2014-18+ Medium and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Fuel Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Maurice Hicks U.S. DOT, NHTSA, Office of Vehicle Safety ...
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2014-18+ Medium and Heavy-Duty Vehicle
Fuel Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
Maurice Hicks
U.S. DOT, NHTSA, Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance
Matt Spears
U.S. EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality
1Achievements
First ever Medium & Heavy-Duty (MD/HD) Vehicle Fuel Efficiency & GHG
Standards
Builds on Light-Duty (LD) standards & past MD/HD criteria pollutant
standards
Will reduce oil imports, fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and operating costs
for thousands of businesses over the life of 2014-18 MY trucks
◦ 530 million barrels less oil
◦ 270 MMT lower GHGs
◦ $50 Billion in fuel savings ($42B net first cost)
◦ $49 Billion in net benefits to society
Focuses on getting existing technology off-of-the-shelf and onto new trucks
Enjoys broad support from major stakeholders
Single coordinated National Program that helps manufacturers to produce a
single fleet of vehicles to meet related Federal and State requirements
A second phase of HD GHG standards, including additional test procedures and
model development is envisioned
◦ To recognize additional and new efficiency technologies and to achieve additional reductions
2GHG and Fuel Consumption
Program Overview
The joint (NHTSA & EPA) MD/HD vehicle final rule was
published in the Federal Register on September 15, 2011
The rule specifies mandatory standards for NHTSA’s
requirements beginning in MY 2016 and for EPA’s
requirements beginning in MY 2014
Divides diverse MD/HD vehicle sector into 4 distinct
categories
◦ Combination Tractors
◦ HD pickups and vans (PUVs)
◦ Vocational vehicles (other trucks, buses, ambulances, etc. )
◦ Engines
NHTSA standards will reduce fuel consumption and EPA
standards will reduce CO2, N2O, CH4 and HFCs
Both agencies offer manufacturers flexibilities including credit
Averaging, Banking and Trading, among other provisions
3
3Current Program Status
NHTSA and EPA are working on
developing joint strategies to simplify
compliance for manufacturers
On November 3, 2011, EPA and NHTSA
hosted a joint workshop for manufacturers
to discuss and explain the implementation
processes necessary to meet the
requirements of the rule
Agencies are periodically releasing
responses to the questions raised at the
workshop on the EPA website
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/regulati
ons.htm#1-2
Agencies will supply templates for
manufacturers to submit data
4Key Workshop Messages
Mandatory compliance begins in MY 2016 (NHTSA) & MY 2014 (EPA)
Voluntary compliance allowed for NHTSA program in MY 2014-2015
Early compliance allowed in MY 2013 for both agencies with credit
multipliers
Single vehicle/engine fleets (except RVs) can be used to comply with EPA
and NHTSA standards
Equivalent CO2 and fuel consumption standards and credit calculations
Requires single reporting by manufactures to satisfy both agencies’
provisions
Manufacturers submit data to EPA, which will be provided to NHTSA per its
regulations
Coordinated enforcement processes
EPA receives and renders joint approvals/disapprovals in collaboration with
NHTSA
Collaborated validation test results
EPA designated as principle point of contact for both agencies to streamline
communication
5Workshop Topics
Vocational vehicles,
HD Engines
The workshop gave regulated via the chassis
manufacturers a “walk-
through” of the
certification processes
for:
◦ Class 2b-3 HD Pickup
Trucks and Vans (PUVs)
◦ HD Engines
◦ For New Manufacturers-
Full-size pickup trucks
Securing Mfr’s Code and & work vans
CDX access
◦ Class 7 and 8 Tractors
and Class 2b+ Vocational
Vehicles Semi tractors, no trailers
6HD PUV Certification Process Represents Joint
Involvement
(complete and cab complete)
Represents EPA
involvement only
Pre-Certification Certification Certification End of Year
Post Model Year
(Recommended) Application Testing Compliance
Pre-cert mtgs to Declare
ABT accounting Defect Reporting
discuss sub Subconfiguration
with actual
configuration, Test Groups, Vehicles tested Recall
sales
test group and Project using the
compliance Production procedures and End-of-the-Year
plans/issues Volumes & equipment Reports
Emissions specified in (90 days after
Certification Control Systems 40 CFR Parts 86 MY)
Testing and 600
Label Final Reports
PMY reports (270 days after
Warranty, MY)
(use EPA
Maintenance
template &
Record Keeping
conv/adv tech
vehicles form
separate fleets)
Innovative Tech.
Testing/Approval
7EPA/NHTSA HD Pickup and Van Compliance
As early as 2 yrs in advance of MY
◦ Convene Pre-cert meetings
◦ Receive pre-MY reports sent to EPA (all information must be submitted
through the EPA database)
◦ Jointly approve innovative technology requests
During MY
◦ Review manufacturers’ Pre MY reports; work with manufacturers to resolve
inconsistencies
◦ The agencies potentially may confirm PMY information through testing
After MY
◦ Receive manufacturer’s end-of-the-year and final reports through EPA
◦ EPA will verify manufacturer’s final values and issue a final compliance
report for each manufacturers
◦ NHTSA will receive the official fuel consumption and credit values from EPA,
track balances
◦ The agencies will take a coordinated enforcement approach if manufacturer’s
deficit is not resolved after 3 years
8Represents Joint
Involvement
Tractor and Vocational Represents EPA
involvement only
Certification Process
Pre-Certification Certification End of Year
Post Model Year
(Recommended) Application Compliance
Pre-cert mtgs to Define Families Defect Reporting
discuss emissions
ABT accounting
vehicle families Declare Families, with actual
sales Recall
and compliance Subfamilies &
plans/issues FELs using GEM
relating to GEM End-of-the-Year
Model (using
such as Reports
Aerodynamic, tire, EPA templates)
(90 days after
“A vs. B” vehicle Projected MY)
testing, etc Compliance with
Final Reports
Standard
(270 days after
Innovative Tech. Label MY)
Testing/Approval Warranty,
Maintenance Record Keeping
Adv. Technology
Special
Exemptions 9
(1037.150(h))Represents Joint
HD Engine Certification Process Involvement
Represents EPA
involvement only
Pre-Certification Certification Certification End of Year
Post Model Year
(Recommended) Application Testing Compliance
Pre-cert mtgs Define Families ABT accounting Defect Reporting
to discuss
with actual
emissions Engines tested Recall
sales
engine families Declare Families, using the
and Subfamilies & procedures and End-of-the-Year
compliance FCLs(using EPA equipment Reports
plans/issues templates) specified in (90 days after
Innovative Tech. 40 CFR 1036 MY)
Testing/Approval Projected Subpart F Final Reports
Compliance with (270 days after
Adv. Technology Standard MY)
Label
Warranty, Record Keeping
Maintenance
10EPA/NHTSA Tractor, Vocational Vehicle and
HD Engine Compliance
As early as 2 years in advance of MY
◦ Pre-cert meetings
◦ Manufacturer’s certification applications sent to EPA (all information
submitted through the EPA database using cert-templates)
◦ Jointly approve innovative technology requests
During MY
◦ Review manufacturers’ GEM and certification data; work with manufacturers
to resolve inconsistencies
For example, we may consider testing VSLs and TRR on HD vehicles to confirm
results
After MY
◦ Manufacturers’ end-of-the-year and final reports are submitted to EPA
◦ NHTSA will receive official fuel consumption and credits from EPA, track
balances
◦ The agencies will take a coordinated enforcement approach if manufacturer’s
deficit is not resolved after 3 years
11Compliance Requirement
A manufacturer complies if it provides complete and
accurate reports by the required deadlines and meets
one of the following conditions:
◦ (HD pickups and vans only) The fleet average fuel
consumption and GHG emissions performance is less than
the fleet average standard; or
◦ (Tractors, vocational vehicles or engines) The fuel
consumption and GHG emissions performance for each
vehicle/engine family is lower than the applicable
subcategory standard; or
◦ The manufacturer uses one or more of the credit flexibilities
provided under NHTSA and EPA’s ABT Programs to comply
with standards.
A manufacturer failing to comply is subject to the
enforcement process defined in 40 CFR part 1037.750
and 49 part 535.9.HD Phase II
Envisioned during the development of HD Phase I
Objectives
◦ Build upon success of Phase I
◦ Further refine test procedures and GEM model
◦ Recognize additional and new technologies
◦ Achieve additional reductions
◦ Work toward global harmonization
Current Status
◦ Welcoming input from stakeholders
◦ Establishing interagency coordination efforts
◦ Scoping technology feasibility and cost assessment needs
13For More Information
EPA’s rulemaking documents and implementation
information can be found under “Heavy-Duty Regulations”
at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/regulations.htm
NHTSA’s rulemaking documents can be found at
http://www.nhtsa.gov/fuel-economy
See Federal Register 76 FR 57106, September 15, 2011
See Code of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR Parts 1036,
1037, 1065, 1066; and 49 CFR Parts 523, 534, 535
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