Governing Tourism Destination with Innovation System in Malang Regency
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Journal of Indonesian Tourism and doi: 10.21776/ub.jitode.2020.008.01.06
Development Studies E-ISSN : 2338-1647
http://jitode.ub.ac.id
Governing Tourism Destination with Innovation System in Malang Regency
Nanda Dwi Meylani*, Kusdi Dea , Yusri Abdillah
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Administrative Science, Universityof Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
Abstract
This research is a descriptive qualitative research that seeks to obtain a new perspective and describe tourism
destination governance based on the innovation system in tourism in Malang Regency. The types of data in this study
are primary data and secondary data. The researcher collected data using interviews, observation, and documentation.
Data is analyzed by carried out throughout the research process, including the preparation of data management and
data collection. The conclusion is carried out continuously by looking for patterns, themes, relationships, explanations,
and causal paths regarding the results of research on tourism destination governance. The results indicate several
problems that must be solved, such as the lack of tourism promotion, the lack of community involvement, limited
material for tourism exhibition, and mismatch in tourism development. To solve the problems, the government must
strengthen SIDa (Regional Innovation System), which consists of a strategic pillar and policy framework.
Keywords: governance, innovation systems,tourism destinations.
INTRODUCTION awareness that tourism is borderless, mainly at
Tourism has developed as a prominent activity, space, and regional areas, so it is
industry around the world, and it has grown essential to govern tourism well.
significantly in recent years. Each country In Indonesia, collaborative governance in
competes to build and develop a tourism tourism still has experienced many forms of
destination, which improves the tourists hampering factors because of its lack of tourism
visitation. Some attempts have been done to actor synergy, including the public sector, which
encourage and enhance the quality of tourism has a role in developing tourism. Collaboration
destination management and competition. has a vital function in reaching development
Tourism development is not only the task of goals; it is a system that connects each other.
government but also the duty of society. Society Collaboration with synergy includes Penta helix
as a community is a pivot determinant to develop collaboration; they are academia, business,
tourism. It presents that tourism stakeholder has government, community, and media. In every
enormous contribution to reach the goals of single destination have to prepare decent
tourism development dan it can never be optimal attraction, amenity, and accessibility, promotion,
without the support of tourism attraction and human resources. The main attraction is
management or party that has the authority of developed by business and community. Amenity
tourism development management [1,2,3]. is designed by industry and government, mainly
Tourism development aims to govern the ministry of public work and housing.
resources and create value-added wisely, Accessibility is produced by the Ministry of
integrated, holistic, and systemic to increase Transportation, and the Ministry of Public Works
experience, sustainable value, and benefit for and Housing. Tourism marketing depends on
society. Indonesia has a strong tourist attraction, mass media; the quantity and quality of human
and it is very potential to be more developed. It resources depend on academia. The target which
has proof of increasing international tourists and determined by the ministry of tourism is 20
local tourists significantly. Tourism in Indonesia billion international tourist and 275 billion local
has already become a development priority tourists in 2019.
sector in 2017 after food, energy, and maritime. Collaborative governance is vital in Indonesia
Development in the tourism sector, as well as Incorporated. It means that every institution,
progress in another area, requires involvement both public and private, that related to a
from many parties in an integrated form to particular goal, can exchange information, share
increase social welfare. It must take an resources, carry out their respective roles in
synergy, and share risks, responsibilities, and only
if they occur quality continuous communica-
*Correspondence address:
Nanda Dwi Meylani tion. Components of the main actors that drive
Email : meilanynanda37@gmail.com the wheels of tourism development are
Address : Department of Business Administration, business/industrial actors, communities and
University of Brawijaya, M.T Haryono 169, Malang
65145
communities, mass media, academics, and the
J. Ind. Tour. Dev. Std., Vol.8, No.1, January 2020 [39]Tourism Destination Innovation System in Malang Regency
(Meylani et al)
government. In this case, the government plays a places visited because it has appeal
role as a facilitator, while the business/industry (attractiveness), facilities (amenities), and access
and the community (community, academics, and (access). A tourist destination must meet the
mass media) are the direct partners of tourism requirements to attract tourists. It has a unique
activities. attraction, and it has the appeal to be seen
The principle of implementing good tourism (something to see) [2,9]. It includes whether in
governance, in essence, is the coordination and the form of tourist attractions or entertainment.
synchronization between existing stakeholders It has a vehicle or place or facility that can be
and active participation that is synergistic, used by tourists on tour (something to do) and
integrated, and mutually reinforcing among feel at home for a more extended stay. It also
tourism stakeholders through Penta Helix provides facilities for shopping (something to
(government, business, academia, media, and buy), both in the form of souvenirs, special foods,
the community). The management of tourism etc. that can be used as souvenirs for tourists
destinations in the Malang district has several visiting there.
obstacles, one of which is the weakness in the The destination is a physical currency of a
accuracy of tourism data collection local tourist destination where visitors shortly
comprehensively, especially about the spend at least one night. It includes products and
development of tourism potential. Lack of tourist attractions during a one-day trip home,
education and technical training of tourism both which has physical and administrative boundaries
for human resources as a manager as well as the by covering management, image, and perception
readiness of society to be involved in tourism on the market competitiveness. Then it merges
also feed one obstacle to unite tourism various stakeholders, including communities,
development programs with managers of other significant associations, and networks for
tourist destinations. The Innovation System is an broader purposes [10].
institutional network and interaction in both the The view of governance in tourism
public and private sectors to initiate, import, destinations is primarily aimed at understanding
modify, and diffuse new technologies [4]. market trends and phenomena, changing the
Another obstacle faced by Malang Regency is management environment of resource capacity,
the low absorption of technology and knowledge locality capacity, and ecosystem. Tourism
that supports tourism. Malang Regency does not destination governance is a series of actions and
yet have an integrated and comprehensive efforts to increase the size of tourism
tourism potential portal that can invite tourists destinations. It started from careful planning to
and investors. Focusing on innovative activities consistent implementation and cautious control
can be an option by building efficient networks to to optimize attractiveness, accessibility, facilities,
other destinations that can contribute to the and the community in the context of ecological,
exchange of information and knowledge. social, and community economy acquisition [10].
Therefore, destinations need to be recognized by Corporate governance in the context of
the importance of knowledge management and corporate governance is the set of processes,
implementation of systems such as, for example, customs, policies, rules, and institutions that
expertise in databases that might be useful for affect the direction, management and control of
securing information and knowledge and used to a company or corporation, which includes
promote innovation activities. Several pieces of relationships between stakeholders involved in
research explored tourism in Malang, for the management of the company [11].
instance, promotion strategy [5], Agrotourism Stakeholders in destination governance are
[6], the impact of tourism on Malang regional shareholders, employees, suppliers, tourists,
economics [7], and the role of the volunteer in banks, creditors, regulators, the environment,
ecotourism [8]. It is still a lack of governance and and the community.
innovation research improving tourism in Malang Tourism destination governance, based on an
Regency. Therefore the research aims to describe innovation system, will bring innovation as an
the governance based on the innovation system essential component in economic renewal.
in Malang regency. Innovation is a process that must get a lot of
Tourism Destination Governance support and attention. The governance view of
Tourism destination is a fundamental factor innovation systems more explicitly brings the role
that encourages tourists to visit some places; the of knowledge into an institution. Components or
actors in innovation can consist of individual
[40] J. Ind. Tour. Dev. Std., Vol.8, No.1, January 2020Tourism Destination Innovation System in Malang Regency
(Meylani et al)
companies, public authorities, and agencies in interviewed several key informants, they are 1)
education, research, and development [4,12,13]. the Head of Tourism and Culture; 2) Head of
The innovation system is by defining multi-actor Tourism Destination Development Division; 3)
structures. A distinctive element of innovation Head of Destination Management and
systems is the infrastructure of innovation, Community Empowerment Section of Malang
including research and renewal of science [14]. Regency; 4) Head of Planning, Infrastructure, and
The functioning of a system lies in the Regional Development Planning; 5) Head of Sub-
relationship and ability to create actions and Division of Natural Resources Planning,
interactions that support collective performance Environment, and Water Resources in the
that is beneficial to the actors and the Regional Planning and Development Agency of
community to develop various synergies and real Malang Regency.
solutions. In the end, the performance of the Secondary data were obtained from the
innovation system must be associated with tourist destination planning report of Malang
effectiveness in generating, disseminating, and Regency, Malang Regency District innovation
exploiting the knowledge that has economic system planning, and other supporting data. Data
benefits [4]. collection techniques in this study were
MATERIAL AND METHOD interviews, observation, and documentation. The
Study Area research instrument used in this study was the
The research is descriptive research with a researchers themselves as observers, interview
qualitative approach method [14]. The guidelines, and field notes.
researchers try to obtain a new view of a Data Analysis
phenomenon and describe clearly and deeply Testing the validity of the data, standard
about tourism destination governance. Then the validation (validity), and reliability (reliability)
researchers deepen on the innovation system in refers to the validity of the construct data
tourism. The focus of this study is to examine the relating to the certainty that what is measured is
social phenomena that occur or are taking place the variable to be measured, namely the
in an area, especially in Malang Regency, about governance of tourism destinations in Malang
the governance of tourism destinations. Regency. The validity of this data is also achieved
The research is located in Malang Regency, by the triangulation process, namely data
East Java. The area still has a problem with how triangulation, observer triangulation, and
to govern a tourism destination. The researchers triangulation theory.
made some contacts with the Department of Data analysis in this study was carried out
Tourism as the manager of the management of from the beginning and throughout the research
tourism destinations in Malang Regency and process took place with two main steps, namely
Bappeda in Malang Regency as the planning compiling data management and collecting data
body. Tourism destinations in Malang Regency [15]. Drawing conclusions in this research is
have great potential in the development of carried out continuously by looking for patterns,
tourism but have problems in the management themes, relations of equations, explanations, and
of their destination. As an observation, causal paths (reduction process) regarding the
researchers observed tourist destinations in results of research on tourism destination
Pujon Kidul is one of the tourism destinations governance and then poured in the form of
that are considered the most capable of temporary conclusions.
collaborating with their stakeholders by RESULT AND DISCUSSION
stimulating the economy of their communities. The researcher found several problems in
Researchers also observed tourist destinations in governing tourism destination with the
Poncokusumo, which is a pilot project for innovation system in Malang regency. After
Regional Agro-tourism Innovation Systems in analyzed the problem, we proposed an idea to
Malang Regency. cope with the problems.
Data Collection The Lack of Tourism Promotion
This study used primary data and secondary Tourism promotion is not optimal, mainly in
data. Researches applied interviews to obtain the international scope, in this case. It is essential
primary data, to several informants, which refers to solving such a problem because tourism
to the qualitative method based on genuine promotion has a role in the perception of traveler
expression from the people [14]. Researches and formation of image destination [16]. The
J. Ind. Tour. Dev. Std., Vol.8, No.1, January 2020 [41]Tourism Destination Innovation System in Malang Regency
(Meylani et al)
promotion must do with exhibitions, mass media, SIDa Strengthening Pillar
and electronic media/IT. The promotion will The strategy used to solve problems using
enhance success if there is an increase in SIDa (Regional Innovation System/Sistem Inovasi
domestic and international tourists. Daerah). It was developed from the strategic
Lack of Community Involvement pillars of improving the innovation system which
In this case, the community does not get consisted ofthe following (Fig. 1).The findings
much involvement in developing tourism relate to the research that SIDa will be significant
destinations. The local government should if there are strong commitment and political will
initiate empowerment for the local community. within the stakeholder [23].
The model of community-based tourism, which 1) SIDa strengthening initiatives were aimed at
involve several parts of participation, should be improving the pillars for the development of
proposed; it might lead to bringing more benefit innovations at the regional level, which are an
to the community as well the business integral part of strengthening the national
[17,18,19]. The more active community will be innovation system. It was also to build an
represented by the amount of local group which ecosystem for the development of innovation
gets involved in developing local tourism and business in accordance with the
destination such as micro, small, and medium objective.
enterprises. 2) Development of Industrial Clusters aims to
develop the best potential of the economic
Data Inaccuracy
sector and improve industrial competi-
Lack of data inaccuracy creates loopholes in
tivenessin accordance with the objectives.
decision making, mainly in this case, the data
3) Development of innovation networks is a
which relate to tourism destination potential.
vehicle for building linkages and partnerships
Reliable data in tourism, such as sound policies
between actors and dynamizing the flow of
and efficient managerial decisions, will provide a
knowledge, innovation, diffusion, and
more accurate forecast [20]. Therefore the
learning in accordance with the objectives.
government must create knowledge manage-
4) Technopreneur development as a vehicle for
ment that provides data banks such as grand
business/economic, social, and cultural
design for developing local tourism potential and
development modernization in accordance
local enterprise registration.
with the goals to be performed.
Limited Material For Tourism Exhibition 5) Development of thematic pillars policy, which
Many materials for tourism exhibition in aims to improve elements of the system
Malang regency has a limited source primarily strengthening thematic and contextual
when the tourism provider does not show their conformity with the objectives.
unique product in the exhibition. Exhibition
tourism has generated direct and indirect
Pillar 1:
economic impacts [21]. The government must Strengthening
the Regional
coordinate will tourism providers and make Innovation
System
reliable data for their unique products.
Mismatch in Tourism Development Pillar 5: Pillar 2:
Regional Strengthening
The development of tourism destinations Thematic of Industrial
Development Clusters
does not work well because many institutions go
for their vested interest. Regional development
involves optimizing the utilization of the region’s
resources in an integrated and harmonious way.
This regional development realized through a Pillar 4:
Pillar 3:
Strengthening
Strengthening
the Innovation
comprehensive approach that includes physical, Technopreneur
Network
economic, social, cultural, and environmental
aspects [22]. The government should increase
the coordination function to run a better plan Figure 1. SIDa Strenghtening Pillar
and execution in one management. It will be
seen as an increasing number of infrastructure The next step must be a need to make a focus
projects and cooperation around different policy framework and never forget the
organizations. integration as well [24]. The focus of SIDa
strengthening is a detailed description of each
[42] J. Ind. Tour. Dev. Std., Vol.8, No.1, January 2020Tourism Destination Innovation System in Malang Regency
(Meylani et al)
element of the Innovation Policy Framework, tion, testing, and quality assurance; development
which includes six keypoints. of utilization of Intellectual Property Right (IPR);
First, focus on developing a general increasing awareness of issues and alignment
framework conducive to the development of with relevant international dynamics (such as
innovation and business. It includes the employment, human rights, etc.); and develop-
development of innovation and business ment of regional branding and/or regional global
database, development of helpful regulations, position.
the amount of investment in the information Table 1. Keypoints of Policy Frameworkfor SIDA
technology, improvement of public services, Strenghtening
government procurement that is a pro-innovative No. Keypoints
business, development of fundamental 1. Focus on developing a general framework which is
innovation and business infrastructure, and conducive to the development of innovation and
providing incentives for innovation and industry. business.
Second, focus on institutional strengthening 2. Focus on institutional strengthening and
and supporting the capacity of information and supporting the capacity of information and
technology or research and development and
technology or research and development, and develop micro, small, and medium enterprises’
develop micro, small, and medium enterprises absorption capabilities.
absorption capabilities. It consisted of the 3. Focus on the collaborative development of
development and enhancement of institutions, innovation and increasing the diffusion of
development of information and technology innovations, best practices, and results of the
support capacity, and development of micro, field.
small, and medium enterprises absorption 4. Focus on encouraging a culture of innovation.
power. 5. Focus on the development and strengthening of
Third, the focus of collaborative development integration/coherence in advancing innovation
is on innovation and increasing the diffusion of systems in the regions.
innovations, best practices, and results of the 6. Focus on aligning with global developments.
field. It includes the development/strengthening CONCLUSION
of cooperative institutions, increased diffusion of A regional development program is a set of
innovations, ethical practices, and results of priority programs that are specifically related to
wealth, and development/strengthening of the achievement of regional development
technology-based services. targets. A regional development at least contains
Fourth, the focus is on encouraging a culture a program of the elected Regional Head which
of innovation. This key point includes the provides strategic priority programs that have
development/strengthening of innovation been formulated based on general policies and
culture through education and innovation required performance indicators (outcomes).
training channels, strengthening of social The results indicate several problems that
cohesion, increasing community participation in must be solved, such as the lack of tourism
innovative creativity, development of innovation promotion, the lack of community involvement,
appreciation and campaigns, and the creation of limited material for tourism exhibition, and
innovative new ventures. mismatch in tourism development. To solve the
Fifth, the focus of development and problems, the government must strengthen SIDa
strengthening of integration/coherence in (Regional Innovation System), which consists of a
advancing innovation systems in the regions.It strategic pillar and policy framework.It is
includes strengthening/developing integrated expected that all Regional Office will support the
innovation system initiatives, growth/enhancing programs and activities, to realize superior
coordination of national and regional policies, regions in Malang Regency, which can compete
and special institutional development/ nationally and internationally.
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