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W IN T ER 2021 UNIVERSIT Y OF ALBERTA ALUMNI MAGA ZINE CAN SCIENCE MEND A DAMAGED SPINE? Innovative researchers across the U of A are pushing beyond the bounds of what we know. The results will change lives.
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W I N T E R 2 0 21
VOLUME 77 NUMBER 2
feature
18
The Impossible
Made Possible
What does it take to
innovate? Four researchers
tell us how they’re tackling
some of the world’s most
complex problems
departments
3
Your Letters
5
Notes
What’s new and noteworthy
10
Continuing Education
Baby, it’s cold outside. And our
columnist couldn’t be happier
12
Speaking Of
An unlikely friendship
between a writer and one of
the victims of Flight PS752
13
Thesis
Important things happen at
the edge. We explore why
33
Trails
Where you’ve been and
where you’re going
36
Class Notes
51
In Memoriam
56
Small Talk
Matthew Stepanic, ’12 BA(Hons), ON THE COVER
poet, mentor and Glass Bookshop Vivian Mushahwar believes her work
co-owner, is a 2020 Alumni Award could reverse spinal cord injury. It’s the
recipient. Meet more of the kind of life-changing innovation that
U of A’s finest on page 45. happens across the U of A. Page 18.
Photo by John Ulan Illustration by L.J. Davids
newtrail winter 2021 1
} upfront
Find What’s Meaningful to You
changing careers can be president, share their lessons on
terrifying but also refreshing. leadership on page 39.
About 1 1/2 years ago, I left a Thankfully, a lot of what I
career in industrial construction learned in my first career was
transferable to my new role — not
OFFICE OF ALUMNI RELATIONS Native Studies
to become the president of an Sean Price, ’95 BCom Judy Half, ’94 BA(NativeStu)
advertising technology company. the technical skills but problem- Executive Director, Alumni Relations Nursing
After two decades in one career, I solving and my attitude toward ALUMNI COUNCIL EXECUTIVE
Christine Westerlund, ’95 BScN(Hons),
’01 MSc
could tell my interest was waning. innovation. I’ve found that if you Alumni Association President Pharmacy
I had been solving the same have a learning mindset and the Tyler Hanson, ’00 BSc(MechEng) Ali Damani, ’02 BSc(Pharm)
problems for years and was ready willingness to collaborate, you can Past President Public Health
Heather Raymond, ’82 BEd, ’86 Dip(Ed),
to take on some new ones. cross over into fields you might not ’95 MEd, ’02 PhD
Chris Ashdown, ’78 BSc(Spec), ’82 MHSA
I’m not the only one feeling this have imagined you could. Rehabilitation Medicine
Committee Chair: Alumni Awards Michele Moon, ’92 BSc(OT), ’05 MSc
way lately. In the past year, I’ve I’ve also discovered that as a Deb Manz, ’95 MBA
Science
probably had 15 virtual coffee chats U of A grad, you can access a ton of Committee Chair: Alumni Career Services Keri Reid, ’05 BSc
Chris Ashdown, ’78 BSc(Spec), ’82 MHSA
with people who are re-evaluating resources to support your learning MEMBERS AT LARGE
Committee Chair: Future Programming
their careers. beyond graduation. You can tap Christine Westerlund, ’95 BScN(Hons), ’01 MSc Ali Assi, ’15 MPH
Everyone has their own into mentorship, professional Committee Co-Chairs: Priority Programs
Marnie Colborne, ’17 BScN(Hons)
Simone Demers-Collins, ’71 BSc(HEc)
reason for wanting to make a development grants, On Demand Diana Ly, ’99 BSc, ’10 MBA
Diana Ly, ’99 BSc, ’10 MBA
Matthew Hebert, ’05 BA
change — whether it’s boredom, webinars and events led by experts Deb Manz, ’95 MBA
Task Force: Indigenous Alumni Connections Jesse Moore, ’09 BA, ’09 BA(CertTrans)
burnout or shifting priorities. But in their fields. (Check some of these Jessica Vandenberghe, ’00 BSc(ChemEng), Ashton Rudanec, ’12 BCom, ’16 MBA
I think one of the big reasons is out at uab.ca/alumni.) You also ’03 MSc Pegah Salari, ’08 MBA
Nathan Sunday, ’20 BA(NativeStu),
that people want to feel they’re have a community of people behind Board of Governors Representatives
’20 Cert(IndgGov/Ptnshp)
Ryan Thompson, ’03 BSc(Hons), ’13 MA
contributing to a workplace in a you, some of whom have probably Ayaz Bhanji, ’91 BSc(Pharm) Tricia Waddell, ’96 BA, ’00 JD, ’14 MBA
meaningful way. been through similar experiences Senate Representatives
Sheetal Mehta Walsh, ’94 BA
Michael Wong, ’01 BCom
In my case, I realized I had and would be happy to talk about Kate Young, ’07 BScN(Hons), ’15 MBA
Rick Dowell, ’03 BSc(MechEng), ’09 MBA
become a participant in my them over a virtual coffee. EX OFFICIO
Honorary President
career instead of a leader. I liked I’m not suggesting that you FACULTY REPRESENTATIVES
Bill Flanagan
Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences
my old job well enough but had drop your day job for your passion Janice McGregor, ’72 BSc(HEc) Vice-President, External Relations
lost enthusiasm. I was much project. Not all change needs to Arts
Elan MacDonald
more excited about the stuff I be monumental. But if you want Rachel Persad, ’15 BA(Criminology) Executive Director, Alumni Relations
Sean Price, ’95 BCom
did in my spare time — working to be a leader in your own life, you Augustana
Dean of Students
Matthew Hebert, ’05 BA
with small business owners and have to be invested in what you’re André Costopoulos
Business
entrepreneurs. When I started in doing. Sometimes, that just means Denise Prefontaine, ’86 BA(RecAdmin), ’95 MBA Dean of Students Designate
my current job, I found renewed reframing your perspective or Campus Saint-Jean
Mandy Quon, ’06 BA
Graduate Students’ Association
energy to tackle new problems. remembering why you cared about Thomas Pomerleau, ’18 BCom,
Mohd Tahsin Bin Mostafa
’18 Cert(Leadership)
The company where I had spent so something in the first place. Dentistry Students’ Union
much of my earlier career deserved It’s rewarding to know you’re Brian McPherson, ’78 BSc, ’83 DDS Christian Fotang
some new energy, too. putting your skills and energy Education
Making way for someone new toward something meaningful. Dean Wood, ’72 MEd, ’91 PhD
Engineering
to bring their excitement and What’s meaningful to you? Ken Coburn, ’79 BSc(MechEng)
ideas is important to a healthy Graduate Studies
organization, says Martha Piper, Dinu Philip Alex, ’06 MSc
’06 LLD (Honorary), former vice- Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation
Amy MacKinnon, ’03 BPE
president of research at the U of A.
Law
Piper and Indira Samarasekera, Alexander Yiu, ’03 BA, ’06 LLB
’16 DSc (Honorary), former U of A Medicine
Peter Douglas Davey, ’72 BSc(Med), ’74 MD
PHOTO BY JOHN ULAN
Tyler Hanson, ’00 BSc(MechEng)
president, alumni association
2 ualberta.ca/newtrail
} letters
SPRIN
G 202
1
What do you think about the
magazine? Let us know by email or
the old-fashioned way; you’ll find
Meet the Author Descendant Detective
Thanks to Ellen Schoeck, I’ve been researching my
the addresses on page 4. Letters
may be edited for length or clarity.
’72 BA(Hons), ’77 MA, for family and discovered my
RSIT Y
OF AL
BERTA
ZINE
} upfront
referencing the book Meet aunt, Denise Ages (Gross),
UNIVE GA
the Aunts in “The Legend ’36 BSc — who was born in
NI MA
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The Rew
of Ella May Continues” in poverty in 1913 and didn’t
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ards of Cur
when i was
a grade 1
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taught a unit and 2 teacher, magazine! you think
about the
flying critter about bats. The for consum
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Email
best station us or bust out your
HUNT
s made their question: asked a ery — you’ll
every subjec way into What would OFFICE OF ALUMNI addresses
the Spring 2021 issue. The speak English as a first
RELATIONS on page 4. find the
t — math, happen if
TH E
arts, social language company a
Sean Price, ’95
Letters may
studies — was willing Executive Director,
BCom Medicine be edited
for length
and studen wages for to pay higher Peter Douglas or clarity
played a big smaller quanti
Alumni and Donor Davey, ’72 BSc(Med),
ts
A Nobel Connection
Tracy Salmon, Relations
role in determ well-made ties of ’91
Director, Alumni BA(Hons), ’96 MSc
Native Studies ’74 MD
what they
learned. Each ining led to the
goods? The
answer
Programs Judy Half, ’94 BA(NativeSt
NEW FREQU
chose a type student launch Coleen Graham, u) In respon
Unbelts, which of her company, SAME GREATENCY,
’88 Nursing
of Director, Alumni BSc(HEc), ’93 MEd se to
up with questi bat to study, came Partnerships Christine Westerlund, Drives Nobel “Concern for Patien
small to ensure keeps its production Starting this TASTE ts
find the answe ons and helped to
’95 BScN(Hons)
’01 MSc Prize Winne
author of the book is Ella language — graduated from
ALUMNI COUNCIL , year,
its emplo EXECUTIV New Trail (page 6 in r’s Resear
the Winte
rs. In a classro a living wage. yees make E will r 2020 issue), ch”
Pharmacy
of 30 kids, om In
Alumni Association
in your mailbobe landing Scott (Schne
would you a second manuf 2018, she opened
Ali Damani, ’02
Tyler Hanson, ’00 President BSc(Pharm) x twice ll), ’73 BEd, Brenda
studied 24 believe we annually. us about
another Nobel wrote to tell
BSc(MechEng)
different acturing locatio Public Health You’ll
where get an award- still
Past President
It was amazin kinds of bats? she could
launch protot n Heather Raymond, Chris Ashdown,
’78 BSc(Spec), winning Her brothe connection.
g to watch quickly — ’95 MEd, ’02 PhD ’82 BEd, ’86 Dip(Ed), ’82 MHSA magazine r Russell
invested the how including ypes Rehabilitation
Medicine bursting with ’15 LLD (Hono Schnell, ’66
students when the cloth masks Michele Moon, alumni accom rary), was BSc,
their learnin became in pandemic Committee Chair: ’92 BSc(OT), ’05
Intergovernm a member
MSc U of A researc plishments,
HEP C
g when they hit. Deb Manz, ’95 Alumni Awards of the
May’s daughter-in-law, who the U of A with a bachelor
Science
the opport Grads like MBA ental Panel
unity to unleaswere given Theaker-Bro to be proud h and a lot Change when on Climat
Keri Reid, ’05 BSc
questions Committee Chair: e
FO R
curiosity. wn ask Chris Ashdown, Alumni Career Services of on your awarded the organi
What is the h their about how doorstep the Nobel zation was
an Egypti wingspan their comm to make ’78 BSc(Spec),
’82 MHSA
MEMBERS AT LARGE — just on
a Peace Prize
of unities and Committee Chair: Ali Assi, ’15 MPH different
an fruit bat? better place the world Future Programmin schedule. in 2007.
the little red Why does a
Christine Westerlund,
’95 BScN(Hons) g
Marnie Colborne, want to keep If you
and then ’17 BScN(Hons)
flying fox seek answe passionately , ’01 MSc Simone Demers-Col more often, in touch
Look to the Treaties
Committee Co-Chairs:
off its body? drink water rs. Diana Ly, ’99 BSc, lins, ’71 BSc(HEc)
long history They’re part of a
I ran into Diana Ly, ’99 BSc, Priority Programs check us
online or
seven years one studen of creativ Matthew
’10 MBA Deb Manz, ’95 ’10 MBA subscribe out
is also my mother, Margaret of science and was recruited
later, and t solving and e problem-
Hebert, ’05 BA
Jesse Moore, ’09
MBA our digital to “Understand
still remem she said she inventive Task Force: Indigenous
Ashton Rudanec, BA, ’09 BA(CertTrans)
newsletter ing Treatie
bered everyt the U of A. thinking Jessica Vandenbergh Alumni Connections ualber ta.ca/n at Understandi s Is
Honduran
white bats.
hing about More than at e, ’00 BSc(ChemEn Pegah Salari, ’08 ’12 BCom, ’16 MBA ewtrail. ng,” by Patric Essential to
Roy Berg, 50 years ago, ’03 MSc g), Nathan Sunday, MBA ’79 BEd, in ia Makok
The point ’50 BSc(Ag the is,
widespread Winter 2020 issue
’20
of the unit the global ), changed Board of Governors ’20 Cert(AborGo BA(NativeSt u),
just to teach wasn’t beef indust Ryan Thompson, Representatives Tricia Waddell,
v/Ptnshp)
distribution, deserves
kids about discovered ry when he Ayaz Bhanji, ’91 ’03 BSc(Hons), ’13 MA ’96 where I live
The Legend of
to create bats. It was Sheetal Mehta BA, ’00 JD, ’14 MBA especially
an enviro that cross-b BSc(Pharm) Walsh, ’94 BA in Hamilton,
SPR
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202
cattle made reeding a long way
0
students nment where Senate Representa Michael Wong, Ont. It would
Walker (Macleod), ’43 BA, to work in Ottawa on the
’01
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could on the embatt go
We think of
and let their experiment, explor and produ resilient land disput
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In our quest to rebuild
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FACULTY
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wife, international
President
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REPRESENTATIVES
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what they need to thrive.
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By arranging much. give backDilip Kembhavi
questions
from across North America, has Natasha
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how students
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The Syncrude Project is a joint venture undertaking among Imperial Oil Resources Limited; CNOOC Oil Sands Canada; Sinopec Oil Sands Partnership; and Suncor Energy Inc.
(with the Suncor interest held by Canadian Oil Sands Partnership #1 and Suncor Energy Ventures Partnership, both wholly owned affiliates of Suncor Energy Inc.). ’78 MBA,
Alumni
learners, n, Ont.
Association,
read more on page find
Rachel Persad,
ld28. You
Associate Vice-Preside
Syncrude-Jessica Ad-NewTrail.indd 1 11/14/19 1:22 PM
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’46 BEd. She self-published Experimental Farm during
it can
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Editor’s note:
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Alumni Relations
creativ
A Autumn 2020 After publishing an
Warm Memories from
Augustana t and
solutionssearch
sick, but wesev
Reflecting ns. best Matthew Hebert, Kelly Spencer, image created
ear come when issue, grads
’97 BA, ’19 MA
aboutlions
on this makes
en-y a Cold Day
’05 BA by Ella
me think ask good have
written in May Walker
the Threshmil our alumn
Executive Director,
questi Business In the 1930s,
i in ide the
ons, wheth to share bits in the My wife and
us. er our
Alumni and Donor
inquiries
virbats women who
Relations and pieces
oldImp rit. Ins
tend toward
Denise Prefontaine I have many
protecttery
, ’86 BA(RecAdm were a few were marrie about the memories happy
Mentoring culpact tomys in), ’95 MBA Sean Price, ’95 BCom artist’s life.
Venture
Service (VMS)iden tify a people around or how
Campus Saint-Jean
Dean of Students
exceptions
Eleanor Silver and Ella May d were often not allowe particular
of the U of
A. There is
of A grads,to program.
Thomas Pomerleau,
from the hepati the Keeping, Walker was d incident that one
In VMS, U world one. Her story, to work. But there
’18 BCom, André Costopoulos
tis C virus ’18 Cert(Leader Canadian ’23 BSc, ’24 wanted to I have always
this book in 1995 and sadly the Second World War. Later
ship)
I’m proud (page 18). university) MSc, (one tell
es to
faculty and and the stories
staff who children manyothers. I have told
Dean of Students
run their to be part Dentistry
Mandy Quon, ’06 Designate were brough and playw of the first
at it tak
own comm of an alumn Brian McPherson, t alive in the right Elsie women to of it to my
receive coachi businesses unity that i BA
details this Park Gowan teach scienc times, and
And wh bel Prize.
’78 BSc, ’83 DDS 1996 book
wonders, my grandc
ng and mento and turns , ’30 BA, ’82 e at a hildren when I shall tell it to
Graduate Students’ story about
from experi curiosity seeks Education Meet the LLD
rship Mohd Tahsin Bin Association packed up Walker: She Aunts. The
enced into real chang fictionalized (Honorary), I was comin they are older.
Dean Wood, ’72
her car and
earn a No
Claire Theak entrepreneurs.
MEd, ’91 PhD Mostafa wanted to g out of the
e. Engineering Students’ Union cent. She her two young meet a famou account building in chemistry
is a VMS alumn er-Brown, ’08 BA, Heather Raymo Christian Fotang stayed with sons and s Mexican the winter
Ken Coburn, ’79 relatives made the artist, so of
term as presid nd finished her I slipped
and fell, hitting 1969-70, when
BSc(MechEng) along the
Shanghai, a. While living Extension way, met trip withou she
in ent of the t spending
died in 2004; she would be in her career, she worked
she saw first-h Association Alumni Vacant the artist a metal edge my head on
the deman and how and then of one of the
on May 31. headed home. I got up, I the
noticed that steps. When
d for –Ellen Schoeck
clothing create mass-produced new presid Meet your Graduate Studies
, ’72 BA(Hons),
ent, Tyler Dinu Philip Alex, ’77 MA, Edmont profusely I was bleedi
Hanson,
workers and d low wages for ’00 BSc(M ’06 MSc
echEng), on on from a deep ng
low-quality page 50.
Kinesiology, Sport,
forehead. cut on my
Amy MacKinnon, and Recreation Suddenly,
goods ’03 BPE MORE ONLI took my lab a student
Law NE Find these coat, appeared,
Alexander Yiu, stories and it on my forehe rolled it up and
’03 BA, ’06 LLB put
more at ualbe waved down ad laceration. He
thrilled to know that it was with a spectrometer on
rta.ca/new a cab, got then
trail. told the driver to take in with me
and
GETTY IMAGES
Hospital. us to the
He took me U of
Heather Raymo department into the emerg A
president, nd, ’82 BEd, and got me ency
alumni associa ’86 Dip(Ed) treated. By registered
JOHN ULAN
, ’95 MEd, the and
tion ’02 PhD he had alread time I had the stitche
being referenced in 2021. My pieces of downed planes to
y left, and s,
2 again. I did I never saw
PHOTOS
ualberta.ca/ne
wtrail not know him
looked like, his name
so I could or what he
PHOTO BY
my subseq not thank
him. In
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the recipie at the U of
A Readin nt of many A, I
Crack the
g List for
Fresh Perspe and genero acts of kindne was
sity from
spine and
open your
ctives Fact or Fiction strangers. staff, studen ss
grandmother drove down discover what caused the
mind. Scientist-app ? And ts and
student who I shall not forget
you spot roved tips
help helped me the
counterfeit day in front on
claims. of the chemi that winter
stry buildin
–Joseph g. Kwok, ’71
BSc, ’75 MD,
Toronto
to Mexico City with her two crashes. There are many
newtrail spring
2021 3
sons, Jim Walker, ’40 BSc, fascinating stories of her
The Anatomy of Kindness
’42 BSc(ChemEng), and Wilf solving mysteries, including
Walker, ’46 BSc, to meet the one involving shoe polish on
famous Mexican muralist, a parachute and another with
Diego Rivera. paint peeled from buildings.
Reading the Spring 2021 issue, I realized the –Katie Walker, ’80 BA, Edmonton – Shar Levine, ’74 BA, Vancouver
letter “Warm Memories from a Cold Day” was
written by a colleague from my orthopedic
surgery residency at the U of A — Joseph Kwok,
’71 BSc, ’75 MD. After a trip to Hong Kong in 1977,
Physics: Missing in Action
In 1947, my family moved from Halifax to Edmonton. I had
he brought me a paperback copy of an anatomy completed one year at Dalhousie University. On registration
textbook — unsolicited on my behalf — that day for the fall 1947 term, I arrived at the registrar’s office,
became my go-to text throughout my professional only to be told that I could not enter the U of A because my
life and remains a precious classic in my library high school transcript showed only one science — the U of A
today. It was an example of thoughtful generosity. needed two. My father stormed up to confront the registrar to
no avail. I had to go back to high school and collect a science
Joe’s story of receiving kindness from an
course in physics. I graduated in 1951 with a bachelor of fine
anonymous student was reciprocated towards me. arts degree, which came out in the early computers as B.FArts!
Since reading that letter, I have renewed contact –Jocelyn Pritchard, ’51 BA, Vancouver
with my old friend and colleague from the U of A.
–Norgrove Penny, ’71 BSc(Med), ’73 MD, Victoria
Blast It All
Dan wrote in to share his answer to the Small Talk prompt from the Spring
2021 issue: What was your “aha” moment?
MORE ONLINE As a second-year petroleum engineering student, a mining
Find these stories and more professor asked me why I would drill a hole and not fill it with
at ualberta.ca/newtrail. explosives. I quickly changed my major to mining engineering
and I’ve been blowing up things ever since!
–Dan Veldhuis, ’89 BSc(MiningEng), Stony Plain, Alta.
IN MEMORIAM
New Trail would like to acknowledge the passing of
Arlene Christie, ’82 BEd, last year. Arlene was a longtime
contributor to the magazine, regularly submitting
obituaries for U of A grads. She played an enormous role
What Has a Nobel Prize
in documenting history and keeping grads informed
Ever Done for You?
Become a Better Treaty Person Having all-star researchers about their classmates. We will miss her cheerful
Learn how a better understanding of on board attracts students handwritten notes.
the treaties can benefit us all. and boosts the economy.
newtrail winter 2021 3
UALBERTA .C A /NE W TR AIL
Supervising Editors
Lisa Cook, Jennifer Pascoe, ’02 BA(Hons), ’18 MA
Editor
Karen Sherlock
Senior Associate Editor
Mifi Purvis, ’93 BA
Creative Direction & Design
Marcey Andrews
Staff Writer
Lisa Szabo, ’16 BA
Editorial Intern
Sharsvarnee Kundasawmy
Senior Photographer
John Ulan
Copy Editor/Fact Checker
Therese Kehler
Proofreader
Philip Mail
Digital Imaging Specialist
David Vasicek
Advisory Board
Anne Bailey, ’84 BA; Rhonda Kronyk, ’04 BA(Hons),
’07 MA; Sean Price, ’95 BCom; Karen Unland, ’94 BA
CONTACT US
Email (Comments/Letters/Class Notes):
newtrail@ualberta.ca
Call: 780-492-3224; 1-800-661-2593
Mail: Office of Advancement, University of Alberta,
Third Floor, Enterprise Square, 10230 Jasper Ave.,
Edmonton, AB T5J 4P6
Instagram & Twitter: @UAlbertaAlumni
Facebook: UAlberta Alumni
Address Updates: 780-492-3471; 1-866-492-7516
or alumrec@ualberta.ca
TO ADVERTISE
Email: newtrail@ualberta.ca
This University of Alberta Alumni Association magazine is
published twice a year. It is mailed to more than 130,000
alumni and friends. The views and opinions expressed in
the magazine do not necessarily represent the views of the
University of Alberta or the U of A Alumni Association. All
material copyright ©. New Trail cannot be held responsible
for unsolicited manuscripts or photographs.
ISSN: 0824-8125 Copyright 2021
Publications Mail Agreement
No. 40112326
If undeliverable in Canada, return to:
Office of Advancement,
University of Alberta, Third Floor,
Enterprise Square, 10230 Jasper Ave.
Edmonton, AB T5J 4P6
Printed in Canada
The University of Alberta respectfully acknowledges that we
are situated on Treaty 6 territory, traditional lands of First
Nations and Métis people.
4 ualberta.ca/newtrail
notes
w h at ’ s n e w a n d n o t e w o r t h y
Hands-on Learning
ben strelkov takes part in field school with other students in forestry
and environmental and conservation sciences. The 50-year tradition has
shifted from a three-week camp to 10 one‑day field trips, in part to make it
more accessible and decrease the cost for students. To further reduce barriers,
Fifty-year tradition of private donors and the forest industry have given to a new U of A fund that
forestry field school gets a
PHOTO BY JOHN ULAN
aims to eventually cover all field school fees for forestry students. “Learning
makeover, becoming more in the field is absolutely critical for students, says Ellen Macdonald, professor
accessible to students in the Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences. “There’s just
nothing that can replace experiencing an ecosystem real-time.” Students learn
how to measure trees, navigate with a GPS, collect and identify soil and plants,
and other skills that are in high demand in the industry. –niall mckenna
newtrail winter 2021 5
} notes
development and production
15
NUMBERS
to take place within the
province, says MacIsaac.
The venture will spur
HEALTH economic investment,
A Plan to Prevent predicts Lorne Tyrrell,
’64 BSc, ’68 MD, founder and
Drug Shortages director of the Li Ka Shing
Institute of Virology at the
Goal of new partnership is to create a facility
U of A. “Creating a new drug
that can produce critical drugs in Canada Minutes it takes to deactivate the
is complex and expensive,” SARS-CoV-2 virus on a disposable
mask at 65 C in proper lab
a new partnership is poised to help ensure Canadians can says Tyrrell. “But if successful, conditions. A U of A team helped
access the drugs they need rather than being at the mercy of the payoff can be huge.” discover this safe way to sterilize
the global supply chain. In December, the Alberta masks for reuse, a boon when
sterilization equipment is limited.
The University of Alberta’s Li Ka Shing Applied Virology government committed
Institute has partnered with an industry-led Edmonton non- $55.1 million to support
profit to create the Canadian Critical Drug Initiative (CCDI). U of A research and facilities
NUTRITION
The goal of CCDI is to build a facility in Edmonton to produce for vaccine development,
70 million vials a year of small-molecule drugs — such as including ways to prevent CHILDREN’S POOR
propofol, a common anesthetic — which represent the majority and treat COVID-19. DIETS AN ‘INVISIBLE
of drugs administered in the country. The university has been a PANDEMIC’
“Small-molecule drugs are the backbone of the health- Canadian leader in COVID-19 The COVID-19 pandemic has
care system,” says Andrew MacIsaac, CEO of Applied research, attracting more underscored the need to
Pharmaceutical Innovation, the university’s new partner. than $30 million in federal address poor diets in Alberta,
“The facility will have a number of critical drugs on standby, rapid response funding says an annual report on
with the ability to fill supply gaps across Canada if needed.” and publishing 121 papers children’s nutrition.
within the first year of the The report card assessed
The initiative also has the potential to produce drugs
the nutritional environment
for clinical trials, allowing the entire cycle of research, pandemic. –niall mckenna for young people based on
40 key indicators, including the
cost of nutritious food and the
availability of healthy options in
recreational facilities.
The province’s grade fell
from a C in the past two years
to a D in 2021, in part because
of the limits placed on people
during the pandemic and the
interruption of school and
daycare meals, says Kim Raine,
distinguished professor in the
U of A School of Public Health
and primary investigator of the
2021 Alberta Nutrition Report
Card on Food Environments for
Children and Youth.
Poor diet can contribute
to chronic diseases such as
diabetes, heart disease and some
cancers and is second only to
PHOTO BY RYAN WHITEFIELD, ’10 BA
tobacco as a risk for premature
death in Canada, she says, but
public health policies can do
much to improve nutrition.
NEW ANTI-VIRUS PROTECTION Engineering professor Rafiq Ahmad, above, and Emanuel Martínez “Prevention requires
Villanueva, a master’s student who came to the U of A by way of Mexico’s Tecnológico de Monterrey, improving food environments and
have designed a mobile respirator to protect frontline workers from COVID-19. Called PROPOS, it ensuring there’s an opportunity
combines a snorkelling mask with hoses linked to a special battery-powered fan and filter system. for kids to make healthy choices,”
The system has not yet been approved for use in medical settings but Ahmad believes it could she says. “It’s something that
protect essential workers in industry or schools. “If there is any further pandemic or if there is a we’re all responsible for.”
new pandemic,” he says, “we should be ready for that kind of mass production.” –michael brown –gillian rutherford
6 ualberta.ca/newtrail
INDUSTRY
Fly-In, Fly-Out Work
Takes a Mental Toll
Workers who fly in and out of
Alberta’s oilsands have poorer
mental health than the general
population, a U of A report
suggests.
Thousands of workers
commute from within the
province and across the
country, staying in camps to
work on nearby projects on
rotations of six to 21 days.
In one of the first such
studies in Canada, U of A
sociologist Sara Dorow’s
team worked with the Fort
McMurray non-profit Critical
Incident Stress Management
for Communities to survey
72 workers about wellness.
Study participants reported
poor general mental health and
high incidences of work-related
stress and diagnosed long-term
health conditions, says Dorow.
They also cited relationship
strain, loneliness, poor sleep
and stress from being away
from home for extended
periods, including missing
significant events.
Participants indicated
AN EVOLUTIONARY GEM A 100-million-year-old crab discovered in a piece of amber jewelry is avoiding the use of health
helping to unlock the evolutionary history of the crustaceans. Found in a market in Tengchong, resources at the work site
China, the two-millimetre-long creature is the most complete crab fossil ever discovered. “There is a due to fear of layoffs, loss of
lot of excitement about crab evolution because evolution has produced crab-like forms many times reputation and lost wages.
independently,” says researcher Javier Luque, ’18 PhD. Comparing other fossils with this ancient cousin Dorow says she hopes the
demonstrates that marine crabs have evolved to live on land and in fresh water more than 12 times research will raise awareness,
since crabs first diversified and started evolving their characteristic body forms. –michael brown lead to more research and
prompt changes in the
industry. –geoff mcmaster
WORKPLACE
HOW TO KEEP BURNOUT AT BAY QUOTED
Unlike stress, workplace burnout is a persistent feeling of exhaustion that’s accompanied by “Ageism has been
cynicism and a sense of detachment, says Michelle Inness, an assistant dean and associate described by other
professor in the Alberta School of Business. Not only does burnout affect productivity, it
can spill into an employee’s personal life and harm their mental health. “What happens to us
scholars as the last
at work can help facilitate or undermine our well-being,” she says. Managers can do more ‘ism’ that is socially
than just hope employees are resilient enough to cope. Here are ways to make the work accepted. It’s subtle
environment more supportive. –sharsvarnee kundasawmy
and insidious in
societies around
DON’T MICROMANAGE FOSTER FRIENDSHIPS TALK ABOUT IT
A lack of control over work is Positive relationships can Encourage open lines of
the world.”
PHOTO BY LIDA XING
stressful. People want to be help mitigate burnout, while communication so employees
able to make decisions about toxic talk can fan its flames. can talk to you about their work. Sherry Dahlke, associate professor
how they prioritize tasks. Give Address and resolve workplace Treating employees with dignity in the Faculty of Nursing, has
developed online training for
employees a manageable conflicts promptly and pursue and showing appreciation for nursing students about caring
workload and trust them to positive interactions their work can help create the for older patients in an effort
juggle their responsibilities. with employees. trust required for openness. to reduce age-related bias
newtrail winter 2021 7
} notes
ARCHEOLOGY
RESEARCHER HELPS
SET PROTOCOLS
FOR SAMPLING
ANCIENT DNA
An international team including
a U of A bioarcheologist
has helped develop the first
guidelines for sampling DNA
from ancient remains.
Elizabeth Sawchuk,
’08 BA(Hons), ’12 MA, first
got involved in ancient
DNA research as part of her
archeological research in Africa.
She was dismayed to find there
were no universal protocols for
sampling ancient remains.
After seeing how much
damage DNA sampling can
cause, she co-wrote an article
on the topic in 2018 that was
cited extensively.
“Human remains provide a
unique source of information on
the past that we can’t access
through other archeological
materials,” says Sawchuk, a
Banting post-doctoral fellow
in the U of A Department of
tear the mothers’ muscles Anthropology.
WOMEN’S HEALTH and ligaments and damage “More importantly, they are
Risk of Injury From Forceps the nerves of their pelvic
floors, says Schulz.
people who used to be alive
and who may have descendants
Births Much Higher in Canada Such injuries can lead to today who care a lot about
them,” she adds.
immediate and long-term
Authors of study into first-time vaginal births Sawchuk joined researchers
complications, including
note such injuries can have severe consequences from 31 countries to develop
poor healing, infection, the global guidelines. The team
canada has a high rate of forceps use during childbirth chronic pain, sexual outlined “strong and universally
and a correspondingly high number of preventable injuries to dysfunction, bladder or applicable” best practices,
mothers, says an international team of experts. bowel incontinence and including engaging with
Their study calls for a reduction in the number of births by pelvic organ prolapse, says relevant stakeholders such as
descendant communities. The
forceps in Canada to reduce anal sphincter injuries. Schulz, who is a member of
guidelines were published in the
The researchers analyzed nearly two million birth the Women and Children’s journal Nature.
records from Canada, Norway, Sweden and Austria of Health Research The team also wants to
first-time births or first vaginal birth after C-section. Institute and also ensure data are made available
About one in four of these births in Canada and For more on works with the to allow re-examination by other
Norway in 2016 used forceps, the researchers these and other pelvic floor researchers, “so we don’t have
great U of A to destroy more bones than we
found, but Canadian mothers had a much higher clinic at the Lois
research stories, need to and can avoid sampling
rate of injury: 24.3 per cent of them compared Hole Hospital the same individuals and sites,”
visit folio.ca.
with 6.2 per cent of Norwegian mothers had third- for Women in says Sawchuk, the only Canadian
or fourth-degree tears to the perineum (the area Edmonton. co-author on the project .
between the vagina and the anus). The study’s The guidelines will be freely
“We’re not doing well compared to these countries with authors recommend available to curators, geneticists,
similar social demographics and health-care services,” says improving education for archeologists and the public
Jane Schulz, ’90 BSc(Med), ’92 MD, chair of obstetrics and clinicians and providing and have been translated into
multiple languages to help get
GETTY IMAGES
gynecology in the Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, who was better information to
the message out.
Canadian co-principal investigator in the study. expectant mothers about all “I do believe they will have a
Shaped like a pair of tongs, forceps go around the babies’ the options before birth. long-lasting, positive impact.”
heads to help guide them out of the birth canal. But forceps can –gillian rutherford –geoff mcmaster
8 ualberta.ca/newtrailStructural barriers such as a lack of
diversity among advocates can prevent
Black students from studying STEM and
STUDENTS business and from building sustainable
careers in those fields, says engineering
A New Approach professor and ELITE program director
André McDonald. But it was the “mental
Black students learn tools
barrier” facing Black students that most
to pursue career goals
inspired him to launch the program.
in high school biology class, Imani “Someone can always work hard
Murray fell in love with the brain. Next, and come up with creative strategies to
she set her sights on pursuing her dream overcome systemic barriers,” he says.
career: becoming a neurosurgeon. “But if you, yourself, don’t think you can
As a third-year physiology student, do it, forget about it.”
she was able to apply her passion and So far, 38 high school and undergrad
studies for the first time through a new students have had paid internships in
work-integrated U of A program: the science, technology, engineering and Free Lectures
Experiential Learning in Innovation, mathematics (STEM) and business fields. Live & On Demand
Technology, and Entrepreneurship During the eight- to 16-week program,
(ELITE) Program for Black Youth. students also receive wellness coaching
As an ELITE intern last summer, she and learn entrepreneurial skills in Develop leadership skills for an
worked in the U of A’s Neuromuscular collaboration with Startup Edmonton. altered present with the Peter
Control & Biomechanics Laboratory, Tinashe Muzah, a third-year finance Lougheed Leadership College.
helping to develop a wearable sensor to student in the Alberta School of Business
let people living with multiple sclerosis who was placed at Sysco Canada, says a
receive treatment remotely. highlight has been the connections with Recorded on September 30, 2021
Murray says she has had few Black
role models as she pursued her dream.
other students and the encouragement
from the ELITE steering council.
IAN CHISHOLM
She has never had a person of colour as “It’s definitely something I haven’t
a teacher since moving from Jamaica to had before: mentors who understand the Recorded on October 14, 2021
DIGIT MURPHY
Edmonton in junior high, and when she specific nuances of the Black experience
goes to the doctor, the person treating in a professional sense,” says Muzah, an
her rarely looks like her. aspiring lawyer. –kate black, ’16 ba
Recorded on November 25, 2021
LORNE TYRRELL
Watch live on February 3, 2022
JESSE LIPSCOMBE
Watch live on March 3, 2022
PATRICIA MAKOKIS
(From left) ELITE program student Severino Asumu, professor Sedami Gnidehou, student Yanela
Gonzalez Sanchez, professor André McDonald and student Imani Murray
Watch live on April 7, 2022
KRISTIN NEFF
QUOTED
PHOTO BY RYAN WHITEFIELD, ’10 BA
“Just as your thermostat regulates
the temperature in your house, why
can’t there also be sonic regulation?”
Music professor Michael Frishkopf hopes to create a “smart” sound system that uses
machine learning to customize calming sounds for individual patients in intensive
care, based on their heart rate, breathing and other physiological feedback
newtrail winter 2021 9} continuing education
Learning doesn’t end when you accept your degree. We are all lifelong learners, whether we pursue lessons
in a class or a lecture hall — or these lessons pursue us. Curtis Gillespie, ’85 BA(Spec), reflects on the
continuing opportunities for education that life throws our way, sometimes when we least expect them.
added a wool sweater to the one I was
already wearing. Then I pulled on ski
pants. Then I slipped my feet into boots.
Then I donned my Arctic-rated down
parka. After that, I drew a balaclava over
my head and added another tuque on
top of that. Finally, I pulled on my down-
filled mittens and tightened their straps
over my forearms. I glanced in the mirror
and saw what resembled a cross between
a moon walker and a deep-sea diver.
Or little Randy Parker.
My arms jutted out at my sides at
60‑degree angles. The dog was sitting
by the front door staring at this strange
creature who had taken 15 minutes to get
ready for a walk. I waddled towards him
and he gave me a confused look, unsure
whether I was about to take him outside
or smother him in pillowy hugs. Only
then I realized I had to take off one of my
gloves to get his leash secured and lock
the door behind us, a process that took
another couple of minutes.
Outside, the cold hit us like a knife.
The icy air needled its way to the tips
of my lungs. It felt good only because
every other part of my body was cosy
and warm. We trundled around the
neighbourhood and returned after only
15 minutes because the poor dog began
to hop from foot to foot to avoid contact
with the frozen turf. We got back inside
the house and as I began to unlayer, a
strange sensation overtook me. It was
like I was being inhabited by a presence
while remaining totally conscious of it,
the way alien abductees talk about their
Let It Snow experiences.
I realized, almost with horror, that
I kind of like winter. High time, because
O
IT’S WINTER. IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE COLD, AND I’VE FINALLY LEARNED TO LIKE IT there are only two seasons in Edmonton:
winter and waiting for winter.
ne of my favourite seasonal movies is A Christmas Story, in which It’s fair to say that I went through a
ILLUSTRATION BY KELLY SUTHERLAND
nine-year-old Ralphie Parker pines for the gift of a Red Ryder BB phase — a four-decade phase — where
gun. It’s a simple and hilarious movie about 1940s family life in the I didn’t really like winter. It was more a
white American suburbs, though many scenes were shot in southern slow escalation than a sudden dislike.
Ontario. One scene that always makes me laugh is when Ralphie’s First it was irritation with the end
mother swaddles his younger brother, Randy, in so many layers of of golf season and November being
winter clothing that he cannot lower his arms to his sides. On his way to school he a blah month. Then it became the
falls in a snowdrift, can’t get up and has to be righted by Ralphie and his pals. post-Christmas “three more months
Most winters I feel a bit like little Randy Parker. of this?” blues. Then it was the feeling
One afternoon last winter during an Edmonton cold snap caused by a polar vortex, of being trapped in February, the
I decided to take the dog for a walk. First, I put on long underwear, then jeans. Then I shortest month, which has always felt
10 ualberta.ca/newtrailby Curtis Gillespie
the longest. At some point, I began to where I’m using this platform to wax Scottsdale for three or four months
despise March for the way it threw poetic about winter boots, but here we every winter to avoid slippery sidewalks
us a wintry curveball just as we were are. I can live with it. I mean, Marcel and car seats that feel like ice‑cave
desperate for spring. Proust wrote a 1,300-page book about benches. I’m supposed to want to have
But then about seven or eight years a cookie. Whereas once I didn’t like a condo in a gated community and a
ago I started playing hockey with some to walk the dog in the winter, now golf cart to drive from my garage to the
friends at the local outdoor rink. We I can’t wait to get out and kick my course. I’m supposed to sit on a patio
play on nice evenings once a week. Some way through snowdrifts. I’ve even where I can nap in the late afternoon
nights it’s simply magical, being able to started to enjoy shovelling snow, before awaking to a cocktail and the
look up at the stars as you lie flat on your though I’ll hide this column from my setting sun over the desert horizon …
back after being hacked to the ice by a wife, otherwise she’ll be quoting me OK, I’ll stop because that’s actually
friend you’ll be spearing in the ribs five after future massive snow dumps. starting to sound pretty good.
minutes hence. “I thought you said you enjoyed it?!” But I think all of the above has to do
Then my wife began to encourage Before Christmas last year I had my with something broader than feeling
me to cross-country ski more often. second Damascene experience, which insulated for a change. It’s about feeling
We started making trips to Jasper and while not a religious revelation was a sense of order to the world, ephemeral
Hinton just to cross-country ski. I still nevertheless powerful. I’m embarrassed as that might be. I don’t like it when
measure the success of any such outing to admit that it took me nearly three it’s above freezing in January. That
by only one metric, which is whether decades of marriage to figure it out. My isn’t what my part of the planet should
I fall or not. I’m the only person I wife likes to keep the bedroom window feel like. It’s supposed to be cold. We’re
know who has broken a cross‑country open to allow for the passage of fresh supposed to bundle up. We’re supposed
ski pole — twice — through sheer air. This is logical and healthy, except for to feel our nasal hairs cracking. We’re
clumsiness. As I’ve become less the fact that she follows this principle supposed to listen to weather forecasters
dangerous to myself and others, I’ve 365 days a year. During last February’s tell us how little time it will take for
begun to enjoy the beauty of nature in cold snap, when the nightly wind chill exposed flesh to freeze. That’s winter.
winter. The silence of the winter forest was hitting -50 C, our bedroom window People cycling in shorts in January
holds a hush, a waiting, a husbanding remained open. There were mornings is not winter. Although I don’t think
of energy. The dark green is intensely I’d be able to see my breath. Getting “enjoyment” is the right word to describe
beautiful against the white backdrop undressed and into bed at night had living and thriving in a cold-weather
of the winter. become a kind of game to see how few environment, it at least seems normal.
The tagline for Game of Thrones was seconds it took me to doff my clothes And normal feels pretty good these days.
“Winter is coming.” Yeah, tell me about and get between the sheets to avoid Maybe it’s about childhood. We all feel
it. What’s the big deal? White walkers? succumbing to frostbite. a certain nostalgia and even comfort for
Please. I see worse than that every time In December 2019, I happened to be the times and emotions of our childhood.
I take the dog out. I’m ready and eager shopping online when I saw an ad for Mine was all about hot, dry summers
for it. There are two specific events that electric blankets. A light bulb went off, and cold, snowbound winters. Climate
tipped the scales, that forever changed an electric bulb. I could buy an electric change has altered that equation such
the winter equation from endurance to blanket! I could put it on our bed! I could that we now have milder, less snowy
enjoyment. I can precisely identify each be warm at night! winters in Edmonton, coupled with
event, to the moment. As discoveries go, it’s not quite more humid, stormier summers.
I even have the receipts. stumbling upon the lost tombs of the That’s not a climate change trade-
The first came two years ago when pharaohs, but it has changed my life. off I love. I want the climate to change
I bought a pair of serious, big, tall, Now I switch on the blanket before bed back. Because there’s nothing wrong
pull-on, waterproof, insulated winter and by the time I slide under the cover with winter and I don’t know what
boots. It probably doesn’t matter it’s so warm and cosy that I’ll just lie I had against it for so long. And all it
what kind you buy, but mine are a there, grinning blissfully. Why it took really took in the end to bring about
well-known brand. (I really want to me decades to realize that there were the transformation was a good pair of
tell you what brand — but blame the such things as electric blankets I cannot boots and a cheap electric blanket.
PHOTO BY JOHN ULAN
editors, who won’t let me!) You’ll just explain. But the result is revelatory.
have to take my word for it when Freezing cold bedroom? Bring it on. In
I say that they have revolutionized fact, the colder the better, I say. I’m now Curtis Gillespie has written five books and earned
my relationship with winter. armed against it. seven National Magazine Awards. His New Trail
article “A Hard Walk” won gold for best article of
Perhaps it’s the nadir of my writing I know as I get older, I’m supposed 2018 from CASE, an international post-secondary
career that I have come to the stage to want to retire to Palm Springs or association.
newtrail winter 2021 11} speakingof
Some of our grads are at the centre of experiences others only read about. Their perspectives bring us
close to the story. Pegah Salari, ‘08 MBA, writes as a friend to passengers on Flight PS752 , which crashed
in January 2020 with no survivors. Ten members of the U of A community plus family were aboard. by Pegah Salari
I have come to know your sister, too.
She lives so far away, in Iran. She misses
you. I try to console her, but my words
To My Unknown Friend
I FEEL AS THOUGH I KNOW YOU, BUT THE ATTACK ON FLIGHT PS752
seem empty. She never asked how I
know you. It feels as though there is a
general understanding among all of us
who miss you. It does not matter if we
I
HAS ROBBED US OF THE CHANCE OF REAL FRIENDSHIP knew you before you were killed or not.
The only thing that matters is that we
truly wish I had never met you, not this way. It has been rough. You can’t know miss you.
this, but the first mental image I have of you is this: your two hands, clenched I have cried for you, Elnaz. I have
in fists — out of fear perhaps? Your hands, Elnaz, your wedding ring. You were shouted your name at rallies to demand
not there when your husband, Javad, told me about seeing you like this, in a justice for you. And in all of this, I
photograph of you taken after the crash. You see, the first time we met was a have made an image of you inside my
few weeks after you died. head. Piecing together little fragments
I truly wish I had never met you, and that you were still living a happy life of memories and thoughts of the
somewhere in this cold, beautiful city alongside the love of your life, holding your friendship we could’ve had.
baby, perhaps. It has been two years now, Elnaz. I
Ever since we met, it is as if I were piecing together fragments of memories of a have come to know you and others on
friendship we never had. Now I have been to your home, I’ve sat next to your orchids, that cursed flight. I think about your
looked into your eyes. I have learned so much about you — without ever actually hands, your stolen wedding ring — it still
meeting you. hasn’t been returned to Javad. You’d be
I have been trying to fathom this one-sided friendship I formed with you, but it happy to know about all the people who
hasn’t been easy. have stood by your husband in his fight
The first time I visited your home, I noticed your sneakers by the door. It was as if for justice.
you’d never left. I saw your note on the wall. “Take your shoes off, please,” you wrote. But I wish that we weren’t locked in
Of course, I obliged. But that note has been sitting on the wall since you left. It was this strange friendship. I wish I’d never
a simple message to the cleaners who were coming one day in your absence. Now it come to know you this way, that you
looks like a message from beyond. Javad has framed that note. were living a happy life somewhere in
We met too late, years too late. Do you know how many lunch breaks I took at the this city.
Alberta School of Business, wishing for a friend I could share my school experience We might have passed by each other.
with, someone who really understood what I was going through? Do you know how Who knows? Maybe someday we would
many days I sat outside the Tory Building, looking at the trees, feeling lost, wishing have met at an alumni event or through
there was someone like you in my program? I did my MBA at the business school a common friend. It didn’t have to be like
several years before you and Javad started your PhDs there. Somehow in my head, this, Elnaz.
the time difference doesn’t matter. I keep picturing us, sitting together, having lunch. For now, your memory stays alive in
And then I meet you, not only several years too late for a shared lunch, but also so the hearts of many, and there hasn’t been
late that I never got to see you alive. This is the strangest friendship! a moment when I felt our enthusiasm
Your husband Javad is now one of my good friends. We talk frequently. The ebbing in our fight to find the truth
pandemic made the world a difficult place. Being there for someone who is going about what happened to Flight PS752,
through a loss has never been so hard. You died on Jan. 8, 2020, along with the rest and to hold the responsible parties
of the passengers on Flight PS752, so many of whom had U of A connections. Two accountable.
months later, the whole world went into quarantine. But, my unseen friend, I wish I had
Still, we’re Iranian, and we remembered you on the 40th day after your death, never met you.
then on the 100th day, then at six months and finally a year. Everyone got together
outside of the Alberta Legislature Building to remember you on Jan. 8, 2021. It was Pegah Salari has lived in Edmonton since 2006,
a cold Edmonton night. Hundreds of little candles burned in your memory — you’d when she came to Canada as a student. She is an
executive leader in wholesale distribution. Pegah
have liked the candles, Elnaz. Neither the pandemic nor the January weather stopped volunteers for the Association of Families of Flight
people from showing up. PS752 and for the U of A’s Alumni Council. Elnaz
Nabiyi, ’20 PhD, earned her doctorate from the
You graduated in June, Elnaz! I watched your graduation online and pictured
PHOTO SUPPLIED
Alberta School of Business posthumously. The
what it would have been like if you had put on a graduation cap and gown for a photo Dear Elnaz Corp., a non-profit organization with
outside the Jubilee Auditorium. I pictured you throwing your cap in the air. I heard the mission to contribute to the educational
advancement of those in need, created a U of A
you laugh out loud, celebrating your hard work. All the effort you put into getting graduate scholarship to commemorate Elnaz
admitted to the University of Alberta in the first place, all your sleepless nights. and the rest of the victims of Flight PS752.
12 ualberta.ca/newtrailYou can also read
