UKRAINE: preparations and considerations on INDCs - Seminar on International Climate Negotiations
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Seminar on International Climate Negotiations UKRAINE: preparations and considerations on INDCs Berlin 13-14, November 2014
National policy context Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ratified Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part» on 16 September 2014 Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine by its Regulation of 17 September 2014 approved Action Plan on the implementation of the Association Agreement between the European Union and Ukraine
National policy context Association Agreement ENERGY COOPERATION ARTICLE 338 Mutual cooperation shall cover, among others, the following areas: (i) promotion of energy efficiency and energy savings, including through the establishment of energy efficiency policies and legal and regulatory frameworks, with the aim of achieving major improvements corresponding to EU standards, including efficient generation, production, transportation, distribution and use of energy, compatible with the functioning of market mechanisms, as well as the efficient utilisation of energy in appliances, lightings and buildings; (j) development of and support for renewable energies in an economic and environmentally sound manner, as well as alternative fuels, including sustainable biofuel production, and cooperation on regulatory issues, certification and standardisation as well as on technological and commercial development; (k) promotion of the Joint Implementation Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change of 1997 to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases through energy efficiency and renewable energy projects
National policy context Association Agreement ENVIRONMENT ARTICLE 361 Cooperation shall aim at preserving, protecting, improving, and rehabilitating the quality of the environment, protecting human health, prudent and rational utilisation of natural resources and promoting measures at international level to deal with regional or global environmental problems, inter alia in the areas of: (a) climate change ARTICLE 365 The cooperation shall cover, inter alia, the following objectives: (c) development and implementation of a policy on climate change, in particular as listed in Annex XXXI to this Agreement
National policy context Association Agreement ANNEX XXX Climate change and protection of the ozone layer Directive 2003/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Directive 96/61/EC as amended by Directive 2004/101/EC : adoption of national legislation and designation of competent authority/ies establishment of a system for identifying relevant installations and for identifying greenhouse gases (Annexes I and II) development of a national allocation plan to distribute allowances to installations (art. 9) establishment of a system for issuing greenhouse gas emissions permits and issuance of allowances to be traded domestically among installations in Ukraine (art. 4 and 11 - 13) establishment of monitoring, reporting, verification and enforcement systems and public consultations procedures (art. 9, 14 – 17, 19 and 21)
National policy context Association Agreement ANNEX XXXI Implementation by Ukraine of the Kyoto Protocol, including all eligibility criteria for fully using the Kyoto mechanisms Development of an action plan for long-term (i.e., post- 2012) mitigation of and adaptation to climate change Development and implementation of long-term measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases
National policy context Current Legal Framework Protocol concerning the Accession of Ukraine to the Treaty establishing the Energy Community (Ratified on 15 December 2010) In October 2012 Energy Community Ministerial Council took the Decision of MC of EnC D/2012/04/MC-EnC amending Article 20 of the Treaty that stipulates the implementation of Directive on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (2009/28/EC, RES Directive) Ukraine was committed to reach 11% of the energy consumption through renewable energy sources by 2020 Ukraine’s National Action Plan for Renewable Energy for the period up to 2020 was adopted on 1 October 2014
National policy context Current Legal Framework Law of Ukraine "On Basics (strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine till 2020" (adopted on 21 December 2010): optimization of the energy sector of the national economy by increasing the use of energy sources with low carbon dioxide emissions by 2015 for 10% and by 2020 for 20%; development of the basic policy framework for adaptation to climate change by 2015, development and phased implementation of a national action plan to mitigate climate change for the period to 2030; raising of energy efficiency by 25% up to 2015 and by 50% up to 2020 relative to the base year by implementing energy and resource conservation in energy-consuming sectors; increasing the use of renewable and alternative energy sources
National policy context Current Legal Framework Law of Ukraine of 20 November 2012 “On Amending the Law of Ukraine "On Electricity" in order to stimulate the production of electricity from alternative energy sources established “green tariff“ (feed-in tariff for electricity generated at the power plants with alternative energy) Environmental tax replaced environmental fees for pollution in 2011 Tax code introduced CO2 emissions tax: 0.22 UAH / tCO2 (around 0.022 Euro) in 2011 0.26 UAH / tCO2 (around 0.016 Euro) in 2014 (stationary sources of CO2 emissions mainly in power sector enterprises and processing industry (metal and coke production, chemical and petrochemical, cement, food industries) Сurrent tax rate does not provide sufficient incentive to reduce emissions
National policy context Current Legal Framework National Energy Strategy till 2030 (approved on 24 July 2013) Objectives: to improve energy security and energy efficiency to meet energy demand to increase GDP through efficient development of fuel and energy complex to reduce anthropogenic impact on environment Mechanisms: Elimination of natural gas import dependency though substantial increasing of domestic gas production (shale gas, coalbed methane, coal gasification) Realization of potential for energy efficiency and energy savings in industry and residential sectors Development of renewable sources of energy State Target Energy-Efficiency Program for 2010-2015, (approved on 1 March 2010)
National policy context Current Legal Framework Current political situation and economic challenges require amending the legislation relating to energy and climate change New projections need to be developed Economic Reforms Strategy is under consideration: •energy security and imported energy resources independence should be ensured •investment in energy efficiency and energy saving are of the top priority •industry and infrastructure should undergo changes especially for coal and petro-chemical industries, power plants and distribution infrastructure, industrial enterprises, and public and residential buildings Association Agreement is being implemented
Considerations on INDCs Mitigation Approach 1. •GDP per capita scenarios and forecasts •Energy consumption per capita scenarios and trends/trajectory •CO2 emissions per capita scenarios and trends/trajectory Approach 2. • GHG emissions intensity for various scenarios: sectoral, regional, per GDP, per gases •Energy intensity declining scenarios • GHG intensity per production unit (e.g. MWh or tonne)
Considerations on INDCs Mitigation Approach 3. • Balanced social and economic development indicators (e.g. World Bank Climate Change and Economy & Growth indicators) • Energy security (sustainable energy) • Low carbon development scenarios • Equity and suppressed demand principle
Adaptation Adaptation to climate change should be a key element of the 2015 Agreement Activities on planning and implementation of national adaptation measures should be strengthened Adaptation measures should be mandatory component for national and sectoral development plans/programs International cooperation across all elements of adaptation policies with the accumulation and synthesis of the information and knowledge about the best available tools and practices should be enhanced Cooperation on adaptation between EU and Ukraine is expected to be strengthened under the Association Agreement, in particular in a trans-boundary context (climate change modeling, systematic observations, early warning systems etc.)
Public consultation UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, usually known as the Aarhus Convention, was ratified on 6 July 1999 Platform for public consultation Public Councils under each Ministry and other central and local governmental bodies NGO’s Working Group on Climate Change
Cross-government coordination Internationally EU-Ukraine Working Group on Climate Change is expected to update its scope of work under the new conditions of the Association Agreement Nationally Inter-Agency Commission on implementation of Ukraine’s commitments under UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol established in 1999 should revise its mandate and membership
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