Dispositivi minimi di progetto per la green city
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Dispositivi minimi di progetto per la green city
riferimenti ed esempi
orti ovali di Nærum, Danimarca, Carl Theodor Sørensen
Università degli studi di Trieste - Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura
Corso di Laurea Magistrale C.U. in Architettura Gorizia, 04/05/2021
Economia Urbana, prof.ssa Sonia Prestamburgo dott. arch. Elisa Cacaci
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
>
Andreucci, M.B., Riflessioni per un’economia del Paesaggio. Position paper AIAPP Associazione Italiana di Architettura del Paesaggio, convegno nazionale
AIAPP: “Progetto di Paesaggio: motore di sviluppo economico”, Roma, 13 dicembre 2013.
origini_EMERALD NECKLACE (1860, Boston)_Frederick Law Olmsted
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parks
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with the support of its public and private partners.
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WALKING AND RUNNING DISTANCES
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Emerald Necklace offers beautiful paths that are convenient to
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nce W RIVERWAY
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14 M AIC AW
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LONGWOOD MEDICAL & ACADEMIC AREA LANDMARK GR
S. Huntington Public Garden, at Charles St., to Charlesgate East:
St.
INCLUDING BRIGHAM AND WOMEN’S HOSPITAL, CENTER EE
ne St.
ins
Lochstead Ave.
.
N
ot
hs St
HEATH BETH ISRAEL DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER,
ve. #39
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roundtrip 2.5 miles
AY
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CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL BOSTON LIN
on A CHARLES
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ingt
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alth Ave
10 unt
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re St
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PARK
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yls
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to
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Pasteur
FENWAY
RW
OF PUBLIC HEALTH
r
#39 BOSTON
Jamaica St.
roundtrip 1.5 miles
seph
St.
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CIRCLE SCHOOL SIMMONS
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COLLEGE OF
Leverett Pond Loop (Good for families with small children):
Heath St.
N
JAM AIC A PLAIN
E
LIN PHARMACY AND
HEALTH SERVICES
BACK BAY FENS roundtrip .7 mile
ARNOLD
MAS
E
MI SSI ON HIL L ISABELLA
STEWART
CHARLESGATE
S
PIKE
GARDNER
MASSART
25 Jamaica Pond Circumference: 1.5 miles
PA
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So
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EVANS WAY
u LONGWOOD
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th C
D
PARK
Green St.
St. MEDICAL AREA
Arnold Arboretum, Hunnewell Bldg. 13 to Peter’s Hill Summit 10 :
R
St
g St.
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IV
h
Boylston St
.
Sout E
roundtrip 3.5 miles
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GR
ate
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EE FE rlesg
ac
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on
E
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St.
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28 27 31 Franklin Park Walking Loop: 2.5 miles
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AY
.
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ssiz
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Ave. MUSEUM OF FINE MUDDY M
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FOREST FINE ARTS ARTS 29 RIVER
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ay
W
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WENTSWORTH
St.
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Bo
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to
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lls S ou
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Montebello
t.
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SYMPHONY
ar
Iffley Rd.
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Park Lane
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FOREST 8
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BEACON
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38
t.
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Humbold PAVED PATHWAYS SIGNAL-PROTECTED CROSSWALK MBTA STATION 40 HILL
er
6 t Ave.
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SCARBORO (www.mbta.com)
an
PARK
37 39
Le
VEHICLES POND ARLINGTON
UNPAVED PATHWAYS ! CAUTION – UNPROTECTED CROSSWALK
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MBTA TRACKS ABOVE GROUND
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SUGGESTED BIKE ROUTE IN PARK
St.
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PARKING
COMMON
St.
FRANKLIN
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LO
St.
PARK SUGGESTED WALKING ROUTE RESTROOMS 42
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IN
BOSTON LK
ZOO Regulations: Please see posted regulations because SOUTH END 43 MASSACHUSETTS
WA
STATE HOUSE
A
NATURE Elm Hil TOT LOT PLAYGROUND
W
l Ave. SUGGESTED BIKE ROUTE ON STREET they vary from park to park. In most of the parks, dogs 41 44
LK
CENTER must be on leash.
MATTAPAN
IN
G
LO (Assuming travel from Arlington Street towards Franklin Park)
PICNIC AREA
O
SUFFOLK
RA
OP
GOLF COURSE EMERSON
46 UNIVERSITY
St.
N
St.
G
PEDESTRIAN ENTRANCE COLLEGE
45
E
Park
n America
LIN
or
to n Legion Maple St. CAFE
E
M Highway (Franklin Park & Arnold Arboretum only) nt St. BOYLSTON
Har
vard Tremo PARK STREET
CHURCH
St. PARK ST.
0 .25 Mile .5 Mile .75 Mile 1 Mile ORAN
4
St.
GE LIN
5 E
er
GOV’T
CHINATOWN
Seav
NEW ENGLAND CENTER
Blue Hill MEDICAL CENTER
Ave. DOWNTOWN
CROSSING
DORC HESTER CHINATOWN
E
LIN
ve.
Blue Hill A
RED
STATE
PA R K F E AT U R E S
1 White Stadium 6 Schoolmaster Hill: Named for Ralph Waldo Emerson 12 Larz Anderson Bonsai Collection: See the oldest 16 Pinebank Promontory: A peaceful spot in this 21 Leverett Pond: Leverett Pond is a fine example 26 James P. Kelleher Rose Garden: Designed by 30 Fenway Victory Gardens: Victory Gardens were 35 William Lloyd Garrison Statue: Publisher of Central Burying Ground: Purchased in 1756 and
41 added
who lived near this site in the 1820s when he was a and smallest trees at the Arboretum. Open mid-April to busy park, the promontory’s stunning views across the of Olmsted’s skill combining landscape, water, and landscape architect Arthur Shurcliff in the 1920s, this cultivated during World War II to ease demand on wartime “The Liberator” and founder of the New England Anti- to the Common in 1839, this is the final resting
Overlook Shelter Ruins: Originally a field house, it
2 was schoolteacher in Roxbury. This hidden spot has picnic early November. Pond and cooling breezes through tall pines made it an structure into his designs. Islands were created to provide garden was restored by the City of Boston and the Emerald food supply. The Fenway gardens are among the few to Slavery Society, Garrison was a powerful voice in the place for Revolutionary War soldiers and many others.
one of the few structures Olmsted ever designed.The tables, century-old white pines, and offers a spectacular attractive site for three successive mansions in the 1800s. both visual interest and waterfowl breeding area. Necklace Conservancy. Combining the best of old and new remain in continuous cultivation.Today, 500 plots are tended abolitionist movement. Olin Levi Warner, Sculptor
site was the home to Elma Lewis’ Playhouse in the Park in view across the park and to the Blue Hills beyond. 13 Hunnewell Building: This building houses admin- Today, a granite outline marks the footprint of the last roses, today’s garden includes over 1,500 plants representing by community gardeners and feature a bounty of flowers Soldiers and Sailors Civil War Monument:
42 Martin
the ’60s and ’70s, and jazz greats, including Duke Ellington, istrative offices, a horticultural library, restrooms, and mansion that stood here. 22 Bellevue Street Bridge 200 different varieties. and vegetables. 36 Alexander Hamilton Statue: Hamilton, a Founding Milmore, Sculptor
performed here. 7 The Wilderness: A 65-acre native oak forest with a visitor center with maps, seasonal exhibitions, and Father who also started the central banking system,
meandering paths and huge Roxbury puddingstone knowledgeable staff to help make the most of your visit. 17 Ward’s Pond: This secluded pond is a glacial “kettle-
23 Chapel Street Bridge Area/Historic Bridle 27 War Memorials 31 Boylston Bridge: Designed by prominent 19th-century welcomes visitors to the Mall between Arlington and Frog Pond: Site of 1848’s “Water Celebration”inaugurating
43 the
3 The Playstead: A large, active sports area that outcroppings, the Wilderness is a picturesque landscape Weekday building access for restrooms begins at 9:00am; hole” formed at the end of the last ice age. A serene, Paths: Bridges played a key role in all of Olmsted’s work, architect H. H. Richardson, this bridge is constructed of Berkeley streets. Dr.William Rimmer, Sculptor city’s public water system, today the pond serves as a
accommodates basketball, tennis and many field sports. and a good example of urban woodlands. closed holidays. Visitor Center hours: November through heavily wooded area, the visitor finds a quiet wilderness, not only along rivers, but everywhere that he sought to Japanese Bell: Found on a scrap heap in Yokosuka, this Cape Ann granite. Projecting bays offer sweeping views skating rink in the winter and a supervised wading pool in the
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0E-ygn0-2r4
origini_PROSPECT PARK (1873, Brooklyn)_Frederick Law Olmsted
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBCId465O5U
origini_GARDEN CITY (1898, Tomorrow, a paceful path to real reform)_Ebenezer Howard
MULTIFUNZIONALITÀ
Capacità delle green infrastructure di svolgere varie funzioni ecosistemiche e
di produrre molteplici benefici integrati dal punto di vista ecologico-ambientale
e socio-economico.
CONNETTIVITÀ
Relazione, attraverso reti e matrici, tra differenti caratteristiche del paesaggio
urbano, senza riguardo alla dimensione, alla composizione o alla forma.
TRANSCALARITÀ
Efficacia delle green infrastructure nel fornire benefici da servizi ecosistemici,
senza che l’entità di questi sia dipendente dalla scala dell’intervento.
Andreucci, M.B., Progettare Green Infrastructure. Tecnologie, valori e strumenti per la resilienza urbana,
Architettura Edilizia Sostenibilità, Wolters Kluwer, Milano 2017, pg. 62mitigazione clima urbano
GREEN miglioramento qualità dell’aria
INFRASTRUCTURE
gestione dei rischi da allagamentoMITIGAZIONE DEL CLIMA URBANO La scelta delle migliori soluzioni progettuali deve tener conto di: - Temperatura dell’aria - Velocità, direzione e intensità del vento - Temperatura delle superfici - Umidità relativa - Temperatura media radiante - Caratteristiche geometriche, fisiche, - Temperatura fisiologica equivalente visive e termiche dei luoghi.
V. Dessì, Progettare il comfort degli spazi pubblici, pg. 12 (sx) pg. 20 (sopra)
MITIGAZIONE DEL CLIMA URBANO_naturalizzare lo spazio pubblico
La progettazione deve essere ragionata sul PROFILO D’USO STAGIONALE
degli spazi.
CALDO: ombreggiamento e raffrescamento
FREDDO: protezione dello spazio aperto dai venti freddi e
dalla pioggia, massimizzazione dell’esposizione solare
[RUMORE: in generale non ha stagione]MITIGAZIONE DEL CLIMA URBANO_permeabilizzare le superfici
I suoli sono in grado di stoccare grandi quantità di carbonio e, se integri, posso-
no assicurare il corretto funzionamento del ciclo delle acque
limitare il compattamento e l’impermeabilizzazione dei suoli
favorire l’uso di materiali porosi e permeabili
es. ghiaie, griglie inerbite, superfici a prato, ...
ri-permeabilizzare superfici impermeabili non più necessarieMITIGAZIONE DEL CLIMA URBANO_vegetare l’involucro degli edifici
orizzontale -> green roofs/tetti verdi
verticale -> green facades/facciate verdi
concorre a diminuire gli effetti dell’isola di calore
migliora anche l’isolamento del fabbricato
N.B. preferire soluzioni a basso impatto ecologico ed economicoMIGLIORAMENTO DELLA QUALITÀ DELL’ARIA_sequestrare e stoccare
gli inquinanti
preferire:
un mix di varietà arboree-arbustive-erbacee locali
le specie tolleranti agli stress idrici
contenere:
le piantumazioni monospecifiche
le specie allergeniche
le specie maggiormente soggette a malattie e infestazioni
MIGLIORAMENTO DELLA QUALITÀ DELL’ARIA_ridurre il rischio di
allergieGESTIONE DEI RISCHI DA ALLAGAMENTO
mitigazione degli effetti dati dall’eccesso di acqua
mitigazione dei fenomeni di siccità attraverso il ripristino
ambientale delle aste fluviali
GREEN BLUE INFRASTRUCTUREGESTIONE DEI RISCHI DA ALLAGAMENTO_incrementare l’infiltrazione
naturale delle acque nei suoliGESTIONE DEI RISCHI DA ALLAGAMENTO_diminuire il ruscellamento
trincee drenanti
bacini di bio-ritenzione
stagni e sistemi di fitodepurazione, es. rain garden
tetti verdi
facciate verdiSERVIZI ECO-SISTEMICI EROGATI DA INFRASTRUTTURE VERDI E BLU
produzione di cibo
miglioramento qualità dell’aria
riduzione del rumore
riduzione run-off e allagamento
impollinazione e biodiversità
comfort urbano e microclima
fuibilità e attrattività spazio pubblico
identità e senso di appartenenza
bellezza della naturaSOLUZIONI ED INTERVENTI NATURE-BASED
rain gardens giardini rocciosi
trincee infiltranti pergolati e verde verticale
pozzi di infiltrazione tetti/parcheggi verdi
fossati inondabili pavimentazioni drenanti
giardini umidi giardini/strade alberati
pocket gardens strade con rain gardens
orti e giardini condivisi marciapiedi smart
bacini, parchi e piazze parcheggi e piazze minerali
inondabili permeabiliALCUNI ESEMPI
ROSE FITZGERALD KENNEDY GREENWAY_Boston, 2008
Le nke
Bu
on r H
ar ill
d
P. Brid
Zak g
im e
NORTH STATION/
TD GARDEN
NOR TH EN D
BULFINCH
TRIANGLE
t
ee
Str
Salem
et
re
St
er
et
ov
Stre
Han
HAYMARKET eet
rth
Str
bury
No
w Sud
Ne Cro
ss
St
re
et
et
re
n St
lto
Fu
reet
l St
e
nu
ercia
ve
A
ic Christopher
mm
North End Parks
nt
Columbus
Atla
Co
Su
rfac
e Ar Park
te
Armenian Heritage Park
ry
Clinton Street
Harbor Park Pavilion
Quincy Market
Boston
BE ACON GOVERNMENT
City Hall Faneuil
Hall AQUARIUM
HILL CENTER
Street
State
Street
State
New England
Rings Fountain
Aquarium
STATE STREET Custom
House
St
Central
State t
House Milk Stree
A t la n
tic Av
Ind
ia Str
e n ue
eet
Row
East India
Broa
d Stree
t
et
Stre
High
PARK STREET Wharf District Parks
Urban Arboretum
O
liv
FINANCIAL
er
St
re
DIS TRIC T
et
DOWNTOWN
CROSSING
No
Pe
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arl
Av
St
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Fo
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Con
Brid
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es
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Ev
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elyn
et
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Br To Institute of
et idge
St
re Contemporary Art,
se
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Pu
Federal Courthouse
Sum
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Ft. Point Channel Parks
Stre Dewey Square Plaza
Con
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en
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Av
Lincoln Street
es
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lant
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At
re
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CHINATOWN
Essex Street
Dewey Square Park
Su
mm
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THE ATER SOUTH STATION
St
reet
Children’s
DIS TRIC T
ad
Museum
Ro
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rf a
Su
CHINATOWN Beach
Stre
et
LE ATHER
DIS TRIC T
SOU TH BOS TON
WATERFRONT
Mary Soo
Hoo Park
SOUTH STATION
Chinatown Park BUS TERMINAL
0 100 200 300 400 feet
The Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway
Spring 2010HIGH LINE_New York, 2009-2014, Diller Scofidio + Renfro/James Corner
Field OperationsSIMON AND HELEN DIRECTOR PARK_Portland, 2009, The Olin Studio
CENTRO CULTURALE ELSA MORANTE_Roma, 2010, LC-Architettura
THE AVENUE_Washington, 2011, studio Sasaki
DISPOSITIVI MINIMI?
M.T. Salomoni, Gli alberi e la città, pg. 20
GREEN ROOFS
SCHOOL OF ART, DESIGN AND MEDIA - NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY_Singapore, 2006, CPG Consultants PTE LTDGARY COMER YOUTH CENTER_Chicago, 2006, Hoerr Schaudt
Landscape ArchitectsORTI ALTI_Torino
https://www.lastampa.it/tuttogre- en/2019/06/04/news/new-york-passa-la- legge-che-impone-i-tetti-verdi-1.36538390
GREEN FACADES
CAIXAFORUM_Madrid, 2008, Herzog & de Meuron - Patrick Blanc
TRUSSARDI CAFÈ_Milano, 2008, Carlo Ratti Associati
ASSI VIARI
SISKIYOU GREEN STREET_Portland, 2003, Kevin Robert Perry, Portland
Bureau of Environmental ServicesWATER SENSITIVE ZOMERHOF / AGNIESE DISTRICT_Rotterdam, 2015,
De UrbanisteinWATER SQUARES E AREE “ANTI-ALLUVIONE”
WATER SQUARE BENTHEMPLEIN_Rotterdam, 2011, De Urbanistein
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=226&v=kujf4BTL3pE&feature=emb_logoZOLLHALLEN PLAZA_Friburgo, 2011-2013, Atelier Dreiseitl
QUARTIERE SAN KJELD, TASINGE PLADS_Copenhagen, 2016, Tredje Nature
Rebuild by Design -> BIG U_New York, 2016, BIG e One Architecture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BP9wh0_7JsA
TANNER SPRINGS PARK_Portland, 2010, Atelier Dreiseitl and GreenWorks
DEPAVING
TEXTURE PARKING_Courtrai, 2014, Studio Basta and Wagon Lanscaping
ORTI URBANI E SPAZI LEGATI ANCHE AL CIBO
AGRIHOOD_Detroit, 2011 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZeKXInnt1U
ORTI DIPINTI_Firenze https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=96&v=SCF3bndrkAI&feature=emb_logo
LAFAYETTE GREENS_Detroit, 2012
https://vimeo.com/283154965OLTRE IL GIARDINO_Pordenone, 2013-2017
RIVERPARK FARM_New York
L’ORTO E LA LUNA_Udine
GREEN BRONX MACHINE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALnlFJUV7Lo&ab_channel=GrowingaGreenerWorld
NAERUM ALLOTMENT GARDENS_ Nærum, 1952, Carl Theodor Sørensen
Bibliografia: - M.B. Andreucci, Progettare Green Infrastructure. Tecnologie, valori e strumenti per la resilienza urbana, Architettura Edilizia Sostenibilità, Wolters Kluwer, Milano 2017 - M.F. Palestrino (a cura di), Spazi spugna. Esperienze di pianificazione e progetto sensibili alle acque, Collana Urbana, Clean Edizioni, Napoli 2014 - V. Dessì, E. Farnè, L. Ravanello, M.T. Salomoni, Rigenerare la città con la natura. Strumen- ti per la progettazione degli spazi pubblci tra mitigazione e adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici, Guide interdisciplinari REBUS, Maggioli Editore, Santarcangelo di Romagna 2017 (2 ed.) - V. Dessì, Progettare il comfort degli spazi pubblici, Rebus, Quaderno 08 - M.T. Salomoni, Gli alberi e la città, Rebus, Quaderno 07 - M. Baccichet, Agricoltura urbana e giardini condivisi in riva al Noncello, Olmis, Pordenone 2017 - A. Calori e A. Magarini (a cura di), Food and the cities. Politiche del cibo per città sosteni- bili, Edizioni Ambiente, Milano 2015
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