Border fence construction between Denmark and Germany - Coe
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Strasbourg, 10 March 2021 T-PVS/Files(2021)09
[files09e_2021.docx]
CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF EUROPEAN WILDLIFE
AND NATURAL HABITATS
Standing Committee
41st meeting
Strasbourg, 30 November – 3 December 2021
__________
Other complaints: 2019/06
Border fence construction between Denmark
and Germany
- REPORT BY THE GOVERNMENT -
Document prepared by the
Ministry of the Environment, Denmark
____________________________________________________________________T-PVS/Files(2021)09 -2-
Species and Nature Protection
Ref. SEBAS
15 January 2021
Report by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency
(Danish EPA) to the Secretariat of the Bern Convention about
the wild boar fence along the Danish-German border,
including about monitoring and the effects of the wild boar
fence
Introduction
In September 2019, WWF Denmark and WWF Germany submitted a joint complaint regarding the
wild boar fence along the Danish-German border to the Secretariat of the Bern Convention. The wild
boar fence is one of several Danish initiatives to prevent wild boar with African swine fever from
entering Denmark.
The joint complaint stated that the wild boar fence does not meet the requirements of the Bern
Convention on the conservation of natural habitats and species, and in this context the complaint
mentions a number of specific species protected under Appendix II and Appendix III to the
Convention. The Secretariat of the Bern Convention forwarded the complaint to the Ministry of
Environment and Food of Denmark, which responded to the complaint in March 2020.
Following the Ministry's response from March 2020, the Secretariat of the Bern Convention thanked
the Ministry for its response in a letter dated 11 May 2020. Among other things, the Secretariat wrote
that:
"while noting that linear barriers such as this fence can have negative effects on the migration of
species, the Bureau considered that the short-term purpose of the fence to prevent the spread of
African swine plague, the adherence to national and international policies before development,
mitigation measures taken during construction, and the assurance to monitor and evaluate the success
and effects of the fence were all justifiable. Furthermore, the Bureau accepted the assessment of the
authorities that negative effects to each species concerned would be minimal, especially the Annex II
species".
In the same letter of 11 May 2020, the Secretariat of the Bern Convention asked the relevant Danish
authorities to monitor the wild boar fence and evaluate the effects of the fence in terms of the relevant
species and natural habitats. The Secretariat also asked for an account of the effects of the fence in
terms of reducing African swine fever and for information on whether the wild boar fence is a
temporary measure.
In the following, the Danish authorities involved describe:
1. the effects of the fence in terms of reducing African swine fever
2. monitoring and the effects of the wild boar fence in terms of relevant species and natural
habitats
3. the temporary nature of the wild boar fence-3- T-PVS/Files(2021)09
1. The effects of the fence in terms of reducing African swine fever
1.1. Background
African swine fever (ASF) is a serious, contagious disease with high mortality. In Italy (Sardinia),
African swine fever has been endemic since 1979. Since 2014, the disease has spread from Belarus to
several EU countries, including Belgium, Bulgaria, Estonia, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,
easternmost Germany, Hungary, Romania and Italy. The Czech Republic was the first country to
eradicate ASF, using measures including establishing a fence around the area with infected wild boar.
If African swine fever comes to Denmark, there will be serious economic consequences for
agriculture, Danish pig farmers, Danish exports and for Danish society. The estimated costs of an
outbreak of African swine fever are between DKK 2 bn. and 10 bn. (corresponding to EUR 270 mill.
and 1.35 bn.).
In order to counter the risk of African swine fever coming to Denmark, in 2018 a political agreement
was concluded and implemented in an action plan. This action plan consists of a number of initiatives,
including the establishment of a wild boar fence along the Danish-German border, and together these
initiatives will reduce the risk of African swine fever spreading to Denmark. The initiatives have been
divided into veterinary initiatives and initiatives to eradicate wild boar from Denmark, as infection via
wild boar is assessed to represent a specific risk.
Veterinary initiatives to combat African swine fever
Legislative amendment to increase the level of fines for violations of the law that exacerbate
the risk of transmission of African swine fever and other serious livestock diseases.
Stronger veterinary services: There are already detailed plans and procedures for how to
manage any outbreak of African swine fever. In order to prevent, or in the worst case, manage
an ASF outbreak, veterinary services will be strengthened and focused on African swine fever.
In 2019, a large-scale exercise was held involving relevant authorities and the industry to test
the emergency plan. International collaboration with Schleswig-Holstein was also established,
both with regard to communication and stronger efforts in relation to other EU Member States
and the European Commission.
Signs at lay-bys: Signs have been put up at lay-bys along Danish motorways and major roads
with information on African swine fever and that kitchen and food waste must be disposed of
in waste bins. Foreign lorry drivers usually take their breaks in such lay-bys.
Intensification of information campaigns on prevention of infection and food waste: The
Danish Veterinary and Food Administration has launched an information campaign in
collaboration with the Danish Agriculture & Food Council on a ban on feeding livestock and
animals with food waste. It is possible to intensify the level of information by continuing
information activities after the end of the campaign, and by extending the campaign to other
target groups.
Advice to free-range farms on the risk of transmission from food waste: There are already
requirements to fence off free-range farms to prevent wild boar from coming into direct
contact with domestic pigs. There are existing requirements to put up signs stating that feeding
animals is illegal. In 2019, a campaign was launched to control compliance with fencing
regulations etc. As part of this campaign, an information campaign on food waste was
launched, which also covered information to free-range farms about the risk of feeding
livestock with food waste. In connection with the campaign, the Danish Veterinary and Food
Administration advised free-range farmers that free-range livestock could be kept away from
public roads, or sufficiently distant from such roads to prevent food waste from being thrown
to the livestock.
Efforts to eradicate wild boar from the Danish countrysideT-PVS/Files(2021)09 -4-
Establishment of wild boar fencing along the Danish-German border.
Amendment to the Statutory Order on damage caused by game in order to strengthen
regulation (killing or elimination) of wild boar.
Increased monitoring of the wild boar population and free veterinary examination for livestock
diseases of wild boar shot in Denmark.
Stronger initiatives against wild boar on state-owned and private land in the southern part of
Jutland.
Technical upgrade of the Schweiss register of dog handlers who track down and cull game in
distress that has been run over or injured by hunters. Experience will be gathered from dog
handlers, and courses will be held to qualify Schweiss handlers to ensure that they can search
for wild boar in the same way as they are qualified to search for deer. Dog handlers in the
southern part of Jutland have received knowledge in Germany from an experienced German
dog handler and have tested trained Schweiss dogs in a wild boar fence. The Danish Hunters'
Association has prepared a best practice searching for wild boar.
The Danish Nature Agency has entered into an agreement with the Danish Hunters'
Association on raising the awareness of local hunters in the southern part of Jutland of the
African swine fever issue as well as on hunting and regulation of wild boar. Courses have
been held on diseases in wild boar and information has been provided on the biology of wild
boar and hunting them.
The Danish Nature Agency has prepared a paradigm for standard hunting leases in areas under
the Danish Nature Agency. In future, hunters will be obligated to shoot any wild boar they
find in the areas they lease from the Danish Nature Agency for hunting. If hunting
leaseholders do not cull wild boar in the areas they lease from the Danish Nature Agency, the
Danish Nature Agency can and will take the necessary measures to regulate the wild boar.
1.2. Effects for African swine fever
African swine fever is a disease affecting both domestic pigs and wild boar. The presence and size of
any wild boar population in an area plays an important role in spreading and maintaining African
swine fever.1 The presence of wild boar thus poses a significant risk of introducing African swine
fever to Denmark. In addition to posing a risk of spreading African swine fever to domestic pigs, the
presence of wild boar also makes it much more difficult and lengthy to combat the disease. An
effective tool in the prevention of introducing African swine fever is therefore to reduce the wild boar
population to a minimum.
The 2018 political agreement was concluded to prevent the risk of introducing African swine fever to
Denmark. The disease has never been detected in Denmark, and even though it is too early to assess
the effects of Danish initiatives to prevent the disease from coming, Denmark is still free of African
swine fever, despite the serious spread of the disease in several other EU Member States.
2. Monitoring and the effects of the wild boar fence in terms of relevant
species and habitats
2.1. Wildlife camera surveillance of openings in the fence
Method
As part of the Danish Nature Agency's responsibility for operating the fence, the Danish Nature
Agency initiated monitoring of the functionality of the fence. The purpose of monitoring is to register
1
https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/animals/docs/ad_control-measures_asf_wrk-doc-sante-2015-7113.pdf-5- T-PVS/Files(2021)09 wild boar trying to cross the border, to identify parts of the fence requiring repair and to identify potential problems, such as animals in distress. Surveillance of any passages through the fence is carried out using 25 cameras placed along the fence, focusing especially on the eastern part from Frøslev Mose to Flensburg Fjord. The cameras are moved as necessary, and the locations are therefore dynamic. Surveillance focuses on different elements of the fence such as cattle grids, game openings and the problematic stretch identified in Frøslev Mose. Surveillance images are sent regularly and automatically from the cameras to the Danish Nature Agency. Results Surveillance has resulted in several thousand images documenting and providing an insight into the behaviour of different species near the fence. Among other things, the wildlife cameras have shot images of: Badger, otter, beech marten and pine marten, raccoon dog, fox, hare, polecat, squirrel, hedgehog, rat, mouse, mole, domestic cat, pheasant, common crane, (chick) and small birds, all of which have been recorded passing through the fence via the openings. Deer (red deer, fallow deer, roe deer) have been recorded forcing the fence, although they have mainly been recorded searching for an opening along the fence. There have been no observations of deer crossing the cattle grids. Deer have been observed to a very limited extent at openings in the fence close to infrastructure (roads and railways). No wild boar have been recorded by the fence or passing through the openings. The entire fence line is physically checked every month for functionality and intactness. In addition, problematic stretches are inspected regularly for vandalism. The following have been observed during inspections: Game has made tracks along the fence. Even though game openings look overgrown from a distance, the tracks in the growth show that they are used regularly. Because of the growth along the fence, the cameras can primarily only observe large mammals in the summer season. No dead animals have been observed in the cattle grids. 2.2. Distressed deer caught in the fence The Danish Nature Agency knows of four roe deer and two red deer that have been caught in the fence and subsequently died in the period from 28 January 2019, when the Danish Nature Agency started erecting the wild boar fence, until 17 December 2020. In addition, two dead red deer with injuries have been found. These were not found in the fence, but it is likely that they died from injuries caused by the fence. In order to minimise the risk of this happening again, in March 2020 the Danish Nature Agency as well as Danish and German hunters and landowners identified a problematic stretch of approx. 500 m of the approx. 68-km-long fence. The Danish Nature Agency has subsequently modified the fence along this stretch and in the places with often frequented game tracks in Frøslev Mose by reducing the mesh size of the top 60 cm of the fence. The extra fine-meshed fence prevents passing deer from being caught in the fence and from being injured/dying. Since this modification, there have been no observations of deer being caught in the fence. 2.3. Wild boar population – regulation Method In 2018, stronger monitoring and regulation initiatives against wild boar were launched on private land as well as state-owned land, including in connection with the use of traps, and with focus on shootings at
T-PVS/Files(2021)09 -6- feeding sites. The primary focus area is the area from Aabenraa Fjord to the border and east of the E45 motorway in the southern part of Jutland. Results A total of 150 wild boar have been killed from the start of the initiatives in early 2018. In addition, two boar have been found drowned at Flensburg Fjord. All wild boar shot have been examined for the following diseases: African Swine Fever (ASP), classical swine fever, Aujeszky’s disease and Trichinella. All samples collected from the wild boar tested negative. From a presence of wild boar in the border region of approx. 100-150 in 2018, the number of wild boar is estimated to be less than 10 at 17 December 2020. Currently, there is knowledge of two adult females, one young wild boar and at least one stray boar. 2.4. Assessment Due to the stronger monitoring and regulation initiatives on state-owned land and private land, it was possible to prevent the establishment of a wild boar population on the Danish side of the border. If the current stronger monitoring and regulation initiatives on state-owned land and private land are maintained, it is most likely that the wild boar will not be able to establish an actual population on the Danish side of the border. The wild boar fence was completed in December 2019, and this has restricted possibilities for wild boar to cross the border. The years to come will show the extent to which the fence can prevent the spread of new individuals. In addition to the road crossings along the border, several watercourses cross the fence line, and here migration is possible. Moreover, it is not possible to prevent wild boar from crossing Flensburg Fjord, but it must be assumed that the extend of migration through this route will be limited. Migration via access routes through the fence (approx. 20) cannot be excluded. Access routes for watercourses and road crossings along the eastern part of the fence in particular are likely to be used by the growing population of wild boar south of the border, and therefore it is still important to keep the emergency response intact in order to adapt regulation initiatives to expected fluctuations in the number of wild boar. 2.5. NOVANA monitoring near the wild boar fence The National Monitoring and Assessment Programme for the Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments (NOVANA) monitors the state of the aquatic environment and nature within the areas prioritised through the politically set economic framework. NOVANA is particularly relevant with regard to helping Denmark meet its obligations in relation to national legislation, EU directives and international conventions on monitoring the aquatic environment, nature and air quality. Data on the aquatic environment and nature collected under NOVANA meets the need for knowledge about the state of nature to be used to prepare Danish management plans for aquatic areas and for Natura 2000 sites. A number of Natura 2000 sites are located close to the Danish-German border. The areas closest to the border are the Wadden Sea (N89) and the Frøslev Mose (N97) Natura 2000 sites The Frøslev Mose Natura 2000 site consists of a habitat site (H87) and a bird protection area (F70). The Wadden Sea Natura 2000 site consists of a number of habitat sites (H78, H86, H90 and H239) and bird protection areas (F49, F51, F52, F53, F55, F57, F60, F63, F65 and F67). The Wadden Sea Natura
-7- T-PVS/Files(2021)09
2000 site has a large geographical spread. This report therefore focuses on the part of the Wadden Sea
Natura 2000 site closest to the Danish-German border. Focus is thus on the habitat site Vidå med
tilløb, Rudbøl Sø og Magisterkogen (H90) and the bird protection areas Vidåen, Tøndermarsken og
Saltvandssøen (F60) and Sønder Ådal (F63).
WWF Denmark and WWF Germany highlight in their joint complaint to the Bern Convention 13
species that are protected under Appendix II and Appendix III to the Convention. In addition to the 13
species, WWF Denmark and WWF Germany have raised concerns in a previous letter regarding three
additional species.
Table 1 below shows the species referred to in the complaint to the Bern Convention and the species
referred to in the previous letter. The table states whether the species characterised as designated
species under the EU Nature Directives (the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive) are on the
Danish reference list, and which of the nearby Natura 2000 sites have a given species that the relevant
site has been designated to protect.
The species the Natura 2000 sites are designated to protect are included in the national monitoring
programme.
Table 1. Species mentioned by WWF Denmark and WWF Germany in their complaint and letter to
the Bern Convention. The table states whether the individual species are designated species, and in
which of the Natura 2000 sites they are.
Danish Latin English Mentioned Appears in Natura 2000 Appears in
name name name in Annex II to the designated species nearby
complaint Habitats (habitat species on Natura 2000
of 23 Directive or the Danish site's basis of
September Annex I to the reference list from designation
2019 by Birds Directive - 20182 or species
WWF in a Danish of birds covered
Denmark context by the Birds
and WWF Directive and
Germany which have a
significant
occurrence)
Europæisk Lutra lutra European X X X N89 (H90)
odder otter
Grå ulv Canis Grey wolf X - -
lupus
Grævling Meles Eurasian X - -
meles badger
Rådyr Capreolus Roe deer X - -
capreolus
Dådyr Dama Fallow X - -
dama deer
Kronhjort Cervus Red deer X - -
elaphus
Europæisk Lynx Lynx Eurasian X X X
los lynx
Rørdrum Botaurus Eurasian X X X N89 (F60)
2
https://www.eionet.europa.eu/etcs/etc-bd/activities/building-the-natura-2000-network#autotoc-item-autotoc-3T-PVS/Files(2021)09 -8-
stellaris bittern
Trane Grus grus Common X X X N97 (F70)
crane
Husmår Martes Beech X - -
foina marten
Skovmår Martes Pine X - -
martes marten
Lækat Mustela Stoat X - -
erminea
Ilder Mustela Western X - -
putorius polecat
Guldsjakal Canis Golden Letter of 7 - -
aureus jackal May 2018
Rød ræv Vulpes Red fox Letter of 7 - -
vulpes May 2018
Europæisk Lepus European Letter of 7 - -
hare europeaus hare May 2018
Of the 13 species highlighted by WWF Denmark and WWF Germany in their joint complaint of 23
September 2019 and the three species mentioned in their letter of 7 May 2018, four species (European
otter, Eurasian lynx, Eurasian bittern and common crane) are characterised as species for which Natura
2000 sites have been designated. Three of the species appear in one of the nearby Natura 2000 site's
designation bases. Natura 2000 sites will not be designated for the remaining species, as they do not
appear in the relevant annexes to the Nature Directives and are therefore not on the reference list. The
remaining species are therefore not monitored in the national monitoring programme (NOVANA).
The three species the Natura 2000 sites are designated to protect are monitored regularly in the
national monitoring programme (NOVANA) at different time intervals. In the most recent programme
period (2017-2021), otter were monitored once, Eurasian bittern were monitored three times, and
common crane were monitored three times.
In addition to the species mentioned by WWF Denmark and WWF Germany in their letter of 7 May
2018 and their complaint of 23 September 2019, several species and habitat types in the Natura 2000
sites mentioned are monitored. Tables 2 and 3 show the species and habitat types monitored in the two
habitat sites and the three bird protection areas. The most recent mapping period was 2017-2021. The
next mapping period will be 2022-2026. Habitat types are mapped once per period, while species are
mapped with varying frequency, although at least once per period.
Table 2. Habitat types and species monitored in bird protection areas F60, F63 and habitat site H90.
The bird protection areas and the habitat site are all part of the Wadden Sea (N89) Natura 2000 site.
ID Danish English
1
7e2bcb82-85b2-4fcc-91bd-6046388 06a47 Udpegningsgrundlag for Designation basis for Bird protection area no. 60
Fuglebeskyttelsesområde nr. 60
2
3cbfff57-337f-4ab2-acee-26528725b561 Fugle: Birds:
3
7cc0dc2d-8b16-40ed-94be-a36719e26bcb Rørdrum (Y) Eurasian bittern (Y)
4
14f2e2bb-ac7c-471c-b49c-e3b0464e4f8e Pibesvane (T) Beckwick's swan (T)
5
5f4d021d-68ca-4e53-8fa7-d987596407 bc Sangsvane (T) Whooper swan (T)
6
367b570d-c30f-4f3d-946c-aa4222362a7b Grågås (T) Greylag goose (T)
7
4c7b1df6-2b49-44a3-ab1f-15a76ddb68 15 Kortnæbbet gås (T) Pink-footed goose (T)
8
041fd5cf-c93b-480a-bb1e-7090a6896994 Bramgås (T) Barnacle goose (T)
9
47ec6c59-c417-4fdb-8d1e-939d5bbba584 Gravand (T) Shelduck (T)-9- T-PVS/Files(2021)09
10
67afd77b-aef8-4ceb-a0d6-446c13af59ea Knarand (T) Gadwall (T)
11
8d3e5375-07e2-427d-a794-58 b5f4fef3c6 Spidsand (T) Pintail (T)
12
51588172-9af5-4033-83 37-c7a2f34da6df Skeand (T) Shoveler (T)
13
095e77e0-b7b4-45b3-adb4-78 30ce0f2298 Pibeand (T) Wigeon (T)
14
b384d810-d4 d2-46d2-950 4-dda81d1ff30d Krikand (T) Teal (T)
15
4306ec4f-7e61-4458-a63d-e81f14b1f940 Havørn (T) White-tailed eagle (T)
16
814e9d6a-250b-40fd-a543-a589319 3e256 Rørhøg (Y) Marsh harrier (Y)
17
9d98460e-7e97-4ee5-acae-3ed3f60ead50 Hedehøg (Y) Montagu's harrier (Y)
18
6ad340f3-5f77-4ffb-8c96-9db8604bf22 5 Engsnarre (Y) Corncrake (Y)
19
47789c5a-031d-4488-92 4f-f9713b53ad8f Plettet rørvagtel (Y) Spotted crake (Y)
20
6c5aa298-f675-4ce3-bfdf-a222f889d4a8 Klyde (TY) Avocet (TY)
21
bd970910-3a52-49e0-81 51-9510df83 7969 Hvidbrystet præstekrave (Y) Kentish plover (Y)
22
b7891f98-8186-41 33-9738-7a49ff030d 48 Strandhjejle (T) Grey plover (T)
23
87f6709b-ed4c-4d12-a57e-18c4b4d7d3 94 Hjejle (T) Golden plover (T)
24
e18edee8-3a8c-410c-842f-8e8c1e6c3812 Islandsk ryle (T) Red knot (T)
25
0c6f1544-9026-4693-b6 1b-1e721a6596d 3 Almindelig ryle (T) Dunlin (T)
26
a33ba3bb-5caa-4dfc-968c-23431a8044fa Brushane (Y) Ruff (Y)
27
fa7db2f3-8e11-4255-bf96-8849edd6e5ed Rødben (T) Redshank (T)
28
38db9ad6-9311-4b 13-a893-b1209af653dc Sortklire (T) Spotted redshank (T)
29
4c69ab1b-1d79-49b7-84 0f-e0ba6ec51ff6 Hvidklire (T) Greenshank (T)
30
24509bb5-79c6-4af0-b7c7-fd40c88390 50 Stor kobbersneppe (Y) Black-tailed godwit (Y)
31
10262c12-d331-42 20-9153-e5a241b8 34ae Lille koppersneppe (T) Bar-tailed godwit (T)
32
c868e814-375d-47eb-a98b-296a5a95728 5 Storspove (T) Whimbrel (T)
33
899effa5-87f5-43b1-9756-e28c82e73bf6 Fjordterne (Y) Common tern (Y)
34
11cca62d-4507-4554-a0fe-6ea5bfab4cd3 Sortterne (Y) Black tern (Y)
35
70a39e6f-eb64-4cbc-a586-6001ccdb9ae9 Blåhals (Y) Bluethroat (Y)
36
23be640d-242a-4b4e-9b8c-0d6ccb6aa337 Udpegningsgrundlag for Designation basis for Bird protection area no. 63
Fuglebeskyttelsesområde nr.63
37
f5c2e28c-f5c0-41dd-a9f8-7aa51d2467cf Fugle: Birds:
38
f531e9c9-0bc0-4119-b946-c8a7aec9baeb Rørhøg (Y) Marsh harrier (Y)
39
54b9e756-8772-4bc1-ac7d-9a772a998aaa Hedehøg (Y) Montagu's harrier (Y)
40
ab2b869c-2daa-4180-a44a-7200cc3501de Engsnarre (Y) Corncrake (Y)
41
120024b3-fd1e-431c-a34f-ec4a87250412 Sortterne (Y) Black tern (Y)
42
5a6c2417-f15f-4d22-9a20-103eaa23fea2 Rødrygget tornskade (Y) Red-backed shrike (Y)
43
e3bb64dd-a883-48ce-b268-d9683 2721d6 b Udpegningsgrundlag for Designation basis for Habitat site no. 90
Habitatområde nr. 90
44
b4701d02-46f8-49 b9-8daf-6c4d986415 9b Naturtyper: Natural habitat:
45
1cdb7b45-66df-48fa-8025-abab1224a97f Næringsrig sø (3150) Eutrophic lake (3150)
46
03058bc1-d894-45 48-8c3d-a7bb11c1aace Vandløb (3260) Watercourses (3260)
47
f0b16194-4c74-4029-b7 5f-11d9b1d b22b3 Bæklampret (1096) European brook lamprey (1096)
48
e279210b-b62f-4c40-9580-44e9ec8cfde1 Flodlampret (1099) European river lamprey (1099)
49
b2ac3566-f575-422a-a7a7-72dfff8154f1 Havlampret (1095) Sea lamprey (1095)
50
5eafa26a-c413-4c08-80fe-a8b599450807 Snæbel* (1113) Houting (1113)
51
d98515f1-3e4a-48e9-8456-9d89d 9f4ba25 Dyndsmerling (1145) Weatherfish (1145)
52
e56d6a50-6d55-4fde-b12c-ac039af2cef0 Odder (1355) Otter (1355)
Table 3. Habitat types and species monitored in bird protection area F70 and habitat site H87. The
bird protection area and the habitat site are both part of the Frøslev Mose (N97) Natura 2000 site.
53
34643db8-57 5c-40ad-9c3f-ab1aaf8e1c13 Udpegningsgrundlag for Designation basis for Bird protection area no. 70
Fuglebeskyttelsesområde nr. 70
54
bd4191b2-cc35-4416-ba01-94 4e2a5471ee Fugle: Birds:T-PVS/Files(2021)09 - 10 -
55
6e959df6-205e-4769-82a7-51e33c778dfa Rørhøg (Y) Marsh harrier (Y)
56
08a2d8f0-d849-456b-82 6e-1e742684357 4 Hedehøg (Y) Montagu's harrier (Y)
57
af18e636-bb0b-45e3-b79b-2e28f32b45a6 Trane (Y) Common crane (Y)
58
130b17ea-423e-4bb9-8a3a-5ed43614fc6f Tinksmed (Y) Wood sandpiper (Y)
59
6555bb70-4fa0-47c6-8b3f-f667938 9a3ec Blåhals (Y) Bluethroat (Y)
60
7170fa46-64a0-4e4f-a003-c8ce04dc93ee Rødrygget tornskade (Y) Red-backed shrike (Y)
61
9076eeea-4ceb-4b49-bd69-4d98201aae3a Udpegningsgrundlag for Designation basis for Habitat site no. 87
Habitatområde nr. 87
62
180a5d29-1566-42 83-9086-38b d3b12e06 3 Naturtyper: Natural habitats:
63
2fd735eb-cca6-496f-b4a7-146e900642f4 Næringsrig sø (3150) Eutrophic lake (3150)
64
11ae1482-133e-40dc-a879-530de26afc42 Brunvandet sø (3160) Dystrophic lake (3160)
65
e5430c36-0722-437d-88 bf-11c814e20346 Surt overdrev* (6230) Acid grassland* (6230)
66
0d54e4e7-3f21-4dba-99fc-6e603447ee56 Tidvis våd eng (6410) Molinia meadows (6410)
67
a452e5ee-1c44-4cb1-890a-ee9c98309245 Højmose* (7110) Raised bogs* (7110)
68
3579092b-db 40-4ac1-8698-13127c8b bfef Nedbrudt højmose (7120) Degraded raised bogs (7120)
69
54c19576-c976-4e01-9d32-8a8a2694a84 0 Hængesæk (7140) Transition mires and quaking bogs (7140)
70
96c92ffb-dad5-44d1-9df9-b49ceb2ceb0d Rigkær (7230) Alkaline fens (7230)
71
7cd2cdc6-9823-4736-ac56-067ca6d7ad0d Stilkege-krat (9190) Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus
roburon sandy plains (9190)
72
d80ded49-8523-44 24-9915-3ccfb7f2d309 Skovbevokset tørvemose* (91D0) Bog woodland* (91D0)
2.6. Monitoring the passage of wolves through the wild boar fence
In connection with ongoing reporting to the Danish EPA of monitoring data on wolves, Natural
History Museum Aarhus and Aarhus University, which carry out this monitoring in Denmark on
behalf of the Danish EPA, have concluded that at least four wolves have crossed the border from
Germany to Denmark – and thus crossed the fence – since the fence was completed in December
2019.
The most recent statement of monitoring findings is available here:
https://dce.au.dk/fileadmin/dce.au.dk/Udgivelser/Notatet_2020/N2020_81.pdf
Natural History Museum Aarhus and Aarhus University work with the German authorities, for
example, through the international Cewolf register. The register makes it possible to share information
on individual wolves. As the biological material from Danish wolves (faeces, hair collected as part of
the monitoring task, or saliva collected from livestock killed by wolves as part of the management
task, including the compensation scheme) is analysed for DNA, the following conclusions can be
made about the wolves that have crossed the wild boar fence since 2 December 2019.
Individual wolf Place of birth Most recent First observation in
observation in Denmark
Germany
GW1430m Germany 30-12-2019 05-01-2020
GW1629m Germany or Poland 18-05-2020 23-05-2020
GW1700f Germany 22-06-2020 03-10-2020
GW1840m Germany or Poland Unknown 13-08-2020*
*It is considered unlikely that wolves can stay for more than six months in Denmark without being
recorded in the monitoring, and this is why GW1840m is assessed to have migrated from Germany
after the fence was established.- 11 - T-PVS/Files(2021)09 Since late 2012, when a wolf was found dead in Thy National Park for the first time in recent times, a total of 14 wolves have migrated to Denmark from Germany. This corresponds to an annual migration of 1.75 wolves. With an increasing wolf population in Germany, increasing migration of wolves to Denmark from Germany was expected. Nevertheless, given the fact that the Danish EPA's monitoring of wolves in Denmark has shown that one wolf migrated from Germany to Denmark in 2018, that two wolves migrated from Germany to Denmark in 2019, while four wolves migrated from Germany to Denmark in 2020, there is no immediate indication that the wild boar fence has an appreciable negative effect on wolves’ possibilities to spread across the border from Germany to Denmark. 3. Temporary nature of the wild boar fence The "Bill on project design and construction of a wild boar fence along the Danish-German border" (forslag til lov om projektering og anlæg af et vildsvinehegn langs den dansk-tyske landegrænse) from the Danish Minister for Environment and Food states that: "The wild boar fence is a temporary measure. The Minister for Environment and Food may decide that the fence should be taken down if African swine fever is contained in Europe, and it is therefore no longer necessary to prevent wild boar from coming to Denmark as part of the measures to prevent African swine fever from coming to Denmark." The Bill was adopted by the Danish Parliament (Folketing) on 4 June 2018. Similarly, the subsequent construction permit of 13 August 2018 to establish the wild boar fence states that the fence is a temporary measure. The construction permit also states that, when the Danish Minister for Environment and Food assesses that African swine fever has been contained in Europe and it is no longer necessary to prevent wild boar from coming to Denmark from Germany, the Minister may order the wild boar fence to be taken down at six months' notice. The Danish Nature Agency will be responsible for removing the fence, which will include the entire fence and then restoration of the area. The removal will include all fences and any access routes that are only relevant to the fence, and restoration of the landscape will be with the greatest possible consideration for nature and the environment. Prior to taking down the fence and restoring the area, the Danish Nature Agency will submit a plan to the Minister.
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