Yearly Writing Progression Document 2020-2021 - Amazon ...

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Yearly Writing Progression Document 2020-2021 - Amazon ...
Yearly Writing Progression Document

            2020-2021
Yearly Writing Progression Document 2020-2021 - Amazon ...
Reception

Text Structure                  Sentence Construction       Word Structure / Language           Punctuation       Terminology for pupils
                                                            Patterns
Introduce:                      Introduce:                  Introduce:                          Introduce:        Introduce:
                                                                                                Finger spaces
Planning Tool –Story map /      Simple sentences            Determiners                                           Finger spaces
story mountain                                              the                                 Full stops
                               Simple Connectives:          a                                                     Letter
Whole class retelling of story and                          my                                  Capital letters
                               who                          your                                                  Word
Understanding of beginning until                            an
/ middle / end                 but                          this                                                  Sentence
                                                            that
Retell simple 5 part story:     Say a sentence, write and   his                                                   Full Stops
Once upon a time                read it back to check it    her
First / Then / Next             makes sense.                their                                                 Capital letters
But,                                                        some
So,                             Compound sentences using    all                                                   Simile – ‘like’
Finally,…..happily ever after   coordinating connectives    Prepositions:
                                and / but                   up
Non-fiction:                                                down
Factual writing closely linked -‘ly’ openers                in
to a story                     Luckily, / Unfortunately,    into
                                                            out
Simple factual sentences                                    to
based around a theme                                        onto
                                                            Adjectives e.g. old, little, big,
Names                                                       small, quiet
Labels                                                      Adverbs e.g. luckily,
Captions                                                    unfortunately, fortunately
Lists                                                       Similes – using ‘like’
Diagrams                                                    ‘Run’ - Repetition for rhythm:
Message                                                     e.g. He walked and he walked
                                                            and he walked…
                                                            Repetition in description e.g.
                                                            a lean cat, a mean cat
Year 1

Text Structure                   Sentence Construction            Word Structure / Language        Punctuation                  Terminology for pupils
                                                                  Patterns
Consolidate Reception list       Consolidate Reception list       Consolidate Reception list       Consolidate Reception list   Consolidate Reception list
Introduce:                       (See Connectives and Sentence    Introduce:
                                 Signposts doc.)                                                   Separation of words with     Letter
Fiction                          Introduce:                       Prepositions:                    spaces (Finger spaces)
Sequencing sentences to form     How words can combine to make    inside                                                        Capital letter
short narratives                 sentences                        outside                          Introduce:
                                                                  towards                          Demarcation of sentences     Word
Planning Tools: Story map /      Types of sentences:              across                           using:
story mountain                   Statements                       under                            Capital letters              Sentence
(Refer to Story Types grids)     Questions                                                         Full Stops
                                 Exclamations                     Determiners:                     Question mark                Full Stop
Plan opening around                                               the a my your an this that       Exclamation mark
character(s), setting, time of day Simple Connectives in speech   his her their some all lots of                                Introduce:
and type of weather                and writing:                   many more those these            Capital Letters:
                                   and                                                             Capital letter for names     Punctuation
Understanding - beginning /        or                             Adjectives to describe           Capital letter for the
middle / end to a story            but                            e.g.                             personal pronoun I           Question mark
Understanding - 5 parts to a       so                             The beautiful princess
story                              because                        The old house…                   Speech bubble                Exclamation mark
                                   so that                        The huge elephant…
Opening                            then                                                            Bullet points                Singular
Once upon a time…..                that                           Alliteration
One day…                           while                          e.g. dangerous dragon                                         Speech bubble
Once not twice but once upon a when                                    slippery snake
time…..                            where                                                                                        Bullet point
                                   Also as openers:               Similes using as….
Build-up                           While…                         e.g. as tall as a house                                       Plural
One day….                          When…                               as red as a radish
                                   Where…                                                                                       Adjective
Problem / Dilemma                                                 Repetition for
Suddenly,.../ Unfortunately,…      -‘ly’ openers                  rhythm/description                                            Verb
                                   Fortunately,…Unfortunately,
Resolution                         Sadly,…                        Repetition for description                                    Connective
Luckily, / Fortunately,…                                          e.g. a lean cat, a mean cat
                                   Simple sentence e.g.           a green dragon, a fiery dragon                                Alliteration
Ending                             I went to the park.
Finally,… / In the end,…           The castle is haunted.                                                                       Simile – ‘as’…/ ‘like’…
Non-fiction:                     Embellished simple sentences          Precise, clear language to give
(Refer to Connectives and        using adjectives e.g.                 information
Sentence Signposts document      The giant had an enormous             e.g.
for Introduction and Endings)    beard.                                First, switch on the red button.
                                 Red squirrels enjoy eating            Next, wait for the green light to
Planning tools:                  delicious nuts.                       flash...
Text map / washing line
                                 Compound sentences using              Regular plural noun suffixes –s
Heading                          coordinating conjunctions             or –es
                                 Joining words and joining clauses     e.g. dog, dogs; wish, wishes,
Introduction                     using and (or / but / so)             including the effects of these
Opening factual statement        e.g.                                  suffixes on the meaning of the
                                 The children played on the swings     noun
Middle section(s)                and slid down the slide.
Simple factual sentences                                               Suffixes that can be added to
around a theme                   Spiders can be small or they can      verbs where no change is
                                 be large.                             needed in the spelling of root
Bullet points for instructions                                         words
                                 Charlie hid but Sally found him.      e.g. helping, helped, helper
Labelled diagrams                It was raining so they put on their
                                 coats.                                How the prefix un – changes
Ending                                                                 the meaning of verbs and
Concluding sentence              Complex sentences:                    adjectives
                                 Use of ‘who’ (relative clause)        negation, e.g. unkind, or
                                 e.g.                                  undoing, e.g. untie the boat
                                 Once upon a time there was a
                                 little old woman who lived in a
                                 forest.

                                 There are many children who like
                                 to eat ice cream.
Year 2

Text Structure                       Sentence Construction                Word Structure / Language           Punctuation                    Terminology for pupils
                                                                          Patterns
Consolidate Year 1 list              Consolidate Year 1 list              Consolidate Year 1 list             Consolidate Year 1 list        Consolidate Year 1 list
Introduce:                           Introduce:                           Introduce:                          Introduce:                     Introduce:
                                     (See Connectives and Sentence
Fiction                              Signposts doc.)                      Prepositions:                       Secure demarcation of          Noun
Secure use of planning tools:                                             behind above along         before   sentences:
Story map / story mountain /         How the grammatical patterns         between after                       Capital letters                Noun phrase
story grids / ’Boxing-up’ grid       in a sentence indicate its
(Refer to Story Types grids)         function as a:                       Alliteration                        Full stops                     Adjective
                                     Statement                            e.g. wicked witch
Plan opening around                  Question                                   slimy slugs                   Question marks                 Verb
character(s), setting, time of day   Exclamation
and type of weather                  Command                              Similes using…like…                 Exclamation marks              Past tense
                                                                          e.g.
Understanding 5 parts to a story     -‘ly’ starters                       … like sizzling sausages            Commas to separate items       Present tense
with more complex vocabulary         e.g. Usually, Eventually, Finally,   …hot like a fire                    in a list
e.g.                                 Carefully, Slowly, …                                                                                    Adverb
Opening                                                                   Two adjectives to describe the      Comma after –ly opener
In a land far away….                 Vary openers to sentences            noun                                e.g. Fortunately,….Slowly,….   Statement
One cold but bright morning…                                              e.g.                                                               Question
Build-up                             Embellished simple sentences         The scary, old woman…               Speech bubbles / speech        Exclamation
Later that day,                      using:                               Squirrels have long, bushy tails.   marks for direct speech        Command
Problem / Dilemma                    Adjectives
To his amazement,                    e.g. The boys peeped inside the      Adverbs for description e.g.        Apostrophes to mark:           Connective (general term
Resolution                           dark cave.                           Snow fell gently and covered the    where letters are missing in   for a connecting word)
As soon as                           Adverbs                              cottage in the wood.                spelling
Ending                               e.g. Tom ran quickly down the                                             e.g. don’t, can’t             Conjunction (used with
Eventually,                          hill.                                Adverbs for information e.g.                 and                   coordination and
And that is why….                                                         Lift the pot carefully onto the     to mark singular possession    subordination)
And so it was / is                   Coordination:                        tray.                               in nouns
                                     Secure use of compound               The river quickly flooded the       e.g. the girl’s name           Compound
Ending should be a section rather    sentences using coordinating         town.
than one final sentence              conjunctions                                                                                            Suffix
e.g. suggest how the main            and / or / but / so                  Generalisers for information
character is feeling in the final                                         e.g. Most dogs….                                                   Apostrophe
situation.                           Complex sentences                    Some cats…..
                                     (Subordination)                                                                                         Comma
                                     Drop in a relative clause:                                                                              Comma –for lists / -ly
                                     who / which e.g.                                                                                        openers
Non-Fiction                           Sam, who was lost, sat down          Formation of nouns using
                                      and cried.                           suffixes such as –ness, –er          Speech marks (Inverted
(Refer to Connectives and             The Vikings, who came from           e.g. dark –darkness                  commas)
Sentence Signposts document           Scandinavia, invaded Scotland.            teach –teacher
for Introduction and Endings)         The Fire of London, which            and by making compound
                                      started in Pudding Lane, spread      words e.g. whiteboard,               Generalisers
Introduce:                            quickly.                             superman
Secure use of planning tools:                                                                                   Tense (past, present)
Text map / washing line / ‘Boxing     Subordination:                       Formation of adjectives
–up’ grid                             Additional subordinating             using suffixes such as –ful, –less   Bossy verbs (Imperative
Introduction:                         conjunctions                         e.g.                                 tense)
Heading                               when / if / that / because /what     hope – hopeful / hopeless
Hook to engage reader                 / while / where / then / so that /
Factual statement / definition        to /until                            Use of the suffixes –er and –
Opening question                      e.g. While the animals were          est to form comparisons of
Middle section(s)                     munching breakfast, two              adjectives and adverbs
Group related ideas / facts into      visitors arrived.                    e.g .greater /greatest
sections                              During the Autumn, when the          faster / fastest
Sub headings to introduce             weather is cold, the leaves fall
sentences /sections                   off the trees.                       (A fuller list of suffixes can be
Use of lists – what is needed /                                            found in the Year 2 spelling
lists of steps to be taken            Use long and short sentences:        section in English Appendix 1)
Bullet points for facts               Long sentences to add
                                      description or information. Use      Use of –ly in Standard English
Diagrams
                                      short sentences for emphasis.        to turn adjectives into adverbs
Ending                                                                     e.g. beautiful - beautifully
Make final comment to reader          Expanded noun phrases for
Extra tips! / Did you know facts? /   description and specification
True or false?                        e.g. the blue butterfly, plain
                                      flour, the man in the moon,
Correct choice and consistent         lots of people, plenty of food
use of present tense and past
tense throughout writing              List of 3 for description
                                      e.g.
Use of the progressive                He wore old shoes, a dark cloak
(continuous) form of verbs in the     and a red hat.
present and past tense to mark
actions in progress                   African elephants have long
 e.g. she is drumming, he was         trunks, curly tusks and large
shouting                              ears.
Year 3

Text Structure                       Sentence Construction                  Word / Language / Pattern       Punctuation                    Terminology for pupils

Consolidate Year 2 list              Consolidate Year 2 list                Consolidate Year 2 list         Consolidate Year 2 list        Consolidate Y2 list
Introduce:                           Introduce:                             Introduce:                      Introduce:                     Introduce:

Fiction                              Vary long and short sentences:         Prepositions                    Colon before a list            Comma for:
Secure use of planning tools:        Long sentences to add                  Next to by the side of          e.g. What you need:            Adverbial phrases (fronted)
Story map /story mountain /          description or information.            In front of  during                                            Drop in relative clause
story grids / ‘Boxing-up’ grid       Short sentences for emphasis           through throughout              Ellipses to keep the reader    Lists
(Refer to Story Types grids)         and making key points                  because of                      hanging on…                    Sentence of 3 for description
                                     e.g.                                                                                                  Pattern of 3 for action
Plan opening around                  Sam was really unhappy.                Powerful verbs                  Secure use of inverted
character(s), setting, time of day   Visit the farm now.                    e.g. stare, tremble, slither,   commas to punctuate direct     Colon for instructions
and type of weather                                                         stumble, crouch, sip            speech                         e.g. What you need:
                                     Embellished simple sentences:
Paragraphs to organise ideas into    Adverb starters to add detail e.g.     Boastful Language               Use of commas after fronted    Direct speech
each story part                      Carefully, she crawled along the       e.g. magnificent,               adverbials
                                     floor of the cave….                    unbelievable, exciting!         e.g. Later that day, I heard   Inverted commas or speech
Extended vocabulary to               Amazingly, small insects can….                                         the bad news.                  marks
introduce 5 story parts                                                     More specific / technical
e.g.                                 Adverbial phrases used as a            vocabulary to add detail                                       Nouns:
Introduction –should include         ‘where’, ‘when’ or ‘how’ starter       e. g. A few dragons of this                                    Common
detailed description of setting or   (fronted adverbials)                   variety can breathe on any                                     Proper
characters                           e.g.                                   creature and turn it to stone
Build-up –build in some suspense     A few days ago, we discovered a        immediately.                                                   Preposition
towards the problem or dilemma       hidden box.
Problem / Dilemma –include           At the back of the eye, is the         Drops of rain pounded on the                                   Prepositional phrases (to
detail of actions / dialogue         retina.                                corrugated, tin roof.                                          place the action)
Resolution - should link with the    In a strange way, he looked at
problem                              me.                                    Formation of nouns using a                                     Connective (general term for
Ending – clear ending should link                                           range of prefixes                                              connecting word)
back to the start, show how the      Prepositional phrases to place         e.g. auto… super…anti…
character is feeling, how the        the action: on the mat; behind                                                                        Conjunction (used with
character or situation has           the tree, in the air                   Use of the forms                                               coordination and
changed from the beginning.                                                 (determiners) a or an                                          subordination)
                                     Compound sentences using               according to whether the
                                     coordinating conjunctions              next word begins with a                                        Clause
                                     and / or / but / so / for /nor / yet   consonant or vowel
                                                                            e.g. a rock, an open box                                       Subordinate clause
Non-Fiction                         Develop complex sentences:             Word Families based on          Relative clause /pronoun
(Refer to Connectives and           Use a range of subordinating           common words, showing
Sentence Signposts document         conjunctions                           how words are related in        Word family
for Introduction and Endings)       (See Connectives and Sentence          form and meaning
Introduce:                          Signposts document)                    e.g. solve, solution, solver,   Prefix
Secure use of planning tools:                                              dissolve, insoluble
e.g. Text map, washing line /       Express time, place and cause                                          Consonant
‘Boxing –up’ grid / story grids /   using:                                 Use of the forms
flow chart                          conjunctions                           (determiners) a or an           Consonant letter
                                    e.g. when, before, after, while, so,   according to whether the
Paragraphs as a way to group        because                                next word begins with a         Vowel
related material / to organise      adverbs                                consonant or vowel
ideas around a theme                e.g. then, next, soon, therefore       e.g. a rock, an open box        Vowel letter
                                    prepositions
Headings and sub-headings to        e.g. before, after, during, in,                                        Synonyms
aid presentation                    because of
                                                                                                           Antonyms
Introduction                        -‘ing’ clauses as starters e.g.
Develop hook to introduce and       Sighing, the boy finished his                                          Imperative tense
tempt reader in e.g.                homework.
Who….? What….? Where….?             Grunting, the pig lay down to
Why….? When….? How….?               sleep.
Middle Section(s)
Group related ideas /facts into     Drop in a relative clause using:
paragraphs                          who/whom/which/whose/
Sub headings to introduce           that e.g.
sections / paragraphs               The girl, whom I remember,
Topic sentences to introduce        had long black hair.
paragraphs                          The boy, whose name is George,
Lists of steps to be taken          thinks he is very brave.
                                    The Clifton Suspension bridge,
Bullet points for facts
                                    which was finished in 1864,is a
Flow diagram                        popular tourist attraction.
Develop Ending
Personal response
Extra information / reminders       Sentence of 3 for description.
e.g. Information boxes              e.g. The cottage was almost
Five Amazing Facts                  invisible, hiding under a thick
                                    layer of snow and glistening in
Wow comment
                                    the sunlight.
Use of the present perfect form   Rainbow dragons are covered
of verbs instead of the simple    with many different coloured
                                  scales, have enormous, red eyes
past
                                  and swim on the surface of the
e.g. He has gone out to play      water.
contrasted with He went out to
play                              Pattern of 3 for persuasion e.g.
                                  Visit, Swim, Enjoy!

                                  Topic sentences to introduce
                                  non-fiction paragraphs e.g.
                                  Dragons are found across the
                                  world.

                                  Dialogue –powerful speech verb
                                  e.g. “Hello,” she whispered.
Year 4

Text Structure                       Sentence Construction                   Word Structure / Language         Punctuation                        Terminology for pupils

Consolidate Year 3 list Introduce:   Consolidate Year 3 list                 Consolidate Year 3 list           Consolidate Year 3 list            Consolidate Year 3 list
Fiction                              Introduce:                              Introduce:                        Introduce:                         Introduce:

Secure use of planning tools:        Long and short sentences:               Prepositions                      Commas to mark clauses:            Determiner
Story map / story mountain /         Long sentences to enhance               at underneath since towards       Secure use of commas after
story grids / ‘Boxing-up’ grids      description or information              beneath beyond                    fronted adverbials                 Pronoun
(Refer to Story Types grids)                                                                                   After a simile opener
                                     Short sentences to move events          Conditionals - could, should,     Sentence of 3 for action           Possessive pronoun
Developed 5 parts to story:          on quickly                              would                             Expanded –ing clauses as
Introduction / Build up /            e.g. It was midnight.                                                     starters                           Adverbial
Problem or dilemma /                      It’s great fun.                    Comparative and superlative       Drop in –ing clauses
Resolution / Ending                                                          adjectives                        After reporting clause in          Fronted adverbial
                                     Openers:                                e.g. small…smaller…smallest       direct speech
Plan opening using:                  Start with a simile                     good…better…best                                                     Nouns:
Description /action                  e.g. As curved as a ball, the moon                                        Use of inverted commas and         Common
                                     shone brightly in the night sky.        Proper nouns-refers to a          other punctuation to               Proper
Use of paragraphs:                   Like a wailing cat, the ambulance       particular person or thing        indicate direct speech:            Collective
- to organise each part of story     screamed down the road.                 e.g. Monday, Jessica, October,     - Comma after the reporting
                                                                             England                              clause when used at the         Conditionals
- to indicate a change in place or
                                     Secure use of simple /                                                       beginning of a sentence
jump in time                         embellished simple sentences            Repetition to persuade e.g.                                          Apostrophe to mark
                                                                             Find us to find the fun           - Punctuation needed at the        possession
Build in suspense writing to
                                     Noun phrases expanded by the                                                end of the direct speech
introduce the dilemma                addition of modifying adjectives,       The grammatical difference          (comma /question mark /
                                     nouns and preposition phrases           between plural and                  exclamation mark / full
Clear distinction between            e.g. The teacher expanded to: the                                           stop) before closing the
                                                                             possessive – s
resolution and ending                strict maths teacher with curly                                             inverted commas
                                     hair…..                                 Standard English forms for          e.g. The conductor
Ending should include reflection                                                                                 shouted, “Sit down!”
                                                                             verb inflections instead of
on events or the characters.         Secure use of fronted adverbials        local spoken forms                  Jim said, “We’re going on
                                     e.g. Later that day, I heard the        e.g. we were instead of we          holiday next week.”
Appropriate choice of pronoun        bad news…                               was, or I did instead of I done    “ I am feeling ill,” said Jack.
or noun within and across                                                                                       “What have you been
sentences to add cohesion and        Secure use of compound                                                      eating?” she asked.
avoid repetition                     sentences using coordinating                                                “It’s late!” gasped
                                     conjunctions                                                                Cinderella.
                                     and / or / but / so / for / nor / yet                                     - Each new speaker on a
                                                                                                                 new line
Non-Fiction                        Develop complex sentences:            Apostrophes to mark plural
(Refer to Connectives and          Main and subordinate clauses          possession
Sentence Signposts document        using a range of subordinating        e.g. the girl’s name(singular)
for Introduction and Endings)      conjunctions                          but
                                   (See Connectives and Sentence         the girls’ names (plural)
Introduce:                         Signposts doc.)                       the boys’ coats
Secure use of planning tools:                                            the dogs’ puppies
Text map / washing line/ ‘Boxing   -‘ed’ clauses as starters e.g.
–up’ grid / Flow chart             Frightened, Tom ran straight
                                   home to avoid being caught.
Secure structure:                  Exhausted, the Roman soldier
Introduction                       collapsed at his post.
Middle Section(s)
Ending /Conclusion                 Expanded -‘ing’ clauses as
                                   starters e.g.
Paragraphs to organise ideas       Grinning menacingly, he slipped
around a theme                     the treasure into his rucksack.
Logical organisation               Hopping speedily towards the
Group related paragraphs           pool, the frog dived underneath
Develop use of a topic sentence    the leaves.
Link information within
paragraphs with a range of         Drop in –‘ing’ clause e.g.
connectives                        Jane, laughing at the teacher, fell
Use of bullet points               off her chair.
Diagrams                           The tornedo, sweeping across the
                                   city, destroyed the houses.
Ending / conclusion could
include personal opinion,          Sentence of 3 for action e.g.
response, extra information,       Sam rushed down the road,
reminders, question, warning,      jumped on the bus and sank into
encouragement to the reader        his seat.
                                   The Romans enjoyed food, loved
Appropriate choice of pronoun or   marching but hated the weather.
noun within and across sentences
to add cohesion and avoid          Repetition to persuade e.g.
repetition                         Find us to find the fun!

                                   Dialogue - verb + adverb -
                                   “Hello,” she whispered, shyly.
Year 5

Text Structure                         Sentence Construction               Word Structure / Language     Punctuation                 Terminology

Consolidate Year 4 list                Consolidate Year 4 list             Consolidate Year 4 list       Consolidate Year 4 list     Consolidate all previous lists
Introduce:                             Introduce:                          Introduce:                    Introduce:                  Introduce:
Fiction
Secure independent use of              Secure use of simple /              Metaphor                      Rhetorical question         Commas for expanded –ed
planning tools                         embellished simple sentences                                                                  clauses as starters
Story mountain / grids / flow                                              Personification               Brackets, dashes or
diagrams / bullet points               Openers:                                                          commas to indicate          Metaphor
(Refer to Story Types grids)           Elaboration of starters using       Onomatopoeia                  parenthesis
                                       adverbial phrases e.g.                                                                        Modal verb
Plan opening using:                    Beyond the dark gloom of the        Empty words                   Colons to add extra
Description /action/dialogue           cave, Zach saw the wizard move.     e.g. someone, somewhere was   information                 Relative pronoun
Paragraphs:                                                                out to get him
Devices to build cohesion within       Throughout the lonely night, the                                  Commas to clarify meaning   Relative clause
a paragraph (vary connectives)         wind howled like an injured         Developed use of technical    or avoid ambiguity
e.g. then, after that, this, firstly   creature.                           language                                                  Personification
Link ideas across paragraphs
using adverbials of time, place        Secure use of compound              Converting nouns or                                       Onomatopoeia
action and number                      sentences using coordinating        adjectives into verbs using
e.g. time-later     place- nearby      conjunctions                        suffixes                                                  Empty words
     action – carelessly                                                   e.g. –ate, –ise, –ify
    number –secondly                   Develop complex sentences:                                                                    Nouns:
or tense choices                       Main and subordinate clauses        Verb prefixes                                             Common
e.g. he had seen her before            using full range of subordinating   e.g. dis–, de–, mis–, over–                               Proper
                                       conjunctions:                                                                                 Collective
                                                                           and re–
Use 5 part story structure:            (See Connectives and Sentence                                                                 Abstract
Writing could start at any of the 5    Signposts doc.)
points.                                                                                                                              Parenthesis – dashes,
This may include flashbacks            Secure use of relative clauses                                                                brackets, commas
Introduction –should include           beginning with who, which,
action / description -character or     where, when, whose, that, or an                                                               Colons to add extra
setting / dialogue                     omitted relative pronoun                                                                      information
Build-up –develop suspense             e.g. The biscuits(that) Sam
techniques                             bought this morning are stale.                                                                Rhetorical question
Problem / Dilemma –may be
more than one problem to be            Expanded –ed clauses as starters                                                              Cohesion
resolved                               e.g. Encouraged by the bright
Resolution –clear links with           weather, Jane set out for a long                                                              Ambiguity
dilemma                                walk.
Ending –character could reflect      Terrified by the dragon, George
on events, any changes or            fell to his knees.
lessons, look to the future, ask a
question.                            Elaboration of starters using
                                     adverbial phrases e.g.
Non-Fiction                          Beyond the dark gloom of the
(Refer to Connectives and            cave, Zach saw the wizard move.
Sentence Signposts document          Throughout the night, the wind
for Introduction and Endings)        howled like an injured creature.
Introduce:
                                     Drop in –‘ed’ clause e.g.
Independent planning across all      Poor Tim, exhausted by so much
genres and application               effort, ran home.
                                     The lesser known Bristol dragon,
Secure use of range of layouts       recognised by purple spots, is
suitable to text                     rarely seen.
Secure structure:
                                     Sentence reshaping techniques:
Introduction
                                     Lengthening or shortening
Middle section(s)                    sentence for meaning and /or
Ending / Conclusion                  effect
Secure use of paragraphs:
Use a variety of ways to open        Moving sentence chunks (how,
texts and draw reader in and         when, where) around for
make the purpose clear               different effects e.g.
                                     The siren echoed loudly
Link ideas within and across         ….through the lonely streets ….at
                                     midnight
paragraphs using a full range of
connectives and signposts            Indicating degrees of possibility
                                     using adverbs
Use of rhetorical questions to
                                      e.g .perhaps, surely
draw reader in                       or modal verbs
                                     e.g. might, should, will, must
Express personal opinions clearly
                                     Use of rhetorical questions
Maintain viewpoint consistently

Summary clear at the end to          Stage directions in speech
                                     (speech + verb + action) e.g.
appeal directly to the reader
                                     “Stop!” he shouted, picking up the
                                     stick and running after the thief.
Year 6 –
                                  Ensure all previous year group sections are reviewed and consolidated where appropriate

Text Structure                    Sentence Construction          Word Structure / Language          Punctuation                      Terminology

Consolidate Year 5 list           Consolidate Year 5 list        Consolidate Year 5 list            Consolidate Year 5 list          Consolidate all previous lists
Introduce                         Introduce:                     Introduce:                         Introduce:                       Introduce:

Paragraphs:                       Secure use of simple /         Build in literary feature to       Use of the semi-colon, colon     Active and passive voice
Secure use of linking ideas       embellished simple             create effects:                    and dash to mark the
within paragraphs                 sentences                      alliteration                       boundary between                 Subject and object
                                                                 onomatopoeia                       independent clauses.
Linking ideas across              Secure use of compound         simile                             e.g. It’s raining; I’m fed up.   Ellipsis
paragraphs using a wider          sentences using                metaphors
range of cohesive devices:        coordinating conjunctions                                         Use of the colon to              Hyphen
                                                                 The difference between             introduce a list
Semantic cohesion:                Secure use of complex          vocabulary typical of              Use of semi-colon within         Colon / semi-colon
repetition of a word or phrase    sentences:                     informal speech and                lists to add related
                                  Main and subordinate           vocabulary appropriate for         information                      Synonyms / antonyms
Grammatical connections:          clauses using full range of    formal speech and writing          e.g. You will need:
the use of adverbials e.g. on     subordinating conjunctions     e.g. find out –discover            a large and roomy rucksack;      Subjunctive
the other hand, in contrast, or   (See Connectives and           ask-request                        a pop-up tent, preferably
as a consequence                  Sentence Signposts doc.)       go in-enter                        waterproof; enough food for
                                                                 said- reported                     the weekend.
Ellipsis                          Use of the passive to affect
                                  the presentation of            How words are related by           How hyphens can be used
Fiction                           information in a sentence.     meaning as synonyms and            to avoid ambiguity
Secure independent planning       e.g.                           antonyms                           e.g. man eating shark or
across story types using 5        Active: Tom accidently         e.g. big, large / little, minute   man-eating shark
part story structure.             dropped the glass.                 happy, elated / sad,           recover or re-cover
Include suspense, cliff           Passive: The glass was             devastated
hangers, flashbacks/forwards,     accidently dropped by Tom.
time slips
Start story at any point of the   Developed use of
5 part structure                  rhetorical questions for
Maintain plot consistently        persuasion
working from plan
                                  Expanded noun phrases to
Secure development of             convey complicated
characterisation                  information concisely
                                  e.g. the fact that it was
                                  raining meant the end of
sports day

Non-fiction:                      The difference between
                                  structures typical of
Secure planning across non-       informal speech and
fiction genres and                structures appropriate for
application:                      formal speech and writing:
                                  Use of question tag
Use a variety of layout           e.g. He’s your friend, isn’t
devices                           he?
e.g. headings, sub-headings,
columns, bullets, or tables, to   Use of the subjunctive
structure text                    forms in some very formal
                                  writing and speech:
Use range of techniques to        suggesting possibility,
involve the reader:               intent, recommendation,
comments, questions,              wish, uncertainty,
                                  necessity
observations, rhetorical
                                  e.g.
questions                         If I were rich and had a
                                  yacht, I would cruise all
Express balanced coverage of
                                  over the world.
a topic
                                  Were they to come, we
Use different techniques to
                                  would certainly stand a
conclude texts
                                  better chance of winning.
Use appropriate formal and
                                  I insist that you do your
informal styles of writing        homework.
Choose or create publishing
                                  I wish that were true.
format to enhance text type
and engage the reader
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