2021 Electric Vehicle Strategy - June 2021 - westernpower.co.uk - Western Power Distribution
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Electric Vehicle Strategy 2021
westernpower.co.uk
2021
Electric Vehicle
Strategy
June 2021
1 westernpower.co.uk
Electric Vehicle Strategy 2021
Contents
1 Introduction........................................................................... 3 6 Plans to support Electric Vehicle Charging...................... 27
1.1 About the document..................................................... 3 6.1 WPD’S approach......................................................... 27
1.2 High Level Government Objectives for 6.2 Releasing existing network capacity........................... 27
Cars and Light Vans...................................................... 3 6.3 Motorway Services and Major Road Filling Stations.. 27
1.3 High Level Plans for HGVs............................................ 5 6.4 New Homes................................................................. 28
1.4 Original Equipment Manufacturers plans 6.5 Existing Homes........................................................... 28
for light BEVs................................................................. 7 6.6 On Street Charging..................................................... 29
1.5 WPDs approach to facilitate EV charging..................... 8 6.7 Depot Based Fleet Users............................................ 29
1.6 Flexibility and Charging................................................. 8 6.8 Workplace and Off Street Charging............................ 29
1.7 Existing Charge Points and Capacity............................ 8 6.9 Vehicle to X (V2H = vehicle to home
& V2G = vehicle to grid).............................................. 30
2 Forecasting and Data........................................................... 9 6.10 Smart Charging........................................................... 31
2.1 Forecasting for the ED1 business plan (2015-2023)..... 9 6.11 EV clustering............................................................... 31
2.2 Developing Distribution Future Energy
Scenarios (DFES).......................................................... 9 7 Smart Solutions and Flexibility.......................................... 32
2.3 Electric Vehicle Growth Factors.................................. 11 7.1 WPD’s approach......................................................... 32
2.4 Investment allocated within ED1................................. 12 7.2 Domestic Flexibility..................................................... 32
2.5 Forecasting local growth and pinpointing upgrades... 12 7.3 Commercial Flexibility................................................. 32
2.6 Forecasting ED2 and informing specific ED1 plans.... 12 7.4 Whole System Flexibility............................................. 32
3 Planning and Capacity Availability.................................... 13 8 Projects to demonstrate EV connections......................... 33
3.1 WPDs expectation of EV charger installations............ 13 8.1 Developing a balanced portfolio of projects............... 33
3.2 Estimating Connection Cost and Timescales............. 14 8.2 Completed Projects.................................................... 33
3.3 Simplifying the application processes........................ 15 8.2.1 CABLED (2009)................................................ 33
3.4 Making use of existing local capacity......................... 15 8.2.2 V2G Taxi (2011)................................................ 33
3.5 Planning and Design Changes.................................... 16 8.2.3 Electric Boulevards (2014)............................... 33
3.6 Mitigation of local network constraints....................... 16 8.2.4 Smart Charging and Vehicle
3.7 Technical Changes related to Electric Vehicles........... 17 Telematics (2015)............................................. 34
3.7.1 Thermal Capacity............................................. 17 8.2.5 EV Emissions (2016)......................................... 34
3.7.2 Earthing............................................................ 17 8.2.6 Alternative Connections for
3.7.3 Power Quality................................................... 17 EV Charging (2017).......................................... 34
8.2.7 Electric Nation (2019)....................................... 34
4 Providing information to Customers................................. 18 8.2.8 IET Code of Practice Ed 4 (2019)..................... 34
4.1 Guidance and Advice Documents published.............. 18 8.2.9 LV Connect and Manage (2019)....................... 35
4.2 Guidance and Advice Documents planned................ 19 8.2.10 LCT Detection.................................................. 35
4.3 Capacity Indication for customers.............................. 19 8.2.11 Superfast Electricity – feasibility of
4.4 Connections Surgeries................................................ 19 three phase services (2019)............................. 35
8.3 Current Projects.......................................................... 36
5 Stakeholder Engagement.................................................. 20 8.3.1 Reinforcement Planning - Forecasting
5.1 WPDs Approach to Stakeholder Engagement............ 20 and Planning Interface Tool (2020)................... 36
5.2 Business Plan Strategic Stakeholder Engagement..... 20 8.3.2 Smart Homes – EVs and Storage (2020)......... 36
5.3 Strategic Engagement with local authorities............... 20 8.3.3 Self-Assessment.............................................. 36
5.4 Local Engagement with local authorities.................... 20 8.3.4 Hub Charging Solutions................................... 36
5.5 Engagement with EV Charge Point Operators............ 21 8.3.5 Electric Nation – Powered Up.......................... 36
5.6 Engagement for Fuel Station Operators..................... 21 8.3.6 Take Charge..................................................... 37
5.7 Engagement for housing design................................. 22 8.3.7 Dynamic Charging of Vehicles......................... 37
5.8 Engagement with Vehicle Manufacturers 8.3.8 DC Share.......................................................... 37
and Transport Operators............................................. 23 8.3.9 Prime EV.......................................................... 37
5.9 Engagement with Depot Based Fleet Operators........ 23 8.4 Future Projects............................................................ 38
5.10 Engagement with UK Government............................. 24 8.4.1 EV Filling Stations............................................ 38
5.11 Engagement with Welsh Government......................... 24 8.4.2 On Street Charging Solutions.......................... 38
5.12 Engagement with Go Ultra Low Cities (GULC)........... 24
5.13 Engagement with Local Enterprise 9. Targeted Commitments in 2021......................................... 39
Partnerships (LEPs)..................................................... 25 9.1 Realising benefits........................................................ 39
5.14 Stakeholder Engagement Completed in 2020............ 25 9.2 2021 – Eco Home Monitoring..................................... 39
5.15 Stakeholder Engagement Plans for 2021................... 26 9.3 2021 – Design capacity assumptions......................... 39
9.4 2021 – Public charging hub infrastructure.................. 39
2 westernpower.co.uk
Electric Vehicle Strategy 2021
1 Introduction
1.1 About the document
This document sets out how Western Power Distribution will ensure the network exists so that drivers of electric
vehicles are able to charge their vehicles in the manner convenient to them.
It describes research, development and deployment activities carried out by WPD during the current and previous electricity distribution
price control periods. It also explains the rationale behind current innovation projects and business initiatives. Further, it describes future
activities including the transition of early-stage solutions into business as usual (BAU) practice.
This document also documents WPDs vision for electric vehicle recharging solutions for a range of customer types. It provides detail on
the roadmap to achieve this vision.
Following the ENA/Ofgem Stakeholder Engagement events held in London and Glasgow during February 2019, WPD responded to
Ofgem’s request to produce the first Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy document in March 2019, the 2019 document formed the basis
for WPDs updated Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy for 2020. The 2021 version of WPDs Electric Vehicle Strategy document outlines
the time-bound commitments and plans that WPD intend to address during 2021 to address the needs and issues of EV stakeholders.
WPDs plans and preparations for each specific customer group are listed in Section 4 of this document and draw upon the stakeholder
engagement that WPD has undertaken. In Section 6 of the document, WPD detail the time-bound short term commitments to accelerate
readiness for the increasing uptake of EVs within the UK.
1.2 High Level Government Objectives for Cars and Light Vans
Data taken from SMMT website clearly Thousands of cars registered for the first time - GB
shows that the UK population is
getting behind the UKs governments 1,600
Petrol
de-carbonisation of transport, with
the uptake of Electric Vehicles (EVs)
1,200
accelerating, the market share of Battery
Electric Vehicles (BEV) in March 2020
was 2.7%, one year on, and the market 800 Diesel
share in March 2021 has more than
doubled to 6.9% of all new vehicle sales.
400
This doubling of sales could well have been Alternative fuel
brought about by a greater range of BEV
vehicles for customers to choose from, the 0
increasing amounts of EV charge points now 2011 2014 2017 2020
available, or the government’s 0% Benefit
In Kind for the tax year 2020/2021, or a
combination of all those factors. Proportion of vehicles registered for the first time - GB
The trend of BEV ownership trend is increasing, 9%
as a company WPD noticed a big increase
in applications for EV charger installations
at the new registration period came into
effect in 01 March 21. 6% Ultra Low Emission
Vehicles (ULEVs)
3%
Both graphs shown opposite are taken from DfT
0%
Vehicle Licensing Statistics: Annual 2020. 2011 2014 2017 2020
3 westernpower.co.uk
Electric Vehicle Strategy 2021
1 Introduction
1.2 High Level Government Objectives for Cars and Light Vans
The increasing trend of BEV ownership is being matched by Having said that there are still areas within the UK where EV
the increasing number of EV charge points in the UK, in March charger locations are scarce. From Figure 5 shown below it can
2020 Zap Map reported there were 11,293 public charge points be seen that BEVs are now the majority in alternatively powered
available, in March 2021 Zap Map reported there were 22,492 vehicles compared to the Plug in hybrid vehicles. This graph is
installed across the UK. taken from the DfT Vehicle Licensing Statistics: Annual 2020.
Kingdom, January 2020 to December 2020
Thousands of ULEVs registered for the first time - UK
TESLA MODEL 3 22.3
BMW 3 SERIES 9.4
KIA NIRO 6.5 2.1
JAGUAR I-PACE 8.3
NISSAN LEAF 8.2
MERCEDES A CLASS 6.6
RENAULT ZOE 6.4
AUDI E-TRON 5.9 Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
MG ZS 5.6
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
VOLKSWAGEN ID3 4.8
BMW I3 4.4
HYUNDAI KONA 4.2
VOLKSWAGEN GOLF 2.7 1.4
MITSUBISHI OUTLANDER 3.7
HYUNDAI IONIQ 2.7 0.9
VOLVO XC40 3.5
MINI COOPER 3.4
PORSCHE TAYCAN 3.1
MERCEDES EQC CLASS 3.1
VAUXHALL CORSA 2.9
Back in 2011 the Government set out its “The Carbon Plan” which In November 2020 the Government announced that “it will end the
laid out the UK’s objectives to reduce carbon emissions, with an sale of all new conventional petrol, diesel cars and vans by 2030
80% reduction achieved by 20501. This reduction of CO2 levels and by 2035 all new cars and vans be fully zero emission from
would be achieved through the decarbonisation of heating and the tail pipe”.
transport and the actions UK PLC need to take to support this
transition of vehicle power from fossil fuel sources to electricity. Alongside the UK government legislation the other drivers
that are accelerating the adoption of EVs are in April 2019 the
The Government set a target published in Driving the Future in European Parliament adopted regulation (EU) 2019/631 which
20152 to “ensure almost every car and van is a zero emission has introduced CO2 emission performance standards for new
vehicle by 2050”3. In July 2018 the government published the passenger cars and for new vans for 2025 and 2030, these
Road to Zero Strategy which set an aspiration for “at least 50%, regulations start applying in January 2020 and has replaced and
and as many as 70%, of new car sales and up to 40% of new repealed the former regulations for cars and vans. This legislation
light van sales being ultra-low emission by 2030”2. brings an “Excess emission premium for manufacturers failing
to meet their emissions target of €95 for every gram/km of
The requirements of all the previous legislation were further excess emissions per vehicle within the original equipment
strengthened with targets to improve air quality and reduce manufacturers (OEM) portfolio”. This driver is forcing OEMs
Nitrogen Dioxide levels by the then Prime Minister Theresa May, to introduce vehicles which lower their complete portfolio of
who on 12 June 2019 announced the UK will eradicate its net vehicles below the 95gm/km threshold.
contribution to climate change by 2050. This decision would
amend the Climate Change Act 2008, which had committed to an Most mainstream car manufacturers now offer electric models,
80% decrease of greenhouse gases froma 1990 baseline, by 2050. at present in 2021 there are 124 models, according to the
These targets will all support the transition to electric vehicles. April 2021 EV Database UK, of full battery electric vehicles
available to buy or lease in the UK. The choice of electric vans is
more limited compared to electric cars, currently there are about
33 models, according to Parkers Electric Van Guide in April 2021,
of BEV vans, but both the numbers are increasing.
1
Page 3 of The Carbon Plan 2011: Delivering our low carbon future. HM Government.
2
Page 2 of Road to Zero 2018: Next steps towards cleaner road transport and delivering our industrial strategy
4 westernpower.co.uk 3
Page 4 of Driving the Future Today 2013: A strategy for ultra-low emission vehicles in the UK.
Electric Vehicle Strategy 2021
1 Introduction
1.3 High Level Plans for HGVs
As the majority of HGVs purchased in the UK are made in the EU, the recent introduction of Regulation (EU)
2019/1242 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20th June 2019 setting CO2 emission performance
standards for new heavy-duty vehicles and amending Regulations (EC) No 595/2009 and (EU) 2018/956 of the
European Parliament and of the Council and Council Directive 96/53/EC will impact the UK, therefore the UK
needs to be proactive and start addressing this issue now.
Ideally while Project Rapid is still in the design stage so that the Failure to meet these targets then the OEM will be hit with a fine
requisite infrastructure e.g. underground circuits are being installed 60 times higher than for cars.
on a dig once till 2050 basis. This work would dovetail neatly with
the UKs global ambition to be a world leader in reducing CO2 The Chairman of the European Automobile Manufacturers
emissions by 2050. Association (ACEA) has stated that to meet the 2025 and 2030
CO2 emission target in the truck segment, Europe and the UK
This regulation requires CO2 emissions from heavy-duty vehicles need to install a massive charging infrastructure.
such as trucks and buses to be reduced by 30%, by 2030, with
an intermediate reduction target of 15%, by 2025, in addition by It is forecast that 17,000 publically accessible DC rapid chargers
2025, manufacturers will be required to ensure that at least a 2% specifically installed for trucks by 2025 and 90,000 by 2035, these
market share of the sales of new HGV vehicles is made up of numbers do not include depot charging infrastructure which would
zero-and-low-emission vehicles, to counteract steadily increasing be of the order of 20,000 and 200,000 respectively. ACEA are
road traffic emissions, of which around one quarter is accountable expecting 200,000 battery electric trucks on European roads
to heavy-duty vehicles. by 2030.
Public and destination charging points (EU27 + UK)
Currently available Needed by 2025 Needed by 2030
DC 500kW are not equipped to deliver lower-power at night or overnight parking is not possible
*** These should allow upgrades to megawatt charging (MCS,>500kW) as soon as standard definition is available
To meet these targets set on the HGV OEMs the CharIN Organisation have produced the Mega Watt Charging System (MCS) which is a
charging connector developed for large battery electric vehicles. There will be a single conductive plug capable of 1500V and 3000A DC
which would be located on the left side of the vehicle at hip height. It will be capable to provide bi-directional supplies.
In September 2020 the MCS group carried out their first prototype testing at NERL’s facilities evaluating the fit, ergonomics, ease of
connection and thermal performance of the connectors and inlets. It is likely this connection arrangement will extend to light electric
aircraft and marine applications as they become available.
5 westernpower.co.uk
Electric Vehicle Strategy 2021
1 Introduction
1.3 High Level Plans for HGVs
In order to enable long‐haul
operations, high‐power
National Trunk Road Network
Heavy and High Routes
charging stations with at least
350kW – but focussing on Motorway All purpose
megawatt charging (MCS) Highways Agency
Trunk Road
S/cw D/cw
above 500kW – needs to Non-Highways Agency A-Road D/cw
be rolled‐out. Non-Highways Agency A-Road S/cw
Non-Highways Agency B-Road
The technical specifications Heavy Load Route
of MCS are currently being EDINBURGH High Load Route
defined but it needs to be Glasgow
12 Axles - 14 Axles -
highlighted that the operation Berwick-upon-Tweed Classification Gross Trailer Weight Gross Trailer Weight
of long‐haul battery electric
A+ 406.04T 480.60T
98
A6 A1
A 325.12T 360.68T
B 280.42T 315.98T
trucks will require this level
C 269.24T 304.80T
A6
D 264.16T 299.72T
97
Alnwick
E 259.08T 294.64T
of high‐power charging. A6
8
A1
M25
F 223.52T
300,000kg on 12 Axles
259.08T
A1068
Morpeth
High Load Grid Routes:18' or 20' vehicle running height.
A6
The revised Alternative Fuels
96
HR33 A1
A6
Dumfries
189
8
A
Newcastle
A74(M)
Full details of the classification vehicle's configurations are
079
A19 Tynemouth
Cairnryan upon Tyne
A6
A7
A696
Infrastructure Directive (AFID)
A74
A60
71
A69
Corbridge
A69
A1
A184 South Shields available from the Highways Agency. Routes on this map
Stranraer Hexham HR172
Larne 44
A689
86
A6
95
Gateshead
A194(M)
should not be taken as permission to move. The correct
Carlisle A69 A6
notification process must still be followed
65
43
Washington Sunderland
A689
64
should require at least one
42 63
92
A6
abnormal.loads@highways.gsi.gov.uk
A68
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90
91 A1
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M6 Durham A1 Peterlee
81
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61
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6
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with a minimum of four
HR32i
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Whitehaven Brough
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A174
A67 A66 A174
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A591
39
HR32b
A592
57 A171
A66(M)
A66 56
0 50 miles
charging points every
A685 A19
Scotch
A6
38
A167
Corner
72
A1
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71
A6
5
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A6
136
Route information is considered to be in
A169
93
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HR148 A684 37
HR6 A684
100km by 2025, and at least
A592
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development, last reviewed 1/7/2007
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To view this map with ‘Active Layers’ view in Adobe Acrobat
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2030 on the Trans European
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Reader version 6 or later.
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Wetherby
88
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A6 A61
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34
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To download the latest version of Adobe Acrobat
Transport Network (TEN‐T)
A6
82
68
A56
35
A1
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A58
A60 A10
Leeds
9
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please click on the link below
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Blackpool 44
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23
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HR16
39
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39
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22
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Bury M66 2
Huddersfield
6
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38
Bolton 21
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38 Scunthorpe HR144A180 Grimsby
HR177A58 HiR53
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36
27 2 5
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Barnsley
A6
Skelmersdale M181
HR18
38
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19
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At least one charging point per
0
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59
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6 80 30 2
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1 A631
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27
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2a 2 6
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1
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HR174
21 33
HR226
3
HR1
32
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6
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A5
Dun Laoghaire
A41
20 31 A6
Holyhead Benllech Colwyn
8 7 6 A5
7
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A157 4
station has to be accessible
9 57
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for coaches.
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Wrexham Nottingham
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A542
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30
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Corwen
A5
HR114
A517
A5
29
Ffestiniog
A499
1
A5 A1121
A5
HiR40r
A6
Nefyn Llan 25 Newcastle- A38 26
Porthmadog 15 A5
2 A6514 A153 A149
Ffestiniog under-Lyme A52 HiR40
A17
A50
7 Llangollen
A49 212 5 Derby Grantham
A515
A52
A52
A16
From a UK perspective on the
A4 A49
Criccieth 95
Stone 25 48
HR53
Trawsfynydd Y A5 A4
M6 A1
99
5 A5111 A52
A1
Pwllheli A49
Uttoxeter
HR151 A6
HR41
52
A4
A149
A1
Bala
A519
HR218
A1
5
Harlech 18 A50 24a A453 7
49
Abersoch Oswestry A5 A60 48
A470
24 A1
4
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A496
A49
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HR228
14
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Burton
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23a
Stafford
28
06
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A5
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7
Loughborough King’s A1078
2
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upon TrentA514 A1
1
routes HGVs use in the UK
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Dolgellau A518
HiR
23 13a
A46 67 A1062
65
A512 A6
Llanfyllin A5 13
A38 A1
A483
A1101
A10
A34
49
A4
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7 A47 Norwich
Barmouth A5195 A60 6
1
A449
A1073
A5
A4 49 A458 A5 A5 A42 A6 A1
11
06
Mallwyd A HR101
Cannock A1064
A487
58 A5 A1 A47
93
A519 22
Welshpool 7 6 12 0
HR142 A46 Wisbech Great
A470
Lichfield
A4
5 11
Shrewsbury 4 A47
HR71 Telford 3
A449 11a T8
11
T7
T6 Leicester Peterborough A1 Swaffham Yarmouth
then the UK DfT map showing
A4 M54 A5 M42 12
88
T5 A1122
Machynlleth Llanfair 64 2 1 T4 21a
Stamford 2
A4
A447
Tamworth 1
10a
9 A49 Brownhills 12 A47 A12
Caereinion A47 A6 A1
A48 M6 Toll 10 7 21 46
A444
A11
A1139
A47
Tywyn Wolverhampton HR229
A6003
A493 Wigston
A4
A4
Walsall
A10
10 A605
90
A6
0
3
43
Hinckley
A10
9
A43
T3
75
A4 4 A13
A48
A1
58 A45 8 7
HR119 A38 T2 17 4
A4
M6 9
Nuneaton 2
Lowestoft
58
Dudley A4123 T1
HR10805
41
the heavy and high routes,
HR10
A4 1 A427 16
1 6 5 4a 8 A446
A1
BirminghamM5
A426
89
Newtown 2
M69
A427 A6
A1(M)
7
A470 A4123
A48
7 4
M6 A5
Stourbridge Market 43
A145
A14
3 A1
88
15
A6
5
20
Harborough
06
A446
A4
3
Aberystwyth A44 Llanidloes A449 6 A4304
Thetford A1066
4
A6
A1
2
M6 M1 Kettering
A4
A4
A1
11
M42 A452
5
HR100
42
6
A142
10
Coventry 1 A14
1
Llangurig A456
A4
Kidderminster 5 19
A45 14
HR76
A14
41
A4120
52
A11
A1088
Rugby A14 A1
A1
shown opposite, would be
A411 4 4
Rosslare M42 A112
A5
7
A134
A6
A4113 A4 3
A1
48 2 A45
A43
19
A508
Huntingdon A143
A483
4a 1 3 18
Harbour Lledrod Knighton A46
A4
42
9
3a
Llanrhystud Bromsgrove M45
A45
2
14
16
Royal
A1
A456 17
1
A44 Wellingborough A14
0
Rhayader Bury
A485
Leamington
A4
M40 A41
A1
A4110
77
A14
5
A14
A140
A4
88 A49 A4
43 5
Redditch A435 Spa A4
28 A1 Newmarket St Edmunds
A4
A41
Aberaeron 112
33
Warwick A425
A14
Llandrindod Wells 15 14 A428
70
A4
A449 A45
New Quay Northampton
14 120 A10
a good starting position for
A1
M5 13
A6
A44 Leominster
4
94
Tregaron 16
30
13
A44
Worcester Cambridge
A1
A5
81
A42
A44 6 15a
A45
A48
2 8 12
A42
A423
A4
A44
Bedford
43
12 15 A11
2
A1
2
Synod Inn Stratford-
11
11
A46
03
A11
A4
Builth
7 A14
2
A6
A134
A509
A41
A1
A487
3
A4 A4 upon-Avon
A48
98
17 53
Lampeter Wells M40
11
8 A422
1
2 A603 A1307
A36
A4 A4103 A42 A11
80 A421 92
Ipswich
A486
65 10 41
Cardigan
A43 A10
A5
A4 A44 05
8 8
A475
where the initial BEV HGV
A5
HR102
08
Pumsaint Llanwrtyd A43 Evesham
A5 A6
00 9 A1071
9
A3400
Wells 11
A42
A4
Banbury 14
A4
Hereford A1
A6
A43 05
A14
A413
A421 A5
Goodwick Newcastle
82
A4104 8
70
A1
A487 1
HR230 A42 Milton 13 A12
A48 4
A46 07
85
34
A1
Emlyn Llandovery 2
HR227 A5 10
A10
017
Keynes
A4
Fishguard Talgarth A44 M1
Felixstowe
31
2 9
A4
61
Brecon A465
A1
0
A3
A47
Crymych
49
A41 A421 9 A5
A487 Cynwyl M50 3 12 07 M11 A1124
A49 A449
A40
A4
HR39 HR143 Harwich
chargers should be installed.
Llangadog M5 A5 05 37
A120
9
A1
421
A435
10 A5
Elfed Sennybridge 8 8
A40
St David's Luton Bishop’s
A4
78
3
A466
Llandeilo 4 A3 10
A4260
A4215 Ross-on-Wye Stevenage Stortford
A4
A133
0
HR82 A120
69
A13
Carmarthen A40 Cheltenham
A4
A47
A40 4 95 11
A40 11 A4 A40
HR78
7 A60 A120
8 Colchester
7
Crickhowell A40 A43
6
24
Dunstable 2
A120
Haverfordwest St Clears A40 10a
18
9 A1(M)
A1
A34
A4
10
A483
A417
Narberth Gloucester
11a
33
Abergavenny
A41
A4
A48 Brynamman Hertford
1
A1
A40
A13
A40
HiR23a Aylesbury 6
14
30
06
7 Merthyr HR136 Clacton-on-Sea
6
136
6
5
A484
A465
9
HR134
A4 09
4075
Ammanford A4
A407
Monmouth
A48 A1
A4 Hemel St Albans 5 060
Tydfil
6
Milford A477
A
A435
A4066 A417
A4
12
Oxford
A474
Ebbw Hempstead 4 A414
A476
A40 A4
18
Haven
29
Pembroke Kidwelly Vale Hatfield
A361
8
HiR51 HiR50 M10
A4
49 13 8a
3 Harlow 7
Pendine A40 A4 7 A414
A46
8
Dock A465 Chelmsford
4
A4
2
A4 0 1
A10 A41
A4
16
59 HR10a
15
8
Llanelli
A46
8
A466
Cirencester
A41
48
Aberdare
21
A4
13
A3
7 6a 21a 22
7
A4139 Usk A4 20 6
HR51
A419
9
13
A405
HR95
0 23
A41
Pontypool High M25 25
24 27
Tenby
1 26
47 46 45 A1
Pembroke Rhondda 7 6
Brentwood A12
A13
A4135 19 5
Neath A449 6
A1 M11
8
HR52 44
Wycombe M1 Billericay
A4
Cwmbran A4042 5
HR103 Enfield HR80b
0
43
A329
18 M25 5
42
07 Chepstow 33 M40
HR8a
A355
Rayleigh
A4
4 A1 A1023
A4061
17
Swansea Watford
38
Swansea A48 HR146
A4
A419 Beaconsfield
41
14
4063
28
074
A
M48
A3
28
M25
9
HR50a 2
6
A42
4
M48 M5 Edgware
A4
41
A4118 Caerphilly
A
2 4
Port
40 26 25 3 A40 Ilford A127
HR225
24 2
HR50b Maesteg Pontypridd A470 A468
1
Hendon 29
03
39 27 23a 23
23 A417 A4 1
Basildon
A4
A41
Talbot
130
A404 A308(M)
38 28 21 55
HR139 Dagenham M25 HR80a
16
22
73 M4
M4 6
Swindon
1a 1
Southend-on-Sea
A48
Port-Eynon A4
30 29
Newport
Newport 20 A4 Maidenhead Slough
HR93
36 16 16
M49 32 A13
A48(M) HR139b
A4
32 29a A4 A4130
07
17
M4
LONDON
37 15
35 M4 Avonmouth 2
M4
4
9b
A1089
HR27a
30
34 33 A48 19 17 10 A4 7
1
6
HR210
18a
M4 A3 15
HR10b
A346
36
1 18 8 4 3 2 1
Bridgend 18
A404(M) 5 4
A34 Tilbury
A42
9
A4
Sheerness
CARDIFF Reading A4 4a
A4 14 M4 A282
Porthcawl 8 19 2
M32 A46 A420
HR97
A3
A3113
28
32
3 30 GravesendA2
A4
14 M4 13 13 A30 A2 2 HR212 Herne
Margate
HR50c
12
20 10 A316
A3
Penarth A4 A4 A4 A4 Staines 1 A282 A2 1 A249 Bay
42
11
8 Bristol
12
M3 A20 3 Whitstable
HiR16b
2 2
8
A4 Newbury Esher HR224
A34
M3 M25
A22
A3
Barry A3 22 11
Croydon
A299
Ramsgate
A32
M20
A227
HiR 16 Chatham
6
Bath
A225
HR34
70
A320
38
HR156
4 4
A350
3
A291
21 A3 3 5 A2 A28
Camberley
1
Weston-super-Mare
A3
A3
A32
A39
Woking M2
A2
A340
A3
3
A361 M25 2 6 7
90
A3
A36 39 4
Canterbury
7
10 3
4 M26 5 6
67
A36 9 2a
A23 7
HR24b
A3
8
A34 Basingstoke 4a 5
Maidstone
A257
A251
A342 0
6 A3 Farnborough M25 7 A25 8
A36 61 7 Sevenoaks 2
A37
A2
43
A3 8 6 A2 A25
A256
5 8 A25
Aldershot 0
A3
A3 A362
6
Tonbridge
A345
A287
9
A338
Guildford A21
8
22
Andover M20
A3
71
HR46
A2
A3
HiR25d Reigate
A2
A39 7
Warminster
60
58
A217
A25
74
A361 A303 A3
A2
A23
A24
A22
8 A31
HR24a M23
HR59
9
28
A260
A229
43
A3123
A2
A39 A3 9a 9 Ashford 10
A3
23
A36 A303 M3 A2
A287
39
1
61
A3
A39 0
Dover
A36
A3
A28
9
A399
A38
50
A3
10
A325
A39 A264
A20
38
8 12 13
1
11
3
Bridgwater Crawley 11a
A3
A262 A2
59
A3
A2
A3
A3
10a
A2070 Folkestone
7
A396
24
72
58
A30
A3
11
A267
A2
A3
Salisbury 68
6
61 9
59
A31
A2
71
HR60
A3
Winchester
57
A2
10
A28
A30
A372 0 11 A2 A3
A21
Taunton
A338
A3 A3 0
A286
09 72
3
61 25 A27 A3 A272 A272 65 A21
78
A3 A30 54 12 Eastleigh Petersfield A23 A2
A28
A36
59
A39 A3
A37
9
A3
4
A2
26 A35 13
A2
8
A32
14
Calais
A350
A30 4
Southampton
A27
3
M27 2 3 5 A2
A259
A27
A283 81
A303 Yeovil A3 1
5
88
A2
8
6
27 57 1
A3
7
A2
A3 A3
Horndean 1
2
2
A3030
M271 A3(M) A27
12
A3
8 M27
5
Lewes
4
M5 A31
A3
86
A28
A27 3 Havant A24 A27 A259
A27
A28
9
A30
A27 A27 Hastings
A22
10 11 4
A3
28 A2
A37
5
3
A3
7 A26
77
5
A337
A27
A396
A3
Fareham
26
2 A37 A3 12
A352
A307 3 56
HR65
A3
A3
07
2 Ringwood Chichester A25
A32
50
A3
8
A3072 M275 9
HiR45
06
Bri
A388
A35
Honiton A35 Gosport
HR126
6
54
HR99
gh
W
A3
Lit
Okehampton
A3
Eastbourne
ort
07
A30 Bognor Boulogne
tleh
to
Portsmouth
New
9
Poole
hin
n
48 Regis
am
A30 A35
Ryde
g
hav
29 A3
pto
A375
Bere Regis
en
A3052
n
30
A35
Ch
A3054
Launceston Exeter Dorchester
ris
Bo
31
A352 Newport
tc
urn
A395
A386
A3
hu
A3
A354
76
A379
51
em
rc
9
HR173
A3
A3
A3
3
h
A35 A3
02
82
ou
05
0
5
A388
th
A30 80
A38 A3 Weymouth
9
A3
A37
89
A38
6
A390
Torquay
A38
Bodmin
A39
Liskeard
A392
Plymouth
HR88 Paignton
A391
A385
A387
A38
A3058 A31
22
075
HR43
A3
90 A379
81
A39
A3
A3
Redruth
9
A379
A3
A39
8
3
07
A3
A3
07
4
A30
A3071
Penzance
94
A3
A30
A3083
An Executive Agency of the
Reproduced by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of HMSO. © Crown copyright and database right 2010.
All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence number 100030649. Dieppe
Media Services Birmingham b100124 UK High and Heavy Loads Map
6 westernpower.co.uk
Electric Vehicle Strategy 2021
1 Introduction
1.4 Original Equipment Manufacturers plans for light BEVs
As BEVs become more main stream the number of vehicles that a consumer is able to choose from will increase
dramatically, currently the BEV market is covered by 124 models which early adopters are buying.
But this is all changing as BEVs enter a new phase, current After a number of years of slow growth, the number of EV models
production forecasts are showing that most carmakers are produced across the UK and EU is about to increase significantly
embracing electrification and are leaving behind the fossil fuel this will then give the consumer greater choice and will see the
‘technology neutrality’ approach, this is being brought about by uptake of BEVs increase.
the legislation cutting vehicle emissions to 95gms/km of CO2 over
the OEMs complete portfolio, the reduction of emissions has had The graph shown below shows the how the range of BEVs that
the effect of focusing the OEMs on scaling up their electric car have been available from 2012 to the range of new models of EV
volumes instead. which will become available by 20254.
Total number of available EV models on the market in Europe
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Volkswagon Group PSA Toyota Daimler BMW
FCA Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Volvo/Geely Hyundai-Kia
Jaguar Land Rover Ford Honda Tesla Mazda
Suzuki Suzuki
7 westernpower.co.uk 4
Page 5 Electric Surge: Carmakers Plans across Europe 2019 to 2025 European Federation for Transport and Environment AISBL
Electric Vehicle Strategy 2021
1 Introduction
1.5 WPDs approach to facilitate EV charging 1.6 Flexibility and Charging
As an electricity system operator WPDs approach is to WPD expect that flexibility will provide a key role
ensure that a suitable network exists for all charging in delivering EV charging. This is likely to provide
requirements in all situations. This has many factors solutions for many customer types, from domestic
as charging requirements vary dependent on the type users to fleet users who return their vehicles to a
of vehicle and the owner’s access to either their own depot overnight.
or public charging infrastructure. Only about 60% of
car users have access to an off-street parking location As Smart Meters become more prevalent across the UK domestic
which is likely to be suitable for charging5. users will be able to take advantage of time of use tariffs that
WPD expect electricity suppliers to offer.
In one sense the actual charging infrastructure is of less concern So that customers with home charging they will be able to use
to WPD than the ability of WPD to provide the adequate and managed charging to charge their vehicle at times when price
safe electricity connection which serves it. WPDs plans will vary signals show it to be beneficial for the wider electricity network.
depending on the application and where the EV chargers are being
installed, this strategy document details various different options. Fleet users with depots are most likely to make use of overnight
charging to recharge their vehicles for the next working day.
The principle is simple, the charging infrastructure requires higher
volumes of energy and it is WPDs job to provide the conduit for WPD expect a depot charging facility to require a larger electricity
this energy. supply similar to a factory. This could cause a possible constraint
on some parts of the WPD network at peak times if connected
WPD predict that the majority of the larger local transformers conventionally. However, it is expected the opportunity to make
will be able to accommodate one 35kWh charge for cars and use of flexible connection solutions to allow charging at off-peak
vans every five days for each of the customers connected to times without network reinforcement will be used by majority
it. This provides a charged range of around 125 miles in many of businesses.
EVs and it is likely that this will support the demands of home
connected EV charging. This could make connections quicker and cheaper for
business customers.
WPD also expect that the backbone 33kV network and primary
transformers will be able to accommodate this level of charge
point activity.
According to the Centre for Ageing Better, 21% of all homes in the 1.7 Existing Charge Points and Capacity
UK were built before 1919, 38% were built before 1946, and only
7% after 2000, making the UK housing stock the oldest in the EU.6 WPD already have experience of installing charge
points on the network to support the early adopters
WPD focuses into the specific cables and distribution transformers of Electric Vehicles. The table below shows the
which supply local streets and the LV service cables which feed
individual properties, there is more chance of the earlier built number and capacity of chargers as reported to
network becoming constrained. For example houses built during Ofgem as part of the annual RRP returns.
the early through to the late 1900’s era are most likely to have
looped LV service cables shared with their immediate neighbours. The numbers of Fast Chargers are relatively high due to the
reporting split used by Ofgem. Most of the newer domestic
Attaching an EV charger to a looped LV service cable is not chargers are 32 Amp units and therefore are reported in the
recommended, WPDs default position is to remove looped Fast Charge category.
LV service cables prior to an EV charger being installed. WPD
identified this as an issue and are already installing larger LV mains The current number of EV car charger points installed in WPD
and LV service cables assets for new build estates and have are shown below:
identified areas where the proactive uprating of local distribution
transformer and cable networks are appropriate. It can be seen
that having a notification service which records all LCT devices as Description Number Capacity
and when they are connected in a DNO area is essential as this
straight away highlights to the DNO where chargers, heat pumps Slow Charge
5160 18736.25kVA
etc. are being installed and the DNO can be proactive in dealing (up to 16 Amps)
with the issues that arise, rather than being reactive when the Fast Charge
equipment fails due to overloading. 22305 181964.302kVA
(over 16 Amps)
It should be a priority to get the notification system working
0 2,000 30,000
nationally to ensure the journey to net zero is a smooth one
for all parties.
(Total number as at March 2021)
5
Article “Five ways to solve UK’s electric car charging conundrum” published in the Financial Times on 27/12/17.
6
Page 1 More than 1m over 55s living in hazardous homes Home Care Insight study finds.
Access/Intelligence/Studies by Sarah Clarke 09/05/2019
8 westernpower.co.uk https://www.homecareinsight.co.uk/more-than-1-million-over-55s-living-in-hazardous-homes-study-finds/
Electric Vehicle Strategy 2021
2 Forecasting and data
2.1 Forecasting for the ED1 business plan (2015-2023)
In WPDs ED1 business plans use was made of national forecasts to tailor scenarios for WPD networks.
WPD worked with the Centre for Sustainable Energy (CSE) to deliver the “Who’s on our wires” report.
This added socio economic factors to the national growth forecasts for all Low Carbon Technologies.
For example, the numbers of electric vehicles are strongly predicted to grow in areas where the social
demographic suits early adoption.
This means that it is highly likely that Low Carbon Technologies The current population of EVs within the four WPD licence
(LCTs) will be clustered closely together leading to a compound areas is matching the ED1 business plans – with EV adoption
effect on specific parts of the network. increasing at the current rate, it is expected some 217,000
chargers to be connected to the network by 2023.
This work led to WPD targeting the uprating of assets when other
works take place over about 7% of the network, in locations However, to meet the requirements of the Government’s 2035
where WPD could be confident of load growth. deadline for the cessation of Hybrid ICE cars and vans, this
will see an extremely high, 70% uptake level of EV adoption,
this is given in the governments Road to Zero 2018 document,
and then this rate could see up to 3,199,371 EVs by the end
of 20307.
2.2 Developing Distribution Future Energy Scenarios (DFES)
Since 2016 WPD have been producing Distribution Future Energy Scenarios (DFES) at a licence area
level which predict the likely impact of EVs along with other new technologies.
The scenarios use a bottom up approach to provide future energy scenarios, at Electricity Supply Area (ESA) level, for the potential
growth of distributed generation, electricity demand growth and electricity storage. These are then used to identify future constraints
on the distribution network and develop strategic investment options to economically resolve those constraints, when triggered.
The analysis undertaken for each technology in the DFES involves the following four stages:
A baseline assessment Resource assessment
Technology baselines are calculated from WPD’s Locational data from a wide range of data
network connection database. This information is then sources and GIS analysis is used to understand
reconciled with other market intelligence and external the geographical distribution, local attributes,
databases. In addition, further desktop research is constraints and potential for technologies to
undertaken to address inconsistencies. develop within the licence area and each ESA.
A pipeline assessment A scenario projection to 2032
For technologies with significant lead times WPD’s The scenarios are based on National Grid’s
network connection agreement database is reconciled Future Energy Scenarios (FES) and interpreted for
with the BEIS planning database and market research specific local resources, constraints and market
is undertaken. This allows an assessment of which conditions. Analysis of current market reports
commercial projects in the pipeline may go ahead and the findings from a local consultation event
and in what timescale. Domestic scale and demand is combined with interviews from developers,
technologies do not have an individual pipeline, but investors and other stakeholders.
local council economic plans are reviewed to derive
volumes and locations.
9 westernpower.co.uk
westernpower.co.uk 7
Page 9 of Road to Zero 2018: Next steps towards cleaner road transport and delivering our industrial strategy.
What are the Future Energy Scenarios?
Electric Vehicle Strategy 2021
Our Future Energy Scenarios (FES) outline four different, credible
pathways for the future of energy over the next 30 years. Each
2scenario
Forecasting
considers howand data
much energy we might need and where it
could come from.
2.2 Developing Distribution Future Energy Scenarios (DFES)
This year we have a new scenario framework, considering the impact of societal
In the latest report WPD have aligned the four scenarios with National Grid’s 2020 FES, which has the following four scenarios:
change as well as the speed of decarbonisation.
HIGH
LEADING THE WAY
CONSUMER
TRANSFORMATION
LEVEL OF SOCIETAL CHANGE
SYSTEM
TRANSFORMATION NET ZERO
BY 2050
STEADY
PROGRESSION
LOW
SLOW SPEED OF DECARBONISATION FAST
COVID-19 impact
COVID-19 will impact many aspects of the future of energy.
However the uncertainty and lack of evidence of this impact at
the time of analysis means it has not been included in
FES 2020. The impact of COVID-19 will be discussed with
stakeholders in the second half of 2020 and will form part of
FES 2021.
10 westernpower.co.ukElectric Vehicle Strategy 2021
2 Forecasting and data
2.3 Electric Vehicle Growth Factors
From a consumer perspective, the key hurdle will be price. Lower running costs are not yet balancing
out the up-front costs, even with the current purchase subsidy, unless drivers have a high mileage,
such as use for fleet applications. There is limited evidence relating to the actual whole life savings
or resale value. Increased investment and competition is needed between manufacturers to drive
down costs.
National and local legislation will be key drivers of future electric vehicle growth in the licence area. The UK government has
announced a ban on new petrol and diesel sales in 2035. An increasing number of towns and cities across the UK plan to introduce
restrictions and bans on vehicles in a bid to reduce pollution levels. Currently there are some twenty eight locations in the UK where
there will be vehicle clean air zones, driving charges and vehicle bans. These are:
Aberdeen Low emission zone and ban on some vehicles; Local authorities required by the national government
Bath Clean air zone for commercial vehicles is live; to produce a local action plan:
Birmingham Clean air zone will go live from 01/06/21;
• Bolton Borough Council
Bradford Clean air zone expected in October 21
• Bury Borough Council
Brighton Ban for all passenger vehicles in 2023;
• Fareham Borough Council
Bristol Clean air zone is expected to go live
from 29/10/21; • Gateshead Borough Council
Cambridge Clean air zone under consideration; • Guildford Borough Council
Cardiff Daily charge for drivers who don’t live in • Middlesbrough Borough Council
Cardiff and a clean air zone for vehicles date • North Tyneside Council
to be confirmed; • Rochford Borough Council
Derby Traffic management measures or a clean air zone • Rotherham Borough Council
date to be confirmed;
• Rushmoor Borough Council
Dundee Low emission zone and ban on some vehicles
• Salford Borough Council
in 2020;
• Stockport Borough Council
Edinburgh Two tier low emission zone and ban on some
vehicles in 2020; • Surrey Heath Borough Council
Glasgow Low emission zone already in place that is • Tameside Borough Council
extended to cars in 2022; • Trafford Borough Council
Leeds Clean air zone for HGVs, buses, coaches and taxis
in July 2020;
Despite the current barriers, the FES 2020 presents a much
Leicester Clean air zone expected in summer of 2021; higher growth projection for electric vehicles than FES 2018,
London Ultra low emission zone expansion from 25/10/21; reflecting the UK government’s proposed ban on new hybrid
Manchester Clean air zone expected in spring 2022; diesel and petrol vehicles in 20358.
Newcastle Clean air zone for HGVs, buses, coaches and The two highest scenarios in FES 2020 (Leading the Way and
taxis in July 2021; Customer Transformation) show a similar growth profile, with
Oxford Zero emissions zone planned for summer 2021; the UK electric car fleet reaching around 15 million units by
Portsmouth Clean air zone expected in November 2021; 2032 rising to over 38 million by 2038.
Reading Potential clean air zone or low emission zone To provide a wider profile for network analysis in this study
at a date to be confirmed; WPD have amended the Leading the Way scenario to show a
Saint Albans Clean air zone under consideration; more explosive growth profile which sees growth accelerating
Sefton Clean air zone under consideration; ahead of the FES 2020 and then levelling by 2050.
Sheffield Clean air zone are on hold;
WPD would also assume that EV uptake in the licence area
Slough Potential clean air zone or low emission zone stays ahead of the national average uptake of EVs in the
at a date to be confirmed; short and medium term but will return to national average
Southampton Have a Clean air zone running already by the end of the scenario period. This assumption reflects
free of charge; key factors driving early adoption such as; affluence levels,
Warrington Clean air zone under consideration; off-street parking and second car ownership along with
emission reduction initiatives in and around urban centres.
Wokingham Clean air zone under consideration;
York Clean air zone for buses in 2021.
11 westernpower.co.uk 8
Page 5 Uptake of Ultra Low Emission Vehicles in the UK 2015.Electric Vehicle Strategy 2021
2 Forecasting and data
2.4 Investment allocated within ED1 2.6 Forecasting ED2 and informing
specific ED1 plans
Within WPDs ED1 submission there is £112m
allocated for socialised reinforcement attributable WPDs DFES are being used to target flexible
to LCTs. Of this over £58m was directly related to solutions where they offer better value than
EV charging. conventional reinforcement.
Load estimates will consider all demand growth but this will
always include an element of EV growth. For higher voltage
networks this educates and directs the reinforcement plans
2.5 Forecasting local growth and being considered in the next few years. For the local networks
pinpointing upgrades the scenarios can help refine the LCT hotspots identified by
the work carried out with CSE.
In addition to the high level DFES work, WPD
are working with EA technology to deliver a
tool which will assess the impact on the local
LV networks.
The tool was originally developed as part of the Electric Nation
project. In the project it was used to show where networks were
becoming constrained as a result of local clusters of EVs.
The tool will be developed to help highlight where proactive
reinforcement can help prepare the local networks for LCT
connections and specifically EV connections. WPD will
use this tool to support the business plan submissions
for network upgrades.
12 westernpower.co.ukElectric Vehicle Strategy 2021
3 Planning and Capacity Availability
3.1 WPDs expectation of EV charger installations
The size and type of charger varies with the application. Smaller size chargers might be expected to
be seen in domestic situations where an overnight charge is likely. The smaller sized chargers may
also form part of the street side car charging provision. Larger rapid chargers will be seen at public
locations such as service stations and motorway service areas and car parks where a faster charge
is required, they will also be seen at locations where of vehicles require a quick turnaround charge
such as taxis ranks.
Chargers of 7kW are likely to be accommodated on existing house services but larger charger installations will often require a three
phase service or other upgrades.
Assume that the battery electric vehicle has a 55kWh battery, which the on-board capabilities are limited to 11kW
maximum AC charging, plus the car is capable of accepting a maximum 170kW DC rapid charge.
Charge Point type and Likely installation Specific connection Network Likely charge time for
power output location requirements considerations 0% to 100%
None – connects via
Slow up to 2.3kW Domestic household 13A plug/ None 25 hours 45 minutes
socket
Dedicated household
In some cases limited local
Slow 3.7kW Domestic or street side circuit or on street 16 hours
reinforcement is required
equivalent
Likely upgrade to
Dedicated household
cut-out and/or LV service
Fast 7kW Domestic or street side circuit or on street 8 hours
cable and
equivalent
LV local mains
Fast 22kW Requirement for three
Street side or public Three phase dedicated
(the car limits this to phase connection and 5 hours 30 minutes
charging location supply point
11kW) likely local mains upgrade
Requirement for three
Three phase dedicated phase connection and
Rapid 50kW Public charging location 53 minutes
supply point likely local mains and
transformer upgrade
In most cases a new
Rapid 150kW or multiple Supply point from
Public charging location transformer will be 26 minutes
rapid chargers dedicated transformer
established
Rapid AC chargers provide power at 43kW (three-phase, 63A) and use the Type 2 charging standard. Rapid AC units are typically
able to charge an EV to 80% in 20-40 minutes depending the model’s battery capacity and starting state of charge.
CHAdeMO CCS Type 2 Tesla Type 2
50kW DC 350kW 43kW AC 120kW DC
13 westernpower.co.ukElectric Vehicle Strategy 2021
3 Planning and Capacity Availability
3.1 WPDs expectation of EV charger installations
EV models that use CHAdeMO rapid charging include the Nissan Because of the longer charging times over fast units, slow public
Leaf and Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV. CCS compatible models charge points are less common and tend to be limited to street
include the BMW i3, Kia e-Niro, and Jaguar I-Pace. Tesla’s Model furniture that has a limited supply capacity.
3. Tesla Model S, and Model X are able to rapid charge via the
Tesla Supercharger network using the Tesla Type 2 connector. Most slow charging units are rated at up to 3kW with some
lamp-post chargers being rated at 6kW. Charging times vary
The only model able to make maximum use of Rapid AC charging depending on the charging unit, the LV supply capacity to the
is the Renault Zoe. Currently CHAdeMO is the only connector type charger unit and EV being charged, but a full charge on a 3kW
which supports V2G, this is changing as CharIN, the organisation unit will typically take 6-12 hours. Most slow charging units are
which created CCS, have now generated a time line for CCS to untethered, meaning that a cable is required to connect the EV
be type tested for V2G. with the charge point.
Slow charging is a method of charging electric vehicles, used by While slow charging can be carried out via a three-pin socket
some owners to charge at home overnight. However, slow units using a standard 3-pin socket, because of the higher current
aren’t necessarily restricted to home use, with workplace and demands of EVs and the longer amount of time spent charging,
public points also able to be found. If a vehicle remains stationary it is strongly recommended that those who need to charge
for a long period, such as at a Park & Ride or office car park, regularly at home or the workplace get a dedicated EV
slow charging may provide the optimum solution. charging unit installed.
3-Pin Type 1 Type 2 Commando
3kW AC 3kW AC 7kW AC 3kW AC
3.2 Estimating Connection Cost and Timescales
The cost and complexity of the electricity network required to support new chargers will vary with
size. At a domestic level only minimal works will be required to accommodate chargers but for larger
installations and hubs of multiple chargers new transformers and substations are likely. The cost and
works timescale will vary with the complexity of the works as detailed below.
Charge Point type and Likely installation Typical approximate Network and Third Approximate
power output location connection lead-times Party considerations connection cost
Slow up to 3kW Domestic Immediate None None
Slow 3.7kW Domestic or street side Immediate in most cases Usually none Usually none
Likely upgrade to service
Fast 7kW Domestic or street side 4 to 8 weeks Usually none
cable and local mains
Street side or public Streetworks and
Fast 22kW 8 to 12 weeks £3,500 to £12,000
charging location permissions
Streetworks and
Rapid 50kW Public charging location 8 to 12 weeks £3,500 to £12,000
permissions
Streetworks, permissions
Rapid 150kW or multiple
Public charging location 16 weeks and cost of land for £70,000 to £120,000
rapid chargers
transformer
14 westernpower.co.ukYou can also read
