Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern (Higgs & Co) - Future Colliders - Indico
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Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen
Beschleunigern (Higgs & Co)
13. Future Colliders
25.01.2015
Prof. Dr. Siegfried Bethke
Dr. Frank Simon
Important: Exams
If you want to take an exam in this course remember to register!
The time & date for the exam is flexible
(the one given in TUMOnline is a dummy date) - Send me an email to fix one!
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 2
Prelude: Particle Physics Today
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 3
The Role of Colliders
• To explore the smallest constituents of matter, and the particles and interactions that
governed the earliest phases of the Universe, one needs high energies
• In a controlled laboratory setting, such energies can only be reached with
accelerators - and the highest energies are reached in colliding beam configurations
• Progress in particle physics has been closely linked with progress in accelerator (and
detector) technologies - Advances in energy have brought the discovery of new
particles
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 4
The Role of Colliders
• To explore the smallest constituents of matter, and the particles and interactions that
governed the earliest phases of the Universe, one needs high energies
• In a controlled laboratory setting, such energies can only be reached with
accelerators - and the highest energies are reached in colliding beam configurations
• Progress in particle physics has been closely linked with progress in accelerator (and
detector) technologies - Advances in energy have brought the discovery of new
particles
The current state of the art marks the “Energy Frontier”
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 4
The Standard Model - A Collider Success Story
• The “Standard Model” is a result of generations of accelerators, and the interplay of
experiment and theory - it provides testable predictions
c: SPEAR/AGS 1974 ✔
b: Fermilab 1977 ✔
t: Tevatron 1995 ✔
g: PETRA 1979 ✔
W, Z: SppS 1983 ✔
τ: SPEAR 1975 ✔
(ντ: Fermilab 2000 ✔) H: LHC 2012 ✔
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 5
The Standard Model - A Collider Success Story
• The “Standard Model” is a result of generations of accelerators, and the interplay of
experiment and theory - it provides testable predictions
c: SPEAR/AGS 1974 ✔
b: Fermilab 1977 ✔
t: Tevatron 1995 ✔
g: PETRA 1979 ✔
W, Z: SppS 1983 ✔
τ: SPEAR 1975 ✔
(ντ: Fermilab 2000 ✔) H: LHC 2012 ✔
… the Standard Model was established with results from lepton and hadron colliders.
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 5
le new e+e- colliders called “particle factories” were focused on detail exploration
Thelower
a at much World of Colliders
energies.
Vladimir Shiltsev, FHEP Hong Kong, Jan. 2015
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 6
Figure 2: Colliders over the decades.
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
le new e+e- colliders called “particle factories” were focused on detail exploration
Thelower
World of Colliders
olliders: Glorious Past
a at much energies.
?
E~exp(t/5yrs)
UNK
?
V.Shiltsev | IAS-HKUST-2015: Future of HEP
Vladimir Shiltsev, FHEP Hong Kong, Jan. 2015
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 6
Figure 2: Colliders over the decades.
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
29 Colliders Built… 7 Work
Currently Operating or Approved Colliders“Now”
VEPP-2000
VEPP-4M
LHC
RHIC BEPC-II
DAFNE KEK-B
• In total 29 colliders, 7 run “now” Vladimir Shiltsev, FHEP Hong Kong, Jan. 2015
6 V.Shiltsev | IAS-HKUST-2015: Future of HEP
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 7The “Magic” of the Terascale
• Within the Standard Model, there were compelling arguments for discoveries at the
“Terascale”:
• Scattering of W bosons violate unitarity without the Higgs or new physics
needs in addition the exchange of a scalar particle:
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 8The “Magic” of the Terascale
• Within the Standard Model, there were compelling arguments for discoveries at the
“Terascale”:
• Scattering of W bosons violate unitarity without the Higgs or new physics
needs in addition the exchange of a scalar particle:
A guarantee that something has to turn up in the TeV region -
either the Higgs, or some new dynamics in WW scattering
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 8So: What Now?
• With the Higgs, the last particle of the SM has now been observed - and now?
It is obvious that the SM cannot be the final answer, but there is no clear
indication where things will break and what should be the next relevant energy
scale - unlike the “no-loose” situation for the LHC and the Terascale
Two options to move forward:
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 9So: What Now?
• With the Higgs, the last particle of the SM has now been observed - and now?
It is obvious that the SM cannot be the final answer, but there is no clear
indication where things will break and what should be the next relevant energy
scale - unlike the “no-loose” situation for the LHC and the Terascale
Two options to move forward:
➫ Maximise our knowledge based on things we already know
‣ The Higgs: Fully understand electroweak symmetry breaking and the nature of
the Higgs potential
‣ The Top: Measure its properties as precisely as possible - use it as a potential
window for New Physics
‣ Other electroweak precision measurements to look for cracks in the SM
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 9So: What Now?
• With the Higgs, the last particle of the SM has now been observed - and now?
It is obvious that the SM cannot be the final answer, but there is no clear
indication where things will break and what should be the next relevant energy
scale - unlike the “no-loose” situation for the LHC and the Terascale
Two options to move forward:
➫ Maximise our knowledge based on things we already know
‣ The Higgs: Fully understand electroweak symmetry breaking and the nature of
the Higgs potential
‣ The Top: Measure its properties as precisely as possible - use it as a potential
window for New Physics
‣ Other electroweak precision measurements to look for cracks in the SM
➫ Direct searches for New Physics - Explore higher energy scales, and regions of
phase space not yet accessible to find new particles and / or evidence for new
fundamental interactions and phenomena
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 9What will we find at the Energy Frontier?
• Many ideas - some have been discussed in this series:
• Supersymmetry
• New gauge bosons
• “Exotic” phenomena - black holes, extra dimensions
• Dark matter
• ….
All of those ideas might be wrong - and nothing is guaranteed.
Remember: Fundamental research is about open exploration - with uncertain outcome.
The tools in particle physics: high-energy colliders - LHC, and future machines.
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 10Interlude: No Sign for BSM - Give up?
stolen from John Ellis
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 11Interlude: No Sign for BSM - Give up?
• “The more important fundamental laws and facts of physical science have all been
discovered” – Albert Michelson, 1894
stolen from John Ellis
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 11Interlude: No Sign for BSM - Give up?
• “The more important fundamental laws and facts of physical science have all been
discovered” – Albert Michelson, 1894
• “There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and
more precise measurement” – Lord Kelvin, 1900
stolen from John Ellis
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 11Interlude: No Sign for BSM - Give up?
• “The more important fundamental laws and facts of physical science have all been
discovered” – Albert Michelson, 1894
• “There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and
more precise measurement” – Lord Kelvin, 1900
• “Is the End in Sight for Theoretical Physics?” – Stephen Hawking, 1980
stolen from John Ellis
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 11Interlude: No Sign for BSM - Give up?
• “So many centuries after the Creation, it is unlikely that anyone could find hitherto
unknown lands of any value” – Spanish Royal Commission, rejecting Christopher
Columbus proposal to sail west, < 1492
• “The more important fundamental laws and facts of physical science have all been
discovered” – Albert Michelson, 1894
• “There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and
more precise measurement” – Lord Kelvin, 1900
• “Is the End in Sight for Theoretical Physics?” – Stephen Hawking, 1980
stolen from John Ellis
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 11Possible Future Facilities
at the Energy Frontier
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 12Future Facilities at the Energy Frontier - Options
• Two different (complementary) approaches:
• proton-proton colliders:
composite particles:
initial state unknown,
different processes contribute
wide variation of energy in reaction - most at low energy, but with some up to very high energies
dominant production via strong interaction (gluons, quarks):
largest cross-sections and highest sensitivity to strongly interacting particles
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 13Future Facilities at the Energy Frontier - Options
• Two different (complementary) approaches:
• proton-proton colliders:
composite particles:
initial state unknown,
different processes contribute
wide variation of energy in reaction - most at low energy, but with some up to very high energies
dominant production via strong interaction (gluons, quarks):
largest cross-sections and highest sensitivity to strongly interacting particles
• electron-positron colliders:
~ full energy available in reaction - can explore thresholds
electroweak production:
all particles produced with ~ equal probability - particularly sensitive
to electroweak particles, which are suppressed at hadron colliders
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 13Hadrons vs Leptons
• Colliding elementary particles, electroweak “universal” production
• Much more favorable ratio of signal to background
p+p e+e-
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 14Hadrons vs Leptons
• Colliding elementary particles, electroweak “universal” production
• Much more favorable ratio of signal to background
p+p e+e-
x 1010
x 100
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 14Hadrons vs Leptons
Higgs production in pp: (almost)
every particle in the event
originates from other reactions,
only four leptons are from the
Higgs decay
Higgs production in
e+e-: (almost) every particle in the
event originates from the Higgs or
the Z produced with it
• At hadron colliders: Triggering is crucial - Need to pick out events based on
“interesting” signatures out of 109 times higher background
• In e+e- collisions: All reactions are equally probable - overall low event rates, but most are
interesting - no trigger needed, all collisions are analyzed offline
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 15Challenges: Leptons
• Main challenge for circular colliders: Energy loss through synchrotron radiation
• Power proportional to E4/R2 - Loss per turn ~ E4/R
‣ Very hard to compensate increasing energy by increasing radius: Linear colliders
get more attractive with increasing electron energy
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 16Challenges: Leptons
• Main challenge for circular colliders: Energy loss through synchrotron radiation
• Power proportional to E4/R2 - Loss per turn ~ E4/R
‣ Very +hard to compensate increasing energy by increasing radius: Linear colliders
Circular e e machines
-
get more attractive with increasing electron energy
30
of
cost [a.u.]
N. Walker,
N.Walker & BFB. Foster
e in
otons 25
C vs 20
circular
um of
Cost HAUL
15
EP –
linear
imistic 10
st.
5
cular
. 0
200 400 600 800 1000
E CM HGeVL
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:3
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 16Challenges: Leptons
• Main challenge for circular colliders: Energy loss through synchrotron radiation
• Power proportional to E4/R2 - Loss per turn ~ E4/R
‣ Very +hard Circular e +e- machines
to compensate increasing energy by increasing radius: Linear colliders
Circular e e machines
-
get more attractive with increasing electron energy
30 assuming 100 MW beam power
of
cost [a.u.]
N. Walker,
N.Walker & BFB. Foster
e in At Beamstrahlung &
otons 25 tune-shift limit, assuming
100 MW beam power:
C vs 20
circular
um of
Cost HAUL
15
EP –
linear
imistic 10
st.
5
cular
Telnov / Yokoya
. 0
200 400 600 800 1000
E CM HGeVL
(Telnov via Yokoya)
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:3
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 16Challenges: Linear Colliders
• Need high energy and high luminosity
• High energy requires high acceleration gradients
• High luminosity requires low emittance and very small beam size at interaction point
(“nano-beams”)
main linac detector main linac
e- source e+ source
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 17Challenges: Linear Colliders
• Need high energy and high luminosity
• High energy requires high acceleration gradients
• High luminosity requires low emittance and very small beam size at interaction point
(“nano-beams”)
damping main linac detector main linac damping
ring ring
e- source RTML RTML e+ source
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 17Challenges: Linear Colliders
• Need high energy and high luminosity
• High energy requires high acceleration gradients
• High luminosity requires low emittance and very small beam size at interaction point
(“nano-beams”)
damping main linac detector main linac damping
ring ring
e- source RTML BDS BDS RTML e+ source
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 17Challenges: Hadron Colliders
• Main Dipole field (and radius) determines maximum energy: E ~ B x R
‣ 100 TeV requires 16 T main dipoles for a circumference of 100 km (20 T for 80 km)
• 16 T seem achievable with Nb Sn
e LHC dipole cross section showing details of the coil around
3 one of the two beam pipes (see drawing in
better understanding). The highly packed coil demonstrates the concepts discussed in the text. An LHC
• 20 T require HTS magnets - substantial additional challenge
ched strand is shown in the inset.
current density ofTeilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen
high field superconductors Beschleunigern:
(courtesy of P. Lee, Applied Superconductivity Center of
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 18WSPC/253-RAST : SPI-J100 1230003
Challenges: Hadron Colliders
• Main Dipole field (and radius) determines maximum energy: E ~ B x R
‣ 100 TeV requires 16 T main dipoles for a circumference of 100 km (20 T for 80 km)
• 16 T seem achievable with Nb Sn
e LHC dipole cross section showing details of the coil around
3 one of the two beam pipes (see drawing in
better understanding). The highly packed coil demonstrates the concepts discussed in the text. An LHC
ched strand is shown in the inset. L. Rossi & L. Bottura
• 20 T require HTS magnets - substantial additional challenge
etry reproducibility, which
m component of the field
couraging and improving,
tatistics. A cored cable is
to avoid ramp rate effects
low interstrand resistance,
intering. The next genera-
make use of a cored cable,
his issue, which is also rel-
e project.
ll materials have to with-
radiation
current load —
density ofTeilchenphysik
high field to reach
mit höchstenergetischen
superconductors
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Beschleunigern:
(courtesy of
Fig.
P. Lee, Applied Superconductivity Center of
34. Dipole field versus Frank Simon
time(fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 18
for the main past projectsThe Landscape - Past, Present and Future Colliders
Constituent Center-of-Mass Energy [GeV]
Comparison of Colliders
at the Energy Frontier ders CLIC
olli LHC
LHC
n c
10 3 o ILC
a dr
H LHeC
Tevatron
HERA
LEP2 rs
10 2 SppS LEP, SLC li de
l
Tristan − co
e
PETRA e+
PEP
CESR KEK-B
10 ISR SuperKEKB
Spear2 PEP-II
Doris
Spear
Adone
VEP-2 DAFNE
1 ACO
VEP-1
-1
10
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040…
Year of First Physics
taken from Nick Walker
The LHC is a big step forward
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
Excellent potential for major discoveries
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 19The Landscape - Past, Present and Future Colliders
Constituent Center-of-Mass Energy [GeV]
Comparison of Colliders
HL-LHC
at the Energy Frontier ders CLIC
Running
lli LHC
LHC
n co
10 3 o ILC
dr
Ha LHeC
Tevatron
HERA
LEP2 rs
10 2 SppS LEP, SLC li de
l
Tristan − co
e
PETRA e+
PEP
CESR KEK-B
10 ISR SuperKEKB
Spear2 PEP-II
Doris
Spear
Adone
VEP-2 DAFNE
1 ACO
VEP-1
-1
10
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040…
Year of First Physics
taken from Nick Walker
The LHC is a big step forward
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
Excellent potential for major discoveries
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 19The Landscape - Past, Present and Future Colliders
Constituent Center-of-Mass Energy [GeV]
Comparison of Colliders
HL-LHC
at the Energy Frontier ders CLIC
Running
lli LHC
LHC HL-LHC
n co
10 3 o ILC
dr
Ha LHeC
Tevatron
HERA
Plans
LEP2 rs Dreams
10 2 SppS LEP, SLC li de
l
Tristan − co Aspirations
e
PETRA e+
PEP Hopes…
CESR KEK-B
10 ISR SuperKEKB
Spear2 PEP-II
Doris
Spear
Adone
VEP-2 DAFNE
1 ACO
VEP-1
-1
10
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040…
Year of First Physics
taken from Nick Walker
The LHC is a big step forward
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
Excellent potential for major discoveries
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 19The Landscape - Past, Present and Future Colliders
Constituent Center-of-Mass Energy [GeV]
Comparison of Colliders Linear Colliders:
HL-LHC
at the Energy Frontier ders CLIC
Running 30 - 50 km in length
lli LHC
LHC HL-LHC
n co
10 3 o ILC
dr
Ha LHeC
Tevatron
HERA
Plans
LEP2 rs Dreams
10 2 SppS LEP, SLC li de
l
Tristan − co Aspirations
e
PETRA e+
PEP Hopes…
CESR KEK-B
10 ISR SuperKEKB
Spear2 PEP-II
Doris
Spear
Adone
e+e- Linear Colliders
VEP-2 DAFNE
1 ACO
VEP-1
-1
10
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040…
Year of First Physics
taken from Nick Walker
The LHC is a big step forward
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
Excellent potential for major discoveries
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 19The Landscape - Past, Present and Future Colliders
Constituent Center-of-Mass Energy [GeV]
Comparison of Colliders Linear Colliders:
HL-LHC
at the Energy Frontier ders CLIC
Running 30 - 50 km in length
lli LHC
LHC HL-LHC
n co
10 3 o ILC
dr
Ha LHeC Synchrotrons:
Tevatron
HERA
Plans 50 km - 100 km tunnels,
LEP2 rs Dreams
10 2 SppS LEP, SLC li de main drivers typically pp,
l
Tristan − co Aspirations also come with e+e-
e
PETRA e+ option
PEP Hopes…
CESR KEK-B
10 ISR SuperKEKB
Spear2 PEP-II
Doris
Spear
Adone
e+e- Linear Colliders
1
VEP-2
ACO
DAFNE
HE e+e- Storage Rings
VEP-1
-1
10
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040…
Year of First Physics
taken from Nick Walker
The LHC is a big step forward
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
Excellent potential for major discoveries
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 19The Landscape - Past, Present and Future Colliders
Constituent Center-of-Mass Energy [GeV]
Comparison of Colliders Linear Colliders:
HL-LHC
at the Energy Frontier ders CLIC
Running 30 - 50 km in length
lli LHC
LHC HL-LHC
n co
10 3 o ILC
dr
Ha LHeC Synchrotrons:
Tevatron
HERA
Plans 50 km - 100 km tunnels,
LEP2 rs Dreams
10 2 SppS LEP, SLC li de main drivers typically pp,
l
Tristan − co Aspirations also come with e+e-
e
PETRA e+ option
PEP Hopes…
CESR KEK-B
10 ISR SuperKEKB
Spear2 PEP-II
Doris
Spear
Adone
e+e- Linear Colliders
1
VEP-2
ACO
DAFNE
HE e+e- Storage Rings
HE pp Colliders
VEP-1
-1
10
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040…
Year of First Physics
taken from Nick Walker
The LHC is a big step forward
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
Excellent potential for major discoveries
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 19New Colliders - The Line-Up: Linear Colliders
• The International Linear Collider:
a 30 - 50 km long linear tunnel
• e+e- collisions up to 500 GeV / 1 TeV for
Higgs, Top, BSM
• Superconducting acceleration structures,
~ 30 MV/m
• Technologically far advanced: Technical
design report completed in 2012, ILC
technology is being used for XFEL
construction at DESY
• Japan as potential host - Site north of
Sendai (Kitakami)
Current time line
• Construction starting in 2018, physics 2027
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 20New Colliders - The Line-Up: Linear Colliders
• The Compact Linear Collider:
A 50 km long linear tunnel as one of
CERNs future options
• e+e- collisions up to 3 TeV for
Higgs, Top, BSM
• Two-Beam acceleration, 100 MV/m
• Main technological issues
demonstrated, Conceptual Design
report published in 2012
Current time line
• Technical Design by 2018
• Construction could start in 2025,
physics by 2035
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 21Detector (SiD/ILD) specifications
New Colliders - The Line-Up: Linear Colliders
• Concepts for the Experiments (“Detectors”) at ILC and CLIC exist, the physics
capabilities have been studied in detailed simulations
ILD (International Large Detector)
SiD (Silicon Detector)
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 22New Colliders - The Line-Up: Rings
Qinhuangdao ( !
• A ~ 50 km (maybe 70 - 100 km)
circumference ring in China (compare:
LHC 27 km)
50#km##
easy access
• “Dual-use”:
300 km from Beijing • CEPC - e+e- collider with 240 GeV -
3 h by car
1 h by train
just enough for Higgs production
70#km## • SppC - pp collider with ~ 60 TeV -
relies in 20 T dipole magnets
50km
Current time line
• First stage: e+e- - R&D until 2020,
could run by 2030
• Second stage: pp - R&D until 2030,
J. Gao – Introduction to CEPS-SppC Design Status technical design until 2035, could run
by 2042
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 23New Colliders - The Line-Up: Rings
• A ~ 100 km circumference ring at
CERN as one of CERNs future
options (compare: LHC 27 km)
• “Dual-use”:
• FCCee - e+e- collider with ~ 400
GeV - Higgs and Top
• FCChh - pp collider with ~ 100 TeV
- ~16 T dipole magnets
Current time line
•
100km •
Conceptual Design by 2018
R&D, Prototyping until ~2027
• Could run by ~ 2038
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 24The Physics of Future Colliders
- with a slight emphasis on Linear Colliders -
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 25Electron-Positron Colliders: Guaranteed Program
Cross-section [fb]
• The main focus of present studies:
10
3
tt H+X
Higgs and Top physics
•
2
In addition: Interest in high precision 10
measurements at the Z pole and at
the WW threshold 10
1
10-1
10-2
0 1000 2000 3000
s [GeV]
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 26Electron-Positron Colliders: Guaranteed Program
Cross-section [fb]
• The main focus of present studies:
10
3
tt H+X
Higgs and Top physics
•
2
In addition: Interest in high precision 10
measurements at the Z pole and at
the WW threshold 10
CEPC: 250 GeV 1
10-1
10-2
0 1000 2000 3000
s [GeV]
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 26Electron-Positron Colliders: Guaranteed Program
Cross-section [fb]
• The main focus of present studies:
10
3
tt H+X
Higgs and Top physics
•
2
In addition: Interest in high precision 10
measurements at the Z pole and at
the WW threshold 10
CEPC: 250 GeV 1
FCCee / TLEP: 350 GeV
10-1
10-2
0 1000 2000 3000
s [GeV]
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 26Electron-Positron Colliders: Guaranteed Program
Cross-section [fb]
• The main focus of present studies:
10
3
tt H+X
Higgs and Top physics
•
2
In addition: Interest in high precision 10
measurements at the Z pole and at
the WW threshold 10
CEPC: 250 GeV 1
FCCee / TLEP: 350 GeV
10-1
ILC500: 500 GeV
10-2
0 1000 2000 3000
s [GeV]
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 26Electron-Positron Colliders: Guaranteed Program
Cross-section [fb]
• The main focus of present studies:
10
3
tt H+X
Higgs and Top physics
•
2
In addition: Interest in high precision 10
measurements at the Z pole and at
the WW threshold 10
CEPC: 250 GeV 1
FCCee / TLEP: 350 GeV
10-1
ILC500: 500 GeV
ILC1TeV: 1 TeV 10-2
0 1000 2000 3000
s [GeV]
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 26Electron-Positron Colliders: Guaranteed Program
Cross-section [fb]
• The main focus of present studies:
10
3
tt H+X
Higgs and Top physics
•
2
In addition: Interest in high precision 10
measurements at the Z pole and at
the WW threshold 10
CEPC: 250 GeV 1
FCCee / TLEP: 350 GeV
10-1
ILC500: 500 GeV
ILC1TeV: 1 TeV 10-2
0 1000 2000 3000
CLIC: 3 TeV s [GeV]
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 26Electron-Positron Colliders: Guaranteed Program
Cross-section [fb]
• The main focus of present studies:
10
3
tt H+X
Higgs and Top physics
•
2
In addition: Interest in high precision 10
measurements at the Z pole and at
the WW threshold 10
CEPC: 250 GeV 1
FCCee / TLEP: 350 GeV
10-1
ILC500: 500 GeV
ILC1TeV: 1 TeV 10-2
0 1000 2000 3000
CLIC: 3 TeV s [GeV]
The strength of circular machines: High luminosity at low energy - Z and W physics,
some aspects of Higgs physics with high statistics, potentially top threshold physics
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 26Electron-Positron Colliders: Guaranteed Program
Cross-section [fb]
• The main focus of present studies:
10
3
tt H+X
Higgs and Top physics
•
2
In addition: Interest in high precision 10
measurements at the Z pole and at
the WW threshold 10
CEPC: 250 GeV 1
FCCee / TLEP: 350 GeV
10-1
ILC500: 500 GeV
ILC1TeV: 1 TeV 10-2
0 1000 2000 3000
CLIC: 3 TeV s [GeV]
The strength of circular machines: High luminosity at low energy - Z and W physics,
some aspects of Higgs physics with high statistics, potentially top threshold physics
The strength of linear machines: High luminosity at high energy - Full coverage of
Higgs physics, top threshold and continuum physics
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 26e+e-: A Closer Look at Higgs Production
ILC energy range CLIC energy range
CEPC / FCCee energy range
• Several different Higgs production mechanisms
• Access to various Higgs properties
• Different energy to access different processes - from 250 GeV to 1 TeV and beyond
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 27Precision Measurements of the Higgs
• A flagship measurement: Model-independent Higgs couplings
What it means: Measure the coupling of the Higgs to bosons and fermions free from
model assumptions (e.g. how it decays)
• Requires: The “tagging” of Higgs production without observing the particle directly
‣ Not possible at hadron colliders
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 28Precision Measurements of the Higgs
• A flagship measurement: Model-independent Higgs couplings
What it means: Measure the coupling of the Higgs to bosons and fermions free from
model assumptions (e.g. how it decays)
• Requires: The “tagging” of Higgs production without observing the particle directly
‣ Not possible at hadron colliders
The strategy in e+e- collisions:
measure only the Z boson
from the known e+e- center-of-mass energy, calculate
the “recoil mass”:
p
m2rec =s+ m2Z 2EZ s
Exploits: known initial state in e+e-
Requires: Identification of Z independent of decay mode of H (or any other particle)
➫ Best results for Z -> µµ, but (almost) model-independent measurements also possible
in Z -> qq
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 28Model-Independent Measurement of H Production
SiD
full Simulations µ from Z
µ from Z
2
p
m rec =s+ m2Z 2EZ s
e+e≠h and µ+µ≠h channels are shown
y di-boson production (W+W≠, ZZ).
by running exclusively with the 80eR
e+ e ! ZH ! µ+ µ bb̄ ILD, 250 GeV
modes and using
What both 80eR and
this provides: 80eL ZH
Total cross section, and with coupling of H to Z
Channel Mh ‡hZ /‡hZ
(GeV)
+e≠h 0.078 0.041
+µ≠h 0.046 0.037
+e≠h + µ+µ≠h 0.040 0.027
+e≠h 0.066 0.067
+µ≠h 0.037 0.057
+e≠h + µ+µ≠h 0.032 0.043
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 29Model-Independent Measurement of H Production
SiD
full Simulations b - jet µ from Z
from Higgs
µ from Z
2
p
m rec =s+ m2Z 2EZ s b - jet
e+e≠h and µ+µ≠h channels are shown
from Higgs
y di-boson production (W+W≠, ZZ).
by running exclusively with the 80eR
e+ e ! ZH ! µ+ µ bb̄ ILD, 250 GeV
modes and using
What both 80eR and
this provides: 80eL ZH
Total cross section, and with coupling of H to Z
•
Channel
In addition: Reconstruction of specific final states provides access to couplings to
Mh ‡hZ /‡hZ
fermions and bosons via Higgs decay
(GeV)
+e≠h 0.078 0.041
+µ≠h
‣
Makes use of “clean” e+e- environment - also allows the reconstruction of final states
+e≠h + µ+µ≠h
0.046 0.037
0.040 0.027
+ ≠
which are not accessible at hadron colliders: cc, gg
e h 0.066 0.067
+µ≠h 0.037 0.057
+e≠h + µ+µ≠h 0.032 0.043
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 29Higgs Processes at Higher Energy
• Direct measurement of the coupling to the top quark
(requires at least 500 GeV)
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 30Higgs Processes at Higher Energy
• Direct measurement of the coupling to the top quark
(requires at least 500 GeV)
• The ultimate challenge: The Higgs self-coupling
• Directly study the Higgs potential - prove (or disprove) the Higgs mechanism
• First measurements possible at 500 GeV - significant results require 1+ TeV
and high luminosity
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 30Natural SUSY: Light, degenerate higgsinos
New Physics in e+e- - Making the Invisible Visible
Natural SUSY:2 2 2
m tan m
• A key goal:
2 StudyingHdark
mZ = 2 1 tan2u matterHdat colliders2
2 |µ|
) Low fine-tuning ) µ = O(weak scale).
If multi-TeV gaugino masses: √s = 500 GeV
˜01 , ˜02 and ˜±
1 pure higgsino. Rest of SUSY at multi-TeV.
M ˜0 , M ˜± ⇡ µ
1,2 1
Degenerate ( M is 1 GeV or less)
To detect: Tag using ISR photon, then look at rest of event:
SUSY signal and background ... and with an ISR photon in additio
Mikael Berggren (DESY)
Teilchenphysik Discovering SUSY and DM atFrank
mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern: ILCSimon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) ICHEP14
31
WS 15/16, 13: Future CollidersNew Physics in e+e- - Direct Searches
SUSY with no loop-holes
• LHC has already covered quite a large phase space for new particles
No loop-holes
• Particularly powerful for strongly produced particles
• Universal electroweak coupling: EW particles not penalized in e+e-
Compare with LHC, here 350
mχ∼0 [GeV]
Atlas (arXiv:1403.5294v1
The main strength of ): e+e-:
ATLAS Observed limit (± 1 σtheory)
SUSY
∫
1
300 L dt = 20.3 fb , s=8 TeV
-1
Expected limit (± 1 σexp)
SmallDi- and tri-lepton
background - ∼
χ ∼χ →W ∼
± 0
1
(*) 0 (*) ∼0
2
χ Z χ
1 1 ATLAS 4.7 fb-1, s = 7 TeV
searches,
no (or M ˜trigger
very modest) 0 = M ±,
˜1
250 m∼χ± = m∼χ0
1 2
All limits at 95% CL
2
requirements, also(⇤)in analysis
3L+2L combined
∼0
Z
m
mχ1
(⇤) 0 =2
Br( ! W /Z ˜1 )=1.
=
200 0
m∼χ 2
χ∼ 0
-m
1
χ∼ 0
m
1
As illustration:
Note cut x-axis! Here is LEP,
χ∼ 0
<
m
2
χ∼ 0
150
m
2
ATLAS
± EW SUSY search
1 only,
˜(di- any final
/ tri-lepton decay-mode!
states) 100
(JHEP 1405 (2014) 071),
Below thick line: Can’t fulfil
e+e- study: M. Berggren 50
gaugino-mass GUT-relation.
Discovery projections to 14
0
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
m∼χ0, ∼χ± [GeV]
TeV 300/3000 fb 1
2 1
(arXiv:1307.7292v2).
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 32New Physics in e+e- - Direct Searches
SUSY
SUSY with
with no
no loop-holes
loop-holes
• LHC has already covered quite a large phase space for new particles
No
No loop-holes
loop-holes
• Particularly powerful for strongly produced particles
• Universal electroweak coupling: EW particles not penalized in e+e-
Compare with
Compare with LHC,
LHC, here here 350
mχ∼0 [GeV]
Atlas
Atlas ((arXiv:1403.5294v1
strength of):
arXiv:1403.5294v1
The main ):
e+e-:
ATLAS Observed limit (± 1 σtheory)
SUSY
∫
1
300 L dt = 20.3 fb , s=8 TeV
-1
Expected limit (± 1 σexp)
SmallDi-
Di- and tri-lepton
and tri-lepton
background - ∼
χ ∼χ →W ∼
± 0
1
(*) 0 (*) ∼0
2
χ Z χ
1 1 ATLAS 4.7 fb-1, s = 7 TeV
searches,
searches,
no (or MM˜˜trigger
very modest) =M
00 = M˜˜±±,, 250 m∼χ± = m∼χ0
1 2
All limits at 95% CL
22 11
requirements, also in analysis
3L+2L combined
∼0
Z
m
mχ1
(⇤) 00 =2
Br( !
Br( !WW (⇤)
(⇤) (⇤)
/Z
/Z )=1.
˜˜11)=1.
=
200 0
m∼χ 2
χ∼ 0
-m
1
χ∼ 0
m
1
As illustration:
Note
Note cut x-axis!
cut x-axis! Here
Here is is LEP,
LEP,
χ∼ 0
<
m
2
χ∼ 0
150
m
2
±ATLAS
± EW SUSY search
˜˜1(di-only,
1 only, any final
any
/ tri-lepton decay-mode!
decay-mode!
states) 100
(JHEP 1405 (2014) 071),
Below
Below thick line:
thick line: Can’t
e+e- study: M. Berggren
Can’t fulfil
fulfil below thick line:
50
gaugino-mass GUT-relation.
gaugino-mass GUT-relation. gaugino-mass GUT relation
not fulfilled
Discovery
Discovery projections to
projections to 14
14
0
LEP (χ± only) 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
m∼χ0, ∼χ± [GeV]
500
TeV 300/3000
TeV 300/3000 fb fb 11
2 1
((arXiv:1307.7292v2 ).
arXiv:1307.7292v2).
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 32New Physics in e+e- - Direct Searches
SUSY
SUSYwith
SUSY withno
with noloop-holes
no loop-holes
loop-holes
• LHC has already covered quite a large phase space for new particles
o loop-holes
No
No loop-holes
loop-holes
• Particularly powerful for strongly produced particles
• Universal electroweak coupling: EW particles not penalized in e+e-
Comparewith
Compare
Compare withLHC,
with LHC,here
LHC, here
here 350
mχ∼0 [GeV]
Atlas
Atlas
Atlas (((arXiv:1403.5294v1
The main strength of):
arXiv:1403.5294v1
arXiv:1403.5294v1):):
e+e-:
ATLAS Observed limit (± 1 σtheory)
SUSY
∫
1
300 L dt = 20.3 fb , s=8 TeV
-1
Expected limit (± 1 σexp)
Di-
Di-
Di-
Small andtri-lepton
and
and tri-lepton
tri-lepton
background - ∼
χ ∼χ →W ∼
± 0
1
(*) 0 (*) ∼0
2
χ Z χ
1 1 ATLAS 4.7 fb-1, s = 7 TeV
searches,
searches,
no (or very modest)
searches, MMM˜˜˜trigger
=M
=
000 = M˜˜˜±±±,,,
M 250 m∼χ± = m∼χ0
1 2
All limits at 95% CL
222 111
requirements, also in analysis
3L+2L combined
∼0
Z
m
mχ1
(⇤) 000 =2
Br( !
Br(
Br( !W
! W /Z
W (⇤) )=1.
)=1.
(⇤) (⇤)
/Z ˜˜˜111)=1.
/Z (⇤) (⇤)
=
200 0
m∼χ 2
χ∼ 0
-m
1
χ∼ 0
m
1
As illustration:
Note
Note cutx-axis!
cut x-axis! Here
x-axis! Here is
Here is LEP,
is LEP,
LEP,
χ∼ 0
<
Note cut
m
2
χ∼ 0
150
m
2
±ATLAS
± EW SUSY search
± only,
only,
1 only,
˜˜˜11(di- anydecay-mode!
any
any
/ tri-lepton decay-mode!
decay-mode!
final states) 100
(JHEP 1405 (2014) 071),
Below
Below
Below thick
thick
thick
e+e- study:
line: Can’t
line:
line:
M. Berggren
Can’t fulfil
Can’t fulfil
fulfil below thick line:
50
gaugino-massGUT-relation.
gaugino-mass
gaugino-mass GUT-relation.
GUT-relation. gaugino-mass GUT relation
not fulfilled
Discovery
Discovery projections
projections to 14
to 14
14
0
Discovery
LEP (χ± only)projectionsLHC 300 / 3000 to fb-1 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
m∼χ0, ∼χ± [GeV]
500
TeV
TeV 300/3000
300/3000 fb
fb 11
1
TeV 300/3000 fb
2 1
(arXiv:1307.7292v2
((arXiv:1307.7292v2
arXiv:1307.7292v2 ).).
).
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 32New Physics in e+e- - Direct Searches
SUSY
SUSYwith
SUSY withno
with noloop-holes
no loop-holes
loop-holes
• LHC has already covered quite a large phase space for new particles
o loop-holes
No
No loop-holes
loop-holes
• Particularly powerful for strongly produced particles
• Universal electroweak coupling: EW particles not penalized in e+e-
Comparewith
Compare
Compare withLHC,
with LHC,here
LHC, here
here 350
mχ∼0 [GeV]
Atlas
Atlas
Atlas (arXiv:1403.5294v1
((arXiv:1403.5294v1
strength of):
arXiv:1403.5294v1
The main ):):
e+e-:
ATLAS Observed limit (± 1 σtheory)
SUSY
∫
1
300 L dt = 20.3 fb , s=8 TeV
-1
Expected limit (± 1 σexp)
Di-
Di-
Di-
Small andtri-lepton
and
and tri-lepton
tri-lepton
background - ∼
χ ∼χ →W ∼
± 0
1
(*) 0 (*) ∼0
2
χ Z χ
1 1 ATLAS 4.7 fb-1, s = 7 TeV
searches,
searches,
no (or very modest)
searches, MMM˜˜˜trigger
=M
=
000 = M˜˜˜±±±,,,
M 250 m∼χ± = m∼χ0
1 2
All limits at 95% CL
222 111
requirements, also in analysis
3L+2L combined
∼0
Z
m
mχ1
(⇤) 000 =2
Br( !
Br(
Br( !W
! W(⇤) /Z
W (⇤) (⇤)
(⇤)
(⇤)
/Z (⇤))=1.
)=1.
/Z(⇤) ˜˜˜0111)=1.
=
200 0
m∼χ 2
χ∼ 0
-m
1
χ∼ 0
m
1
As illustration:
Note
Note cutx-axis!
cut x-axis! Here
x-axis! Hereis
Here isLEP,
is LEP,
LEP,
χ∼ 0
<
Note cut
m
2
χ∼ 0
150
m
2
±ATLAS
± EW SUSY search
± only,
only,
1 only,
˜˜˜11(di- anydecay-mode!
any
any
/ tri-lepton decay-mode!
decay-mode!
final states) 100
(JHEP 1405 (2014) 071),
Below
Below
Below thick
thick
thick
e+e- study:
line: Can’t
line:
line:
M. Berggren
Can’tfulfil
Can’t fulfil
fulfil below thick line:
50
gaugino-massGUT-relation.
gaugino-mass
gaugino-mass GUT-relation.
GUT-relation. gaugino-mass GUT relation
not fulfilled
Discovery
Discovery projections
projections to 14
to 14
14
0
Discovery
LEP (χ± only)projectionsLHC 300 / 3000 to fb-1 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
m∼χ0, ∼χ± [GeV]
500
TeV
TeV 300/3000
300/3000 fb
fb 11
1
TeV e+e300/3000 fb
2 1
- 500 GeV
(arXiv:1307.7292v2
((arXiv:1307.7292v2
arXiv:1307.7292v2
arXiv:1307.7292v2 ).).
).
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 32New Physics in e+e- - Direct Searches
SUSY
SUSYwith
SUSY
SUSY withno
with
with no loop-holes
noloop-holes
no loop-holes
loop-holes
• LHC has already covered quite a large phase space for new particles
oo loop-holes
No
No loop-holes
loop-holes
loop-holes
• Particularly powerful for strongly produced particles
• Universal electroweak coupling: EW particles not penalized in e+e-
Compare
Comparewith
Compare
Compare withLHC,
with
with LHC,here
LHC, here
here 350
mχ∼0 [GeV]
Atlas
Atlas
Atlas
Atlas (((arXiv:1403.5294v1
The main strength of):
(arXiv:1403.5294v1
arXiv:1403.5294v1
arXiv:1403.5294v1 ):):
e+e-:
ATLAS Observed limit (± 1 σtheory)
SUSY
∫
1
300 L dt = 20.3 fb , s=8 TeV
-1
Expected limit (± 1 σexp)
Di-
Di-
Di-
Di-
Small andtri-lepton
and
and
and tri-lepton
tri-lepton
tri-lepton
background - ∼
χ ∼χ →W ∼
± 0
1
(*) 0 (*) ∼0
2
χ Z χ
1 1 ATLAS 4.7 fb-1, s = 7 TeV
searches,
searches,
no searches,
(or very modest)
searches, M MM˜˜˜˜trigger
=M
=
0000 = M˜˜˜±±±,,,
M 250 m∼χ± = m∼χ0
1 2
All limits at 95% CL
2222 111
requirements, also in analysis
3L+2L combined
∼0
Z
m
mχ1
(⇤) 000 =2
Br( !
Br(
Br(
Br( !W
! W(⇤)/Z
W
W (⇤)
/Z(⇤) )=1.
)=1.
/Z(⇤) ˜˜˜1011)=1.
(⇤) (⇤)
(⇤) (⇤)
=
! 200 0
m∼χ 2
χ∼ 0
-m
1
χ∼ 0
m
1
As illustration:
Note
Note cutx-axis!
cut x-axis!Here
x-axis! Hereis
Here isLEP,
is LEP,
LEP,
χ∼ 0
<
Note
Note cut
cut x-axis!
m
2
χ∼ 0
150
m
2
±ATLAS
± EW SUSY search
±± only,
only,
only,
1 only,
˜˜˜˜111(di- anydecay-mode!
any
any
any
/ tri-lepton decay-mode!
decay-mode!
final states) 100
(JHEP 1405 (2014) 071),
Below
Below
Below
Below thick
thick
thick
e+e- study:
line: Can’t
line:
line:
M. Berggren
Can’tfulfil
Can’t fulfil
fulfil below thick line:
50
gaugino-massGUT-relation.
gaugino-mass
gaugino-mass
gaugino-mass GUT-relation.
GUT-relation. gaugino-mass GUT relation
not fulfilled
Discovery
Discovery ± only) projections to 14
projections to 14
0
Discovery
Discovery
LEP (χ projections
LHC 300 / to
3000 14
fb -1 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
m∼χ0, ∼χ± [GeV]
500
TeV
TeV 300/3000
300/3000 fb
fb 11
1
TeV 300/3000 e+fb
2 1
TeV e+e300/3000
- 500 GeV e- 1 TeV
(arXiv:1307.7292v2
(arXiv:1307.7292v2
((arXiv:1307.7292v2
arXiv:1307.7292v2
arXiv:1307.7292v2 ).).
).
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 32New Physics in e+e- - Direct Searches
SUSY
SUSYwith
SUSY
SUSY withno
with
with no loop-holes
noloop-holes
no loop-holes
loop-holes
• LHC has already covered quite a large phase space for new particles
oo loop-holes
No
No loop-holes
loop-holes
loop-holes
• Particularly powerful for strongly produced particles
• Universal electroweak coupling: EW particles not penalized in e+e-
Compare
Comparewith
Compare
Compare withLHC,
with
with LHC,here
LHC, here
here 350
mχ∼0 [GeV]
Atlas
Atlas
Atlas
Atlas (((arXiv:1403.5294v1
The main strength of):
(arXiv:1403.5294v1
arXiv:1403.5294v1
arXiv:1403.5294v1 ):):
e+e-:
ATLAS SUSY
Observed limit (± 1 σtheory)
∫
1
300 -1
L dt = 20.3 fb , s=8 TeV Expected limit (± 1 σexp)
Di-
Di-
Di-
Di-
Small andtri-lepton
and
and
and tri-lepton
tri-lepton
tri-lepton
background - ∼
χ ∼χ →W ∼
± 0
1
(*) 0 (*) ∼0
2
χ Z χ
1 1 ATLAS 4.7 fb-1, s = 7 TeV
searches,
searches,
no searches,
(or very modest)
searches, M MM˜˜˜˜trigger
=M
=
0000 = M˜˜˜±±±,,,
M 250 m∼χ± = m∼χ0
1 2
All limits at 95% CL
2222 111
requirements, also in analysis
3L+2L combined
∼0
Z
m
mχ1
(⇤) 000 =2
Br( !
Br(
Br(
Br( !W
! W(⇤)/Z
W
W (⇤)
/Z(⇤) )=1.
)=1.
/Z(⇤) ˜˜˜1011)=1.
(⇤) (⇤)
(⇤) (⇤)
=
! 200 0
m∼χ 2
χ∼ 0
-m
1
χ∼ 0
m
1
As illustration:
Note
Note cutx-axis!
cut x-axis!Here
x-axis! Hereis
Here isLEP,
is LEP,
LEP,
χ∼ 0
<
Note
Note cut
cut x-axis!
m
2
χ∼ 0
150
m
2
±ATLAS
± EW SUSY search
±± only,
only,
only,
1 only,
˜˜˜˜111(di- anydecay-mode!
any
any
any
/ tri-lepton decay-mode!
decay-mode!
final states) 100
(JHEP 1405 (2014) 071),
Below
Below
Below
Below thick
thick
thick
e+e- study:
line: Can’t
line:
line:
M. Berggren
Can’tfulfil
Can’t fulfil
fulfil below thick line:
50
gaugino-mass
gaugino-mass
gaugino-mass GUT-relation.
gaugino-mass GUT-relation.
GUT-relation. gaugino-mass GUT relation
not fulfilled
Discovery
Discovery projections
projections to
to 14
14
0
Discovery
Discovery
LEP (χ ± only) projections
LHC 300 / to
3000 14
fb -1 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
m
450 500
[GeV] χ ,∼
∼ 0
χ±
TeV
TeV 300/3000
300/3000 fb
fb 11
1
TeV 300/3000 e+fb
2 1
TeV e+e300/3000
- 500 GeV e- 1 TeV In general: (almost) any type of new particle up to √s/2
(arXiv:1307.7292v2
(arXiv:1307.7292v2
((arXiv:1307.7292v2
arXiv:1307.7292v2
arXiv:1307.7292v2 ).).
).
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 3220 Working group r
Proton-Proton Colliders: Guaranteed Physics
8 TeV 14 TeV 33 TeV 100 TeV
• The full range of
109
LHC LHC HE LHC VLHC
109
processes known from
108 total
108
the LHC will be
107 107
accessible at higher
106 106
energies as well - details bb
105 105
of analysis possibilities jet
will strongly depend on 104 jet
(pT >50 GeV) 104
experimental conditions 103 103
σ [nb]
102 W 102
Z
10 γ
γ
10
(pT>50 GeV)
1 gg→H 1
Double Higgs production 10-1 tt
t VBF 10-1
ttH
up by x40 at 100 TeV: WW
WZ WH
10-2 ZZ ZH 10-2
Crucial for a measurement γγ
of the self-coupling 10-3 HH
10-3
10-4 10-4
MCFM + Higgs European Strategy
10-5 10-5
10 102
s [TeV]
Teilchenphysik mitFigure
höchstenergetischen
1-6. CrossBeschleunigern:
section predictions at proton-proton colliders as a function of center-of-mas
p
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 33
energy, s.New Physics in Proton-Proton Collisions
• As for LHC: Highest sensitivity to strongly interacting particles cern.ch/collider-reach
• Generic study to assess sensitivity as a
function of energy: from 8 TeV to 14 TeV
7
http://cern.ch/collider-reach by G.P. Salam and A. Weiler
• Assumptions: qq different production
system mass [TeV] for 14.00 TeV, 20.00 fb-1
Σi qi q- i processes
• signal and background scale in 6 qg
gg
the same way
5
• Reconstruction efficiencies,
background rejection etc. stay 4
constant
3
• Cross sections are proportional
to partonic luminosity / m2 2
• Given as system mass: mass of a
1 equal sensitivity
single particle (Z’ etc), or 2 x
mass of pair-produced particles
0
(SUSY-particles etc) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
system mass [TeV] for 8.00 TeV, 20.00 fb-1
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 34New Physics in Proton-Proton Collisions
• As for LHC: Highest sensitivity to strongly interacting particles cern.ch/collider-reach
• Generic study to assess sensitivity as a
function of energy: from
from 8today
TeV to
to 14 TeV
2035
7
http://cern.ch/collider-reach
• Assumptions: 9 qq different production
http://cern.ch/collider-reach
system mass [TeV] for 14.00 TeV, 20.00 fb-1-1
qq
Σi qi q--i
system mass [TeV] for 14.00 TeV, 3000.00 fb
processes
• signal and background scale in 68 qΣgi qi q i
gqgg
the same way 7
gg
5
• Reconstruction efficiencies, 6
by by
G.P.
background rejection etc. stay 4
G.P.
Salam
5
Salam
constant
and
34
and
• Cross sections are proportional
A.A.
Weiler
Weiler
to partonic luminosity / m2 2
3
• Given as system mass: mass of a 2
1 equal sensitivity
single particle (Z’ etc), or 2 x 1
mass of pair-produced particles
00
(SUSY-particles etc) 00 0.5
0.5 11 1.5
1.5 22 2.5
2.5 33 3.5
3.5 4
4
system -1
systemmass
mass[TeV]
[TeV]for
for8.00
8.00 TeV,
TeV, 20.00
20.00 fb
fb-1
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 34New Physics in Proton-Proton Collisions
• As for LHC: Highest sensitivity to strongly interacting particles cern.ch/collider-reach
• Generic study to assess sensitivity as a
function of energy: from
from 8today
TeV to
to 14 TeV
2035
7 from 14 TeV to 100 TeV
http://cern.ch/collider-reach
• Assumptions: 9
45 qq different production
http://cern.ch/collider-reach
http://cern.ch/collider-reach by G.P. Salam and A. Weiler
-1
-1
fb-1
qq qq
Σi qi q--i
20.00 fb
system mass [TeV] for 14.00 TeV, 3000.00 fb
processes
• signal and background scale in 640
8 qΣΣgii qqii qq-ii
3000.00
gqqggg
the same way 7
35
gg gg
5
TeV,
• Reconstruction efficiencies,
TeV,
6
30
by by
14.00
G.P.
background rejection etc. stay 4
100.00
G.P.
Salam
5
25
Salam
constant
for
and
320
and
4
for
•
[TeV]
Cross sections are proportional
A.A.
Weiler
[TeV]
Weiler
to partonic luminosity / m2 3
15
mass
2
mass
• Given as system mass: mass of a 2
10
system
1 equal sensitivity
single particle (Z’ etc), or 2 x
system
15
mass of pair-produced particles
0 00
(SUSY-particles etc) 0 00 0.5
0.5
1 11
2 1.5
1.5
3 24
2 2.5
2.5
5 33
6 3.5
3.5
7 84
4
system mass [TeV] for 8.00 TeV, 20.00 -1
system
system mass
mass [TeV]
[TeV] forfor 8.00TeV,
14.00 20.00 fb
TeV,3000.00 -1 -1
fbfb
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 34have more limited mass reach. Many examples of this complementarity are discussed in the body of this
report.
New Physics at Future Colliders - Summary Attempt
direct indirect
T quarks 140,000
quark
compositeness
gluinos 4,000
ewkino
pp, 100 TeV, 3000/fb
colorons
pp, 33 TeV, 3000/fb
RPV stop
pp, 14 TeV, 3000/fb
pp, 14 TeV, 300/fb
stop
pp, 8 TeV, 20/fb
Z'B
ee, 3 TeV, 1000/fb
any NLSP
ee, 1 TeV, 1000/fb
ee, 0.5 TeV, 500/fb
squarks
Z'
WIMPs
0 1000 2000 3000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000
mass (GeV) mass (GeV)
Snowmass 2013 - arXiv:1311.0299
Figure 1-1. 95% confidence level upper limits for masses of new particles beyond the standard model
expected from pp and e+ e colliders at di↵erent energies. Although upper mass reach is generally higher at
pp colliders, these searches often have low-mass loopholes, while e+ e collider searches are remarkably free
of such loopholes.
Teilchenphysik mit höchstenergetischen Beschleunigern:
WS 15/16, 13: Future Colliders
Frank Simon (fsimon@mpp.mpg.de) 35You can also read
