Futuri Acceleratori per la Fisica delle Particelle - Andrea Ghigo XCVIII Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Fisica 18/09/12 Napoli ...
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Futuri Acceleratori
per la Fisica delle Particelle
Andrea Ghigo
XCVIII Congresso Nazionale della Società Italiana di Fisica 18/09/12 Napoli Andrea Ghigo
ABSTRACT
I futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle alte energie saranno
realizzati da collaborazioni mondiali. In questa relazione
verranno riportati i progetti di collisori più importanti in
corso e sarà discusso lo stato dell'arte dell'alta energia e
luminosità per gli acceleratori di adroni e leptoni.
Gran parte del materiale presentato è estratto dalla
recente presentazione di Caterina Biscari all’ Open
symposium “European Strategy Preparatory Group”.
Cracovia 10-12 Settembre 2012 ”
Input also from: Frank Zimmerman, Tatsushi Nakamoto, Steinar Staples,
Lenny Rivkin, Katsuya Yonehara, Wolfram Fischer, Mats Lindroos
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelle
In operation
Colliders - 2006
In construction
VEPP 4M
RHIC LHC VEPP 2000
CESR-C
PEP-II KEK-B
TEVATRON DAFNE
Tau-Charm
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelle
In operation
Colliders - 2012
In construction
VEPP 4M
RHIC LHC VEPP 2000
SUPER KEK-B
DAFNE
Tau-Charm
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelle
6
10
5
10
HE-LHC
10
4 LHC HL-LHC
LHeC
CLIC II
Energy (GeV)
3
TEVATRON
10 ILC CLIC DLEP
SPPS HERA
LEP II LEP3 SuperTRISTAN
2 eRHIC SuperTRISTAN
10 LEP RHIC
ISR TRISTAN
CESR PETRA KEK B SuperKEKB
1 SPEAR DORIS VEPPPEP
IV PEP II SuperB
10 VEPP IV
CEA-BP VEPP III BEPC
PSSR ADONE SPEAR II BEPC II BINP C-T
SLC CESR-C VEPP 2000
0 VEPP-2 DCI
10 VEPP-2M DAFNE
ACO
AdA
VEP-1
-1
10
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Year
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelle
37
10
10
36 SuperB
SuperKEKB
35
10 BINP C-T
HL-LHC SuperTRISTAN
Luminosity (cm-2 sec -1)
34 KEK B ILC LEP3 CLIC II HE-LHC
10 PEP II CLIC DLEP
LHC SuperTRISTAN
eRHIC
33
10 CESR LHeC
DAFNE
BEPC II
TEVATRON CESR-C
32 RHIC
10 HERA LEP II
PEP
DORIS LEP
31 PETRA TRISTAN VEPP 2000
10 BEPC
VEPP IV
ISR SLC
30 SPEAR II SPPS
10
SPEAR
29
10
DCI
28
10
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Year
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelle
37
10
36 SuperB
10
SuperKEKB
35
10 BINP C-T SuperTRISTAN
HL-LHC
DLEP CLIC
Luminosity (cm-2 sec -1)
KEK B CLIC II HE-LHC
10
34
LEP3 ILC
PEP II LHC
SuperTRISTAN
eRHIC
33
10 CESR LHeC
DAFNE BEPC II
CESR-C RHIC TEVATRON
32
10 LEP II
PEP HERA
DORIS LEP
31 VEPP 2000 PETRA
10 BEPC TRISTAN
VEPP IV
SLC ISR
30 SPEAR II SPPS
10
SPEAR
29
10
DCI
28
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Energy (GeV)
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelle
Energy frontiers
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelle
Hadron colliders
12/09/12 Krakow – ESG
C.Biscari - "High Energy Accelerators"
CERN Large Hadron Collider
Builded in the old LEP 26 km long tunnel
Collide pp at 14 TeV (mini-SSC)
Higgs, EW symmetry breaking, new physics up to 1 TeV
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleLHC
Maximum Energy : 7 TeV
Injection Energy : 450 GeV
1’700 circuits, 10’000 magnets
16 rf cavities – 500 MHz
Design Luminosity 1034 cm-2·s-1
No. of bunches per proton beam 2808
No. of protons per bunch (at start) 1,15·1011
Circulating current / beam 0,54 A
Stored beam energy 360 MJ
Stored energy in magnets 11 GJ
Radiated Power per beam (syncrotron radiation) ~ 6 KW
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
21/07/09 Krakow - HEP- Futuri
A.Ghigo 2009 acceleratori per la fisica delle particelle
C.Biscari - "Accelerators R&D" 11LHC dipoles
Helium @ 1.9 K
Horizontal force at 8,33 T (inner and outer layer)1,7 MN/m
Composition of the superconducting alloy Ni_Ti (47Wt% Ti)
Maximum current with NO resistence (1,9 K e 8,33 T) 17000 A
Number de strands per cable 36
Number de Ni-Ti filaments in each strand 6500
Bending radius 2803.95 m
Force on the cable: F = B * I0 * L
with
B = 8.33 T
I0 = 12000 Ampere
L = 15 m
21/07/09 Krakow - HEP 2009
12
F = 165 tons
C.Biscari - "Accelerators R&D"Evolution of Integrated Luminosity (August 16)
Lpeak = 8 1033 cm-2 sec-1
Peak Luminosity
7e33 cm-2 sec-1
4th July
12/09/12 Krakow – ESG
C.Biscari - "High Energy Accelerators"LHC after 4th JULY
LS2 LS3 : HL-LHC
LS1 secure L ~ 1034 and
INCREASE New IR
reliability levelled L ~ 5 1034
ENERGY TO Aiming at L ~ 2 1034
13-14 TeV Experiment upgrades
Start LIU
100-200 ftb-1/year
Lower emitt
250-600 ftb-1/year
+ higher intensity
700 ftb-1/year
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleHL-LHC High luminosity
Main objective: 3000 fb-1 in ~ 10 years
Peak luminosity of 5×1034 cm-2s-1 with levelling
R&D for next 10 years of LHC
• high beam-beam tune shift values: value of ΔQb-b > 0.03 has been routinely reached
• 25 ns instead of 50 – pile up versus lum
• Emittance preservation
• Electron cloud
• Crab cavities option (KEK-B experience)
• Magnet: debris, wear out 5.5 m
• Cryogenics
• R2E
• Current limits
• LIU
• and new collimation system
High gradient quads
+ 5.5 m short dipole
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleHE-LHC (High Energy LHC)
Increasing proton energy beyond 7 TeV:
(2010: study group and workshop)
• reuse of the CERN infrastructure
• “ease” in producing luminosity with proton circular collider
• practical and technical experience gained with LHC
Beam energy set by SC magnets dipole field:
16-20 T == 26 to 33 TeV in the centre of mass.
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleHE-LHC needs substantial advance in many
other domains:
• accelerator physics
• collimation (with increased beam energy and energy density)
• beam injection – strong Injector upgrade (…SPS 1 TeV)
• beam dumping
• handling a synchrotron radiation = 20 LHC > challenge for
vacuum and cryogenics.
Synchrotron radiation will also constitute a real advantage for HE-LHC design: for the
first time a hadron collider will benefit of a short damping time 1-2 hours instead
of 13-25 h (longitudinal and transverse respectively) of the present LHC.
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelle18/09/2012 Napoli SIF A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelle
RHIC
hadron (p and ion) collider
@Brookhaven
creation of a liquid-like
quark-gluon plasma
Au-Au Collisions
at low energies 2.5/4.5 GeV/u:
4 trillion kelvin: breakdown of "normal matter" Polarized p Collisions
at 250 GeV
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelle 19RHIC – a High Luminosity (Polarized) Hadron Collider Heavy ions – up to 100 GeV/n Polarized protons – up to 255 GeV Recent upgrades: 3D stochastic cooling, Recent upgrades: 9 MHz RF, AGS tune Electron Beam Ion Source jumps, polarimeters Lpeak(avg) = 50(30)x1026cm-2s-1 for Au-Au Lpeak(avg) = 165(105)x1030cm-2s-1, Pavg= 52% To date: U-U, Au-Au, Cu-Au, Cu-Cu, d-Au (at 6 energies, spin physics and comparison data for (at 14 energies, full E-scan for Au-Au) A-A) Further upgrades: Further upgrades: 56 MHz SRF, low-energy cooling, p-Au Pol. source, electron lenses, p-3He
Lepton colliders
Future : e+ e- Linear colliders
High gradient cavitiese+/e- Linear Colliders
CLIC and ILC
http://project-clic-cdr.web.cern.ch/project-CLIC-
CDR/CDR_Volume1.pdf
http://www.linearcollider.org/cms/The ILC Global Design Effort*
Americas Europe Asia
Labs labs labs
Budker
ANL BARC
CEA/Saclay
BNL CERN IHEP
FNAL CIEMAT IUAC
JLAB CNRS KEK
LANL STFC Daresubry Lab. RRCAT
LBNL DESY
Tsinghua Univ.
ESRF
LLNL VECC
GSI
SLAC INFN
TRIUMF JINR Universities/Institutes
LAL-Orsay Hiroshima Univ.
Universities/Institutes PSI KNU
Colorado Univ. Nagoya Univ.
Universities/Institutes
Cornell Abertay Univ. Lancaster Univ. PAL
FSU Berlin HU LAPP-Annecy TIFR
Iowa Univ. Birmingham Univ. Legnaro Tohoku Univ.
MSU Cambridge Univ. Liverpool Univ. Tokyo Univ.
Notre Dame Univ. Dundee Univ. Manchester Univ.
Univ. Delhi
Durham Mannheim
IFIC Oxford Univ.
IPJ RHUL
3 Regions IPN-Orsay
IPPP Durham
Rostock
Krakow
16 Countries
76 InstitutesThe CLIC/CTF3 collaboration
24 collaborating institutes
Oslo University
JASRI (Japan)
Ankara University (Turkey) IRFU/Saclay (France) PSI (Switzerland),
JINR (Russia)
Berlin Tech. Univ. (Germany) Helsinki Institute of Physics (Finland) Polytech. University of Catalonia (Spain)
JLAB (USA)
BINP (Russia) IAP (Russia) RAL (England)
KEK (Japan)
CERN IAP NASU (Ukraine) RRCAT-Indore (India)
LAL/Orsay (France)
CIEMAT (Spain) Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular Royal Holloway, Univ. London, (UK)
LAPP/ESIA (France)
Finnish Industry (Finland) (Spain) 21/07/09 Krakow LLBL/LBL
- HEP 2009 SLAC (USA)
(USA)
Gazi Universities (Turkey) INFN / LNF (Italy) NCP (Pakistan)
Svedberg Laboratory (Sweden) 25
C.Biscari - "Accelerators R&D" Uppsala University (Sweden)
J.Adams Institute, (UK) North-West. Univ. Illinois (USA)CLIC ILC
• Dual beam acceleration • Well extablished
technology SuperConducting RF
• R&D at CERN ~ 25 y technology (TESLA,
FLASH, XFEL…)
• Normal conducting
• Decision in 2004
cavities
• Rf cavities ~ TESLA like
• 12 GHz, 100 MV/m
• 1.3 GHz, 31.5 MV/m
• Maximum energy 3 TeV • Maximum energy 1 TeV
cm – Phase I at 0.5 TeV cm - Phase I at 0.5 TeV
• International • GDE (Global Design
collaboration around Effort) - International
CTF3 collaboration
• Site independentILC Gradient: Primary Cost Driver
Linac and Civil: 75% cost
• Feasibility DEMONSTRATED (2000 – 2005)
• European X-FEL in construction @DESY
using this technology
• Challenge: deploy and industrialize
technology in each region
• Realistic in-kind cost models independently
developed in each region
• Prepare for project approval process in each
region
R & D objectives:
1) Transfer technology
2) IndustrializationGlobal SCRF Technology
FNAL, ANL Cornell DESY
SLAC
JLAB LAL
KEK, Japan
Saclay INFN Milan
N. Walker - ILC08 28SRF: 1970 - 2011:
• Gradient progress: – High pressure, high purity
– Standardized recipe rinsing
– Electron beam welding – Solvent / detergent rinse
– Purification (thermal – Diagnostics
conductivity) – Mechanical grinding
– Chemical polishing /tumbling: surface repair
Global Installed Voltage (β=1) SRF for ILC Main Linac Value
ILC ?? C.M. Energy 500 GeV
Beam Rep. rate 5 Hz
EU-XFEL
SNS, FLASH Pulse d uration 1 ms
LEP-II beam current 9 mA
TRISTAN,
HERA, CEBAF Av. field gradient 31.5 MV/m
+/- 20%
HEPL
# 9-cell cavities 14,560
from Hasan Padamsee – SRF2011 # cryomodules 1,680
# RF units (10 MW Kly) 560The CLIC Layout
Drive Beam
Generation
Complex
Main Beam
Generation
Complex
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleCLIC Test Facility (CTF3)
After delay loop
linac Delay Combiner ring
150 MeV e-linac loop
Thermionic source 3.5 A – 1200 ns
Photo injector
Experimental area 28 A - 140 ns
High current, full-loaded linac operation
• 95 % RF to beam efficiency measured
• No instabilitiesCTF3 team
TBTS: Two Beam Acceleration
Maximum gradient Consistency between
145 MV/m • produced power
TD24 • drive beam current
• test beam accelerationCLIC energy staging
Lower energy machine can run most
of the time during the construction
of the next stage. Physics results will
determine the energies of the stages Linac 1 I.P. Linac 2
At each stage the energy can be
tuned to lower values within a factor
three and with limited loss on L 0.5 TeV Stage
performances. Injector Complex
4 km 4 km
~14 km
Linac 1 I.P. Linac 2
1-2 TeV Stage
Injector Complex
7.0-14 km 7.0-14 km
~20-34 km
Linac 1 3 TeV Stage I.P. Linac 2
Injector Complex
20.8 km 3 km 3 km 20.8 km
48.2 kmLayout 14 km, ~100 m deep 31 km, ~100 m deep
LC Main parameters
http://clic-meeting.web.cern.ch/clic-meeting/ComparisonTable.html
Center-of-mass energy ILC CLIC 500 G CLIC 3 TeV
500 GeV Nominal Nominal
Total (Peak 1%) luminosity 2.0(1.5)·1034 2.3(1.4)·1034 5.9(2.0)·1034
Repetition rate (Hz) 5 50 50
Loaded accel. gradient MV/m 33.5 80 100
Main linac RF frequency GHz 1.3 (SC) 12 12
Bunch charge109 20 6.8 3.72
Bunch separation ns 176 0.5 0.5
Beam pulse duration (ns) 1000 177 156
Beam power/linac (MWatts) 10.2 4.9 14
Hor./vert. norm. emitt (10-6/10-9) 10/40 2.4 / 25 0.66/20
Hor/Vert FF focusing (mm) 20/0.4 8/0.1 4 / 0.07
Hor./vert. IP beam size (nm) 640/5.7 202/ 2.3 40 / 1.0
BDS length (km) 2.23 (1 TeV) 1.87 2.75
Total site length (km) 31 13.0 48.3
Wall plug to beam transfer eff. 9.4% 7.5% 6.8%
Total power consumption MW 180 220 415 Energy frontier lepton collider
Full √s is available to generate
particle
Compact
Low synchrotron radiation
Multi-pass acceleration
Multi-pass collisions in ring
Possible to fit a Multi-TeV CoM machine at Fermilab
Small energy spread at interaction region
No beamstrahlung effect
δE/E ≤ 10-3
Katsuya Yonehara @ IPAC12Project X Accelerate Hydrogen ions to 8 GeV using SRF technology. Compressor Ring Reduce size of beam (2±1 ns). Target Collisions lead to muons with energy of about 200 MeV. Muon Capture and Cooling Capture, bunch and cool muons to create a tight beam. Initial Acceleration In a dozen turns, accelerate muons to 20 GeV Recirculating Linear Accelerator In a number of turns, accelerate muons up to Multi-TeV using SRF techlnology. Collider Ring Bring positive and negative muons into collision at two locations 100 meters underground. www.fnal.gov/pub/muon_collider Katsuya Yonehara @ IPAC12
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelle
Laser driven
Plasma e- driven
accelerators:
Transform transverse fields
into longitudinal fields
p driven
Dielectric
wakefields
Demonstrated accelerating Gradients up to 3
orders of magnitudes beyond presently used
RF technologies.
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleLaser driven PLASMA ACCELERATORS
Lasers as tools for fundamental physics
(ELI 1023-25 W/cm2, ELI 4° Pillar, LIL, Russian Mega, Japanese Exawatt, IZEST)
Over few cm
Chirped-pulse amplification
Decrease plasma Computing tools &
density and computing power (PIC
increase laser codes) -> prediction of
power to reduce bubble regime for mono-
total power energetic beams and short
consumption laser pulses V. Malka
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particellee- driven PLASMA ACCELERATORS
Tens of GeV High brilliance, short
pulse e- beams from
photon facilities
GeV
Eacc ~ Nb / sz2
MeV
Higher acceleration (longer – 50 cm) than l-d
Higher final energy spread
Maximum gain < 2 incoming energy..
Going to ramped bunch train, weak blowout, …
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleEURONACC: most important Technical Goals
1. External Optical injection
2. External RF injection
3. LWFA with self injection
4. Multi-stage LWFA
5. Synchrotron radiation with advanced beams
6. Electron beam driven PWFA
7. Proton beam driven PWFA Investments :
8. Betatron radiation in plasma 1 billlion Euro over 10 year horizon
9. Plasma undulator EuroNNAc : 52 institutes
10. Stability and beam quality
11. Polarized beams in plasmas
12. Positron acceleration
13. Femto-second synchronization
14. Power and efficiency
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleHIGGS Factories
HIGGS FACTORIES e+e-
250 GeV
ILC
500 GeV
Linear 250 GeV + Klystron based
Colliders
CLIC 500 GeV
> 500 GeV
e+ e- LEP3 at LHC tunnel
Circular CERN DLEP – New tunnel, 53 km
Colliders
TLEP – New tunnel, 80 km
250 GeV– 40, 60 km tunnel
Super
400
TRISTAN
500HIGGS FACTORIES e+e- rough costs estimations (B$)
500 GeV: 7B$ (2007), 31 km
ILC
next costing end ‘12
240 Klystron based – costing not
Linear Colliders ready
500 GeV : 8B$ (2012), 13 km
CLIC
next costing end ’12
> 500
GeV staging up to 3 TeV
Costing to be defined
e+ e-
LEP3: 1.5B$
CERN
DLEP, TLEP (40, 80 km), 3-4B$
Circular Colliders 2.7, 3.5B$ (40, 60 km), 250 GeV
Super
4B$ – 60 km 400 GeV
TRISTAN
5B$ – 60 km 500GeVHIGGS FACTORIES: g-g Collider E/beam = 80 GeV + Compton Scattering LASER • laser system close to IP for Compton backscattering off the high energy electron beams • electron beam energy lower than for the e+e colliders: 80 GeV, instead of 120 • cross section for Higgs production is high (about 200 fb ) • positrons are not required. • equivalent e-e- luminosity of few 1034cm-2s-1 yielding several 10000 Higgs bosons /year. • possibility of high polarization in both the primary e− and the colliding γ beams
Comparison of possible HIGGS factories
at the lowest energy:
250 GeV for e+e-, 160 GeV for g-g
Reliable SITE Need First COST FUTURE
Technol Ready of HIGGS Within energy
- TESTS R&D Boson 50% conf. UPGRADE
(today level
T0)
ILC 2012 Japan? X 2020 5 1 TeV
CLIC - 2014 GREEN XX 2022 5 3 TeV
klystrons
LEP3 2012 2020 X 2024 2 250 GeV
SuperTRISTAN 2012 GREEN X 2022 3 500 GeV
SAPPHIRE 2016 2016 XXX 2022 ? 160 GeV
New g-g 2016 GREEN XXX >2022 ? 160 GeV
Muon collider 2020 GREEN XXXX 2025 ? 3 TeV
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleLuminosity frontiers
Intensity frontiers
Power frontiers
+ Energy frontiers
N1 N 2
L f
s xs y
Dimension frontiers
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleLuminosity Frontiers in Leptons Factories
Superfactories
New colliding schemes for reducing beam-beam effects
(limiting beam currents and increasing beam dimensions)
• Operating factories Crossing scheme
• BEPC II - tau ‘classical’ scheme
• VEPP2000 -2 GeV round beam
• DAFNE - PHI crab waist - > (SuperB)
• KEKB - B crab cavity
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleBEPCII/(BESIII): upgrade of BEPC,
constructed in 2004-2008.
BEPCII in Beijing — A two-ring factory style machine
— Provide beams to HEP & SR
Luminosity @1.89GeV: 6.49×1032cm-2s-1VEPP 2000 - round beam
Ecm 1 to 2 GeV Lmax achieved 1*1031 cm-2s-1 at 1 GeV
C = 24 m (highest single bunch L at this energy)
1 bunch Potentially 2*1031 cm-2s-1 at 1 GeV
1011 particles 1.6*1032 cm-2s-1 at 2 GeV
21/07/09 Krakow - HEP 2009
52
C.Biscari - "Accelerators R&D"DAFNE – LNF - FRASCATI
e+ e-
E = 0.51 GeVKrakow - HEP 2009
21/07/09
53
1032- "Accelerators
C.Biscari
L = 4.5 cm-2 sec-1R&D"Crab-Waist crossing scheme
Collision with large F is not a new idea …..
Crab-Waist transformation is (P.Raimondi)
Principle: beams more focused at IP + “large” crossing angle (LPA)
+ 2 sextupoles/ring to “twist” the beam waist at the IP (CW)
• Lgeometric gain
sextupole (anti)sextupole • synchro-betatron and
x ,y *x , *y x, y x betatron resonance
suppression
IP
y • Weak parasitic crossing
2
x no CWCW
with compensation! (3D)(3D)
compensation!
no CW compensation!
with CW compensation!
Y
e+ e-
2sx/
2sz* z
2sz
2sx
E. Paoloni, SuperB caseGain in luminosity
KLOE classical with apparatus solenoidal field Siddharta CRAB waist without solenoidal field
Lmax =1.7 1032 cm-2 sec-1 Lmax = 4.5 1032 cm-2 sec-1
0.4 pbarn-1 / hour 1.0 pbarn-1 / hour
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleSuperB @ Tor Vergata University campus
Layout
Main parameters
Parameter SuperB
IP HER (e+) LER (e-)
Main Rings Luminosity (cm-2s-1) 1036
C (m) 1200
E (GeV) 6.7 4.18
Crossing angle (mrad) 60
Piwinski angle 20.8 16.9
LER Spin
Rotators I (mA) 1900 2440
ex/y (nm/pm) (with IBS) 2/5 2.5/6.2
IP sx/y (mm/nm) 7.2/36 8.9/36
FEL Hall sl (mm) 5 5
N. bunches 978
Part/bunch (x1010) 5.1 6.6
sE/E (x10-4) 6.4 7.3
bb tune shift (x/y) 0.0026/0.107 0.004/0.107
Injection &
Beam losses (MeV) 2.1 0.86
RF section
Total beam lifetime (s) 254 269
Polarization (%) 0 70-80
RF (MHz) 476
Linac
complex
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleContribution ID: 561
SuperKEKB collider The SuperKEKB accelerator status
e+ 4GeV 3.6 A Colliding
bunches
Belle II
New IR
e- 7GeV 2.6 A New superconducting
/permanent final
focusing quads near the
New beam pipe
& bellows SuperKEKB IP
Replace short dipoles
with longer ones (LER)
Add / modify RF systems
for higher beam current
Low emittance
positrons to inject Positron source
Damping ring
Redesign the lattices of HER New positron target /
& LER to squeeze the capture section
emittance
Low emittance gun
TiN-coated beam pipe
with antechambers Low emittance
electrons to inject
Target: L = 8x1035/cm2/s~1 abarn-1 KEK – B : Highest luminosity ever achieved : : Lmax 2.11 1034
Luminosity Prospects
50ab-1 by ~2020
Results from Belle II @
~10ab-1
LHC(b)
Prospects of ILC… L~8x1035 cm-2s-1
10ab-1 (initial target ) ~ 2016
3year shutdown
for upgrade L~2x1035 cm-2s-1
18/09/2012 Napoli SIF
A.Ghigo - Futuri acceleratori per la fisica delle particelleTimelines of HE projects
2012 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
LHC
HL-LHC
HE-LHC
RHIC
LHeC
eRHIC
Higgs factory ILC
ILC 0.5 TeV
Higgs factory CLIC
CLIC 0.5 GeV
CLIC 3 GeV
LEP3
SuperTristan - TLEP
SAPPHiRE
MUON COLLIDER
LWFA LC
RDR (CDR) TDR R&D Operation Construction PROPOSED APPROVED
12/09/12 Krakow – ESG C.Biscari - "High Energy Accelerators"Thanks for your attention
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