ADOPTION OF SEASONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY TO AIR CONDITIONER EFFICIENCY STANDARDS - March 25 2019 Won Young Park Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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ADOPTION OF SEASONAL ENERGY
EFFICIENCY TO AIR CONDITIONER
EFFICIENCY STANDARDS
March 25 2019
Won Young Park
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AREA E N E R G Y A N AL Y S I S AN D E N V I R O N M E N T AL I M P AC T S D I V I S I O N
Variations in seasonal energy efficiency of an AC
Local climatic conditions affect the amount of time an AC operates at part or full
load, so climate-specific weighting is used in calculating a seasonal energy efficiency
ratio (SEER) to provide a more representative measure of performance than the
traditional energy-efficiency ratio (EER), typically defined as rated cooling capacity
over rated power input (at 35°C).
Brazil CEE
is based on
the EER
EER: Ratio of the total cooling capacity to the effective power input to the device at given rating conditions (ISO 5151)
China SEER and APF calculated according to GB 21455-2013
Japan CSPF and APF calculated according to JIS C 9612-2013 (consistent with ISO 16358-1:2013)
India SEER calculated according to IS 1391 (consistent with ISO 16358-1:2013)
EU SEER calculated according to EN 14825: 2016 2
E NERGY TECHNOLOGIES AREA E NE R G Y A NAL Y S I S AND E NV I R O NME NT AL I M P ACT S D I V I S I O N
Key elements for evaluating seasonal efficiency
Standards for seasonal efficiency in many economies (especially in Asia) are fully
or largely consistent with ISO 16358.
Some countries (e.g., Southeast Asia) use the ISO reference outdoor temperature
bins, other countries (China, India, Japan, South Korea, etc.) use country-specific
temperature bin distribution.
For heat pumps, both cooling and heating efficiency can be regulated separately or
by a combined metric, e.g., APF.
Reference International EU U.S.
Standards (ISO 16358/5151) (EN 14511) (AHRI 210/240)
e.g. US SEER
Outdoor e.g. ISO CSPF e.g. EU SEER
65–104°F
temperature range 21–35°C 17–40°C
and hours of AC use (18.3–40°C)
1,817 hours 2,602 hours
fractional bins
Seasonal CSPF, HSPF, and
Efficiency APF SEER, SCOP SEER, HSPF
Indicator (ISO 16358) (EN 14825) (AHRI 210/240)
3
E NERGY TECHNOLOGIES AREA E NE R G Y A NAL Y S I S AND E NV I R O NME NT AL I M P ACT S D I V I S I O N
Test conditions for evaluating seasonal efficiency
The SEERs used in the EU and U.S. require more data points for outside
temperature and part-load conditions than do those used in ISO standards.
Test conditions for cooling efficiency performance of variable-speed units
required
4
E NERGY TECHNOLOGIES AREA E NE R G Y A NAL Y S I S AND E NV I R O NME NT AL I M P ACT S D I V I S I O N
Options for outdoor temperature bin distribution
1. ISO 16358 reference bin distribution of outdoor temperature (21–35°C,
total 1,817 hours)
2. Per-unit annual hours of use in Brazil combined with ISO 16358 fractional
bin hours.
3. Per-unit annual hours of use in Brazil with
actual Brazil-specific outdoor temperature
data (based on the largest city, or select
large cities)
4. Would it be necessary to have multiple
temperature bin distributions?
EU: 1 temperature bin distribution for Note: India is hotter, and needs more cooling at higher temperatures than
cooling and 3 temperature bin that assumed in ISO 16538. LBNL worked with India’s Bureau of Energy
distributions (Average, Colder, Warmer) for Efficiency (BEE) to identify an appropriate temperature bin for the Indian
heating Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (ISEER) metric based on ISO 16358
adopted by India beginning in January 2016.
US : 6 zones
5
E NERGY TECHNOLOGIES AREA E NE R G Y A NAL Y S I S AND E NV I R O NME NT AL I M P ACT S D I V I S I O N
Brazil in ASHRAE’s Climate Zones
Brazil has hot and humid climate
varying by region that correspond to
extremely hot-humid (0A) to warm-
humid (3A) climate zones by
ASHRAE’s climate zone definition.
For example, the São Paulo climate
is assessed to be hot-humid (2A).
90% of the population live along the
east coast which is about 25% of the
country’s total area.
Source: ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 169-2013
6
E NERGY TECHNOLOGIES AREA E NE R G Y A NAL Y S I S AND E NV I R O NME NT AL I M P ACT S D I V I S I O N
Outdoor Temperature Bin Distribution
Frequency between 24°C and 35°C accounts for about 50% (21%-92%, varying
by region) of the annual outdoor temperature distributions in Brazil, while
over 35°C is less than 1%. (Standards in some countries, including Japan,
China, and India, set t0, outdoor temperature at 0 % load, as 23°C.)
Thin solid lines represent annual outdoor temperature distribution of 10
select locations in Brazil (Black bold represents an average distribution.)
Purple dot line (0A illustrative)
Orange dot line (1A illustrative)
Yellow dot line (2A illustrative)
Source: LBNL work based on ASHRAE climate data
7
E NERGY TECHNOLOGIES AREA E NE R G Y A NAL Y S I S AND E NV I R O NME NT AL I M P ACT S D I V I S I O N
Examples of Bin Distribution for AC use
8
E NERGY TECHNOLOGIES AREA E NE R G Y A NAL Y S I S AND E NV I R O NME NT AL I M P ACT S D I V I S I O N
ISO CSPF of select ACs by 4 temp distributions
Using a seasonal efficiency metric in Brazil can better reflect real energy performance
by capturing not only full-load operation, but also part-load performance, and help
better estimate savings gained from the seasonal performance.
ISO CSPF by a Brazil temperature distribution can be harmonized with ISO CSPF by U4E
(2A) temperature distribution (although energy consumption depends on total hours).
Source: LBNL preliminary analysis
9
E NERGY TECHNOLOGIES AREA E NE R G Y A NAL Y S I S AND E NV I R O NME NT AL I M P ACT S D I V I S I O NPotential MEPS and Labeling Requirements
Current Brazil MEPS EER 3.02 is similar to or less stringent than China MEPS (EER 3.0-
3.2) for fixed-speed units (set in 2010). The China MEPS for both fixed- and variable-
speed units is expected to be improved by ~15%, respectively, in 2020-2021 and
combined in 2022 to China SEER 4.0-5.0 (equivalent to ISO CSPF 4.3-5.5 with the
Brazil average temperature distribution).
China Grade 1
China MEPS 2020 SEER 5.2-
2020/2022 5.8 (CSPF 5.8-6.5)
SEER 4.0-5.0
(CSPF 4.3-5.5)
Current Brazil
MEPS EER 3.02
10
E NERGY TECHNOLOGIES AREA E NE R G Y A NAL Y S I S AND E NV I R O NME NT AL I M P ACT S D I V I S I O NSummary and Next Steps
Energy savings potential available from room ACs could vary by regional
characteristics such as local climate conditions. Given Brazil has hot and humid
climate, varying by region, there could be opportunities to achieve bigger energy
savings by adopting a seasonal energy efficiency metric.
A Brazil-specific temperature bin distribution of AC use for ISO CSPF can be
developed based on climate data of one or several regions in Brazil.
Potential S&L requirements of ACs in Brazil temperature distribution can be
harmonized with U4E Model Regulation guidelines and informed by other
regional standards such as China.
Because of the prevalence of fixed-speed room ACs using conventional R-22 in
Brazil, there is a large scope to update corresponding S&L thresholds as well as
design other types of market transformation programs, e.g., incentives.
Further research can help better capture energy savings potential in high-
efficiency ACs in Brazil, similar to work LBNL has done/been doing for India,
China, Rwanda, Caribbean countries, and the model regulation with U4E
recently.
11
E NERGY TECHNOLOGIES AREA E NE R G Y A NAL Y S I S AND E NV I R O NME NT AL I M P ACT S D I V I S I O NIndia’s Experience on Developing a Labeling Program for Inverter AC & ISEER Metric Kishore Kumar, Senior Associate, CLASP-India March 25, 2019
Labeling Program in India
2001-2002
Energy 2017
Conservation 21 appliances
Act and under labeling,
establishment 2009 of which 8
of Bureau of Mandatory under
Energy Labeling for mandatory
Efficiency four products phase
2006 2011
Voluntary Endorsement
Labeling Label
program Launched
launched for
refrigerators
and ACs
2Key Achievements of S&L Program
Electricity saved
till 2017-18
252 TWh
Co2 emission
reduction of
206 million tonne
equivalent cost saving of
USD $18.3 Billion
3BEE’s Labeling Program on Room ACs
2006 2011
Launched Launched
2015
voluntary voluntary Launched
policy policy of voluntary
Room AC Cassette and policy of
(fixed Floor Inverter
speed) mounted AC RAC
(fixed speed)
2012 - 2018
2009 2014 Common rating
Mandatory
plan for fixed
of Fixed Biennial speed & Inverter
speed - upgradation of AC (mandatory of
Room AC 1 star in
policy Inverter AC
Energy
policy)
performance
4
levelWhy Was the ISEER Developed?
India RAC Market Growth 2007-2017
9.0
Production Data (in Million)
8.0 7.6
7.0 6.4
6.0
4.4 4.6 4.7
5.0
4.0 3.3 3.5
2.8
3.0 2.3
2.0
0.3 0.7
1.0
0.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Year
• 2013 publication of ISO 16358 started the discussion
• Industry recognized exponential growth in the inverter AC market and
wanted to prepare the regulatory framework
• BEE recognized the massive energy saving potential 5Assessing Indian Inverter Market and Use
• Studied inverter market size and supply chain
• Identified ISO 16358 as a suitable standard
• Examined weather from 57 Indian cities and AC
usage across the country to develop the
temperature bins below
• Temperatures ranging from 24C to 43C, with annual
usage hours of 1600
6Developing the Label and Tiers
• Tested 4 samples each from 4
manufacturers in 3 test labs
• Required cooperation from
manufacturers for compressor
frequency settings
• Created calculator to
determine ISEER from test
results
• Used test results to develop
label tiers in consultation with
stakeholders
7ISEER Drives Transition to Inverter Units • Growth of Inverter AC market sales • In 2017-18, the production of Fixed Speed AC has been dropped from 5.7 to 5.3 Million and increase in Inverter AC sales due to the policy. 8
Policy impact of Inverter AC labeling program
4.10
Weighted Average EER/ISEER
3.90
3.70 3.7
3.50
3.30
3.30 3.10 3.20
3.10 3.00
2.90
2.90 2.80
2.70
2.50
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Financial Year
In last two years, the production weighted average EER/ISEER has been
increased to 12%, i.e., from 3.2 to 3.70 due to Inverter AC policy
9Policy impact of Inverter AC labeling
program(contd)
< 1ton 1 ton 1.1-1.4 ton 1.5 ton > 1.5 ton
6.4
6.2
6
5.8
5.6
ISEER valves
5.4
5.2
5
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2 5 star value
4
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Air Conditioner Capacities (ton)
• Inverter AC-ISEER values (5 Star models)
• Best ISEER 6.15 registered in Category of 1-Ton capacity
10
• 5.6 ISEER has been registered in 1.5 Ton capacityFuture plan of Inverter AC
labeling program
New star rating plan
ISEER values
Star level ISEER (Min) Number of existing qualifying
models (1417)
1 Star 3.5 1043
2 Star 4.0 86
3 Star 4.5 239
4 Star 5.0 35
5 Star 5.5 14
• Looking at the market transformation, BEE planning to upgrade the
energy performance metric of Inverter AC program by two levels.
• The new 5 star value will be ISEER 5.5, where as earlier ISEER 4.5
which is an increase of 22%.
11Thank you
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