Conjoint Approach to Water & Sanitation in the State of Uttarakhand - Ms. Sowjanya, Project Director Uttarakhand Rural Water Supply & Sanitation ...

Conjoint Approach to Water & Sanitation
      in the State of Uttarakhand
           Ms. Sowjanya, Project Director
 Uttarakhand Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Project,
           Department of Drinking Water,
            Government of Uttarakhand
                                                    1

Overview
   Name of session: Breakout Session 1

   Title of presentation: Case Study: Conjoint Approach to
    Water & Sanitation in the State of Uttarakhand

   Name of presenter with organisation details:

    Ms. Sowjanya, Project Director,

    Uttarakhand Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Project,
    Department of Drinking Water, Govt. of Uttarakhand

   email ID : pmu_uttaranchal@rediffmail.com
                                                          2

Sanitation Coverage
100                                                                                     92
    90                                                                        85
    80                                                              75
    70                                                     65
    60                                             55
                                           47
%

    50
                                   41
    40
                          36
          29      32
    30

    20

    10

     0
         2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10   2010-11   2011-12   2012-13

    The above % is on the basis of 2001 Census
    Integrated delivery of RWSS w.e.f. 2006-2007

Trend of NGP Award
          600
                                                                  525
          500                                           462
                                               418
          400
Numbers

          300                         282

          200
                            122
          100
                  13
            0
                2005-06   2006-07   2007-08   2008-09 2009-10   2010-11

Summary
Challenges for scaling up: Reaching the Unreached
 Dependency on public water supply systems
 Inhospitable terrain; Scattered population ; Not enough land
 Frequent land slides ; Short working season. ; Weak capacity of GPs
Key Factors for Success:
 Decentralized institutional arrangement
 Integrated Approach to Water Supply & Sanitation
 Intensive IEC campaign
 Community involvement at all stages
 Use of NGO to strengthen the capacity of the GP
 Capacity building at all level in view of the changing roles and
  responsibilities induced by the decentralized process            5

Discussion Points
        1. Decentralized institutional arrangement:
   The sanitation strategy is strictly premised on the
    principle of ‘subsidiarity’.
   The habitation is the focal point for all activities rather
    than revenue village or the Gram Panchayat.
   PRIs and local communities plan, procure, construct,
    operate and maintain RWSS facilities
   Users Water & Sanitation Sub Committee is the
    primary management unit exercising control over
    resources & decision making.
                                                              6

Discussion Points
  2. Integrated Approach to Water Supply & Sanitation

 The water supply schemes are integrated with
  household and village environmental sanitation
  programs, solid waste management, and health and
  hygiene awareness promotion programs for maximizing
  the health benefits to the rural communities.

 Availability of water at the village level, reliable and
  functioning water supply system is a key for sustainable
  usage of sanitation facilities.
                                                             7

Discussion Points
                       3. Intensive IEC
   Intensive IEC for awareness creation and demand
    generation for sanitation facilities.
   Motivating communities & GPs promoting sustainable
    sanitation facilities through awareness and healthy
    education.
   Focus on women stakeholders.
    Use of participatory tools
   General messages and information on disease
    transmission.
   Fear of attack from wild animals/potential molestations
    are important triggers for demand generation.        8

Discussion Points
4. Use of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Tools
 PRA process is used to help rural communities to organize
  their knowledge, identify and prioritize local development
  needs, and develop along term action plans.
 The advantage of PRA includes;
 full participation of communities right from the start,
 plans reflect a field reality,
 establishment of good working relationships and
 communication lines between authorities and the
                                                            9

 community.

Healthy Home Survey
   A set of self monitoring tools developed and used by
    the community to monitor its own sanitation status
    develop follow up action plan on areas needing
    attention. The steps include: -
   Developing the indicators in three groups personal
    hygiene, domestic hygiene and environmental
    sanitation.
   Data collection through secret balloting, survey of
    houses and village area.
   Discussion of the results in a community wide meeting.
   Based on above preparing action plan for the next
    quarter and setting targets for achievement.

Healthy Home Survey

Monitoring and performance tracking
   The online Sector Information System (SIS) has helped
    in timely analysis and aggregation of data at various
    level to track progress, process quality and
    sustainability.
   This system has led to reduction and time and efforts
    made in generating various information required at
    various levels.
   This has also led to transparency in the implementation
    of the RWSS.
   The URL http://swajalsis.uk.gov.in is in public domain
    and can be viewed by any one without password.
   The SIS has helped in tracking the progress of each and
    every aspect of RWSS scheme at any point of time
    leading to good example of good governance

Monitoring and performance tracking

Challenges for scaling up:
 Non availability of water supply in remotely located
  habitations.
 Thin population density per Sq/Km.
 Inhospitable terrain;
 Short working season due to frequent landslides;
 Temperature below freezing point in high mountain
  areas during winter and
 Weak capacity of GPs.
 Weak financial & technical capacity of contractors for
  execution of turn key works.                        14

Key Success Factors
   The project is strictly premised on the principle of ‘subsidiarity’
    viz., that a particular decision/activity is made/ takes place at the
    lowest most appropriate level.
   Accordingly, the habitation is the focal point for planning,
    implementation, operation & maintenance of the water supply
    scheme, rather than revenue village or the Gram Panchayat (GP).
   UWSSCs is the primary management units exercising control
    over resources & decision making.
    The project makes extensive use of existing government systems
    for funds flow, financial control & financial reporting.
    The state has transferred the control of ‘funds, functions and
    functionaries’ down to the lowest rung of the local governance
    infrastructure - Gram Panchayats - transforming the way rural
    water supply infrastructure is created and managed in the state. 15

Key Success Factors
   Dedicated team of motivators and volunteers
   Integrated delivery of water supply services: The water supply
    schemes are integrated with catchment area programs,
    household and village environmental sanitation programs,
    solid waste management and health and hygiene awareness
    promotion programs, in order to maximize water supply and
    health benefits to the communities.
   Implementation in integrated manner through coordination of
    concerned line departments like ICDS, Health, Rural
    Development, Panchayati Raj, Watershed, Education, Jal
    Nigam, Jal Sansthan and Ajeevika Pariyojana.
   Effective communication with the communities one of the
    single biggest reason for scaling up
                                                                16

Key Success Factors
   Habitation as unit of planning: The habitation is the focal point
    for planning, implementation, operation & maintenance of the
    water supply scheme, rather than revenue village or the Gram
    Panchayat (GP).
   Capacity building of all stakeholders: Special training
    programs have been developed and implemented through the
    local training institutions to sensitize the state, district and
    village stakeholders and functionaries regarding the sanitation
    program
   Information, Education, and Communications (IEC): IEC
    activities through workshops, cross-visits, competitions, IEC
    stalls, TV programs, etc. A couple of short documentary films
    have been prepared on the good practices currently being
    implemented under the project. A quarterly newsletter- ‘Swajal
    Samachar’ is regularly published for dissemination of project
    philosophies and principles as well as experience sharing and
    lessons learnt.                                               17

Recommendations for Next steps/what should be done

 Management of communities expectations through
  negotiation and communication for achieving sustainable
  sanitation goals.
 Leaderships are vital. This needs to be carefully nurtured,
  especially at local level.
 Investment in addressing changes from early childhood,
  especially through Aganwadi and schools are effective, but
  require quality inputs in both software and hardware.
 Legislation & regulations are needed to ensure that the costs
  of community water supply and sanitation are recovered
  from all water source users.
 Recognition that mere construction of toilets does not
  guarantee usage nor results in improved hygiene &
                                                             18
  sanitation.

Recommendations for Next steps
 Dissemination of success stories through exposure visits.
 Communication management should be planned to
  communicate most effectively and efficiently with village
  specific communities
 Use of a flexible interpersonal style suiting to audience.
 Political and cultural awareness. The skillful use of politics
  can help in scaling up.
 Decentralized delivery of RWSS is need of the hour.
 Emphasizing sanitation as an economic stimulus.
 Involving and activating of PRIs in sanitation campaigns
 Provision of bathing facility with a toilet encourages women
  in particular and is a significant trigger for better sanitation
  outcomes.
 Meaningful collaboration with NGOs for capacity building
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  and community mobilization.

IHHL, School & Community Toilets

                                   20

Solid Liquid Waste Management

                                21

Thank you
E mail ID: pmu_uttaranchal@rediffmail.com
                                            22
        Phone No. 0135/2733380