Even though processing technologies (thermoset/thermoplastic) are different, quality of the finished products with
regard to mechanical-thermal properties can be compared.
Material Tensile stress at break E-Modulus (MPa) Heat deflection temperature
(MPa) HDT/A (°C)
Grivory HTV-3H1 (GF30) 170 11000 280
Grivory HTV-6H1 (GF60) 250 21000 290
Melamine formaldehyde 50 – 90 7000 – 9000 155 – 215
Melamine phenol 55 – 85 7000 – 16000 155 – 200
Phenolic resins 35 – 70 8000 – 12000 110 – 250
The thermoplastic Grivory HT has better values for core properties such as stiffness, strength and heat deflection
temperature than most thermoset injection-moulding compounds. The advantage of thermosets having less costly
raw materials is more than compensated by outlay for post-treatment (deflashing). Another point in the favour of
themoplastic Grivory HT is the fact that it can be used as regranulate or recycled without problem.
26Comparison to other construction materials
- Die-cast alloys These advantages may already become apparent
Grivory HT is excellently suited for the substitution of simply through changes in manufacturing technology
metal, particularly for parts previously made of die- due to the use of a different material.
cast alloys.
Further, in some cases substantial, cost reductions
When used as a substitute for metal the mechanical- can be achieved through integration of design. Com-
thermal properties of Grivory HT are usually sufficient posite (metal/plastic) parts can be made of one ma-
to ensure reliable working of the part. Parts made of terial using Grivory HT, several components of an as-
Grivory HT offer significant weight advantages and sembly can be combined, metal inserts (e.g. thread
are resistant to corrosion without post-treatment of sur- bushing) can sometimes be eliminated.
faces.
Strength of Grivory HT
in comparison to die-cast alloys
A: Grivory HT1V-65H, B: Aluminium, C: Zinc
400
350
C
Stress at break [MPa]
300
A B
250
200
150
100
50
0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Temperature [°C]
Using Grivory HT in place of metals allows manu-
facturing costs to be reduced by 30 – 50 %. Post-
treatment processes typical for die-cast alloys - de-
flashing, coating (colouring) or subsequent cutting of
threads - are no longer necessary.
27Approvals
28
Grivory HT in contact with foodstuffs: UK (WRAS): The Grivory HT "FWA" grades have
EU: Grivory HT FWA grades satisfy the relevant re- been certified by the British Water Regulations Advi-
quirements of the EU directive No. 1935/2004 in- sory Scheme (WRAS). They are approved for appli-
cluding its supplements, as well as the requirements cations in contact with both cold and hot drinking
of the EU directive no. 10/2011 dated January 14, water at temperatures up to 85°C.
2011 as amended.
USA (NSF 61): The Grivory HT "FWA" grades are
USA (FDA): According to the American Food and certified for hot water applications (82°C) by NSF to
Drug Administration (FDA), Grivory HT "FWA" grades NSF/AINSI, Standard 61 ("Drinking Water System
are approved for repeated direct contact with food- Components – Health Effects").
stuffs. Further details for each product can be found
in the "Supplier Compliance Statement for Applicati-
ons in Food Contact". Grivory HT FWA grades:
Grivory HT1V-3 FWA natural + Grivory HT1V-3 FWA black 9225
Grivory HT "FWA" is also certified by NSF to Grivory HT1V-4 FWA natural + Grivory HT1V-4 FWA black 9225
Grivory HT1V-5 FWA natural + Grivory HT1V-5 FWA black 9225
NSF/ANSI Standard 51 (Food Equipment Materi-
Grivory HT1V-6 FWA natural + Grivory HT1V-6 FWA black 9225
als) for contact with foodstuffs. Grivory XE 4101 (HT3V-4 FWA) natural +
Grivory XE 4101 (HT3V-4 FWA) black 9225
Grivory HT in contact with drinking water
Germany (KTW, W 270): The Grivory HT "FWA"
grades have been tested according to KTW recom-
mendations of the German Federal Environmental
Authority and are approved for applications in
contact with hot drinking water (85°C).
In addition, they also satisfy the requirements of the
DVGW worksheet W 270 "Multiplication of micro-
organisms on construction materials for drinking wa-
ter applications - Test and evaluation" governing pro-
tection of drinking water from micro-organisms.
France (ACS): The Grivory HT „FWA“ grades have
been tested according to AFNOR XP P 41-250 and
are approved in France for contact with drinking wa-
ter ("Attestation de Conformité Sanitaire").
28Fire behaviour
Requirements made of plastic materials with regard show the properties listed by UL and are available
to their fire behaviour are varied and follow the na- via internet at: www.ul.com
tional regulations of each country and legislation go-
verning the field of application. For electronic appli- The following Grivory HT products are listed under
cations, an approval from the Underwriters Laborato- the reference number EMS-CHEMIE E53898 in the
ries (UL approval) for both the plastic material and fi- flammability class UL 94 V-0:
nished part is required in the USA and in some Euro- Grivory HT2V-3X V0,
pean countries. The current “Yellow Cards” of the 30 wt% glass-fibre reinforcement
products are also available via internet at: www.ul.com
Grivory HT2V-4X V0,
Flame resistant standard products: 40 wt% glass-fibre reinforcement
The following Grivory HT products are listed under Grivory HT2V-5X V0,
the reference number EMS-CHEMIE E53898 in the 50 wt% glass-fibre reinforcement
flammability class UL 94 HB:
Grivory XE 4027 (HT3V-30 V0),
30 wt% glass-fibre reinforcement
Grivory HTV-3H1 Grivory XE 4120 (HT3V-30 V0 CO)
Grivory HTV-4H1 30 wt% glass-fibre reinforcement
Grivory HTV-5H1
Grivory HTM-4H1 XE 4185 (HT3-V0 CO), non-reinforced
Grivory HT1V-3 FWA RoHS: The products Grivory HT2V-3X V0, HT2V-4X
Grivory HT1V-4 FWA V0, HT2V-5X V0, XE 4027, XE 4120 and XE 4185
Grivory HT1V-5 FWA satisfy the RoHS requirements Directive
Grivory HT1V-6 FWA 2011/65/EU, Restriction of Hazardous Sub-
stances).
Grivory HT2V-3H
Grivory HT2V-45H WEEE: Parts manufactured from Grivory HT2V-3X V0,
Grivory HT2V-5H HT2V-4X V0, HT2V-5X V0, XE 4027, XE 4120, XE
4185 are exempt from requirements concerning “sel-
XE 4164 (HT3V-30 CO), ective recycling” according to Directive
30 wt% glass-fibre reinforcement 2012/19/EU governing recycling of electrical and
electronic waste.
Flame retardant, self-extinguishing products: FMVSS: All Grivory HT products satisfy the require-
The flame-retardant, glass-fibre reinforced Grivory HT ments of FMVSS 302 (ISO 3795, DIN 75200).
"UL 94 V-0" grades contain no halogens or red phos- Their burning rates, measured by a flammability test,
porous. They are self-extinguishing and correspond are lower than 100 mm/min at wall thicknesses >1
to the classification UL 94 V-0. The “Yellow Cards” mm.
29Drying and storage
30
Grivory HT is delivered dried and ready for use in Drying can be carried out using the following me-
air-tight sacks. Pre-drying is not necessary if it is hand- thods:
led and stored correctly.
Desiccant dryer
Sealed, undamaged sacks can be stored for years if
sheltered from the weather. A dry room where sacks Temperature: max. 80°C
are protected from damage is recommended as stor- Time: 4 - 12 hours
age space. Sacks which do become damaged Dew point of the dry air: -40°C
should be resealed air-tight, or the material placed in
an air-tight metal container. It is important that mate- Vacuum oven
rial to be used is stored for some days at processing
temperature so that condensation does not form on Temperature: max. 100°C
the surface of the granules when the sacks are ope- Time: 4 - 12 hours
ned.
Circulating air ovens are not recommended as they
The packaging should be opened shortly before pro- tend to cause moistening of the granules at a high
cessing begins. Material which is in contact with the ambient temperature and with high air humidity.
air for any length of time may reach a critical content
of more than 0.1% in the top layer of granules. Du- The drying time is dependent to a great degree on
ring long dwell times with granules in the hopper, a the moisture content. In case of doubt, drying should
hopper heating system or hopper dryer should be be carried out for about 12 hours.
used.
Drying temperatures above 80°C in a desiccant
Following manufacture, Grivory HT is dried to a con- dryer can lead to yellowing of light-coloured granu-
tent of less than 0.1 % and packed in air-tight sacks. les. A higher temperature can be used (100°C) in a
If the packaging is damaged or the material stored in vacuum oven with lower partial oxygen pressure.
contact with the air for too long, the granules will
need to be dried again. An excessive water content
may become apparent through bubbles or foam in
the melt cake during free ejection or silvery streaking
on the surface of the moulded parts.
30Processing using injection-moulding methods
The processing latitude for Grivory HT1 grades lies surfaces of the mould. Additional abrasion protection
between 330° and 350°C; for Grivory HT2 grades is recommended for areas with a higher flow speed.
between 310°C und 340°C and for Grivory HT3
grades between 300° and 330°C. The recommen- The mould cavity must have large-scale venting, par-
ded processing temperature for each Grivory HT ticularly in the vicinity of the joint lines. Additional ma-
grade is given in the respective data sheet. chined ejectors and venting slits (0.02 mm) must be
planned on the mould parting line.
Screw Basically, all sprue and gating systems can be used
Grivory HT can be processed efficiently using a for processing of Grivory HT grades. As these mate-
single-flighted universal three-zone screw equipped rials set over a relatively narrow range of temperatu-
with a non-return valve. The effective screw length res, the sprue must be large enough to compensate
should be between 18 D and 22 D. for volume reduction during cooling in the holding
Use of a wear-resistant screw is recommended for the pressure phase.
processing of Grivory HT grades with high levels of
glass-fibre reinforcement. Mould temperature
A good heating system combined with a correct
Heating mould temperature is a prerequisite for the manufac-
At least three separately regulated heating zones ture of high-quality injection-moulded articles. The
should be able to achieve barrel temperatures of up mould temperature influences the setting behaviour
to 350°C. A separate nozzle heating system is also and the degree of crystallinity of the article and, the-
necessary. The temperature of the barrel flange must refore, the surface quality, shrinkage behaviour, war-
also be controllable. page, mass tolerance and level of internal stressing.
Die Grivory HT1 grades are processed at mould tempe-
An open die may be used when processing Grivory ratures >=140°C, Grivory HT2 grades at mould tem-
HT, as such a die allows free flowing of the material peratures between 100°C and 140°C and Grivory
and is very long-lasting due to its simple structure. HT3 grades between 110° and 160°C. The requi-
Needle valve nozzles have proved useful if the melt red mould wall temperature is dependant on the geo-
tends to flow out of the die. metry and wall strength (wall thickness) of the com-
ponent. As a rule of thumb it can be said that the lo-
Mould design wer the wall strength of the component, the higher
Design rules typical for thermoplastic materials are the mould wall temperature should be. Mould wall
also valid for mould design. Basically, all kinds of temperatures of up to 190°C are normal for low wall
sprue system can be used for processing Grivory HT. strengths.
Conventional wear-resistant tool steel, hardened to
approx. 56 - 65 HRC, is sufficient for the shaping
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