AHEAD OF THE CURVE ENHANCEMENTS TO ONTARIO'S AUTOMATED VEHICLE PILOT PROGRAM - MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION ONTARIO - OGRA Conference
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AHEAD OF THE CURVE
ENHANCEMENTS TO ONTARIO’S AUTOMATED
VEHICLE PILOT PROGRAM
MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION ONTARIO
PRESENTATION TO THE ONTARIO GOOD ROADS ASSOCIATION
February 23rd, 2019
2
Context
• January 1, 2016: Ontario became the first Canadian
jurisdiction to regulate the testing of connected and
automated vehicles (CAVs) on public roads.
• Ministry of Transportation continues to:
▫ consider how CAVs can help us meet our broader
transportation goals;
▫ consider impacts of CAVs to our existing legislation,
regulations, and policies;
▫ assess data and information from on-road testing and
engage stakeholders to ensure that our testing pilot is
flexible and responsive.
3
AV Pilot Status
• Currently, nine participants testing 10 vehicles in Ontario:
▫ The University of Waterloo, The Erwin Hymer Group,
QNX, Continental, X-Matik Inc., Magna, Uber, Aptiv,
and Logics Academy.
• July 31, 2017: Magna and Continental completed North
America’s first publicized national, cross-border
automated vehicle drive through Southern Ontario and
Michigan.
• October 12, 2017: QNX completed the first automated
vehicle drive that connected with live city infrastructure.
4 Jurisdictional Overview: Canada Testing Programs • January 2018: Manitoba announced plans to introduce an AV pilot regime. • August 2018: Quebec became the second Canadian jurisdiction to allow AV testing – and first to permit the testing of driverless shuttles on public roads. • Other provinces have pilot projects for CV/AVs that are not operating on public roads (BC, Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan). Other Activities • May 2018: Transport Canada – Guidelines for Trial Organizations • June 2018: CCMTA – Jurisdictional Guidelines – Testing and Deployment
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Jurisdictional Overview: United States
Source: U.S. National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)6
Government Responsibility
Federal Provincial/ Municipal
Territorial
• Setting and enforcing • Testing/licensing human • Enacting and enforcing
compliance with Motor Vehicle drivers and registering bylaws.
Safety Standards for new motor motor vehicles.
vehicles.
• Enacting and enforcing • Managing public
• Investigating and managing the traffic laws and transportation.
recall and remedy of non- regulations (including
compliances and safety-related trials). • Advocating for and
motor vehicle defects accommodating testing.
nationwide. • Conducting safety
inspections.
• Enforcing traffic laws and
• Public education on motor
vehicle safety issues. • Regulating motor vehicle regulations.
insurance and liability.
• Setting and enforcing • Adapting infrastructure to
compliance with technical • Public education on motor support AV deployment.
standards related to wireless vehicle safety issues.
technologies integrated in
• Public education on motor
vehicles and roadside • Adapting infrastructure to
infrastructure support AV deployment. vehicle safety issues.7 Changing Landscape • Vehicles with SAE level 3 technology (conditional automation) will be commercially available in the near future – likely by 2020. • Driverless shuttles are being tested in other jurisdictions. These vehicles provide a potential first-mile last-mile transit solution. • Cooperative truck platooning is being tested in other jurisdictions. Research suggests it lowers fuel consumption and may help to improve road safety and efficiency.
8
Enhancements to the AV Pilot
• January 1, 2019: Ontario introduced three enhancements to the AV
pilot regulation, in order to keep pace with technological
advancements.
• These enhancements include:
1. Allow the testing of driverless AVs as part of the pilot, under
specific conditions to ensure safety;
2. Allow the testing of cooperative truck platoons as part of the
pilot, under specific conditions to ensure safety; and
3. Exclude from the pilot conditionally automated vehicles
(Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Level 3), if they are
originally manufactured with a driving automation system, and
eligible for sale in Canada.9
AV Pilot Program Overview: Conditions
❑ Effective Jan. 1, 2016; amended Jan. 1, 2019
❑ Driver must remain seated in the driver’s
seat at all times monitoring the safe
❑ 10-year pilot program
operation of the AV and be capable of
Level 0 – no taking over immediate manual control –
❑ Restricted to testing purposes only
automation unless approved for driverless testing
GENERAL
❑ Applicants must complete & submit AV
REQUIREMENTS ❑ Current Highway Traffic Act (HTA) rules of
application to MTO and keep an approved copy
the road and penalties apply
in the vehicle as this constitutes acceptance
into the pilot program
Level 1 – driver ❑ Penalties in HTA s. 228(8) also apply to
assistance ❑ Vehicles with SAE level 3 technology included if
violations of the pilot regulation (fine of
$250 – $2,500)
retrofitted with an automated driving system
❑ Only vehicles manufactured and equipped by recognized parties permitted:
✓ Original Equipment Manufacturers
Level 2 – partial ✓ Technology Companies
automation ✓ Academic/Research Institutions
ELIGIBILITY/ ✓ Component and Systems Manufacturers
DRIVER
QUALIFICATION ❑ Driver must hold a valid licence for the class of vehicle (A, B, C, D, E, F or G), a valid licence from
Level 3 – another jurisdiction, or a valid international driver’s permit
conditional ❑ Participant must have liability insurance of at least $5 million, or if the vehicle has a seating capacity
automation of 8 or more passengers, $8 million
❑ Permitted: passenger, street cars and commercial vehicles | Not Permitted: motorcycles, motorized
bicycles and farm vehicles
Level 4 – high ❑ Must be in good working order | registered and plated | equipped with an alert to notify the driver
automation VEHICLE when AV system disengages
TECHNOLOGY/
EQUIPMENT ❑ Must specify the actions, design choices and measures they have taken to ensure the vehicles they
plan to test have accounted for cybersecurity risks, as they might impact road safety.
Level 5 – full ❑ Vehicles must comply with any requirements of the Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety Act that apply
automation to AV driving systems for the vehicle’s year of manufacture
❑ Must report collision involving an AV no later than 10 days afterward to the Registrar
DATA ❑ Must provide the Ministry will an up to date list of vehicles participating in the pilot at all times
REQUIREMENTS ❑ Must provide the Ministry with an annual report using template provided10
AV Pilot Program Overview: Driverless Testing
(Additional Conditions)
GENERAL ❑ Effective January 1, 2019
REQUIREMENTS
❑ Applicants (including existing pilot participants) must complete & submit AV application to MTO and
keep an approved copy in the vehicle in a visible location as well as by the remote operator
DECLARATIONS ❑ Applicant must declare that the technology is safe and effective based on satisfactory results from
prior testing (e.g., closed course)
❑ Applicant must declare the operational design parameters of the vehicle (e.g. maximum speed,
weather conditions)
❑ Upon request from MTO, applicant must provide tangible evidence of the vehicle’s ability to
effectively and lawfully interact with traffic
❑ Applicant must accept full liability
VEHICLE ❑ Vehicle must have a direct oversight function capable of bringing the vehicle to a safe stop (e.g., a
TECHNOLOGY/ trained passenger with access to a switch that stops the vehicle or a remote operator)
EQUIPMENT
❑ Must have vehicle signage indicating that the vehicle is self-driving
ALERT RELEVANT ❑ Applicant must provide to MTO, municipalities and relevant authorities a law enforcement and work
AUTHORITIES zone interaction plan prior to testing
❑ Participant must alert the impacted municipality and/or regional municipality prior to testing
❑ If testing on a provincial highway, prior approval from MTO is required11
AV Pilot Program: Application & Registration Process
Pilot Participation – Approval Process
Overview
❑ Auto manufacturers, software companies,
academic and research institutions are
eligible for participation
❑ The pilot is designed to allow vehicles
manufactured with automated technology
and retrofitted vehicles (e.g. adding
operating systems) to be tested on
Ontario’s roads
❑ To participate, an application form must be
received and approved by MTO
❑ The application form is available through
MTO’s website
❑ Participants will be able to add or remove
vehicles in the pilot
❑ A copy of the approved application must
be kept in the vehicle(s) being tested at all MTO Webpage: http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/vehicles/automated-vehicles.shtml
times Ontario Regulation 306/15: http://www.ontario.ca/laws/regulation/r15306
❑ Vehicles will either be eligible for a QUESTIONS:
manufacturer plate or regular series plate Application/Registration Process – Vehicle Programs Office (416) 235-3600 or
VPO@ontario.ca
AV Pilot General – Safety Policy & Education Branch (416) 235-3585 or SPEB@ontario.ca12
Manufacturer Plate (M-Plate) Program
• Applies to driverless vehicles that do not meet a federal vehicle classification (i.e.
most driverless shuttles).
• M-plates allow motor vehicle and component manufacturers to operate vehicles
on Ontario roads for the purposes of testing, demonstration, evaluation and
exhibition.
▫ To be authorized to purchase manufacturer licence plates, eligible manufacturers are
required to complete and submit an application to MTO.
▫ Licence plates are registered to motor vehicle and component manufacturers and are not
vehicle specific (can be moved from one vehicle to another).
• Third party entities that are interested in testing a non-compliant driverless
vehicle will need to work directly with the vehicle’s manufacturer to meet the
requirements of the M-Plate Program, prior to acceptance into the AV pilot.
▫ A manufacturer number plate shall not be used on a motor vehicle that is used for hire, a
commercial vehicle that is loaded with/transporting goods.13 Autonomous Vehicle Innovation Network (AVIN) • The Province is investing $80 million over five years to create the Autonomous Vehicle Innovation Network, in partnership with Ontario Centres of Excellence. • The network will capitalize on the economic potential of CV/AVs and help the province’s transportation systems and infrastructure adapt to CV/AV technology. • Ontario’s investment will support industry-led CV/AV R&D projects; create sites across the province to develop, test and validate new technology, including a Demonstration Zone in Stratford; and attract and grow talent in the CV/AV sector.
14 Resources Pilot Regulation: Ontario Regulation 306/15 MTO Website – AV Pilot: http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/vehicles/automat ed-vehicles.shtml MTO Website – Platooning Pilot: http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/trucks/cooperativ e-truck-platooning.shtml AVIN: https://www.avinhub.ca/
15 Erik Thomsen Team Leader, Road Safety Policy Office Ministry of Transportation Ontario T: 416-235-3902 E: Erik.Thomsen@Ontario.ca
16 Appendix A: Cooperative Truck Platoon Testing • Ontario has created a new pilot (under the existing AV pilot regulation) that allows testing of cooperative truck platooning, with a driver present in each vehicle, under strict conditions and along specified routes. • Cooperative Truck Platoons utilize a form of adaptive cruise control. What makes them 'cooperative' is the V2V communication, which could allow closer following distances and improved efficiencies. • MTO has allowed a limited ‘pilot’ operation of cooperative truck platoons to evaluate their potential, compatibility with existing road users and infrastructure, and to confirm their overall safety, while operating on Ontario’s roadways.
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Appendix B: Platooning Program Elements
Driver Qualifications Driver in each vehicle; valid Class A, C or D driver's licence (with Z (air brake) endorsement
as applicable); 5 years truck driving experience; trained by technology provider
Carrier Carriers with 'Conditional' or 'Unsatisfactory' Carrier Safety Ratings may not qualify;
Qualifications minimum $5M liability insurance coverage; 5 years trucking experience
Vehicle Certain vehicle configuration types not permitted; vehicle weights and dimensions as set-out
Configuration Types in O.Reg 413/05 [Schedule 1 &19-25]; lead vehicle must be the heaviest
Cooperative Truck Maximum of 3 vehicles permitted within the platoon; following distance between platooning
Platoon Restrictions vehicles must be at a minimum of 20 metres (65.6 feet), or a minimum of 1.7 seconds
following distance, whichever the greater; requirement to disengage platooning technology in
certain situations (e.g. allow vehicles to merge)
Safe Operation & Where practical, travel in the right-most lane; report to any Truck Inspection Station as
Inclement Weather required; accompaniment by well-signed pilot/escort vehicles; must not operate in Winter
Road Conditions
Areas of Operation Carriers must receive approval from MTO in advance of their intended testing and provide
details; the Cooperative Truck Platooning Network generally consists of controlled access,
multi-lane, divided highways including connecting ramps
Cargo Restrictions & Must not carry placarded dangerous goods, livestock or special provision loads; functioning
Special Equipment ADAS and V2V systems and air brakes; audible and visual alert for disengagement or other
Requirements issue; braking systems must be fully inspected
Rear Signage Sign must be displayed on the rear of all platooning vehicles
Data Collection Record of each trip including location/date/time/distance etc; report collision within 10
Requirements days; annual reports; 6 month touchpoint conversations with MTO
HTA Exemptions Display screens, handheld wireless communication device; following too closely, careless
driving – only when platooning technology engaged, to facilitate the close proximity of the
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