Analyzing On English-Indonesian Culture - Specific Concept Translation By Google Translate
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616
Analyzing On English-Indonesian Culture –
Specific Concept Translation By Google
Translate
Dwi Setiyadi, Yuli Kuswardani, Dera Kumala Sari, Dwi Anita Martanti
Abstract : Language is one of the tools to interact with other people. Ways to understand the meaning of another language with translate the textual
material. Translation consists of transferring the meaning of Source Language (SL) into the Target Language (TL) in order to get the information easily.
The researcher focuses on the cultural specific concept translation by Google Translate. The objectives of research are: to describe and analyze the
accuracy, to describe and analyze the clarity, to describe and analyze the naturalness of translating English into Indonesian by Google Translate in the
article from internet. This study uses qualitative method. The type of study is document research. The data: document, document ation technique, by
quality translation from internet to be translated by Google Translate. Analysis technique: flow model of Miles and Huberman.
Index Terms: Translation, Cultural Items, Machine Translation
—————————— —————————
1 INTRODUCTION
LANGUAGE is very important. Language is one of the tools intended the text‖. From several definition above, the
to interact with other people. Language is inseparable from researcher concludes that Translation involve two
human. With language, people can related to the other language. They are source language and target language.
people which finally language utter communication with Both languages must string with same. The process of
each other. English is important language because it is an translation consists of the lexicon, grammatical structure,
international language and used almost in all areas of life communication and cultural context of source language
use English such as school, college, government, tourism, text. According Larson (1998: 4) simply present presents
business, entertainment, and others. Ways to understand the diagram of the translation process of follows:
the meaning of another language with translate the textual
material. Translation is important manner to help reader
understand information from the source language (SL) into
the Target Language (TL). The researcher focuses only on
machine translation because it can help people to translate
text quickly. However in the research, the researcher will
chose one of the machine translation is Google translate.
Google translate easily accessible by human. Google
translate only translate the text without considering the The diagram above shows that first, the process of
accuracy of the text. Many text or words find every day. The translation discovered the meaning inside the source
researcher will choose text from internet. However, the language. In this diagram, the translator want analyze the
researcher focuses on the cultural specific concept which source language text make it as simple be read, and then
find from article in the internet. By using Google translate transfer the meaning to the receptor language to be re-
reader can translating text from English into Indonesian. express the meaning, so the reader can receive the
Indonesian has many kinds of culture. The reader must be appropriate same meaning with the source language. To
carefully if want to translate, especially using Google produce a good translation, Larson (1998: 529) proposes
Translate. In this study, investigators want to know how three criteria must be done the result of translation and to
Quality of Google Translate to translating a text and how be a good translation or quality translation, they are
the results of Google Translate. The title chosen by the according to Larson (1998: 530-532) they are explained as
researcher is The Analysis on English-Indonesian Culture bellow:
Specific Concept Translation by Google Translate. Accuracy
Newmark in Approaches to translation (1981: 7) states that Translator makes mistake that a careful check for
translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a accurate is needed. It means that translation should not
written message and/or statement in one language by the be changed, deled and added the information must have
same message and/or statement in other language. the closest meaning as possible with the target
According to New mark in another book, A Textbook of language.
Translation (1988: 5) ―Translation is rendering the meaning Clearness
of a text into another language in the way that the author The translation should be clear and understandable.
Translator aims to communicate the message in a way
———————————————— that people can readily understand. The translation
Dwi Setiyadi, Universitas PGRI Madiun, Indonesia. E-mail: should be understand clearly by the reader and able to
dwisetiyadi@unipma.ac.id
Yuli Kuswardani, Universitas PGRI Madiun, Indonesia
convey all meaning what the author‘s purpose.
Dera Kumala Sari, Universitas PGRI Madiun, Indonesia Naturalness
Dwi Anita Martanti, Universitas PGRI Madiun, Indonesia The translation must be tested to see if the grammatical
forms used are those normally used. In the translation,
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www.ijstr.orgINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616
the quality the message is accurate must appropriate which is doing in the manner of categorization and
with source text and clear in deliver information to the classification written materials which related with problems
reader, but at the same time, they sound strange. The of the research, both of source documents although books,
translator does not want his translation to sound newspaper, and etc. According to Richard and Schmidt
―strange‖ of ―foreign―. (2002: 465) ―Purposive sample is a sample that is
There are two types of untranslatability based on Newmark deliberately chosen without using randomizing technique‖. It
(1988: 78) the first is linguistic untranslatability. means that purposive sample is Plan of researcher selected
Untranslatability occurs when an ambiguity which is strange a sample to do research based on the researcher‘s
in the source language text is functionally relevant feature judgment and a sample and it is adjust to research study
and the second is cultural untranslatability. The reason need. In analyze the data, the researcher uses component
cultural of this untranslatability is a cultural which has of data analysis from Miles and Huberman (1994: 10-11).
characterization itself that has not found in other cultural. Therefore, the analysis of the data consists of three flow of
According to Newmark (1988: 94) ―culture as the way of life activity. There are data reduction, data display and
and its manifestations that are peculiar to a community that conclusion drawing and verification.
uses a particular language as its means of
expression‖. From the definition, it can be said that culture 3 RESEARCH FINDING & DISCUSSION
is the way of life as evidence in human society that uses The researcher will analyze the criteria of good translation
particular language to express. They are types of Cultural such as accuracy, clarity and naturalness and the
items Nida (in Newmark, 1988: 95) states, cultural items
researcher will denote the data in percentage form of
can be categorize into five, they are ecology (flora, fauna, accuracy, clarity and naturalness of using Google Translate.
winds, plains, hills), material culture (artifacts), Social
Firstly, the researcher will be analyzing the accuracy.
culture, organization, customs, activities, procedures,
concepts: political, social, legal, religious, artistic, gestures 3.1 The Accuracy
and habits. Culture specific concept is one type of non-
Based on the parameter used in this research as bellows:
equivalence at word level. It is difficult to translate into other
a. Accurate: The culture specific concept text translation
languages which is rarely understood by people from other
is accurate. Here, the translation should communicate
cultures. The definition Machine translation (MT) itself,
the same meaning with the source language.
according to Cheragui (2012: 160) ―translation from one
b. Less Accurate: The culture specific concept text
natural language (source language) to another language translation is Less Accurate. Here, the translation still
(target language) using computerized systems and, with or
have the same meaning with the source language but
without human assistance‖. Meanwhile, according to Lopez
rather difficult to be understood by reader. It means
(2008: 8) ―MT is the automatic translation from one natural
that there are removal meaning in order to reader
language into another using computers‖. From statements understood and there are some additions or reductions
above, it means that machine translation is a translation
in delivering a message.
from source language into target language using computer.
c. Inaccurate: The culture specific concept text
translation is Inaccurate. The translation does not
2 RESEARCH METHOD communicate with the same meaning as the source
Design is important thing in a qualitative research. language. It means that the target language has lost
According to Yin (on Hancock and Algozzine, 2006: 31) meaning as accurate as possible.
―Types of case study research designs include exploratory,
explanatory, and descriptive‖. It means that research design TABLE 1.1: DATA OF PERCENTAGE OF THE ACCURACY IN GOOGLE
have many types. There are exploratory, explanatory, and TRANSLATE
descriptive. In doing the research, the researcher uses Respondents
descriptive qualitative because the data of this research No Accuracy
1
give expression to a problem and hand over in an objective 1 Accurate ___
manner about condition in fact (fact) from investigated 2 Less Accurate 86%
object. The object is Google Translate and the purpose of 3 Inaccurate 14%
this research to know how accuracy, clearness and Total 100%
naturalness in using Google Translate and it can used to
reference for the student or the other people when they are
Based on table 1.1 it is concluded that of data are 29 data,
using Google Translate. Yin (2011:6) says that the allure of
the result from the respondent is zero data are translated
qualitative research is that it enables you to conduct in-
accurate. It means that there are no data which considered
depth studies about a broad array of topics, including your
to be accurate, 25 data (86%) are translated less accurate,
favorites, in plain and everyday term. It means that the
4 data (14%) are translated inaccurate using Google
researcher active to do going deep studies and the
Translate in translating a culture specific concept text. The
research can do in a plain manner and everyday terms.
researcher is assisted by the expert in determining the
This research uses document as a source of data.
accuracy of the result of Google Translate to determine the
According to Bogdan and Biklen (2007: 64) ―Qualitative
accuracy in Google Translate result.
researchers are turning to documents as their primary
source of data‖. The researcher uses documentation in
TABLE 1.2: DATA SHOWING ACCURACY IN GOOGLE TRANSLATE
collecting data and this technique qualitative research have Accuracy
Source
function as tool collecting the data principal. Nawawi (2005: No Code
Language
Target Language
3 2 1
95) states that this technique is way to collecting the data
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1 A5 Celebrated on Dirayakan pada 1
the last full bulan purnama 1 Clear 14%
moon of the terakhir dari bulan 2 Less clear 76%
lunar month lunar setiap tahun, 3 Unclear 10%
every year, the Holi Festival Total 100%
vibrant Holi bersemangat
Festival marks menandai akhir
the end of winter dari musim dingin It can be shown that the degree of the clarity of Google
and the dan Translates translation result of clear is 4 data (14%), less
abundance of kelimpahanmusim clear is 22 data (76%), and unclear is 3 data (10%). It is the
the upcoming semi panen result from respondent. There are some examples of the
spring harvest mendatang. clarity of Google Translate from respondent.
season.
TABLE 1.4: DATA SHOWING CLARITY IN GOOGLE TRANSLATE
Source Target Clarity
No Code
Language Language 3 2 1
1 A19 Tabi Tabi (kaus kaki
(Japanese Jepang)
socks) and danzouri
zouri (sandal
(Japanese Jepang) yang
sandals) are dikenakansaat
worn when keluar.
going out.
2 A24 It is whipped Hal ini dikocok 2 A4 Whilst the Sementara
with "chasen (a dengan "chasen Indian year tahun India
bamboo whisk)" (kocokan bambu)" is packed dikemas
until it gets sampai mendapat with both dengan baik
foamy, and is berbusa, dan regional and upacara
then served. kemudian national keagamaan
disajikan. religious regional dan
ceremonies, nasional, dan
From the explanation above, it can be concluded that the and each masing-
religious masing
researcher only focuses on the result of accuracy on community komunitas
Google Translate about culture specific concept and the has their agama
researcher infer that the accuracy about culture specific own memiliki
concept of Google translate is still poor, but overall in the observances ibadah dan
text most of the data occur accurate. By Google translate is and rituals, ritual mereka
Diwali, or sendiri, Diwali,
translated overall culture specific concept term there is no
the ‗festival atau 'festival
meaning of change into a target language. It can be seen of lights‘ lampu' tetap
on table 2.1 which the data have shown zero percent remains the event terbesar
belong to accurate, 25 data (86%) belong to less accurate, biggest dalam
4 data (14%) belong to inaccurate. The result of Google event in the kalender
Translate can be said less accurate, because the cultural budaya.
calendar.
translation still have the same meaning with the source
language but rather difficult to be understood by reader.
Although culture specific concept term does not change in
translating by Google Translate but Culture specific concept
in the text exiting or indicated meaning of the term itself.
3.2 The Clarity
The researcher has been evaluated by the viewer (reader)
using the parameter as bellows:
a. Clear: the reader can understand clearly when
translated. The translation commonly used and familiar
by the reader.
b. Less clear: the meaning of target language occur
ambiguity problem and used of the term there was a
slight error. It can be the reader rather confused in
understanding the text.
c. Unclear: The target language cannot be understood, it
makes the reader difficult to read the text.
The result of clarity in Google Translate by the viewer
(reader) is presented as follows:
TABLE 1.3: DATA OF PERCENTAGE OF THE CLARITY IN
GOOGLE TRANSLATE
No Clarity Respondents
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3 A12 Kabuki is Kabuki adalah TABLE 1.6: DATA SHOWING NATURALNESS IN GOOGLE
one of the salah satu dari TRANSLATE
representati perwakilanben Source Target Accuracy
ve traditional tuk teater No Code
Language Language 3 2 1
theater tradisional
1 A2 Deeply Sangat
forms of Jepang. Hal ini
traditional and tradisional dan
Japan. It is dikatakan
rich in culture kaya akan
said to have telah dimulai
and heritage, budaya dan
begun sekitar 1603
Onam Festival warisan, Onam
around 1603 ketika Okuni,
is a ten-day Festival adalah
when Okuni, seorang
harvest festival panen
a female petugas
festival, sepuluh hari,
attendant of perempuandar
celebrated dirayakan
the Izumo i Izumo
with great dengan
Shrine, Shrine,
devotion and pengabdian
performed dilakukan
enthusiasm in yang besar dan
Nenbutsu Nenbutsutaria
Kerala antusiasme di
folk dances n rakyat di
Kerala
in Kyoto. Kyoto.
From the explanation above, it can be concluded that the
researcher infer that the natural about culture specific
concept of Google translate is still poor or most of data
occur unnatural. Here, the respondent have difficult to the
understanding the sentence.
4 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
4.1 Conclusion
a. Accuracy
A translation can be said accurate if the translation
should communicate the same meaning with the
From the explanation above, it can be concluded that how source language. The research results of accuracy
the result of clarity on Google Translate about culture translation of culture specific concept terms data
specific concept based on the result the questioner which is show that there are 29 data the result from the
given to the some respondent. respondent is zero data are translated accurate. It
means that there are no data which considered to
3.3 The Naturalness be accurate, 25 data (86%) are translated less
After that the researcher will denote the data in percentage accurate, and 4 data (14%) are translated
from of naturalness using Google Translate. In this chapter, inaccurate. The result of Google Translate can be
same with chapter before, based on the parameter used in said less accurate.
this research. b. Clarity
a. Natural: the sentence or the translation can be easy to A translation can be said clarity if the reader can
read. It means that the translation is easy to read by understand clearly when translated. The clarity of
the reader and the words are normally used. Google Translates translation result of clear is 4
b. Less natural: the translation can be understood by the data (14%), less clear is 22 data (76%), and
reader, but there are certain part that should be read unclear is 3 data (10%). It is the result from
more than one because target language somewhat respondent. The result the data is less clear
seems strange in terms of grammar. c. Naturalness
c. Unnatural: the translation is difficult to read. The words The last is naturalness, it is the translation is easy
are not normally used. Translation unnatural or feel to read by the reader. The rating conducted of the
like work of translation. clarity by three rates concluded that the result from
the respondent is 29 data (100%). It means that
TABLE 1.5: DATA OF PERCENTAGE OF THE NATURALNESS IN there are all data which considered to unnatural
GOOGLE TRANSLATE and natural and less natural is zero data. The
Respondents naturalness about culture specific concept of
No Naturalness
1 Google Translate is still poor, they are mostly
1 Natural __ unnatural.
2 Less Natural __
3 Unnatural 100%
4.2 Suggestion
Total 100%
In this research, the researcher give suggests to the
readers if want to translate cultural specific concept:
Based on Table 1.5, Data of percentage of the Naturalness
Dictionary/ encyclopedia of culture
in Google Translate. The result from the respondent is 29
data (100%). It means that there are all data which Consult to the expert
considered to unnatural and natural and less natural is zero Making cultural adjustment
data. Some examples of the naturalness of Google
Translate can be tabulated and analyzed as follows:
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