(DND) Daily News Discussion - 30th June 2021 our YouTube channel for entire GS Course FREE of cost - Sleepy Classes
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Daily News
Discussion
(DND)
30th June 2 021
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Table of Contents
1. Geography ...............................................................................................................1
1.1.Chamoli disaster due to avalanche ...................................................................................1
2. Economy ..................................................................................................................3
2.1.Small saving schemes (SSS) .................................................................................................3
2.2.Nation One Ration Card ......................................................................................................4
3. Polity .........................................................................................................................7
3.1.Indians value religious freedom, not integration ...........................................................7
3.2.Gujarat Prohibition Act, 1949 ...........................................................................................9
3.3.FIR against Twitter ................................................................................................................10
3.4.Open Book Exam ....................................................................................................................10
4. Environment ...........................................................................................................12
Current affairs Worksheet (30th June 2021) .........................................................................14
Note -
• The Newspaper clippings pasted in PDF are important from Mains point of view as it contains the
fodder material for Mains Answer Writing.
• Also watch DND video lectures everyday @ 4 PM on Sleepy’s YouTube channel in order to
understand how to get the most out of everyday’s Newspaper .
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Click here to watch the following topics on YouTube
1. Geography
1.1.Chamoli disaster due to avalanche
• Geological Survey of India has come out with a report which suggests that the disaster which hit
Chamoli district, of Uttarakhand, in the month of February was possibly due to the avalanche.
Findings
• The ash ood on February 7 in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, that claimed at least 72 lives with at
least 200 missing was due to a large mass of snow, ice and rock avalanche along with a hanging mass
of rock crashing into the Raunthi Garh valley oor.
• This impact pulverised the combination of rock, snow and ice causing a rapid ow downstream of
Raunthi Garh and into the Rishiganga valley leading to the deluge
• The deluge had destroyed the 13.2 MW Rishiganga power plant and damaged the 520 MW Tapovan-
Vishnugadh hydel power project, in whose tunnels several workers had been fatally trapped.
Causes
• Observed change in the hydro-meteorological conditions between 4th and 6th February, 2021 (heavy
snowfall followed by sudden warmer climate) possibly triggered this huge snow and rock avalanche/
landslide causing sudden domino effect of ash ood in the downstream
• Due to the large volume of debris and the deluge, an arti
cial dam had formed near the con uence of
Raunthi Garh and Rishiganga river, by the owing debris which blocked the ow of the Rishiganga
river and formed a small lake temporarily
• There was no evidence of a Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) having caused the event
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Avalanche
• a mass of material moving rapidly down a slope.
• It is typically triggered when material on a slope breaks loose from its surroundings; this material
then quickly collects and carries additional material down the slope.
Factors responsible
Heavy Snowfall
• When a high rate of snowfall occurred leading to the snow accumulation on the mountain slopes
triggered the weaker layer of snow in the snowpack of unstable areas of the mountain causes
Avalanche.
Wind Direction
• If the strong wind blows, then the upward direction of the winds might trigger the steep slope which
causes an avalanche.
Steeper Slopes
• If gradual snowfalls accumulated on the slopes of the mountain then it prone to rush downs the slopes
at greater speeds.
Higher Temperatures
• High temperature the surface layer of the snowpack gets melted. The accumulated snow will become
highly susceptible to sliding down.
Other
• Earthquakes , Explosives , Deforestation
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2. Economy
2.1.Small saving schemes (SSS)
• Interest rates on small saving schemes (SSS) such as Public Provident Funds (PPF), Senior Citizens
Saving Schemes (SCSS), National Saving Certi cate (NSC), Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP) will be reviewed in
a couple of days.
• Experts believe the government is unlikely to lower interest rates on small saving schemes amid
rising in ation
• If one goes by the formulae through which interest rates on small saving schemes are calculated,
ideally the rates should go down. Interest rates are pegged to yields of the government securities of
similar maturity.
National Small Savings Fund (NSSF)
• Established in 1999 within the Public Account of India for pooling the money from different SSSs.
• Collections from all small savings schemes as credited to the NSSF. Similarly, withdrawals under small
savings schemes by the depositors are made out of this Fund.
• The money in the account are used by the centre and states to nance their scal de cit.
• The balance in the Fund is invested in Central and State Government Securities.
• Pattern of utilization of the fund among the centre and states is decided from time to time by the
Government of India.
• Objective for the formation of a dedicated fund for small savings is to de-link small savings
transactions from the Consolidated Fund of India.
• Since NSSF operates in the Public Account, its transactions do not impact the scal de cit of the
Centre directly.
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2.2.Nation One Ration Card
• Right to food, one of the “bare necessities of life”, was an intrinsic part of the right to live with dignity,
the court told the government.
• It ordered all the States to fully implement the One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC) scheme by
July 31.
• The scheme allows migrant labourers covered under the National Food Security Act (NFSA) to
access food at any fair price shop with his or her ration card in any part of the country.
Unpardonable apathy’
• The court slammed the Labour Ministry for its “unpardonable apathy” in not completing the work of
the ₹45.39 crore National Database for Unorganised
• Workers (NDUW) portal to register and identify migrant workers and unorganised labourers to
ensure their rights, welfare and food security
National Database of Unorganised Workers (NDUW)-March 2021 (Source PIB)
• The Ministry of Labour and employment proposes to develop National Database of Unorganised
Workers (NDUW), which will be a comprehensive data base of the Unorganised Workers including
the Building and other Construction Workers and Migrant workers, seeded with Aadhaar.
• It will have details of name, occupation, address, occupation type, educational quali cation, skill
types & family details etc. for optimum realization of their employability and extend the bene ts of
the social security schemes to them
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Provisions Related to Migrant Workers:
Section 112 of the Code of Social Security, 2020
• Registration of unorganised workers, gig workers and platform workers was contemplated.
Section 21 of the Code on Occupational Health, Safety and Working Conditions
• Enables the provision for maintaining a database of migrant workers to help in targeting, skill
mapping and utilising government schemes effectively.
The Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act, 1979
• Required all establishments who hired inter-state migrants to be registered, as well as all contractors
who recruited these workers to be licensed
Past schemes
Targeted Public Distribution System - 1997
• Panchayats, Self-help Groups, Co-operatives, Individuals are given ‘license’ to open fair price shops /
Antyodaya Anna Yojana (2000)
• to give 35 kg subsidized grains per poorest of poor family per month.
National Food Security Act 2013
• converted above scheme entitlements into ‘legal rights’
National Food Security Act 2013
• It’s a Central Sector Scheme
• States shortlist the bene ciaries & sell them foodgrains
• 75% rural population is covered
• 50% urban population is covered.
Pregnant and lactating mothers (upto 6 months)
• Take home ration of 600 Calories
• Entitled to a free meal at the local Anganwadi (including their 0-6 years child)
• Maternity bene ts of min.₹6,000, in instalments
6-14 aged children entitled to one free hot meal or ‘take home rations’ in Govt schools
National Food Security Act 2013
• Both BPL and (slightly) above poverty line (APL) families are covered
• If State / UT doesn’t want may do Direct Bene t Transfer (Chandigarh, Puducherry)
• If State / UT can’t provide food within stipulated time / quantity then they’ve to pay food security
allowance
• States required to form State Food Commissions for monitoring / implementation.
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• The eldest woman in the household (aged 18/>) shall be considered the head of the household for
issuing ration card.
Shanta Kumar committee (2015)
• Reduce the number of bene ciaries under the Food Security Act—from the current 67 per cent to
40 per cent.
• Stop bonuses on minimum support price (MSP) paid by states to farmers
• Allow private players to procure and store food grains.
• FCI should involve itself in full- edged grains procurement only in those states which are poor in
procurement.
• Abolishing levy rice: Under levy rice policy, government buys certain percentage of rice (varies from
25 to 75 per cent in states) from the mills compulsorily, which is called levy rice. Mills are allowed to
sell only the remainder in the open market.
• Deregulate fertiliser sector and provide cash fertilizer subsidy of Rs 7,000 per hectare to farmers.
• outsource of stocking of grains
Mera Ration’ mobile app (March)
• Mera Ration has been launched by the ministry of consumer affairs, food and public distribution and
the app is a part of the government’s One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC) system.
• Right now the system covers nearly 69 crore NFSA (National Food Security Act) bene ciaries which is
about 86% of the NFSA population in India
• The Mera Ration mobile app is only on Android for now.
• All Indian citizens can register themselves on the app to get food grains at subsidised prices.
• It allows users to check what they are entitled to, locate nearby ration shops etc. It also supports
biometric authentication.
• The app comes with Aadhar-based login and is available in both Hindi and English. Support for 14
regional languages is expected to come soon.
• You can download the app from the Google Play Store and once it’s downloaded you need to register
using your ration card details.
One nation one ration card
• Under the ONORC, the bene ciaries from one state can get their share of rations in other states
where the ration card was originally issued.
Bene ts
• It give the bene ciaries the opportunity to opt for the dealer of their choice.
• If any dealer misbehaves or misallocates, the bene ciary can switch to another FPS shop instantly
• SDG 2: Ending hunger by 2030.
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3. Polity
3.1.Indians value religious freedom, not integration
• Recently nation-wide survey on religious attitudes, behaviours and beliefs conducted by Pew
Research Center, a non-pro t based in Washington DC.
Key ndings
• Most Indians, cutting across religions, feel they enjoy religious freedom, value religious tolerance,
and regard respect for all religions as central to what India is as a nation.
• At the same time the majority in each of the major religious groups show a marked preference for
religious segregation and “want to live separately
• The majority in all the faiths scored poorly on the metrics for religious segregation composition of
friends circle, views on stopping inter- religious marriage, and willingness to accept people of other
religions as neighbours.
• The survey found that nationally, three-in-ten Hindus took both these positions: linking being Hindu
and speaking Hindi to being Indian, and voting for BJP.
• But there was a clear geographical skew in their distribution: while roughly half of the Hindu voters in
northern and central India fell into this category, only 5% of Hindu voters in the South did so.
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3.2.Gujarat Prohibition Act, 1949
• The Gujarat Prohibition Act, 1949 is being challenged before the Gujarat High Court, more than
seven decades after it came into effect as the Bombay Prohibition Act.
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3.3.FIR against Twitter
• An FIR has been lodged against the managing director of Twitter India, Manish Maheshwari, and his
colleague, Amrita Tripathi, in Bulandshahr for allegedly showing a distorted map of India on their
website
• In Uttar Pradesh, the complaint was led by a Bajrang Dal leader who alleged that in a world map on
Twitter, J&K and Ladakh were shown as entities separate from India.
• The FIR was lodged under Indian Penal Code (IPC) section 505 (2) (public mischief).
• Charges under Information Technology Act section 74 (publication for fraudulent purpose) have
also been invoked in the case
• The government has concluded that Twitter in India is no longer an “intermediary” and, therefore,
cannot be provided the legal protection that is accorded to Internet intermediaries under Section 79
of the Information Technology Act
3.4.Open Book Exam
• Amid altered modes of teaching, learning and conducting open book examinations, Delhi University
has said that attendance of students in the OBE held this year was 5% higher than that of last year
• The varsity added that over 21,000 digital certi cates and 3,900 digital provisional certi cates were
issued in the past year
• An "open book examination" is that in which students are allowed to refer to either class notes and
summaries or a “memory aid”, textbooks, or other approved material while answering questions.
• Its like question paper is given to students prior to sitting the formal exam or are to complete as a
‘take-home’ exam.
What kind of 'resources' can examinees use
• Open-book exams allow students to take notes, texts or resource materials into an exam situation.
• They test their ability to nd and apply information and knowledge, so are often used in subjects
requiring direct reference to written materials, like law statutes, statistics or acts of parliament.
What kinds of questions must an open-book exam have
• In an ideal OBE, teachers can devise questions that require students to answer in more analytical
and critical ways thus encouraging high-order thinking skills in students as compared to closed book
or traditional exams.
• Open Book Examinations work only when answers cannot be readily extracted from the material.
How is an Open Book exam different from others
• An Open Book Examination may test more than just rote learning.
• It tests students’ ability to quickly nd relevant information and then to understand, analyze and
apply knowledge, while thinking critically.
• Answering the question will require more than just copying information from texts.
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• Having access to a textbook may stop them from giving a wrong answer if they cannot remember a
fact or formula, but just getting the fact correct will not fetch them good marks.
• How they locate, apply, and use information is more important.
Merits of OBE
• It saves Paper
• Time-saving: Auto-grade helps in lling the MCQs easily. The online examination can be completely
automated and hassle-free.
• Money saver: The money of buying and printing paper is saved. Also, one can save on logistics or
assembling and conducting exams.
• Secure: Each student will get a random set of questions from them. So, students can’t cheat from
others. Also, they won’t be able to share questions.
• Allows analytical thinking
• Discourages rote learning
Demrits of Open Book Exam
• Can’t keep a check on students
• Can be a victim of fraud
• The students would stop studying and simply copy from the open book provided at the examination
hall
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4. Environment
Full year Current Affairs Revision through MCQs
Environment & Ecology – Day 9
1. Consider the following statements in context to Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020
1. It is released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
2. As per report forest area has declined all across the world in the past three decades.
3. Asia had the largest annual rate of net forest loss in 2010– 2020
Select the correct answer code:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. All of the above
2. With reference to “Wetland international” , which of the following statements is/are correct ?
1. It is an international organisation formed by the countries which are signatories to Ramsar
convention.
2. It works at the eld level to develop and mobilise knowledge and use the practical
experience to advocate for better policies.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2 only
D. Neither 1 nor 2
3. Consider the following pairs:
1. Tso Kar : Jammu & Kashmir
2. Sur Sarovar : Uttar Pradesh
3. Kabartal : Rajasthan
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 2 only
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D. All of the above
4. Consider the following statements
1. Sumatran rhinos are the only Asian rhino with two horns.
2. Indian Rhinoceros are the only one horned rhinos species in Asia.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2 only
D. Neither 1 nor 2
5. Which among the following species can be found in Central India:
1. Blackbuck
2. Nilgai
3. Chausingha
4. Red Serow
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched
A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2 and 3 only
D. 2, 3 and 4 only
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Current affairs Worksheet (30th June 2021)
Factual sheet for Quick revision
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