GALLIPOLI ANZAC DAY 2022 - DAWN SERVICE - DVA
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ANZAC DAY 2022
GALLIPOLI
DAWN SERVICE
(
N
Hill 60 Cemetery
Gallipoli Campaign and NZ Memorial
Historical Site
Suvla Bay
Büyükanafarta
ANZAC
BATTLEFIELD
AREA Bigali
Anzac Cove
Aegean
Sea Eceabat
Kum Çanakkale Embarkation Pier The Farm
Cemetery Cemetery
Chunuk Bair,
Atatürk Memorial
No. 2 Outpost
les
Alçitepe NZ Memorial
nel
Cemetery
rda
Da
Cape
Beach
Seddülbahir The Nek
Helles 0 5 kilometres
Anzac Cemetery
Kumkale 0 2 miles Commemorative
Site Walker's Ridge Cemetery
rth
Quinn's
Ari Burnu Cemetery No Post Turkish
Cemetery 57th Regiment
Memorial Kemalyeri
Anzac Cove Memorial
Shrapnel Valley
Cemetery
Beach Cemetery
Lone Pine
each
Cemetery and
ton B
Aegean NZ Memorial
Brigh
Shell Green Cemetery
Sea
Mimoza
Otopark N
Kabatepe
Simulation Centre
0 1000 metres
To Eceabat
0 1000 yards (8.6 kms)
To Kum Hotel
The Australian and New Zealand Governments acknowledge the cooperation
and assistance of the Government of the Republic of Turkey, the Governor of
Çanakkale and the District Governors of Eceabat and Gelibolu. We would also like
to acknowledge the assistance of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission
for its support to the commemorations.
Produced by the Department of Veterans’ Affairs, Canberra,
on behalf of the Australian and New Zealand Governments.
© Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 2022
Cover: The landing at Anzac, 1915 by Charles Dixon, (Oil painting,
1198 x 1962 mm; Archives New Zealand/Te Rua Mahara o te
Kawanatanga, Wellington Office: AAAC 898 NCWA Q388)
CONTENTS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 3 PRE-SERVICE PROGRAM 15 SPIRIT OF PLACE 22 DAWN SERVICE 25 CUSTOMS, TRADITIONS AND PROTOCOLS 41 COMMONWEALTH WAR GRAVES COMMISSION 46
''
, ..
...
- ....._ \-
-
~
A company
of the 8th Battalion,
1st Expeditionary
Force, at the
pyramids at Cairo
in 1915, near where
the Australians
trained for the 2
Gallipoli campaign.
(AWM P02504.001) GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
...
•• ••
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
On the last day of July 1914, with a European war imminent, Australia’s
Opposition Leader and soon to be Prime Minister Andrew Fisher
declared that Australia would support Britain to ‘the last man and the
last shilling’. This sentiment was echoed in New Zealand. Within weeks,
as alliances were invoked and armies mobilised on the far side of
the world, men crowded into recruiting offices around Australia
and New Zealand, eager to get into the fighting. Few imagined the
ordeal which lay ahead.
--
.. _
3
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE --~---·
Less than four months after the outbreak of war, the first transports
carrying Australian and New Zealand troops set off in convoy from
Albany, rendezvousing with ships from Fremantle, and set course for
the northern hemisphere and the war. Everyone thought they were
bound for Europe, but the troops learned en route that they would
be put ashore for further training in Egypt.
By then, the fighting on the Western Front in France and Belgium
— which for the British was the war’s main theatre — had reached
a stalemate. Senior military and political figures sought a way to
break the deadlock. Some believed an assault on Germany’s ally,
the Ottoman Empire — centred on present-day Turkey — might
hold the key.
The plan was to send an Anglo-French fleet through the Dardanelles
on the Ottoman Empire’s Aegean coast and bring the capital
Constantinople under fire, prompting a collapse, bringing relief to
Britain and France’s ally Russia, and opening the warm-water ports
on the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. The naval attack on the
Dardanelles began on 19 February 1915. With fixed forts and mobile
guns on shore and sea mines strewn along the narrow waterway, the
Ottomans defeated every attempt.
In a further attempt on 18 March, sixteen British and French warships
entered the straits, only for three to be sunk and another three
damaged by mines. The surviving vessels retreated and the architects
of the scheme conceded the need for support in the form of infantry
sent to destroy the defences on the Gallipoli peninsula, along the
Dardanelles’ northern shore.
The 11th Battalion en route to the Gallipoli peninsula aboard
HMS London, 24 April 1915. In convoy are HMS Queen, HMS Triumph,
HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Bacchante. Charles Bean described the
experience of the soldiers on the battleships: Every alley-way and
mess-deck in the ships was full of them. The Navy had insisted on
feeding them; it would not let them pay for canteen stores; sailors,
marines, and officers shared in the expense of providing extras
from the ships' canteens. (AWM A02465)
4
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
5 GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
Troops from Australia, New Zealand, Britain, India and France
assembled at nearby Lemnos Island. On the evening of 24 April 1915,
they sailed for the Gallipoli peninsula. Soldiers of the Australian and
New Zealand Army Corps, forever after known as Anzacs, were
allocated a sector around Ari Burnu on Gallipoli’s northern shore.
They were to advance inland, occupy the high ground and initiate an
advance across the peninsula to the Dardanelles, preventing Ottoman
reinforcements reaching the main British and French landings at the
tip of the peninsula at Cape Helles.
They began landing before dawn on 25 April 1915. The Australians
came ashore at what quickly became known as Anzac Cove, followed
later in the day by New Zealanders. An Australian stretcher-bearer
recalled his first time under fire:
No bugle call to wake us this morning but most of us were astir
before the sun rose … From just before daylight as we approached
Gallipoli … a shell came just over No. 13 transport and stirred up
the water to a height of perhaps 60 feet, within 150 yards of us. This
brought home to me the grim reality of war …
At 6.00 am, Australian troops leave a transport ship to embark
on the landing boats for the shore at Gallipoli, 25 April 1915.
(AWM J05589; photographer Harold Arthur Barker)
6
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
7 GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
From the start, progress was slow, hindered by the terrain — steep cliffs
cut by deep gullies, and precipitous ridgelines all carpeted by thick
scrub and overlooked by disciplined and determined Ottoman troops
whose numbers grew as the hours passed. The initial assault quickly lost
momentum as units became separated in the confusion of the landing
and advanced over a landscape more forbidding than any had realised.
By the end of the first day the Anzacs had made scant progress, leading
some senior officers to consider a withdrawal. Instead, the infantry were
ordered to dig in.
8
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICEThe Battle of the Landing, as it became known, went on for more than
a week. Ottoman troops, reinforced and occupying the high ground
that had been a key Anzac objective, could not be dislodged; nor could
they drive the Anzacs from their narrow beachhead. Here and on
Cape Helles the campaign quickly settled into the kind of stalemate that
prevailed on the Western Front and which the campaign’s planners
had been so desperate to end.
Part of the 4th Battalion and the mules for the 26th (Jacob's)
Indian Mountain Battery land on the shore at Gallipoli at 8 am
on 25 April 1915. (AWM J03022; photographer ARH Joyner)
9
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICEIn August, the Anzacs took part in a broader Allied offensive aimed
at breaking out of the beachhead and driving the Ottomans from
the high ground. The attack began with the Australian assault
on Lone Pine, followed by an Anzac advance on the hills in the
northern Anzac area supported by attacks at the Nek and on other
Ottoman positions guarding the high ground.
10
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICELone Pine was a diversion to keep Ottoman reinforcements from
the main assault at Chunuk Bair. The Australians succeeded here
at enormous cost but everywhere else the offensive failed.
The campaign returned to a stalemate, the Anzacs occupying a
slightly larger area but still under siege. The most advanced Anzac
trenches were at Quinn’s Post, a vital position whose fall would
have opened the heart of the Anzac area to Ottoman attack.
Infantrymen haul a naval gun up the slope of Victoria Gully
to a position on the right at Anzac. (AWM J06124)
11
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICERegarded as the most dangerous part of the Anzac line, Quinn’s Post
was just a few metres from Ottoman trenches. A New Zealander,
Cecil Malthus described the awful tension men experienced here:
If hitherto I had had any zeal for the business, the sickening terror of
those tense watches dispelled it. To lie cowering in the darkness of that
cramped and evil-smelling pit, and watch a big bomb spluttering
among the corpses just against our loophole, while waiting for the
burst, was an experience that no man could endure unmoved.
With little chance of success, thousands of men having been
evacuated wounded and thousands more taken off Gallipoli with
illness, with winter approaching and with the enemy now having
high-powered artillery in their arsenal, British high command elected
to order an evacuation. The withdrawal proved to be the most
successful of the Anzac operations.
A combination of effective deception measures on the part of the
Anzacs and the possibility that Ottoman commanders knew of the
evacuation and let it happen, worried that an attack on the retreating
Anzacs would result in heavy casualties, meant the entire force was
taken off the peninsula over several nights without loss. The last
Anzacs left Gallipoli early on 20 December, sailing for Lemnos as the
Anzac shoreline receded into the darkness.
The campaign had lasted eight months, accomplished very little
and left hundreds of thousands of soldiers dead, wounded or ill on
both sides. Most survivors of the Gallipoli Campaign were sent to the
Western Front in 1916, where many lost their lives, while the force’s
mounted arms remained to fight the war against the Ottomans in the
Middle East.
Opposite: Portrait of Cecil Malthus in 1914
from the collection of the Malthus Family.
12
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE13 GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
PRE-SERVICE PROGRAM
16 GALLI P O LI DAW N S E RVICE GA LLIP RV ICE
PRE-SERVICE PROGRAM
WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION
REVEALING GALLIPOLI
In this feature length documentary directed by Wain Fimeri,
three presenters — Australian Dr Peter Stanley, Turk Savas Karakas,
and Irishman Professor Keith Jeffrey — roam the Gallipoli peninsula
and tell stories from where the battles took place. Revealing Gallipoli
tells many remarkable stories of hardship and survival from several
different perspectives.
ANZAC: TIDES OF BLOOD/WHY ANZAC
In this extract from the acclaimed Kiwi-Aussie co-production
Why Anzac, presenter Sam Neill considers what ‘Anzac’ means, a
century after New Zealand and Australian troops landed at Gallipoli
as part of an invasion by British-led forces to capture Turkish territory.
GALLIPOLI EXPERIENCE
A message about the Gallipoli peninsula and the safety and
well-being of visitors to the Anzac Commemorative Site. This will
include information for visitors attending services at either Lone Pine
or Chunuk Bair.
Previous page: Troops of an Australian Battalion on the deck of the battleship
HMS Prince of Wales in Mudros Harbour just before the landings at Gallipoli,
24 April 1915. (AWM A01829)
Opposite: Australian and New Zealand soldiers in a frontline trench
during the Gallipoli campaign, 1915. (AWM C03420)
17
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICEGREAT WAR STORIES –
NEW ZEALANDERS
LOTTIE LE GALLAIS
This episode of the series about New Zealanders in the First World
War looks at Lottie Le Gallais. The Auckland nurse worked on the
hospital ‘mercy’ ship SS Maheno, which transported wounded
soldiers from Anzac Cove.
WILLIAM MALONE
When Taranaki farmer and lawyer William Malone signed up to fight
in the First World War, he was the oldest man in the Wellington
Battalion. Far from being frail, 56-year-old Colonel Malone was fit
and disciplined. The Parihaka veteran became one of New Zealand’s
most important figures at Gallipoli. This short documentary about
New Zealanders in the First World War uses Malone’s diary entries
and an interview with his great-great-great grandson to tell the
remarkable story of Malone’s battalion capturing Chunuk Bair on
8 August 1915.
RIKIHANA CARKEEK
This edition of a series of TV3 shorts retelling New Zealand First
World War stories follows Māori soldier Rikihana Carkeek into war.
The 24-year-old Te Aute College old boy was working as a clerk
in Wellington when he volunteered for the Native Contingent.
His grandson, Te Waari Carkeek, a kaumatua at Te Papa, reads excerpts
from Rikihana’s diary, recounting waiting in Malta for a chance to fight
and the ‘hell on earth’ carnage of Gallipoli. Carkeek returned home to
Otaki and became an Ngāti Raukawa leader.
Opposite: Lieutenant Colonel William George Malone, commander
of the Wellington Infantry Battalion of the New Zealand Expeditionary
Force (NZEF) during the Gallipoli campaign. (McAllister, James,
1869–1952: Negatives of Stratford and Taranaki district.
Ref: 1/1-012824-G. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand)
18
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE19 GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
GREAT WAR STORIES —
AUSTRALIANS
MATRON GRACE WILSON
When Australian nurses of the 3rd Australian General Hospital
landed on the island of Lemnos in August 1915, they were led by
Matron Grace Wilson. This short film tells the story of Matron Wilson
and the work of the nurses who cared for Gallipoli casualties
evacuated to the island during the campaign.
COMMANDER LEIGHTON BRACEGIRDLE
Landing under fire at Suvla Bay in August 1915, the men of the
1st Royal Australian Naval Bridging Train carried out important
engineering work throughout the Gallipoli campaign, and played a
significant role in the eventual evacuation. This short film honours the
contribution of the unit and its commander, Leighton Bracegirdle.
PRIVATE EDGAR ADAMS
This short film explores the fate of brothers Frederick and
Edgar Adams, who both took part in the landing at Gallipoli on
25 April 1915.
MUSICAL PERFORMANCE
A live musical performance by the New Zealand Army Band and
the Australian Army Band.
Opposite: Matron-in-Chief Grace Wilson CBE RRC, Australian Army
Nursing Service, served as principal matron of No. 3 Australian
General Hospital at Lemnos, Abbassia and Abbeville. (AWM H15304)
20
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICEDAWN SERVICES FROM HOME
A compilation of footage from the Dawn Services conducted earlier
in the day at several cities in New Zealand and Australia.
DAWN SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT
A message to visitors about the protocols during the Dawn Service.
21
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICESPIRIT OF PLACE
FIRST WORLD WAR VETERAN AUDIO PIECE
Edwin Hill enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force in September
1914, aged 18. He served at Gallipoli with the 10th Battalion and was
wounded in action, but survived the war. Later in life, he recorded his
memoirs, which included a reflection of his experiences at Lemnos
and Gallipoli. The following piece is an extract from this recording,
describing his training for, and participation in, the landing at
Gallipoli. The screens will remain blank during this account to allow
the audience the opportunity to focus solely on the veterans’ voice.
NEW ZEALAND DEFENCE FORCE READING
Delivered by Warrant Officer Class One Mario Ropitini
AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE READING
Delivered by Leading Seaman Matthias Clayton
…for evermore: SHELL GREEN CEMETERY
This short film examines the creation of the Commonwealth War
Graves cemeteries at Gallipoli, with a particular focus on Shell Green
Cemetery and some of the men buried within.
ROLL OF HONOUR
In this presentation, portraits of some of the Anzacs who died
at Gallipoli are shown on the large screens, as members of the
Australian Defence Force read their names.
SILENCE
"Taratnoke and the man of the arawa [sic Te Arawa] tribe who carved it.
Taratnoke was an ancestor of the carver and a famous chieftain
who paddled a big war canoe and discovered New Zealand."
Image and description from the collection of Major Charles L. Mason,
Royal Engineers, British Army. (AWM P10500.015.002)
22
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE23 GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
DAWN SERVICE
26 GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
DAWN SERVICE
Music provided by the New Zealand Defence Force
and Australian Defence Force
Corporal Raynor Martin
Director of Music,
From the New Zealand Army Band
Major Darren Cole
Director of Music
Australian Army Band
OFFICIAL PARTY ARRIVAL
DAWN SERVICE
Commences at 5:30 am
KARANGA
The Māori Call to Gathering is delivered by
a female member of the New Zealand Defence Force
PLAYING OF THE DIDGERIDOO
Petty Officer Jordon Bradshaw of the Royal Australian Navy,
on behalf of the Australian Defence Force
Previous page: Chaplain Ernest Merrington (right) conducts a communion
service for members of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade at the 'Apex', using two
biscuit boxes as an altar. (AWM P01875.004)
Opposite: Headquarters staff of the Canterbury Mounted Rifles at Gallipoli:
LV Anderson; Captain Stout; Captain Gibbs; Captain Harper; Major Powles,
Commanding Officer; and Major Studholm, Second in Command.
(Powles family: Photographs. Ref: PA1-o-811-18-3. Alexander Turnbull Library,
Wellington, New Zealand)
27
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICEWELCOME AND INTRODUCTION
MASTER OF CEREMONIES
Lieutenant Colonel Sheree Alexander
Commanding Officer of the
2nd Combat Service Support Battalion
Royal New Zealand Army Logistic Regiment
CATAFALQUE PARTY
IS MOUNTED
Members of the New Zealand Defence Force
and Australia’s Federation Guard
CALL TO REMEMBRANCE
Major General John Boswell DSD
Chief of Army
New Zealand Defence Force
COMMEMORATIVE ADDRESS
Delivered by the representative of the
Australian Government
Officers of the 6th Australian Light Horse
Regiment sit at the entrance to a dugout at
Gallipoli. (AWM P01309.015)
28
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE29 GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
QUOTATION BY
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRK
President of the Republic of Turkey (1934)
Spoken by a Turkish Army Officer
Bu memleketin toprakları üzerinde kanlarını döken kahramanlar!
Burada, bir dost vatanın toprağındasınız.
Huzur ve sükûn içinde uyuyunuz.
Sizler, Mehmetçiklerle yan yana, koyun koyunasınız.
Uzak diyarlardan evlâtlarını harbe gönderen analar!
Gözyaşlarınızı dindiriniz.
Evlâtlarınız, bizim bağrımızdadır. Huzur içindedirler ve huzur
içinde rahat rahat uyuyacaklardır.
Onlar, bu toprakta canlarını verdikten sonra, artık bizim
evlâtlarımız olmuşlardır.
Atatürk, 1934
Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives …
You are now lying in the soil of a friendly country.
Therefore rest in peace.
There is no difference between the Johnnies and the Mehmets
to us where they lie side-by-side here in this country of ours …
You, the mothers who sent their sons from far away countries,
wipe away your tears; your sons are now lying in our bosom and
are in peace.
After having lost their lives on this land, they have become our
sons as well.
30
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICEMustafa Kemal Bey (Ataturk), fourth from left, with officers and staff of
the Anafarta Group at Gallipoli, c. August 1915. (AWM P01141.001)
31
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICEHYMN
I Am My Country
I am my country like the flag I fly,
And I will love her ‘till the day I die,
Bound to each other we will always be,
I am my country: for eternity!
And when my future takes me from my past,
And for the shores of home I’d give my last,
Stand me in waters in a peaceful sea,
That’s when I know she belongs to me.
Now I shout from the mountains high
I belong to her,
I belong to her,
Let no man ever doubt that I,
am hers ‘till the day I day I die.
So I shout from the mountains high
I belong to her,
I belong to her,
Let no man ever doubt that I,
am hers ‘till the day I die.
I am my country like the flag I fly,
I will love her to the day I die,
Bound to each other we will always be!
I am my country for eternity!
Stretcher bearers carry a wounded soldier
to waiting barges loaded with other wounded
men. Limited medical care could be given on
the Gallipoli peninsula and medical cases were
evacuated for further treatment to hospital
ships moored off Anzac Cove. (AWM A05784)
32
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE33 GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
COMMEMORATIVE ADDRESS
Delivered by the Honourable Meka Whaitiri,
New Zealand Minister for Veterans
PRAYER OF COMMEMORATION
Chaplain Class 2 Dave Lacey
New Zealand Defence Force
Nōu, e te Ariki, te nui, te mana, te korōria, te wikitōria, me te hōnore.
Nāu te katoa I te rangi, I te whenua.
[Translation: To you, Lord, belongs the greatness, the power, the
glory, the victory and the majesty. All that is in the heavens and the
earth is Yours.]
Lord God, we gather today to honour all those who have served in
the fight for peace and freedom and to remember our fallen.
We come together as peoples of diverse race and creed, but with
a common purpose, to respectfully acknowledge those who gave
their all here. We acknowledge the dedication of all who served
and the heavy price that all nations paid during that troubled time in
our world.
We give thanks that today, instead of facing each other across the
battlefield, we can stand side by side and share our common grief
as we remember our fallen.
May our commemorations today be worthy of all those who
served, and especially those who paid the ultimate price and never
returned home. May they be at peace, today and always, and know
that they are not forgotten, for we have remembered them.
I runga i te ingoa o te Matua, o te Tama, o te Wairua Tapu,
Āmine.
OFFICIAL WREATH LAYING
Official representatives to lay wreaths
34
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICEODE OF REMEMBRANCE (Te Reo Māori)
Warrant Officer Class One Wiremu Moffitt DSD
Sergeant Major of the Army New Zealand Defence Force
E kore rātou e kaumātuatia
Pēnei i a tātou kua mahue nei
E kore hoki rātou e ngoikore
Ahakoa pēhea i ngā āhuatanga o te wā
I te hekenga atu o te rā
Tae noa ki te aranga mai i te ata
Ka maumahara tonu tātou ki a rātou.
All:
Ka maumahara tonu tātou ki a rātou.
ODE OF REMEMBRANCE
Warrant Officer Ivan Petrovic
Warrant Officer Ceremonial – Australian Defence Force
They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old:
Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn.
At the going down of the sun and in the morning,
We will remember them.
Response:
We will remember them.
All:
Lest we forget
LAST POST
ONE MINUTE OF SILENCE
REVEILLE
35
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE36 GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
NATIONAL ANTHEMS
İSTIKLÂL ADVANCE GOD DEFEND
MARŞI AUSTRALIA FAIR NEW ZEALAND
Korkma, sönmez bu Australians all let us rejoice, E Ihowā Atua,
şafaklarda yüzen al sancak; For we are one and free; O ngā iwi mātou rā
Sönmeden yurdumun We’ve golden soil and Āta whakarangona;
üstünde tüten en son ocak. wealth for toil; Me aroha noa
O benim milletimin yıldızıdır, Our home is girt by sea; Kia hua ko te pai;
parlayacak; Our land abounds Kia tau tō atawhai;
O benimdir, o benim in nature’s gifts Manaakitia mai
milletimindir ancak. Of beauty rich and rare; Aotearoa
In history’s page,
Çatma, kurban olayım let every stage God of Nations at Thy feet,
çehreni ey nazlı hilal! Advance Australia Fair. In the bonds of love we meet,
Kahraman ırkıma bir gül! In joyful strains Hear our voices, we entreat,
ne bu şiddet bu celal? then let us sing, God defend our free land.
Sana olmaz dökülen Advance Australia Fair. Guard Pacific’s triple star
kanlarımız sonra helal, From the shafts of strife
Hakkıdır, Hak’ka tapan, and war,
milletimin istiklal! Make her praises heard afar,
God Defend New Zealand.
Opposite: An Australian sniper at Gallipoli. (AWM C04155)
37
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICETHE FINAL BLESSING
Principal Chaplain Darren Jaensch
Director General Chaplaincy
Australian Defence Force
As we depart this solemn place of remembrance, we give thanks
for those who have given their lives in the service of others.
May we go as a people who know life, and hope, and light:
holding fast to that which is good, giving respect and honour to all.
May God bless the bonds of friendship, respect and
understanding that have grown amongst nations once pitted
against each other in this poignant place. And help us to keep
these bonds unbroken in the centuries ahead.
And may we know the blessing of God Almighty, the Father, the
Son and the Holy Spirit, now and always.
Amen.
CATAFALQUE PARTY DISMOUNTS
Members of the New Zealand Defence Force
and Australia’s Federation Guard
CONCLUSION OF SERVICE
OFFICIAL PARTY DEPARTS
All members of the public are invited to the Australian Memorial
Service held at Lone Pine at 10:00 am or the New Zealand Memorial
Service held at Chunuk Bair at 11:30 am. Due to the distance
between each site, you will only have time to attend one of
these services.
Opposite: An Australian soldier stands beside the grave of Lance Corporal
James Gilmour, 9th Battalion. A native of Scotland, Gilmour enlisted
from Ipswich, QLD, and was killed in action on 29 July 1915.
(AWM J05928; photographer Stanley Norman Lawrance)
38
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE39 GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
.. : ,
CUSTOMS, TRADITIONS AND PROTOCOLS
CUSTOMS, TRADITIONS AND PROTOCOLS
KARANGA
The karanga is a ritual call, carried out by wāhine Māori (Māori women)
to open the spiritual portal, to connect to our collective ancestors.
The main purpose of the karanga is to pay tribute to the deceased, to
acknowledge and remember the ultimate sacrifice they made, those
who did not return home and now lie in foreign lands. The kaikaranga
(caller) also conveys important information about the guests present,
the purpose of the occasion and thanks the hosts and the custodians
who now care for our fallen servicemen. Today, the kaikaranga is a
servicewoman from the New Zealand Defence Force.
PLAYING OF THE DIDGERIDOO
The didgeridoo is played here today to acknowledge and pay respect
to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men and women who have
contributed to the defence of Australia in times of peace and war.
CATAFALQUE PARTY
Historically, a catafalque was a support for a coffin, but it has come
to represent a remembrance stone or a tomb. A Catafalque Party was
originally appointed to guard a coffin from theft or desecration. Now it
performs a ceremonial role, honouring the dead.
FLAG PROTOCOLS
Flags are important symbols of all nations, and of those who have
fought and died for those nations, and as such should be treated
with respect at all times. They should not be subjected to indignity
or displayed in a position or size inferior to any other flag.
Previous page: Medical staff and patients of the 3rd Australian
General Hospital on Lemnos Island during the Gallipoli campaign.
(AWM J01438; photographer Albert William Savage)
42
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICEThey should always be flown aloft and free and should not be
allowed to fall or lie upon the ground. Please note that ‘flag draping’
(i.e. wearing the flag as a cape or cloak), allowing the flag to touch
the ground, or defacing the flag by writing on it, may be considered
disrespectful acts and are discouraged at this service.
The flag protocol for Anzac Day ceremonies at Gallipoli is to fly the
Turkish flag on the right and the Australian and New Zealand flags to its
left. In Turkey, as a symbol of mourning and respect, the Turkish flag is
usually fully lowered rather than lowered to half-mast.
When a flag is raised or lowered, or when it is carried past in a parade
or review, all present should face the flag, remove headwear and refrain
from talking. Service personnel in uniform are to salute.
LAST POST
The Last Post is a bugle call which signals the end of the day.
It became incorporated into funeral and memorial services as a final
farewell and symbolises that the duty of the dead is over and they
can rest in peace.
Visitors should stand, remove headwear and refrain from talking
during the playing of the Last Post. Service personnel in uniform are
to salute.
NATIONAL ANTHEMS
Visitors should stand facing the flags, remove headwear and
refrain from talking during the playing of all national anthems.
Service personnel in uniform are to salute.
43
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICECUSTOMS, TRADITIONS AND
PROTOCOLS
ODE OF REMEMBRANCE
Many ceremonies of remembrance include a
recitation of the Ode. It is the fourth stanza of
‘For the Fallen’, a poem written by Laurence Binyon
(1869–1943) in 1914. It can also include the third
stanza. The Ode has been recited in ceremonies
since 1919.
Visitors should stand, remove headwear and
refrain from talking during the reciting of the Ode.
ONE MINUTE OF SILENCE
The practice of observing one minute of silence
originated soon after the First World War and
provides an opportunity for quiet reflection on the
sacrifice of those who served and lost their lives.
Visitors should stand, remove headwear and
refrain from talking during the period of silence.
REVEILLE
In dawn services, the Last Post is followed by
the Reveille. Historically, the Reveille woke the
soldiers at dawn, and the name of the ceremony
is mentioned in sixteenth century books of war.
Until a hundred years ago, the Reveille was
performed on drum and fife; today a solo bugle
or trumpet is used.
Members of the Maori Contingent at No. 1 Outpost, Gallipoli.
(Alexander Turnbull Library Ref: ¼-058101-F;
photographer: James Cornelius Read)
44 44
GALLIPOLI DA
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A N SPEORV
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DAWN SERVICE45 GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICE
COMMONWEALTH
WAR GRAVES
COMMISSION
War cemeteries and memorials in Turkey are managed and
maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC).
The CWGC was founded by Royal Charter on 21 May 1917 and is
responsible for the commemoration of 1.7 million members of the
Commonwealth forces who gave their lives in the two World Wars.
CWGC cares for the graves and memorials of these men and women
at 23,000 locations in more than 150 countries and territories.
The major part of CWGC’s commitment in Turkey will be found on
the Gallipoli peninsula. Almost 36,000 Commonwealth servicemen
are buried or commemorated on Gallipoli, including nearly
25,000 members of British regiments, over 7,200 of Australian units,
more than 2,300 of New Zealand forces, and over 1,500 from the
Indian Army.
During the Gallipoli campaign (25 April 1915 – January 1916), the
dead were buried under battlefield conditions, their final resting
places marked by temporary wooden crosses. Following the Allied
evacuation, Commonwealth forces were unable to revisit the
peninsula until after the Armistice of 1918. It was only then that the
task of recovering, burying and marking the graves of the dead
could be completed and the task of constructing the permanent
cemeteries and memorials begun.
A total of 31 were built, containing the remains of 19,000 servicemen,
of whom only 6,000 were identified.
46
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICEA further 2,500 who were believed to be buried among them
are commemorated in the cemeteries by special Memorials.
The remainder of those buried in unknown graves, or whose remains
were never found, make up the 27,000 named on six memorials to
the missing on Gallipoli.
Local conditions required the CWGC to adapt its template for
cemetery construction. Pedestal grave markers were favoured
over headstones due to the risk of earthquake, and a more discreet
Cross of Sacrifice, embedded into the walls of some cemeteries, was
chosen in what was a predominantly Muslim country.
The high proportion of unidentified casualties gives the cemeteries
on Gallipoli a unique character. Their burial places are marked on
cemetery plans, but their graves are not marked on the ground,
meaning that many cemeteries have wide expanses of open space
dotted with just a few grave markers.
The CWGC’s cemeteries and memorials are physical reminders
of a painful past, but they are also places that have the power to
educate and bring people together in common remembrance.
We encourage you to visit the graves and to spend a quiet moment
reading the names, before departing, the better for the experience
— inspired by those who lie here and determined that they will always
be remembered.
For more information on Turkey war cemeteries and memorials visit:
www.cwgc.org
47
GALLIPOLI DAWN SERVICEMen of the 1st Australian Light Horse Regiment take over new dugouts near No 1 Outpost, on the left of Walker's Ridge. (AWM C02727)
P04358
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