(DND) Daily News Discussion - 21st - 23rd August 2021 our YouTube channel for entire GS Course FREE of cost - Sleepy Classes
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Daily News
Discussion
(DND)
21st - 23rd A u gu st 2021
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Table of Contents
1. Mains Value addition .............................................................................................................1
2. Environment ...........................................................................................................2
2.1.Fishing Cat (ToI) ......................................................................................................................2
2.2.New Species of Cascade Frog (TH) ....................................................................................2
3. Geography ...............................................................................................................4
3.1.Deserti cation and Land Degradation Atlas ..................................................................4
4. Economy ..................................................................................................................5
4.1.PM-KUSUM & Rooftop Programme (PIB) .......................................................................5
5. Science & Technology ..........................................................................................7
5.1.National bio-entrepreneurship competition...................................................................7
6. Polity .........................................................................................................................8
6.1.incel movement (IE) ...............................................................................................................8
6.2.Quota bene t cant be availed simultaneously in 2 states ..........................................8
6.3.Deshbhakti Curriculum (TH)...............................................................................................9
7. History......................................................................................................................10
7.1.Narayankoti temple under Adopt a Heritage Project ..................................................10
7.2.Surangam System ..................................................................................................................11
7.3.Moplah rebellion (TH) ...........................................................................................................12
Note -
• The Newspaper clippings pasted in PDF are important from Mains point of view as it
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to understand how to get the most out of everyday’s Newspaper .
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1. Mains Value addition
Mid day meal (P I/II/III)
• The centre’s expenditure on mid-day meal programmes has remained constant over the
years
• The centre shares 60% of the cost in the programme with the rest borne by the states.
Rights (PII)
Supreme court
• Merely because the law allows arrest, it doesn’t mean that the State can use the power
indiscriminately.
• This ends up crushing the personal liberty provided under Article 21 of the constitution.
Conditions for arrest
• When custodial investigation becomes necessary.
• When the crime is a heinous crime.
• When there is the possibility of influencing the witnesses or the accused.
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2. Environment
2.1.Fishing Cat (ToI)
• Around 87% of world’s wetland ecosystem have been lost due to anthropogenic activities
threatening wildlife species such as fishing cat Protecting fishing cat can save our precious
wetlands
Fishing Cat (State animal of West Bengal.)
• It prefers wetland ecosystem and traditionally found inthe South and Southeast Asia’s
rivers such as Ganga, Brahmaputra, Godavari, Krishna, Irrawaddy and Chao Phraya.
• The fishing cat is one of only two animals among the 40 odd members of the cat family
which can survive in wet landscape
• Top predator of the wetland ecosystem
• The fishing cat is etched on the 900-yearold Angkor Wat complex in Cambodia and
captured on relics of the Khmer empire, which flourished between the 9th and 15th
centuries on the mighty Mekong’s floodplains.
• In 2020, the Chilika Development Authority (CDA), the government body in charge of
preserving India’s oldest Ramsar site, declared the fishing cat Chilika’s ambassador.
• Chilika, Asia’s largest brackishwater lagoon, is home to a viable fishing cat population
• Status
✓ IUCN: Vulnerable
✓ WLPAct 1972: Schedule I
✓ CITES: Appendix II
2.2.New Species of Cascade Frog (TH)
• Researchershave discovered a new species of cascade frog from Arunachal Pradesh
named Adi Cascade Frog.
About
• It has been named Adi Cascade Frog (Amolops Adicola) after the indigenous Adi tribe
living in the Adi hills of Arunachal Pradesh.
• The literal meaning of Adi is “hill” or “mountain top.
• Historically, this region was also known as Abor hills.
Adi Tribe
• It is a Scheduled Tribe in Arunachal Pradesh.
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• The Adi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh is believed to have come from southern China in the
16th century.
• They are the Tibeto-Burman language speaking population.
• They are experts at making cane and bamboo items.
Major festivals
• Solung :Harvesting festival where animal sacrifices and rituals are performed
• Aran : Hunting festival where all the male members of the family go for hunting.
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3. Geography
3.1.Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas
• As per recent Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India , India is not on track
to achieve its national commitment of land degradation neutrality.
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4. Economy
4.1.PM-KUSUM & Rooftop Programme (PIB)
• Union Minister for Power and MNRE takes review of implementation of PM- KUSUM and
Rooftop Solar Programme Phase-II
PM KUSUM Scheme
• Launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) for the installation of
solar pumps and other renewable power plants across the nation
Three components
Component A
• Workers will setup 10,000 MW of decentralized renewable energy power plants which
are grid connected on barren land
• These grids will be setup by farmers, cooperatives, group of farmers, panchayats, Water
User Associations (WUA) and Farmer Producer Organizations (FPO)
• Power projects will be setup within the radius of 5 kms of the sub-station
Component B
• Under this scheme, farmers will be supported to install stand-alone solar agriculture
pumps worth of Rs. 17.50 lakh
• The capacity can be higher than 7.5 HP but financial support will only be provided uptil
7.5 HP capacity
Component C
• This scheme is for solarisation of 10 Lakh Grid Connected Agriculture Pumps and
individual farmers will be supported to solarize pumps those having grid connected
pumps
• Extra solar power will be sold to Distribution Companies of India (DISCOMs) at pre-
fixed tariff
• Farmer’s irrigation needs shall be met by using the generated solar power
Central financial assistance
Component A
• For buying the power from farmers or developers, Procurement Based Incentive (PBI) @
40 paise/kWh or Rs. 6.60 lakh/MW/year, whichever is less, will be provided for the first
5 years by MNRE to Distribution Companies of India (DISCOMs).
Component B & C
• Finance Assistance of 30% of the benchmark cost or the tender cost, whichever is lower
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• State Government subsidy 30%
• Remaining 40% by the farmer
Maximum subsidy
• The maximum subsidy offered under this scheme is up to 60% provided to farmers.
• Additional 30% of the cost will be offered in the form of loans. Therefore, farmers will
have to submit only 10% of the cost.
Rooftop Solar Programme Phase II
• The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is implementing Rooftop Solar Programme
Phase II to promote rooftop solar (RTS) in the country including in rural areas, wherein
RTS capacity aggregating 4,000 MW by 2022 is targeted for installation in the residential
sector
• Phase-II of Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Programme for achieving a cumulative capacity
of 40,000 MW from Rooftop Solar (RTS) Projects by the year 2022.
• This scheme is being implemented in the states by distribution companies (DISCOMs).
What is the cost involved?
• For individual households, subsidy up to 40 percent of the benchmark cost is provided
for RTS plants up to 3 kW capacity and 20 percent for RTS plants of capacity beyond 3 kW
and up to 10 kW.
• For Group Housing Societies/Residential Welfare Associations (GHS/ RWA), the
subsidy is limited to 20 percent of the benchmark cost for RTS plants of capacity up to 500
kW used for supply of power to common facilities.
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5. Science & Technology
5.1.National bio-entrepreneurship competition
• The fifth edition of the National Bio Entrepreneurship Competition (NBEC) organised
by Bengaluru-based Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP) was launched
recently
National Bio Entrepreneurship Competition (NBEC)
• NBEC is India’s largest and most prestigious national competition for bio- entrepreneurs
held annually to identify and nurture deep science-driven business ideas in the life
sciences domain that has the potential to break new ground in addressing societal
challenges.
• NBEC, which is conducted as a part of the BIRAC Regional Entrepreneurship Centre,
established at C-CAMP in partnership with Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance
Council (BIRAC), gives an unprecedented sum of Rs 8.5 crore in cash prizes and
investment opportunities this year for winners.
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms or C-CAMP
• is an initiative supported by the Department of Biotechnology.
• The initiative is an enabler or catalyst of cutting-edge research and innovation in the life
sciences since 2009.
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6. Polity
6.1.incel movement (IE)
• In recent times Incel movement is slowly becoming a threat to law and order, experts have
warned.
Incel Movement
• Incels are a largely online community of men who describe themselves as “involuntary
celibates.
• Men who are part of this movement harbour a deep resentment towards both women and
other men who are sexually active.
• The blame women for their own lack of sexual and social status
• An extreme section of Incels even advocate violence against women.
• However, not all members of the subculture are violent
• The movement came into the spotlight yet again in the UK’s Plymouth, where a 22-year-
old man named Jake Davidson shot dead five people, including a toddler, in what is
widely being called the worst incident of its kind in British history since 2010
Black pill theory
• The ‘black pill’ theory, often associated with incels, promotes the defeatist idea that your
fate is sealed at birth and no matter what changes you try to make, your sexual capital
cannot be altered.
Red pill theory
• Red pillers’, on the other hand, believe the world is biased toward women, and see
feminism as female supremacy. They believe there is a systemic bias in favour of women.
6.2.Quota benefit cant be availed simultaneously in 2 states
• Recently, the Supreme Court has ruled that a person belonging to a reserved category in an
undivided state is entitled to claim benefit of reservation in either of the successor States
Supreme court Judgement
• The ruling came after a resident (Scheduled Caste) of Jharkhand, filed an appeal against
the High Court order denying him appointment in state civil service examination of 2007
on the ground that his address proof showed that he was a permanent resident of Patna,
Bihar.
• The court ruled that a person cannot claim the benefit of reservation simultaneously in
both the successor states upon their reorganisation
• The person can claim benefit in either of the successor states
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• While participating in open selection in another state, the members of the reserved
category shall be treated as migrants and can participate in the general category without
claiming any benefit of reservation and vice versa
6.3.Deshbhakti Curriculum (TH)
•The Deshbhakti or
patriotism drive
launched by the Aam
Aadmi Party (AAP)
government in the
national capital
• Recently the Governing
Council of State Council
of Educational Research
and Training (SCERT) of
Delhi has adopted the
framework of
‘ Deshbhakti Curriculum’
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7. History
7.1.Narayankoti temple under Adopt a Heritage Project
• Recently, the Narayankoti temple
(Uttarakhand) has been included under
the Centre's Adopt a Heritage project.
Adopt a Heritage project
• The project Adopt a Heritage: ‘Apni
Dharohar Apni Pehchaan’ was launched
by the Hon'ble President of India on
27th September 2017 on the occasion of
World Tourism Day.
• Launched by Ministry of Tourism in
close collaboration with the Ministry of
Culture, Archeological Survey of India
(ASI), State/ UT Governments and the
Private/ Public sector companies/
Trusts/ NGOs/ Individuals,
• Aim:To develop tourism amenities at
heritage/ natural/ tourist sites spread
across India to make them tourist
friendly, in a planned and phased
manner.
Narayankoti temple
• The temple is a group of ancient
temples, about 2 km from Guptkashi
on the Rudraprayag-Gaurikund
highway.
• Itis devoted to Lakshmi Narayana
who is associated with Pandavas.
• It’s the only place in the country
where temples of all the nine planets
– Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus,
Saturn, Sun, Moon, Rahu and Ketu –
are present.
• It is believed that these temples were
constructed in the 9th century.
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7.2.Surangam System
• The karez system in Afghanistan, a legacy of its Persian cultural moorings, has suffered
extensive damage in 43 years of war and stares at an uncertain future under the Taliban’s
second regime. But hundreds of miles to the south, a similar system in southern India is
thriving.
Surangam System
• The surangam or suranga is usually found in northern Kerala and southern Karnataka.
• This is basically a tunnel dug through a laterite hillock from the periphery of which water
and moisture seeps out.
• Surangams are similar to qanats which once existed in Mesopotamia and Babylon around
700 Before Common Era
• Surangams resemble karez both in structure and spread. This system has been very
effectively used for domestic and agriculture purposes in dry areas of northern Malabar
• Some people believe the surangam is indigenous and a likely origin of the suranga system
refers to 18 Karhada Brahmin families that had been moved to the Kasargod area from
modern-day Maharashtra in the
17th century under duress.
• Newer research in the last few years has
disputed an Afghan / Persian origin of the
surangam, with the karez as its inspiration.
Surangam system : Working
• The word surangam is derived from a Kannada
word for tunnel. It is also known as thurangam,
thorapu, mala, etc, in different parts of
Kasaragod.
• It is a horizontal well mostly excavated in hard laterite rock formations. The excavation
continues until a good amount of water is struck.
• Water seeps out of the hard rock and flows out of the tunnel. This water is usually
collected in an open pit constructed outside the surangam.
• If the surangam is very long, a number of vertical air shafts are provided to ensure
atmospheric pressure inside. The distance between successive air shafts varies between
50-60 m
The karez system
• It is a legacy of its Persian cultural moorings.
• It has suffered extensive damage in 43 years of war and stares at an uncertain future
under the Taliban’s second regime.
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• Karez is a water harnessing technology in which groundwater is brought to the surface
by a tunnel.
• The technology originated in Persia/Iran and was widely used during the medieval
period.
Qanats (also called kariz, lyoun, aflaj)
• use underground water channels to drive the natural flow of aquifers to the earth’s surface
for irrigation and domestic use
7.3.Moplah rebellion (TH)
• Malabar Rebellion leaders Variamkunnath Kunhamed Haji, Ali Musaliar and 387 other
‘Moplah martyrs’ will be removed from the Dictionary of Martyrs of India’s Freedom
Struggle.
Reasons behind the move
• A three-member panel, which reviewed the entries in the fifth volume of the dictionary
brought out by the Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR), is understood to have
recommended the deletion as it felt that the 1921 rebellion was never part of the
Independence struggle, and was a fundamentalist movement focused on religious
conversion
• None of the slogans raised by the rioters were in favour of nationalism and anti-British, it
noted
• Malabar Rebellion (also called the Mappila or Moplah Rebellion by the British) was an
armed revolt by the Mappila Muslims of Kerala in 1921
• The trigger of the uprising came from the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by the
Congress in 1920 along with the Khilafat agitation.
• After the death of Tipu Sultan in 1799 in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, The British had
introduced new tenancy laws that tremendously favoured the landlords known as Janmis
and instituted a far more exploitative system for peasants than before.
• Most of the landlords were Namboodiri Brahmins while most of the tenants were Mapillah
Muslims.
• The Mopillahs launched a violent rebellion.
• Numerous actions of violence were reported and series of persecutions were committed
both against the British and the Hindu landlords.
• In the initial stages, the movement had the support of MahatmaGandhi and other Indian
nationalist leaders, but as it turned violent they distanced themselves from I
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• By the end of 1921, the rebellion was crushed by the British who had raised a special
battalion, the Malabar Special Force for the riot.
Wagon Tragedy
• In November 1921, 67 Moplah prisoners were killed when they were being transported in
a closed freight wagon from Tirur to the Central Prison in Podanur.
• They died of suffocation. This event is called the Wagon Tragedy.
Dictionary of Martyrs of India's Freedom Struggle
• The project for compilation of "Dictionary of Martyrs" of India’s Freedom Struggle was
commissioned by the Ministry of Culture, to the Indian Council of Historical Research
(ICHR) to commemorate the 150th anniversary of uprising of 1857.
• It is a five-volume dictionary contains an account of the martyrs from India’s First War of
Independence in 1857, to India’s Independence in 1947
• It includes the martyrs of 1857 Uprising, Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919), Non-
Cooperation Movement (1920-22), Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34), Quit India
Movement (1942-44), Revolutionary Movements (1915-34), Kissan Movements, Tribal
Movements, Agitation for Responsible Government in the Princely States (Prajamandal),
Indian National Army (INA, 1943-45), Royal Indian Navy Upsurge (RIN, 1946), etc.
Information of about 13,500 martyrs has been recorded in these volumes
Five Volumes
• Volume 1, Parts I & II. In this volume, more than 4400 martyrs of Delhi, Haryana, Punjab
and Himachal Pradesh have been listed.
• Volume 2, Parts I & II. In this volume more than 3500 martyrs of Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan and Jammu & Kashmir have been
listed.
• Volume 3. The number of martyrs covered in this volume is more than 1400. This volume
covers the martyrs of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Sind.
• Volume 4. The numbers of martyrs covered in this volume is more than 3300. This volume
covers the martyrs of Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh,
Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Tripura.
• Volume 5. The number of martyrs covered in this volume is more than 1450. This volume
covers the martyrs of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
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