Airport and Aircraft Terminology - Seating configuration - Holy Cross High School
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Airport and Aircraft
Terminology
& Seating configuration
1
Transport Services in South
Africa.
Gr.11
2
Fasten your seat belts as we
learn more about air transport.
The basic terms and concepts used in air
transport.
3
Concepts
1. Inbound flights (flts) 2. outbound flts
3 regional flts 4 international flts
5. transcontinental flits 6 connecting flts
7. intercontinental flts 8. transatlantic flts
9 direct flts 10 non-stop flts 11 customs
12 long-haul 13 medium-haul 14 short-haul
15.stopover/layover 16chartered flts 17 scheduled flts
18 international airports 19 national airports
20 gateways 21 custom duty 22 privately owned airport
23 private landing strip 4
Airport terminology
Gateway
A gateway is an entry/exit point into or out of a country.
Example: O.R. Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg -
the main gateway into and out of South Africa. Most international
tourists travelling by air enter South Africa through this airport.
Many different gateways into a country (depending on the
mode of transport)
By road: border posts like Beit Bridge between Zimbabwe and
South Africa;
By air : airports where aircraft land
By rail: the last train station before leaving the country, or the
first train station after entering the country (for example at
Mafikeng/Mahikeng before going into Miga in Botswana)
By water: the harbours or ports where a ship docks.
5
Airport terminology
Inbound:
Coming INTO a country. Can refer to a flight or a tourist.
Outbound:
Going OUT of a country. Can refer to a flight or a tourist.
Domestic:
Within the borders of a country/local. Can refer to a flight or a tourist.
Regional:
Flights within a particular region, for example a flight from South Africa to
Botswana (or any other country within the SADC region) or vice versa.
International flights:
Flights that cross the border of another country, for example a flight from
South Africa to Germany is referred to as an international flight.
Intercontinental flights:
Intercontinental flights are flights between two continents, for example a flight
from a country in Africa (African Continent) to a country in Europe
6
Airport terminology
Transcontinental flights:
Flights across a continent, for example a flight from Namibia (African
continent) to Egypt (African continent).
Transatlantic flights: Flights across the Atlantic ocean from South
America to Africa or Africa to South America, for example a flight from
South Africa to Brazil.
Connecting flights: the second or third flights to reach the final
destination. It may include an overnight stopover in between flights.
Legs of a flight: the different sections of a journey to reach the final
destination
Transit: a restricted state /area where a passenger is not allowed to
leave the transit area without a transit visa. Transit passengers do not
leave the airport, they have left one flight, and are waiting to board the
next flight on their journey.
7
8
Transatilantic
9
Airport terminology
Long-haul flights:
Flights over long distances, for example a flight from South Africa to
Australia. (6 hours and longer - wider bodied aircraft)
Medium-haul flights:
Flights between 3 and 6 hours
Short-haul flights:
Flights under 3 hours
Chartered flights:
These are flights on aircraft that are hired by private companies or
individuals, and customers’ needs determine the size of the aircraft, the
point of departure, destination and time of departure. Unscheduled
flights.
Renting an entire aircraft as opposed to individual aircraft seats (i.e.
purchasing a ticket through a traditional airline).
1011
Scheduled flight
12Airport terminology
Long-haul flights:
Flights over long distances, for example a flight from South Africa
to Australia. (6 hours and longer - wider bodied aircraft)
Medium-haul flights:
Flights between 3 and 6 hours
Short-haul flights:
Flights under 3 hours
Chartered flights:
These are flights on aircraft that are hired by private companies
or individuals, and customers’ needs determine the size of the
aircraft, the point of departure, destination and time of departure.
Unscheduled flights.
Renting an entire aircraft as opposed to individual aircraft seats
13
(i.e. purchasing a ticket through a traditional airline).Airport terminology
BATELEUR AIR CHARTERS
14Airport- a place where aircraft can land and load
passengers and cargo on board and then take off
again. Facilities include bars and restaurants, prayer
rooms, banking facilities, tourist information and car
rental offices, shops and many more.
15Terminal:
The airport building that allows passengers to go
through the process of boarding and disembarking
their flights. O.R. Tambo International has six terminals
which have been divided into international, domestic
and transit terminals. These are further divided into
arrival and departure terminals.
Terminal building
16Landside: The landside part of the airport is the part that is open
to passengers and other visitors. If you visited an airport to have a
look at the facilities or to say goodbye to a friend who is leaving by
plane, you will only be able to access the landside part of the
airport.
Airside: The airside part of the airport is the part that passengers
can access after they have gone through check-in, security and
other control points. Visitors are not allowed to go into the airside
part of the airport.
Landside
Airside
17Gate:- This is the physical area of the airport through
which passengers enter to board or disembark from
their flights. The number of gates at an airport will
depend on the size of the airport. Passengers are told
through which gate they will board and this information
is also on their boarding pass.
18Check-in counter
The first place a passenger goes to after arriving at the airport.
The passenger’s documents such as identity documents,
passports and bookings on a flight are confirmed or verified.
Baggage is weighed and labeled before being sent to the cargo
hold. Passengers can make any special requests such as
preferred seats or meal requirements at this point and they are
issued with a boarding pass.
19Airport terminology
Speed check-in kiosks
Passengers without checked baggage can use the speed check-in
kiosks to check in for their flights. These kiosks are usually self-service
and as long as a passenger does not have any luggage or special
requests, they can use them to check in for their flights quickly and
efficiently.
The kiosks are located
within the airport
terminal and have
touch screens where
you are able to access
your flight with your
booking reference
number. A passenger is
able to select a seat
and print the boarding
pass. This must be
done 90 minutes before
departure. 20Boarding pass
A document that proves the passenger has permission to board a
particular flight. It contains the passenger’s name, the name of the
flight, the departure time, and the gate at which the passenger
boards the flight and the seat number. Most boarding passes have
an electronic barcode that allows the gate agent at the boarding
gate to check the passenger’s flight on board a particular aircraft .
Gate agent – airline staff member who checks passengers
going through the departure gate
ENGELBRECHT/E MRS
FQTV SA – 32771307/BLUE
KIM
JNB
ECONOMY
Y
ENGELBRECHT/E MRS
FQTV SA – 32771307/BLUE
KIMBERLEY
JOHANNESBURG
GATES CLOSE 15 MIN PRIOR TO 18 FEBR
DOMESTIC AND 20 MIN PRIOR TO SA 1102 SA 1102 Y 18 FEB 0755
INTERNATIONAL DEPARTURES
05 C 0735 05C XX
ETKT 0834747518251-1
0 0
032 032 Y
PASSENGER TICKET AND BAGGAGE CHECKENGELBRECHT/E MRS
FQTV SA – 32771307/BLUE
KIM
JNB
ECONOMY
Y
ENGELBRECHT/E MRS
FQTV SA – 32771307/BLUE
KIMBERLEY
JOHANNESBURG
GATES CLOSE 15 MIN PRIOR TO 18 FEBR
DOMESTIC AND 20 MIN PRIOR TO SA 1102 SA 1102 Y 18 FEB 0755
INTERNATIONAL DEPARTURES
05 C 0735 05C XX
ETKT 0834747518251-1
0 0
032 032 Y
PASSENGER TICKET AND BAGGAGE CHECK23
Airport terminology
Security control points
Airport security checkpoints ensure that items that are prohibited do not
enter the plane. Body scanners, x-ray machines and other security
devices are used to search passengers’ bodies and their baggage.
24Boarding:
The action of getting onto an aircraft. Passengers enter through a
gate that leads to the plane. At the gate attendants cross check
the flight information on their boarding passes and confirm
whether they should be on that particular flight, then they proceed
to the plane. To get to the plane they use a skywalk*, walk or get
onto an airport shuttle bus. Once at the plane, flight attendants
direct passengers to their seats. Boarding times are shown on
boarding pass and alert passengers where and when to start
boarding procedures.
25Airport terminology
Skywalk – an enclosed, raised walkway that takes
passengers directly from the terminal to the aircraft.
26Carousel
A carousel is usually a conveyor belt that carries
checked luggage to the baggage claim area where
passengers can then pick up their baggage.
27Baggage claim area
This is the point at the end of a flight passengers can
pick up the baggage they checked into the luggage hold
at the end of a flight. To help passengers find the
carousel where they can fetch their luggage, display
boards in the baggage claim area indicate the flight
number and where the flight came from.
28Check-in procedures, boarding procedures
• CHECK-IN
✓ Every passenger after arriving at the airport
should go to the check-in desk. During check-in,
we hand over our main luggage.
• DOCUMENT CONTROL
✓ The passenger should try & complete as early
as possible at the designated counters.
• SECURITY CONTROL
✓ Every passenger & their luggage are subject
to a detailed security control, screened by means
of special devices.
29CONT.
• CUSTOMS REGULATIONS
✓ Passengers travelling abroad are obliged to
observe customs regulations.
• AFTER ARRIVAL
✓ Every passenger undergoes control of
documents.
• LUGGAGE COLLECTION
✓ Passengers collect their registered luggage in
the arrival hall.
30Baggage allowances (domestic flights)
✓ Each airline has its own domestic policy &
fees for carry on bags & checked luggage.
✓ REMEMBER: Once you exceed- be warned!
❖ Economy- maximum of 23kg per traveller
+ 1 bag as cabin baggage
❖ Business-maximum of 32kg + 1 bag as
cabin baggage
31Safety procedures before take-off
• A detailed explanation given before take off to
airline passengers about safety features of an
aircraft.
• Small aircrafts- can take place in the form of a
live briefing performed by flight attendants
standing up in the aisles.
• Larger aircrafts have procedures in the form of
a video lasting between 2-6 minutes.
❖ Review aircraft safety card
❖ Brace position
32Safety procedures cont…
❖ Use of the seat belt- turbulence etc.
❖ Location of emergency exits & evacuation
slides
❖ Use of oxygen masks, life vests & life rafts
❖ A reminder not to smoke on board
❖ Reminders on use of laptops, mobile
phones & to stow luggage under a seat or
in the overhead compartment.
33Aisle: This is the passageway between rows of seats. The
number of aisles on an aircraft will depend on the size of the
aircraft, for example a wide-body aircraft usually has two aisles
whereas a narrow-body aircraft has one aisle.
Galley: This is the part of the aircraft that contains the kitchen. It
has facilities to store and serve food and beverages. It also
contains the flight attendants seats, safety equipment or
anything else that flight attendants may require during the flight.
34Cockpit: This is the compartment found at the
front of the aircraft containing all the devices that
the pilots may needed to fly the aircraft. It usually
has three seats, for the captain, the co-pilot or
first officer and a seat for the navigator.
35Aircraft terminology
Tray tables: These are fold away tables found at the back of a
seat, allowing the person in the seat behind to unfold the table in
front of him or her. The passenger then has a small table to eat,
or work on.
Cargo hold: This is the area in the aircraft (usually underneath
the area where the passengers sit) where luggage and other
goods and cargo are transported.
36Entertainment
On short flights, entertainment is not an
important issue, as passengers don’t have the
time to get bored. On longer flights, particularly
international flights, it is important to keep
passengers entertained. Some forms of
entertainment include:
a) an on-board magazine that passengers can
read,
b) DVD movies or movie channels,
37Entertainment
c) music channels to listen to, and
d) an on-board camera attached to the
bottom of the airplane, so that you can
see the ground over which you are
flying.
Many long-haul flights provide
individual television sets for each
passenger, located in the back of the
seats. 3839
Overhead storage bins: These are found above passenger’s
heads in an aircraft and contain the space where passengers
can store their carry-on-baggage, also commonly known as
hand luggage. There is limited space available and therefore
hand luggage cannot exceed a certain weight.
Oxygen masks:
Masks that are placed over the mouth and chin in the event of
decompression (lack of oxygen due to drop in cabin pressure). The
masks provide a steady flow of oxygen in emergency situations.
40Wide- and narrow-body aircraft
Some aircraft are larger than others. Of course the
larger the aircraft is, the more passengers it will be
able to carry.
In aviation terminology, we use the term ‘wide-body
aircraft’ to refer to larger aircraft. They usually have
two or more aisles. The Boeing 747 is probably the
most well-known example of a wide-body aircraft.
A narrow-body aircraft is a more traditional design,
used for smaller airplanes, with a single aisle down
the middle of the airplane and seats on either side.
41Ethiopian Airlines’ deadliest crash 2019
42Travel class sections
In comparing airline seats, the pitch (distance between
the two rows of seats) and width (distance between
armrests) is considered. When there is more distance
between seats, there is more legroom and more comfort.
A wider seat (width) means more comfort. More
expensive.
Airlines are divided into classes, which determine the
price you will pay. They are divided into first class,
business class, and economy class.
Domestic flights in SA only offer business and economy
class
43Seating configuration in an aircraft:
The three-cabin configuration is found mostly on
international and transcontinental flights. Most
airlines use a two-cabin plane (business and
economy class) for short haul or domestic flights.
Economy Class
Economy seats are a little larger than domestic flights. The
average size of an international coach seat is 43.2 cm with a
pitch of 81.3cm. They usually have drop down TV screens at
approximately every 2 to 3 rows and 1 large big screen TV at
the front of the economy section. Food and wine services are
standard.
44Seating configuration in an aircraft:
Business Class
The average business class seats have a pitch of
1.45m and a width of 53.3cm. Most business
class seats are recliners, however, some major
airliners have seats that can lie flat. There is a
larger personal TV screen, better food and wine
services and other amenities.
45First class
International first-class (Business Class) seats are only
found on long haul international routes. They have
25.4cm to 76.2cm more pitch and 2.5 – 5cm more
seat width. They also have more electronic seat
adjustments, larger personal TV screens and superior
food and wine service. There are usually more flight
attendants to the passenger ratio and a better
amenities kit.
46Seating configuration in an aircraft:
Seats on an aircraft are numbered using the
alphabet and numbers together. Seats have
letters starting with A. An A seat is always the
seat next to the window on the right hand side
of the aircraft when entering from the front.
Rows are numbered starting from Row 1. This
means that if a person is sitting in seat 3A,
they are on the right-hand side of the aircraft
next to the window in row 3.
47A B C D E F G H I J
Seating configuration in an aircraft
Aisle, window and emergency exit seats
Aisle seats are those seats that are in between the two rows of
seats and are situated along the passage.
Window seats are located along the windows of the aircraft.
Emergency exit seats are seats located in a central part of the
plane where if there is an emergency, the doors can be opened
for passengers to disembark quickly through a chute. There is
usually extra legroom between these rows.
49EMERGENCY EXIT SEATS: • The passenger sitting in these seats must: • Physically able to open the door • May not be younger than 16 • May not be pregnant • Check in official must actually see the person
Activity: Identify the sections of the aircraft
labelled A-D
51Cockpit gallery business class economy class
• A cockpit
• B gallery
• C business class
• D economy class
5253
Activity:
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