YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT - Indraprastha Zone CITY LEVEL PROJECTS
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CITY LEVEL PROJECTS YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT Indraprastha Zone
(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certiied Organisation) Delhi Urban Art Commission Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao Chairman Sonali Bhagwati Member Samir Mathur Member Sonali Rastogi Member Durga Shanker Mishra Member & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development Vinod Kumar Secretary DUAC Staf Rajeev Kumar Gaur, Raghvendra Singh, Amit Mukherji, V. K.Tyagi, Uma Bhati, Nishi Sachdeva, Manju Anjali, Siddharth Sagar, Indu Rawat, Nihal Chand Senior Consultant Samir Mathur Consultants Ranu Farooqui Monika Soota (3D Visulizer) Nikhil Pandey (3D Visulizer)
Preface
DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION with gratitude duly acknowledges the valuable contributions of the
following in making this report:
Raj Rewal Former Chairman, DUAC
The city of Delhi, capital of this vast land of diversities, is a city laden with layers of history,
Satish Khanna Former Member, DUAC
Eric P. Mall Former Member, DUAC a place where civilizations have lived, prospered and perished over centuries. The modern
D. Diptivilasa Former Member DUAC & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development city today, built over and around a rich tapestry of heritage, presents an opportunity
at every turn, to allow for co-existence of the past, present and the future. In order to
understand this multidimensional urban spectrum and attempt to plan the future, various
Organisations/Others city level studies have been initiated by the DUAC. I hope that these studies will help
Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India the planners of modern day Delhi to carefully articulate urban space, structure, form and
Delhi Development Authority environment and sensitively address future requirements.
Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi
I convey my thanks to all the Consultants and Members of the Commission who have
North Delhi Municipal Corporation
tirelessly worked on this research project to bring out this document. I also take this
East Delhi Municipal Corporation
opportunity to place on record my sincere appreciation of the efforts of Secretary and
South Delhi Municipal Corporation
other staff of DUAC for providing the necessary administrative support to make this
New Delhi Municipal Council
happen.
Geospatial Delhi Limited
I fondly hope that the authorities of the local, state and national government take these
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
studies seriously and implement, in right earnest, the suggestions given herein.
Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited
March, 2015 Sd/-
BSES Yamuna Power Limited Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao
RWA Chairman, DUAC
Summary
Contents Rivers are an inherent part of the development of the human settlement. They have been fundamentally
1 Section 1 6
involved in the process of settlement location and its continuous formation. The greatest civilizations of the
world have formed and lourished along the banks of rivers. Whether it was the Egyptian civilization along the
1.1 River Yamuna 6 Nile River or the Indus valley civilization, rivers have been vital as the providers of water for sustaining life as
1.2 River Yamuna - In Delhi 8 well as the agrarian societies. Thus strong relationships existed between man and rivers, the later often being
1.3 Delhi - Metro Routes 10 revered as Gods, not only in ancient times but till date. From daily activities to religious ceremonies, fairs and
1.4 Delhi - Planning Zones 11 festivals, the river formed an integral part of human life.
1.5 Zone ‘O’ - Land Use 12 Monuments developed along the banks of river. Delhi’s oldest city, Indraprastha, dating to the Mahabharata
1.6 Zone ‘O’ – Sub Zones 14 era (circa 1450 BC), to the great Mughal city of Shahjahanabad (1638–1649), all were set with the Yamuna
1.7 Recommendations For Zone ‘O’ 16 and other water bodies as their backdrop. The major monuments of the city of Delhi present strong
1.8 Delhi - Evolution of A City 18 evidences of the relationship of the past cities with the river. However with the 20th century and modernist
2 Section 2 22
city planning paradigms, the river was considered more as a functional component rather than recreational,
with which the masses had no everyday connection. The city faced its back to the river.
2.1 Proposed Area of Development 24
Today, with the abysmal state of drainage and solid-waste management of the city, the Yamuna has become a
2.2 Site Potential 25
huge drain carrying the waste of this mega city. Millions of rupees have been spent by successive governments
2.3 Site Challenges 26
in order to clean the river, but to no signiicant change in the situation. The spaces around the river are also
2.4 Immediate Context 28
rather ‘lost spaces’ with either agricultural ields, derelict power stations, stadiums and memorials.
2.5 Potential Entrance Nodes 30
With very high densities in the residential areas, it has to be realized that Delhi is in dire need of a large
2.6 Land Use: Institutional 32
public open space. The study aims at reconnecting the city to the river not only metaphorically, but to
2.7 Road Network : Circulation 42
establish physical linkages and improve the quality of the environment and create opportunities to activate
2.8 Activity Pattern 45
the riverfront.
2.9 Density Study: West Bank vs East Bank 46
2.10 Comparitive Site Study 49
2.11 Historical Significance 50
3 Section 3 52
3.1 Design Concept 52
3.2 Design Study : Entrance Nodes 54
3.3 Case Study 62
3.4 Existing Landscape Character 66
3.5 Proposed Policy for Landscape Design 69
3.6 Design Proposal - Plan 76
4 Annexure 98
Aim and Objectives
CONNECTING the City back to its River using Landscape
Creating PHYSICAL ACCESS to the River
Improve quality of ENVIRONMENT, opportunity for RECREATION.
CONSERVE places of historic signiicance.
Section 1
Section 1
1.1 River Yamuna
Mythological History
Yamunotri According to legend, the Yamuna is
the daughter of Surya (the Sun God)
and his wife Saranya, and the twin
sister of Yama (the God of Death).
New Delhi A dip in the Yamuna is believed to
free a person from all past sins and
contaminations of the material world.
As a part of timeless civilization,
Agra the River Yamuna, other than being
Section 1
a traditional water source, is also a
Allahabad cultural icon and is worshipped as a
Goddess in Indian culture.
Many temple towns are situated
along her banks and their characters
are based on the river.
Yamuna: in Mathura The Mahabharata also mentions
Ghats located on the River Yamuna in Mathura. There are total number of 25 ghats in
Mathura.
Yamuna as being one of the seven
tributaries of the Ganges. Bathing
in and drinking Yamuna’s waters is
Yamuna River Map Yamuna: at Yamunotri, its source believed to remove sin since time
immemorial.
Later, Yamuna is associated with
the God Krishna. Krishna’s association
with the river began right from his
birth, when he let her surging waters
touch his feet. Folklore and stories
about his childhood and youth are
told and retold today with a pure and
beautiful Yamuna as the backdrop; this
is further reinforced through most of
our traditional and folk poetry and
dance forms. According to legend,
Yamunotri Temple and Ashram Krishna jumped into the river to
Yamuna: in Agra tame the poisonous Kaliya snake,
In Agra, the Yamuna forms the backdrop to one of the world’s seven wonders,
the Taj Mahal.
who was polluting the river with his
noxious fumes.
Mythology is a complex science.
Century-old tales and stories
can be interpreted by generation
after generation with their ever
complicated contexts and changing
Location of Major Cities
River monitoring stations ethos. Kaliya’s modern day
WYC Western Yamuna Canal
EYC Eastern Yamuna Canal equivalents are the industrial units
that release efluents into the river.
Yamuna River: Delhi Stretch Yamuna near the Himalayas (Image Source: Google)
Origin
The Yamuna begins at Yamunotri, north of Haridwar, in the Himalayas. The source of the Yamuna technically is Saptrishi
Kund, a glacial lake. At Tajewala, 75 km upstream of Wazirabad, there is a barrage for the waters of the river to low
Yamuna: in Allahabad
into the Western and the Eastern Yamuna Canal. The Yamuna enters Delhi from Palla Village, at a height of 211 metres Her conluence with the Ganges and the mythical Saraswati rivers at Triveni Sangam is a
above sea level. It exits the city at 197 metres above sea level, thus lowing along a very gentle gradient of 1 in 3000. very holy pilgrimage spot. (Image Source: Google)
6 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 7
Section 1
Section 1
1.2 River Yamuna - In Delhi The Main Sources of Pollution in the Yamuna
The Delhi stretch of River Yamuna is barely 22 kms of
its entire 1,370-km long journey from Yamunotri (its
birthplace) to the ocean. Although barely 2 per cent of
the length of the river basin, it contributes to over 80
per cent of the pollution load in the entire stretch of
the river. There is no water in the river for virtually nine
months of the year. Delhi impounds water at the barrage
constructed at Wazirabad where the river enters the city.
What lows in the river subsequently is only sewage and
waste from Delhi’s 22 drains. In other words, the river
ceases to exist at Wazirabad.
1. Industrial wastewaters
Wazirabad Barrage
2. Dumping of garbage 3. Immersion of idols
22 KMS
ITO Barrage
4. Unauthorized settlements on riverbed 5. Bathing cattle
Okhla Barrage
Increasing pollution load is deteriorating the water quality
of River Yamuna. Domestic wastewater, agricultural
runoffs, mass bathing, offering of religious materials, clay
idols, etc., increases the pollution.
Due to the presence of large numbers of towns and
cities along the banks of the Yamuna, which use the
river to dump waste makes its condition even worse.
Therefore, it is now imperative to identify viable remedial
methods to clean the River Yamuna. Barrages on River Yamuna 6. Domestic sewage
8 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 9
Section 1
Section 1
1.3 Delhi - Metro Routes 1.4 Delhi - Planning Zones
Operational Network
Line-1 (Dilshad Garden to Rithala)
Line-2 (Huda City Centre to Jahangirpuri)
Line-3 (Noida City Centre to Dwarka Sector 9)
Line-4 (Yamuna Bank to Anand Vihar ISBT) Legend
Line-5 (Inderlok to Mundka) Zone Boundary
Line-6 (Central Secretariat to Badarpur) National Highway
Airport Express Line Ring Roads
Metro Phase-III (Proposed) River Yamuna
Metro Stations Zone “O”
Study Area (Site) Study Area (Site)
Delhi Metro Routes (Map 01)
Delhi Planning Zones (Map 02)
The site is well connected by Metro
routes. The nearest Metro station is
Indraprastha Metro Station which
falls on the Blue Line.
In the Metro Phase III proposal
there will be a Metro station on
Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg which will
also provide access to the site and
the historically signiicant monument Zonal Plan ‘O’
of Feroz Shah Kotla. As per MPD 2021 notiied on 07.02.2007, the National Capital Territory of Delhi is divided into 15 Planning Zones
(divisions) designated ‘A’ to ‘P’ (except zone ‘I’), eight in urban Delhi (‘A’ to ‘H’), six in Urban Extension (‘J’ to ‘N’ and ‘P’)
and one for the River Yamuna Riverfront which has been designated as Zone ‘O’.
The River Yamuna enters from Palla (north side), traverses a length of 48 kms (22 kms in the urban area) through
the National Capital Territory of Delhi and leaves the city at Jaitpur (south side). The Zone ‘O’ covers an area of about
Indraprastha Metro Station 9700 ha (as per MPD 2001), and 8070 ha (as per MPD 2021).
10 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 11
Section 1
Section 1
1.5 Zone ‘O’ - Land Use
The River Yamuna/Riverfront, Zone
Zone Area Proposed to be ‘O’, is bounded as under:
Name of Proposed
Planning According to Deducted from Current
the area in
Zone MPD 2021 Zone ‘O’ (ha) and added
Zone MPD 2021
(ha) to Adjacent Zones North : NCTD Boundary
River South : NCTD Boundary
O Yamuna/ 8,070 (-) 3,109 4,961
Riverfront East : Marginal Bund and NCTD
Boundary
West : Marginal Bund, Ring Road and
proposed NH 2 bypass along Agra
S. Land Parcel to be Excluded Area to be Excluded Areas Canal
No. From Current Zone ‘O’ Excluded (ha) from to be Included in
Current Zone ‘O’ Adjacent Zones
1 Rajghat 213 A (Walled City)
2 IP Power Station 112 D
3 Millennium Bus Depot 33 D
4 Sonia Vihar Area 718 E
5 Shastri Park DMRC Land 104 E
6 Akshardham Temple, CWG 109 E
Village
7 Yamuna Bank, DMRC Land 40 E 10 4
8 Batla House Area 73 F
9 Jaitpur, Meethapur, Okhla 1310 F
10 Jagatpur 385 P-II
11 Area under Circulation 12 D&F
(Refer Map 04)
Source : Delhi Development Authority
5
1
2
Site 7
6
3
The spread of the Yamuna varies
from 1.5 kms to 3.0 kms.
Nine road bridges and two railway
bridges and three fair-weather 8
pontoon bridges cross River Yamuna.
Nineteen major drains discharge
untreated efluents into the river.
The river bed gently slopes from 210
MSL in the north to 199 MSL in the 9
south.
The area has an assortment of
authorized and unauthorized uses
like Delhi Secretariat, samadhis,
cremation grounds, sports
complexes, and thermal and gas Source : DDA
Zone ‘O’ Land Use (Map 03) Source : DDA power stations. Zone ‘O’ Land Use – Updated (Map 04)
12 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 13
Section 1
Section 1
1.6 Zone ‘O’ – Sub Zones SUB-ZONE 1
Sub Zone Reach Approx. Area (ha)
01 UP Border – Wazirabad Barrage 3620
02 Wazirabad Barrage - ISBT Bridge 1100
03 ISBT Bridge – Old Bridge 225
04 Old Rly bridge – IP Barrage (Refer Map 06) 800
05 IP Barrage – New Bridge (Refer Map 07) 365
06 New Rly Bridge – NH 24 Bridge 390
07 NH 24 Bridge – Okhla Barrage 1300
08 Okhla Barrage – Haryana Border 1900
SUB-ZONE 2 Total River Yamuna area (NCTD) 9700
Sub zone 4 extends
from Old Yamuna Bridge to
ITO Barrage
Development in and along Sub zone 4 includes:
West: Red Fort Electric Crematorium, Vijay Ghat,
Shanti Van, Shakti Sthal, IG Stadium, Power Plant
and Delhi Secretariat
SUB-ZONE 3
East: Unauthorized
encroachments, agriculture
and cremation grounds
Proposed Predominant Use
Proposed West: Recreation
Site East: Recreation, Pondage
(water harvesting)
SUB-ZONE 4
SUB-ZONE 5
Sub Zone 4 (Map 06)
Sub zone 5extends from ITO Barrage to New Railway Bridge
Development in and along Sub zone 5 includes
West: Indraprastha Power Plant, Indraprastha Metro Station,
Bus Depot
East: Unauthorized encroachment, agriculture, Yamuna Bank
SUB-ZONE 6 Metro Station
Proposed Predominant Use
East : Recreation, Public and Semi-public facilities. Metro
Depot
West: Utilities, Recreation, Ghats
SUB-ZONE 7
Zone ‘O’ – Sub-zones (Map 05) Sub Zone 5 (Map 07)
14 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 15
Section 1
Section 1
1.7 Recommendations For Zone ‘O’
The River Yamuna/Riverfront, Zone ‘O’ has special characterstics and ecological signiicance for which various studies DDA Zonal Development Plan for River Yamuna Area (May 2006)
have been conducted from time to time. As such, the Zonal Development Plan for Zone ‘O’ has been conceived to set Two levels of urban design inputs are envisaged:
the strategies for the rejuvenation of the River Yamuna and ecofriendly development.
Riverfront Development: At present the width of the river bed varies between 1.5 kms to 3.0 kms and at most sections
neither the water course nor the opposite banks are visible. In order to integrate the river within the larger framework
MPD 2001 of the city and to bring the river closer to the citizens, at certain stretches, ‘aesthetic’ and ‘active’ riverfront development
River Yamuna is to be made pollution free through various measures. On the vast expanse of its banks, large is desirable. These stretches may comprise the following activities/uses with full complement of recreational activities for
recreational areas are to be developed and integrated with other urban developments so that the river is an integral all sections of citizens:
part of the city, physically and visually. • Bathing Ghats
• Pedestrian Boulevards
DUAC Conceptual Plan 2001 • Landscaped Venues
Landscape potential to be explored
Promote recreational activities, cultural centre, bird sanctuary, botanical gardens, water sports etc.
NCR Regional Plan 2011 Conclusion from the Studies
River channelization, pollution control and riverfront developments Keeping in view the recommendation made in the various statutory plans, studies undertaken and the conclusions
arrived at, the Zonal Development Plan for River Yamuna will have to address the following objectives:
Steering Committee Recommendation on MPD-2001 a) Water Supply Augmentation
Intercept all drains discharging sewage in the Yamuna b) Pollution Abatement
Comprehensive review and suitable change in land use c) Land Utilization/Management
d) Eco-friendly Development
SPA – Planning & Development of Yamuna River Bed
Augmenting Water Recharge Potential • The development should not increase the pollution within the River Yamuna area, rather it should regenerate a
Reducing Pollution healthy environment.
Conservation of Natural Areas • Any kind of development should be safe from lood damage even at peak lood level.
Recreation to be limited to ecotourism • Identifying the stretches which can be/should be developed on priority basis and which do not require large inancial
Higher level of recreational facilities resources and are not prone to encroachments.
Adoption of integrated development model
Strategies for riverfront development (8.3 ZONAL PLAN 2021):
NEERI – Environmental Management Plan • To establish riverfront walkway, trails, parks.
• Low Development, No Built Up • To create visually pleasing order to the river’s edge.
Botanical gardens, nurseries, forest and picnic spots, special parks • To attract people and investment to the riverfront.
• Moderate Development, Low Built Up • To develop an arts/entertainment/cultural district.
Open-air stadium, amphitheatre, theme park, gardens, water sports, camping grounds, recreational clubs, • To expand leisure and recreational use of the river and riverfront.
congregation grounds • To emphasize pedestrian streets that connect to the riverfront.
• Extensive Development, Moderate Built Up • To provide outdoor activities for the people.
Convention Centres, Secretariat and Assembly, museums and inancial district, cultural centre
Yamuna Action Plan for NCTD
Under the Yamuna Action Plan of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, the following components are
funded by the Central Govt:
i) Low Cost Toilets
ii) Sewage Treatment Plants
iii) Electric Crematoria
iv) Bathing Ghats
v) Plantation
16 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 17Section 1
Section 1
1.8 Delhi - Evolution of A City
18 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 19Section 1
Section 1
Medieval City between the Ridge and the River. Imperial City between the Ridge and the River;
Cantonment beyond the Ridge.
Lack of Identity. City reduced to a continuous sprawl. Present Delhi
No Connection to the River.
Contemporary City beyond the Ridge and the River. Future City will eat the Ridge and the River.
1931 AD Lutyens’ Delhi
1638 –1649 Shahajahanbad
1538 –1545 Dinpanah
1351–1388 Ferozabad
Expansion aimed at the reduction of natural resources Transformation of the city, the urban form changed from solid to
within the city. void to scattered. Jahanpanah
1325 –1351
1321–1325 Tuglaqabad
circa 1297 – 1307 Siri
AD
circa 736 – 1060 Lalkot
AD
circa 1450 BC Indraprastha
Creation of impervious surface. Collective realm is restricted to the Natural resources become mere
Loss of open space. movement corridors, detached from the components of urbanization.
ground. Chronological Evoloution of the City of Delhi
20 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 21Section 2
Section 2
Section 2
22 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 23Section 2
Section 2
2.1 Proposed Area of Development 2.2 Site Potential
Riverfront at
28.18% Rajghat Powerplant
As Future Development
1.57% In Another Phase
70..25% Natural Feature: River Rich History and Culture National Signiicance Monuments
300 Acre
The site has a magniicent setting. The river The historical monument of Feroz Shah The site has memorials of signiicant Indian
forms an excellent opportunity to provide Kotla is in close proximity to the site. It leaders situated in close proximity.
for an active public space. is well connected to adjoining historically The vehicular road connecting the ghats to
Ecologically Sensitive(70.25%) signiicant monuments like Purana Qila, the site has very low trafic density and can
Red Fort, India Gate, etc. serve as good connection to the site.
Adaptive Re-Use (28.18%)
Intensive Development (1.57%)
(Railway Corridor)
Rajghat
Powerplant
(Future Development)
Immediate
Context
32 Acre
Neighbouring
Inluence Zone
Religious Active During Weekdays: Work Hours Potential for Pedestrian Connections and
Walking
The site has an existing ‘Chhath Ghat’, which The site has many institutional buildings and Few of the roads like, Indraprastha Marg
Primary is extensively used during the ‘Chhath’ commercial newspaper ofices, making this a already have a wide, well-connected
Site festival and people gather here in large very active area during weekdays. pedestrian pathway and foot overbridge,
numbers during the festival. providing safe and convenient access for the
21 Acre pedestrians.
Adaptive
Re-Use
66 Acre
Proposed Area of Development (Percentage)
24 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 25Section 2
Section 2
2.3 Site Challenges
Disconnected Waterfront Weak Public Life Pattern Minimal Open Space Identity Fragile Urban Culture Unbalanced Trafic System Institutional and Ofice Focused Area
Challenge Challenge Challenge Challenge Challenge Challenge
The site has a beautiful setting at the The site is well connected, yet there The public space network is unclear, There are several historically and The site has Ring Road running on Overall, the site is dominated by
water’s edge that has not been fully is a fragile pattern of urban life with since the site lacks interesting, inviting culturally signiicant monuments in the west and Indraprastha Marg/ ofices and institutions.
embraced. few informal recreational activities and varied public spaces. The public and in close proximity to the site. Bridge to the north.
taking place. space hierarchy is unclear – where But it does not translate into a place These highways create barriers and
Consequences Most of the activities taking place is the heart of the city? Where are where you just spend time in the limit access to the site.
The riverfront is poorly connected in are considered necessary activities, the places for quiet relection or the public spaces. The open space has Consequences
terms of pedestrian links, functions, such as ofices and commercial places for physical activities and play? lost its important role as a preferred Consequences The lack of diversity and mix in
views and vistas, operations. meeting place. Not only has the area around the functions has a number of side
The waterfront itself could be Consequences site, but in general the city too, has effects. There are generally fewer
much more vibrant and interesting, Consequences The poor public spaces and the Consequences become ‘car centric’. The car tends to attractions and unique experiences in
The waterfront’s potential has been The site does not have a distinct ofice/institution focused activities in The public spaces seem underutilized. be ‘king,’ meaning that the vehicular each area leading to a lack of mixed-
underutilized. character, and is poorly deined. this area cause fragile user patterns. A Few public spaces in and around the trafic lows are highly prioritized, user groups.
There are a great deal of important strong public life culture demands a site manage to invite people to spend compromising pedestrian and bicycle
Absence of Visual Linkages, destinations on-site, but they are place that is more inviting throughout time for informal recreational low most of the times. In terms of public life, the site is only
Physical Linkages with Riverfront poorly connected and fail to generate the day, week and the year. purposes and leisure. highly active during ofice and college
public life activities. It is not a place The outdoor city culture is hours. This leads to a perceived
that succeeds in inviting people to generally underdeveloped and the Lack of Quick Accessibility lack of safety in the evenings and
go to for informal activities such as city needs more instantly appealing Options to Metro and weekends, and also impacts the use
strolling, biking or hanging out. and inviting public spaces. Lack of Various Civic Destinations for of public spaces.
public life is a self-perpetuating Pedestrians
process. Higher levels of public life
tend to generate more life while lack Absence of Mix of Functions and Precincts Deserted after
of public life has the opposite effect. Safe Walking Condition Business Hours
26 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 27Section 2
Section 2
2.4 Immediate Context
1 5
Rajghat
1 6
Shanti Van
Gandhi Ashram
2
7
5
2
6
9
Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium
8 8
10 3
7
Feroz Shah Kotla
Rajghat Power Plant 9
11
3
4
Jai Prakash Narayan Park
10
Yamuna Velodrome
Institutional Shaheed Bhagat Singh Park
4
The site precinct has number of mixed-uses. The predominant ones being professional
11
Industrial institutes and ofices. It has numerous nationally signiicant monuments (Refer Annexure)
located in close proximity. Four major sports activity buildings, namely IG Indoor Stadium,
Historic
Yamuna Velodrome, Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium and Ambedkar Stadium. Two parks –
Residential Shaheed Bhagat Singh Park and Jai Prakash Narayan Park. Two major power stations, Rajghat
Power Plant and Indraprastha Power Plant, and historically signiicant monuments Feroz
Sports Shah Kotla and Khooni Darwaza. As such there is no residential area in the site precinct
other than Vinod Nagar located close to the Feroz Shah Monument. Daryaganj, one of the
Greens
oldest residential areas of the city, is located nearby but is not part of the study area. Indraprastha Power Plant Chhath Puja Ghat
28 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 29Section 2
Section 2
2.5 Potential Entrance Nodes
1
Potential Node 1: From Mahatma Gandhi Marg
Existing Riverfront/ adjacent to Indraprastha Metro Station
Greens
2
5
Potential Node 2: From Vikas Marg/
d
Old ITO Bridge
Roa
ing
ad/R
3
k Ro
run
nd T
4
Gra
Potential Node 3 : From Sachivalaya Road
oad
3 (Opp. Delhi Secretariat)
aR
alay
hiv
4
Sac
2
Vikas Marg/Old ITO Bridge
Potential Node 4 : Under Grand Trunk Road/
Indraprastha Ring Road
Mixed-Use
Riverfront Site
(74 Acre) 5
1
Potential Node 5 : From Grand Trunk Road/
Ring Road
30 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 31Section 2
Section 2
2.6 Land Use: Institutional
Institutional Industrial
Important government and semi- Three main power plants are
government institutional buildings located in close proximity to the site.
are located in this area. The most Indraprastha Power Plant, Rajghat
important being the Secretariat, Power Plant and Pragati Maidan
Vikas Minar, Police Headquarters, Power Plant.
ITO. Educational institutions like SPA
and IIPM are also located in close Potential
proximity to the site The site is located between
Indraprastha Power Plant and River
Potential Yamuna. Adaptive Reuse of the IP
These institutions should have a Power Plant and the railway line are
better access to the riverfront site. suggested.
DDA Ofice Building Rajghat Power Station
DDA (on RT) from the ITO FOB Police Headquarters Rajghat Power Plant
School of Planning and Architecture Secretariat Indraprastha Power Plant
32 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 33Section 2
Section 2
Land Use : National Signiicance Land Use : Religious Signiicance
Historic/National Signiicance Religious Signiicance
The heritage monuments Feroz Chhath Puja Ghat which is located
Shah Kotla and Khooni Darwaza are on-site is used extensively during the
located in close proximity to the site. Chhath Puja festival.
Other places of national signiicance
close to site are: Rajghat, Shanti Van, Potential
Gandhi Smarak. (For a complete list Chhath Puja is an annual event and
of samadhis located close to site the site remains un-utilized for the
refer Annexure page 100-101) rest of the year. Thus, there is need
to create activity to bring people to
Potential the site.
A shuttle service along with
provisions for bike/pedestrian
connections from the historically
signiicant monuments to the site
can/should be created.
Mosque
Veer Bhumi
Gandhi Smarak Chhath Puja Ghat
Rajghat Shakti Sthal
Feroz Shah Kotla Shanti Van Chhath Puja Ghat
34 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 35Section 2
Section 2
Land Use: Commercial Land Use: Residential
Commercial Residential
Most newspaper ofices are situated The residential area of Vikram Nagar
in close proximity of the site. is located adjacent to Feroz Shah
Kotla Monument. Daryaganj, one of
Potential the oldest residential settlements
As the newspaper industry is such of Delhi City, is also located in the
that it remains open for 365 days a immediate context of the site. Anna
year, irrespective of holidays, there is Nagar, which is an unauthorized
an opportunity to give the people Daryaganj colony is situated along the railway
working here a breathing space on and Metro line.
the riverfront where they can unwind
and relax. Issues
Few of the residences in Vikram
Nagar share the wall of the
historically signiicant Feroz Shah
Vikram Nagar Kotla Monument.
Guideline
There should be a setback from the
historic façade.
View of Maharao Krishna Rao Marg
Ofices at Maharao Krishna Rao Marg Doll Museum Vikram Nagar Anna Nagar
Ofices at Maharao Krishna Rao Marg Times of India Ofice Express Building Vikram Nagar Vikram Nagar Daryaganj
36 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 37Section 2
Section 2
Land Use : Sports Facility Land Use : Open Spaces
Sports Facility Open Spaces
Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium and Most of the public ‘open spaces’
Yamuna Velodrome are located within are located around the heritage
5–10 minutes walking distance from monuments and other places of
the site. Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium interest – Rajghat, Feroz Shah Kotla
and Dr Ambedkar Stadium are also and also Yamuna Riverfront behind
located in close proximity to the site. Indraprastha Power Plant.
Potential Potential:
The stadiums act as activity The open spaces are not easily
generators and this activity can be accessible. They need to be well
dispersed to the riverfront site, connected to the adjoining areas and
creating an active area. Also, the Metro station and roads.
parking lots for IG Indoor Stadium
and Yamuna Velodrome can be used
for the proposed site.
Near Rajghat Power Station
Dr Ambedkar Stadium
Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium Near Chhath Ghat
Yamuna Velodrome Yamuna Velodrome Railway Line
Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium Yamuna Velodrome from elevated road Feroz Shah Kotla
38 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 39Section 2
Section 2
Land Use : Analysis - Conclusion Final Land Use Map
Institutional
Character
Important government and semi-government institutional buildings are located in this area. Most
of the
important being Secretariat, Vikas Minar, Police Headquarters, ITO. Educational institutions like
Land Use
SPA and IIPM are also located in close proximity to the site
Urbanscape
These institutions should have a better access to the Riverfront Site.
Industrial
Three main power plants are located in close proximity to the site. Indraprastha Power Plant,
Rajghat Power Plant and Pragati Maidan Power Plant.
The site is located between Indraprastha Power Plant and River Yamuna. Adaptive-Reuse of
the IP Power Plant and the railway line are suggested.
Historic/National Signiicance
The heritage monuments of Feroz Shah Kotla and Khooni Darwaza are located in close
proximity to the site. Other places of national signiicance close to site are: Rajghat, Shanti Van,
Gandhi Smarak.
A visual link along with providing bike/pedestrian connections from the historically signiicant
monuments to the site can/should be created.
Religious Signiicance
‘Chhath Puja Ghat’ which is located on-site is used extensively during the Chhath Puja festival.
Chhath puja is a once in a year event, and the site remains un-utilized for rest of the year and
lacks activity. Need to create activity to bring people to the site.
Commercial
Most newspaper ofices are situated in close proximity of the site.
As the newspaper industry is such that it remains open for 365 days a year irrespective of
holidays, there is an opportunity to give the people working there a breathing space on the
riverfront where they can unwind and relax.
Residential
The residential area of Vikram Nagar is located adjacent to Feroz Shah Kotla Monument.
Daryaganj, one of the oldest residential settlements of Delhi City, is also located in the
immediate context of the site. Anna Nagar, which is an unauthorized colony is situated along the
railway and Metro line.
Few of the residences in Vikram Nagar share the wall of the historically signiicant Feroz Shah
Kotla Monument.
Sports Facility
Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, and Yamuna Velodrome are located within 5-10 minutes walking
distance from the site. Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium and Dr Ambedkar Stadium are also located in
close proximity to the site.
The stadiums act as activity generators and this activity can be dispersed to the riverfront site,
creating an active area. Also, the parking lots for IG Indoor Stadium and Yamuna Velodrome can
be used for the proposed site.
Open Spaces
Most of the public ‘open spaces’ are located around the heritage monuments and other places
of interest: Rajghat, Feroz Shah Kotla and also Yamuna Riverfront behind Indraprastha Power
Plant.
The open spaces are not easily accessible. They need to be well connected to the adjoining
areas and Metro station and roads.
40 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 41Section 2
Section 2
2.7 Road Network : Circulation
6
Satyagraha Marg
7
6
6
8
Maharao Krishna Rao Marg
3 8
5
7
1 4
Velodrome Road
9
2
Sachivalaya Road
High Intensity Road Low Intensity Road
Mid Intensity Road Metro Route
1 2 3
Indraprastha Marg Mahatma Gandhi Marg Ring Road
4 5
Bus Stops Circulation
The main ‘Circulation Nodes’ include,
Metro Stops Indraprastha Metro Station, Pragati Maidan
and Yamuna Bank on the East Bank.
Phase III Metro Line
Blue Metro Line
Vikas Marg Sachivalaya Road
42 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 43Section 2
Section 2
Reclaiming Public Space for Parking 2.8 Activity Pattern
Ambedkar
On-street parking in front of WHO, near Vikas Bhawan & ITO and Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg Stadium
Ring Road
Public spaces that need to be reclaimed as parking spaces.
• Parking lot in IG Stadium and Delhi Secretariat are underutilized and can be
Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg
used for parking for the proposed site.
• Space under the elevated Ring Road bypass can also be reclaimed for Yamuna
Velodrome
parking.
Space under the elevated Ring Road
Vikas Marg
Indraprastha Marg
Chhath Puja
Ring Road
Ghat
Activity Pattern:
• Indraprastha Marg has mostly institutional buildings on both sides (refer page 32) and is highly active on weekdays.
• Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg has mostly newspaper ofices and is active seven days a week.
• Chhath Puja Ghat is active only seasonally during Chhath Puja Festival once a year. Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium,
Yamuna Velodrome, Ambedkar Stadium and Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium are active only when a sports activity is taking
Proposed Connections place. Thus the site is active only seasonally.
44 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 45Section 2
Section 2
2.9 Density Study: West Bank vs East Bank
• People in higher density dwellings need greater access and quality open space and public realm – their backyard is
Density Study of the West and East Bank the public domain.
Building a footprint study of the East and West Bank along the river for the site precinct shows that the East Bank • Connectivity is also an important consideration There is a need to improve the connectivity between the densely
is more densely populated than the West Bank. And is in dire need of an open space that provides respite and a populated areas and the open spaces. Recreation facilities and open spaces should be well connected by means of
breathing lung space for the residents. The riverfront has a high potential open space available in the heart of the city. public transport, walking tracks and bike paths.
46 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 47Section 2
Section 2
Open Space Study 2.10 Comparitive Site Study
Land Use Roads and Nullahs
Open Space and Land Use Study for East and West Bank
The West Bank has numerous open spaces, while the East Bank clearly lacks open green spaces.
The West Bank has mostly institutional buildings and the East Bank mainly residential.
By creating an active Riverside Green Space, we will provide an area for the residents of the East Bank to visit during
weekends. Due to the commercial and professional nature of land use on the West Bank, the site will remain active
during weekdays and provide a respite from hectic work schedules.
Land Use Study
Existing Vegetation/Trees Greens
Building Footprint
48 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 49Section 2
Section 2
2.11 Historical Signiicance Linking Heritage
on the Site
Delhi’s heritage can be integrated
and linked to transform the cognitive
image of the city:
• Through architectural conservation
and urban design interventions to
create experience and awareness
towards heritage. These will cover
TOWARDS street furniture, lighting, special
RIVER transportation system, treatment
to footpaths, roads and intersection
nodes, public places, etc.
• By making the cognitive experience
of Delhi as a Heritage City more
manifest for both local inhabitants
and visitors.
N
An aerial view of the Feroze Shah Kotla Node shows location of those
structures that are signiicant to the project:
1. Feroz Shah Kotla
2. Khooni Darwaza
3. Lok Nayak Jaiprakash Smriti Udyan (Smriti Udyan)
4. Shaheed Bhagat Singh Park (Shahidi Park)
Kotla Feroz Shah
The city of Delhi has enormous numbers and varieties of historic sites like the Qutub Minar, Humayun’s Tomb and, most recently, the Red The precinct of Feroz Shah Kotla has tremendous heritage value.
Fort, that have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Others, like the Old Fort and Jama Masjid, are part of popular tourist • The site includes archaeological ruins of Feroz Shah Kotla and the surviving remains of Khooni Darwaza.
circuits. There are many more sites of equal signiicance; however, they lie ‘buried’ within the modern city, neglected and forgotten
• The Kotla of Feroz Shah also includes one of the Ashokan stone pillars, removed from its original location and re-
erected here by Feroz Shah Tughlaq.
• The site continues to possess historical, archaeological, architectural and • Historically speaking, this site is an ensemble of structures belonging to the reigns of three signiicant emperors of
artistic value as the walls of the ruins merge with the newer constructions India: Ashoka (BC 273 – 232), Feroz Shah (AD 1351 – 88) and Sher Shah Suri (AD 1540 – 55).
around. The signiicance of this site, needs to be protected, preserved • The site contributes to the experience of architectural, artistic and cultural history of cultures that lourished in the
and enhanced for the experience of people who visit or live in Delhi. historical timescape of Delhi.
The constituent structures hold the potential to continue the original • Khooni Darwaza establishes the physical extent of Sher Shah’s Dilli, and suggests an overlapping relationship between
design intention or suggest interventions for adaptive reuse or new use, the two cities – Firozabad (14th C) and Dilli Sher Shahi (16th C) – founded within a time gap of two centuries.
consequently reinstating the cultural relevance of the site, whilst making it a
place for people to enjoy and experience their own heritage.
Khooni Darwaza
(Source: Intach, Delhi Heritage Route, Detailed
Project Report, June 2009)
50 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 51Section 3
Section 3
3.1 Design Concept Existing Site Conditions
Connection to
Rajghat Power Plant
Entrance/Welcome Zone:
Create Activity Zone for the Entry Zone
Vikas Marg / Old ITO Bridge
Existing Open Area
Religious Zone (Chhath Puja Ghat):
The Chhath Puja Ghat is massively used
only once a year during the Chhath Puja festival.
Section 3
Welcome
Zone
Ring Road
Green Ecozone
Riverfront Zone
Solar Farm Chhath Ghat
Chhath
Ghat
Improve Existing Pedestrian Paths
strian
Park
ays
Solar Provide seating enclosures and benches along the Path
P w h
Have Avenue plantation along the pathways
Pede
Link To
a t
River Green Ecozone
tive
Adap
- U se
Re
Zone
Development Zone (Existing Railtrack):
Proposal for Development along the Rail Track
Embankmen
t Existing Pedestrian Pathways
River Overlo
ok
Visual
ection
Conn
Adaptive Reuse of Indraprastha Power Plant
Existing Railway Line
Metro L Welcome
ine (Blu
e) Zone Entrance/Welcome Zone
Indraprastha Power Plant Structure
Nullah :
Development along the Nullah
Connection to
Pragati Maidan
Power Plant
Existing Nullah
52 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 53Section 3
Section 3
3.2 Design Study : Entrance Nodes
To Rajghat Power Plant
VIKAS MARG/OLD ITO BRIDGE
6
5
RING ROAD
6
5
4
4
3 3
2 2
1
1
Entrance Nodes and Parking Vehicular Movement On-site
Vehicular movement on the site is restricted to the outer periphery only.
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6
Pedestrian/ Vehicular & Vehicular Access Vehicular & Vehicular & Vehicular &
Battery Operated Pedestrian Access Only Pedestrian Access Pedestrian Access Pedestrian Access Strategy tools relating to walking and cycling speciically include:
Shuttle 1. Re-allocation of road space with an emphasis on sustainable modes, including walking and cycling.
Access Parking: Parking: Parking: Parking: Parking:
195 Cars 220 Cars 75 Cars 175 Cars 100 Cars 2. Aligning usage with policy agenda which looks to increase walking and cycling mode splits.
3. Increase opportunities to rest (pedestrian) and increase the provision of safe, secure and sheltered parking (cycling).
54 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 55Section 3
Section 3
Connection To
Rajghat Powerplant
Visual Connections
to The River
Possible Future Pedestrian Existing Water Bodies
Connection
(Refer ‘Vision of Delhi’ Report) Proposed Water Bodies
Connection
To Pragati Maidan
Power Plant
Pedestrian Movement On-site Water Bodies On-site
Existing Proposed
The functioning of a pedestrian route largely depends on the resting spaces provided for the users. - Yamuna River - Pond in the boardwalk area
Shade and proper street furnishings improve the quality of the pedestrian environment. - Nullah - Train entrance plaza
- Kids Activity Zone- Water Fountain
Comfort and shelter are essential characteristics of pedestrian needs and these should be proiciently catered to.
Seating places provide support for people to colonize the centre of the space, thus these should be located parallel to
the pedestrian lows.
The walkways have multiple interjections to create a sense of pause and provide seating spaces. This will be a well
designed open space which is part of an interconnected network to promote pedestrian and bicycle trips between
open space and destinations.
56 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 57Section 3
Section 3
Indraprastha Power Plant
uja
a th P
t
Gha
Chh
Potential Issues
• Adaptive Reuse of the Power Plant on the lines of • Environmentally unsound
international industrial examples such as Tate Modern, • Coal-based plant leading to massive emissions
Gasometer City, The Silos, Battersea Power Plant and • No control over particulate matter emissions
many others. (Refer page no. 62 for case-study) • Fly-ash generation
• Fly-ash sludge often making its way to the Yamuna
Indra Plant
ha
prast
• Coal has traces of heavy metal that is hazardous to
e r
Pow
health
• Using a 2-MW diesel set, power was generated for the
irst time in Delhi in 1903
Existing Buildings are meant to evolve and change; they are constantly changing. While they may be designed for a particular
Railwayline use, they eventually adapt due to ‘usages in and around them constantly changing’.
Existing Guiding Features On-site Indraprastha Power Plant Indraprastha Power Plant
Use existing open space as green Use existing mega structures for
connectors/parks/public spaces leisure/amusement related activities
Indraprastha Power Plant
Railway Line The development of this area would transform a derelict space and create something which everyone can appreciate;
Chhath Puja Ghat it will also introduce an accessible green space into the city.
58 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 59Section 3
Section 3
Railway Line Chhath Puja Ghat
Signiicance of Chhath Puja
Chhath Puja is an ancient Hindu festival and the only Vedic festival dedicated to the Hindu Sun God, Surya, and Chhathi
Maiya (ancient Vedic goddess, Usha).The Chhath Puja is performed in order to thank Surya for sustaining life on earth
and to request the granting of certain wishes.
Mythology
The rituals inds reference in the epic Mahabharata in which Draupadi is depicted as observing similar rites.
In the Mahabharata, Draupadi and the Pandavas, rulers of Indraprastha (modern Delhi), performed the Chhath
ritual on the advice of the noble sage, Dhaumya. It is also believed that Chhath was started by Karna, the son of Surya
(Surya Putra Karna). Surya Putra Karna ruled over the Anga Desh (present day Bhagalpur district of Bihar) during the
Mahabharata Age.
Ritual
The rituals of the festival are rigorous and are observed over a period of four days. They include holy baths, fasting and
abstaining from drinking water (vratta), standing in water for long periods of time, and offering prashad and arghya to
the setting and rising sun.
Location
Chhath Puja Ghat is located on the western bank of River Yamuna behind the IP Power Plant and is used once a year
during the Chhath Puja festival.
Issues
Existing Scenario Potential: The area remains isloated for the rest of the year. When it is used once a year, there is lack of proper parking facilities
The railway line connects the IP Power Plant and the Conversion of the existing Railway line into a pedestrian and a proper planned open space where such an event can be organized.
Rajghat Power Plant to the main railway line. And, is friendly corridor such as done in New York City for the
used to supply coal to both these power plants. With Highline Park. (Refer Page no. 63 for Case-Study) Re-use Potential
Indraprastha Power Plant closed and Rajghat Power Plant of railway line as part of the landscape feature. • Provide adequate parking space.
proposed to be shutdown in 2014, the railway line would • Create/design a large open space where the event can take place, as people tend to stay overnight on the grounds
be defunct. there is need for a large space to provide temporary shelter during the festival.
60 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 61Section 3
Section 3
3.3 Case Study
Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Building Adaptive Reuse of Railway Line
Throughout history, the main reason for reuse has been economic. Previously it was done ‘without regard for history
or “character”.’ This shifted in the late 20th century when adaptive reuse evolved more speciically into historic
preservation. We now have shifted to a balance between historic and economic reasons for adaptive reuse. Recent
adaptive reuse projects have generated ‘some of the most innovative and intelligent work’ in the architectural ield. It
is not just a sentimental or historic approach but a desire to create ‘new form out of old fabric’. The rediscovery and
reuse of old buildings and areas is more signiicant for the twenty-irst century urban life.
The remains of industry include dramatic buildings, landscapes, sites and
precincts as well as everyday structures and spaces that work together to give
our cities, towns and regions their character. All offer opportunity for reuse.
Done well, such adaptive reuse can contribute to the building of a social and
cultural capital, environmental sustainability and urban regeneration.
(Source: Google)
The case studies that accompany this report highlight a range of successful Manhattan’s acclaimed High Line – a Originally: Opened in 1934 as an
international projects, across scale and building types. relic of urban history and imaginative elevated railway, the High Line was
example of adaptive reuse – has established to provide greater safety
inspired a generation of linear urban by separating rail and street trafic.
parks occupying abandoned railway
lines Adapted To: Extremely successful
elevated public park stretching over
one mile, running through the heart
of Manhattan.
Xintiandi Factory, Hangzhou, China (Source: Google) Tate Modern, London
Originally: Bankside Power Station
Originally: Machine Factory
Adapted To: Tate Modern is
Adapted To: The Xintiandi old factory will be renovated into a high quality Britain’s national gallery for modern
building with a combination of functions including ofices, retail, hotel and art with 4.7 million visitors/year.
multipurpose areas. It has transformed a previously
underdeveloped area of London and
has helped give the city a new image
as a leading centre of contemporary
culture.
Originally: The Gasometers were built from 1896 to
1899. The containers were used to help supply Vienna
with town gas facilities. Each is 70 metres tall and 60
metres in diameter. The Gasometers were retired in 1984
due to new technologies in gasometer construction
Gasometer City, Vienna, Austria (Source: Wikipedia)
Adapted To: Each gasometer is divided into several
zones for living (apartments at the top), working (ofices
on the middle loors) and entertainment and shopping
(shopping malls on the ground loors). The shopping mall
levels in each gasometer are connected to the others by (Source: AdaptiveReuse.info, Brooklyn, NY)
skybridges. Reuse of existing rail lines (currently used for coal trains to the power plants)
(Source: Google)
The Gasometers have developed a village character all for continuous transit connections
of their own and are a city within a city. The success of these projects provides
the inspiration to look at innovative and
environmentally friendly ways to reinvent • pedestrian paths, bike trails,
Gasometer A (Inside) Gasometer B (Outside) the disused railways of the industrial past. • electric shuttles along riverfront district sites
62 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 63Section 3
Section 3
Learning from Case Study Design Philosophy
• Multiple uses and edge treatments have to be allowed.
• Creating a destination rather than just a thoroughfare.
• Address the concern of occasional looding and how the design will evolve and respond to the seasonal changes of
the river.
• The design vision calls for design strategies, and deliberate planning of open spaces, which strike a balance between
innovation and historic preservation as opposed to a single solution. This will give the riverfront the lexibility to
evolve over time
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
• Green spaces that are connected with other green or open spaces through walking and cycling trails or greenways
promote higher levels of physical activity and encourage more visits and longer stays.
• The existing Indraprastha Power Plant and the railway line serve as excellent opportunities for development of
landmark architecture features on the site. The open agricultural character of the grassland/agriculture land on the riverbank
• Restoring ecology, improving water quality, building with nature, part of history. should be preserved as the landscape image for both its natural dimension as well
• Supplementing existing vegetation – a green fertile milieu with an urban park character will be created. as its ecological importance for the surrounding Yamuna riverfront.
64 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 65Section 3
Section 3
3.4 Existing Landscape Character
Existing Vegetation On-site
Issues and Potential
There is no visual and physical access to the river from the main roads adjoining the site, namely Mahatma Gandhi
Marg and Vikas Marg.
The railway line has the potential to be reused as part of the landscape element, but the heavy plantation blocks the
access to the railway line from/to the river.
There are numerous native varieties of trees, plants, shrubs and grass which need to be retained.
66 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 67Section 3
Section 3
3.5 Proposed Policy for Landscape Design
Common Name: Khair Common Name: Blady Grass/Kunai Grass Common Name: Peepal
Botanical Name: Senegalia catechu Botanical Name: Imperata cylindrica Botanical Name: Ficus religiosa
Common Name: Ranawara Common Name: Bushgrass Common Name: Banyan
Botanical Name: Cassia auriculata Botanical Name: Calamagrostis epigejos Botanical Name: Ficus benghalensis
Common Name: Babul/Kikar Common Name: Vetiver Grass Common Name: Neem
Botanical Name: Vachellia nilotica Botanical Name: Chrysopogon zizanioides Botanical Name: Azadirachta indica
Common Name: Eucalyptus Common Name: Kans Common Name: Ashok
Botanical Name: Eucalyptus obliqua Botanical Name: Saccharum spontaneum Botanical Name: Polyalthia longifolia Forest (>50% canopy cover): Plant wherever possible; provides shade, recreation, riparian habitat, stormwater and
erosion control, lood mitigation and water quality treatment.
Woodland (Section 3
Section 3
Policy for Planting Design
Maintain canopy trees along the entire riverbank to the
fullest extent possible
Plant native or non-invasive species throughout the river
corridors.
Native species are preferred for the river edge landscapes
because of their adaptation to the local environment,
response to lood conditions and biodiversity
enhancement.
Develop a diverse hierarchy of
landscape cover types
The goal of every planting restoration design should be
to restore as much forest as is feasible to each riverfront
site. A diverse mix of forest, woodland, shrubland and
meadow will give signiicant beneits – maximum shade,
oxygen production, carbon sequestration, biodiversity
habitat and pollution and stormwater mitigation – to the
urban environment.
Replace paved surfaces and lawn with
plants and porous materials
With a large percentage of the urban environment paved
with impervious surfaces, plants can play a signiicant role
in decreasing stormwater runoff and improving water
quality. Tree canopies intercept precipitation as it falls and
decrease the amount of runoff leaving a site, even when
the understorey is paved beneath the drip line of a tree.
Mosquito/Insect Repellant Plants Where the ground is pervious, plantings help maintain
less compact soil with the growth and death of roots. Soil
Trees as Focal Point
that is less compact will absorb more precipitation and
Avenue Trees therefore create less runoff. Plants along a riverbank not
only reduce the velocity of surface runoff but also purify
Flowering Trees the groundwater before it reaches the river by absorbing
nutrients.
Aquatic Plants
Flowering Plants
(Image Source: Google)
70 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 71Section 3
Section 3
Intent Imagery for Proposed Vegetation
Entrance
Untouched Forest Walk
Boardwalk
Aquatic Plants
Tree as focal point
Tree Avenue
Entrance
Tree Avenue
Flowering Shrubs
(Image Source: Google)
72 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 73You can also read
