Trajectories en Maurienne - Premiers résultats et perspectives Nicolas Buclet & Aurélie Chamaret
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Trajectories en Maurienne
Premiers résultats et perspectives
Nicolas Buclet & Aurélie Chamaret
en Maurienne
TRAJECTORIES
■ Projet de recherche financé par l’IDEX Grenoblois (1,7M€)
■ 2017-2021
■ 150 chercheurs impliqués : interdisciplinarité
■ Financement de 15 doctorants et post-doctorants
■ 3 territoires : vallées de la Maurienne, de l’Arve et Pays de la Meije :
co-construction de la connaissance
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en Maurienne
LES IDÉES FORTES DU PROJET
■ Mettre en évidence à la fois l'évolution et les interactions entre
activités humaines (industrie, agriculture, tourisme…) et
environnement.
► Etude des trajectoires passées et futures : prospective territoriale
► Effet du changement climatique & adaptation
► Interactions Homme / Nature : bénéfices issus de la Nature
3
en Maurienne
Julia
Grosinger
Claire
Blanchet Taline
Zgheib
Nicolas
Elleaume
Raphaël
Lachello
Martin
Ménégoz
Michela
Myriam Bevione
Donsimoni
Master
Magali IDT2
Talandier
en Maurienne Perspectives
en Maurienne
THIS WEEK TASTE Savour the WORLD VIEW How farmers YELLOWSTONE More CO-PRODUCTION DE
EDITORIALS flavour of a gene-edited transformed climate- endangered than your
LA RECHERCHE
tomato p.8 science project p.9 average bear p.13
Power to the people
Everyone gains when researchers partner with the public and policymakers. The knowledge
generated is more likely to be useful to society and should be encouraged. ■ Co-production de la recherche =
construire la recherche avec tous les
F
ew sign up to science for a glamorous lifestyle, colossal salary or work can be included as an author (see go.nature.com/2pocpux).
generous dental plan. They do it to gain insights and knowledge Most of all, co-production requires individual scientists to see the
and, they hope, to make the world a better place. Too often,
that last objective proves hard to achieve — not because of uncaring
opportunities and to want to take advantage of them.
The growth in political populism and rising public dissatisfaction
acteurs ayant un intérêt dans le sujet (tout
researchers living in ivory towers, but because the way in which some
types of study are done and rewarded does not set the correct priorities.
with policies some people see as excluding their interests have made
it more important for researchers to produce
“Co-production — and to be seen to produce — research that
le processus)
That needs to change.
Enter co-production: full involvement in research by people who is better for is both beneficial and relevant to society.
hope to benefit from the work, in partnership with communities, society. It also Efforts to do so are overdue. The onus is on
leads to better
policymakers and other members of the public. Popular since the
1970s among sociologists as a way to help set inclusive policy, the research.”
researchers and those who support them
to put systems in place to encourage more ■ En réponse à des enjeux sociétaux de
term — and the principle — is spreading throughout academic collaborations.
science. As we highlight in a special issue this week, a growing
number of projects are adopting the approach and working with
If ivory-tower scientists did cut themselves off from the problems
of the world in the past (and multiple lines of evidence over decades
plus en plus complexes
such groups to jointly carry out research. And ‘jointly’ applies at across medicine, engineering, technology, agriculture and dozens of
all stages, from the project’s initial framing through to publication other fields suggest that many did not), then few can get away with
and follow-up. such an attitude now. Grant applications and project assessments ask
Co-production can take many forms. Climate scientists, for
example, are partnering with farmers to tailor projects to focus on
for explanations of the work’s probable societal impact, and commercial
funding frequently comes with a desired application as a goal.
■ Permet une recherche plus adaptée aux
their specific circumstances, such as the changes in precipitation that
are likely in a warming world. A World View on page 9 explores how
Co-production is better for society. It also leads to better research
— both technically, because it accounts for more factors, and ethically, besoins garantissant une meilleure
researchers worked with farmers in northeast Argentina to produce because it’s more equitable. That means it increases the chances of
forecast systems for local needs, on the basis of emerging climate
models and local knowledge of crop losses.
genuinely making the world a better place, because what emerges will
be more suitable for take-up. That’s something that everyone who cares
adoption des résultats
Clinicians, environmental researchers and many others are coming about research can sign up to. ■
to appreciate that there are crucial kinds of lived expertise that can
improve their studies.
Forgotten crime
Co-production is less suited to some scientific pursuits, but it can be
a powerful way to make results more relevant and practicable across a
spread of disciplines. Some call it science that is actionable. At present,
too much research done in the name of society is not used by society.
Instead it is paid for, produced and dutifully recorded, and then left The United States should not execute a
waiting for someone to come along and use it.
Co-production demands a different approach — from funders,
murderer who no longer remembers his offence.
who need to find flexible ways to include and pay for people who
I
work outside academia, to institutions, some of which appoint n 1985, Vernon Madison shot a police officer in the back of the
dedicated staff to negotiate and champion the sometimes-sensitive head while the officer sat in his car. It was a heinous crime for which
partnerships required. It needs better incentives: ones that recognize Madison has spent the past 33 years on death row, much of it in
that this work often takes time and doesn’t necessarily lead to high- solitary confinement.
profile papers and other conventional types of academic success, But Madison now doesn’t remember the Alabama shooting or the
but can produce outcomes that make a difference in the lives of the
people at the heart of the research. Also needed are better ways to
name of the officer — he can remember very little at all. Multiple
strokes in the past few years have wiped out parts of his brain involved
Edition spéciale de la revue Nature
analyse and measure the success of co-produced research (see Com-
ment, page 32). Publishers and journals can play a part; in one small
in memory and left him with vascular dementia. Madison’s lawyers have
appealed against his death sentence, and presented his case before the sur la co-production de la science / 4
step, for instance, US Supreme Court earlier this week.
CO-PRODUCTION OF RESEARCH Nature’s authorship
guidelines state that
The case raises complex philosophical, legal and ethical questions
about the purpose of the death penalty and what it means to truly under-
octobre 2018
A Nature special issue anyone who had a stand one’s own guilt. In taking the case, the court accepted the task of
nature.com/collections/coproduction
sufficient role in the deciding whether it is cruel and unusual to execute a violent murderer
4 O C T O B E R 2 0 1 8 | VO L 5 6 2 | NAT U R E | 7
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en Maurienne
CO-PRODUCTION DE LA RECHERCHE
Modèle sciento-centré Modèle hybride Modèle pratico-centré :
• Les scientifiques mènent leurs propres • Co-production de la recherche : formulation • Part des questions des territoires
recherches. conjointe des questions de recherche à la • Les chercheurs apportent des méthodes, des
• Les territoires apportent une aide logistique : valorisation données et des protocoles pour y répondre
terrain, données, personnel financement
D’après Arpin et al. (2018)
7en Maurienne
LA SUITE
■ Objectif :
► Etablir un collectif de co-construction de connaissances adaptées
aux besoins de la Maurienne
► Bénéficier des financements Trajectories pour préparer la suite
■ Forme :
► Constituer un groupe de personnes volontaires pour s’engager
dans un tel processus :
§ Construction des questions de recherche
§ Construction du programme de recherche (méthode, moyens techniques,
financiers…)
§ Production des connaissances
§ Valorisation des résultats
► Etablir ensemble les modalités du partenariat : contours, degré de
collaboration…
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