Traditional foods and sustainable diets: the traditional Mediterranean diet paradigm - Šibenik, CROATIA, 29 May - 1 June 2014 Antonia Trichopoulou ...
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Traditional foods and sustainable diets:
the traditional Mediterranean diet paradigm
Antonia Trichopoulou MD, PhD
Professor
Medical School, University of Athens
Hellenic Health Foundation
Šibenik, CROATIA, 29 May - 1 June 2014Mediterranean diet
Mediterranean diet and health
The link between traditional Mediterranean foods
and health benefitsThe MD can be thought of as having 9 characteristics: • high olive oil consumption • high consumption of legumes • high consumption of cereals • high consumption of fruits • high consumption of vegetables • moderate consumption of dairy products, mostly as cheese and yogurt • moderate to high consumption of fish • low consumption of meat and meat products • moderate wine consumption, if it is accepted by religion and social norms
OLIVE OIL COMPONENTS
• Major components: Fatty acids
Saturated (8-14%)
Monounsaturated (oleic acid 55-83%)
Polyunsaturated (4-20%)
• Minor components:
Squalene, Sterols, triterpenes
Vitamin E, Beta-carotene
Phenolic compounds (tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropeine,
lignanes).Phenolic compounds in virgin and refined
olive oils
Olive oil phenolic Extra virgin olive oil Refined olive oil
compounds mg/ Kg mg/ Kg
(±SEM) (±SEM)
Total olive oil phenolic 232 (±15) 62 (±12)
compounds
Source: Owen et al 2000The benefits of olive oil consumption are
becoming increasingly recognized.
2004, FDA……eating about 2 tablespoons (23
grams) of olive oil daily may reduce the risk of
coronary heart disease………Diet and overall survival in elderly people Trichopoulou et al. BMJ 1995
Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet
Primary End Point
(acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes)
Estruch & al. NEJM 2013A high degree of adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet has
been associated with a reduction in:
overall, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality and
the incidence of other diseases such as
neurodegenerative and diabetesThe traditional Mediterranean diet is associated
with longer survival
This could be partly attributed to
Mediterranean traditional foods
which this diet impliesRather than single foods or nutrients, a
global health dietary pattern could exert
protective effect
The combination of different types of food
with healthy characteristics might be
necessary to express their protective
potentialSummary of the description The Mediterranean Diet – from the Greek word diaita, lifestyle – is a social practice based on the set of skills, knowledge, practices and traditions ranging from the landscape to the cuisine, ……………… ………………is also manifested through related festivals and celebrations. These events become the receptacle of gestures of mutual recognition, hospitality, neighborliness, conviviality, intergenerational transmission and intercultural dialogue.
There is accumulating evidence that Mediterranean populations are departing from their traditional eating habits
These changes could be attributed - to the globalization of the food supply - the overall improvement in socioeconomic conditions in Europe - the wider availability of inexpensive poor nutritional quality foods (frequently of animal origin) - the urbanization of life style , which permeates the younger generations.
Question to the scientific community
Can we just wait for things to happen and wait to count
our losses
?It is almost universally accepted that the Mediterranean diet contributes to better health and longer survival The back bone of the Mediterranean diet are the traditional foods in the Mediterranean areas
Τraditional foods are generally considered healthy
However, the influence of the primary and composite
traditional foods on health should be substantiated by
scientific evidenceSTUDY OF TRADITIONAL FOODS IN GREECE
(1992 – Present)
Olive, in prehistoric linear Greek writing
To provide scientific evidence
on the effects of traditional foods on healthInorganic constituents
10000
Mediterranean menu
1000
EC daily recommendations
log(daily intake, mg)
1
100
10
1
K Fe Na Ca Mg Zn Cu Mn
1. Commission of the European Communities. Food-Science Techniques: Reports of the Scientific Committee
Trichopoulou et al. 2005 Diet diversification and health promotion. Forum Nutr.Basel, Karger
Thirty-first series), Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg,1993,pp 1-248Flavonoid content of green pies (mg/100g) and
selected beverages (mg/100ml)
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Quercetin Kaempferol Myricetin Apigenin Luteolin
Green pie Red wine Black tea Apple juice
Trichopoulou et al. Food Chemistry 2000The flavonol, flavone and flavan-3-ol content of a typical traditional serving of fava
complemented with "caper in casserole" sauce
40
35
30
25 Capers
mg / serving
Caper in casserole
20
Fava of Santorini
15
10
5
0
Fava
1
Source: Study of Traditional Greek foodsDietary short-term intake of a selected “healthy”
variety of Italian grain
seems to impose favourable biochemical changes in
healthy subjects,
with regard to
lower circulating levels of markers of atherosclerosis,
such as lipid parameters and haemorheological profile
Sofi et al. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009Nutrition claims: a potentially important tool for the
endorsement of Mediterranean traditional foods
Investigation of the potential of 194 traditional
Greek foods to bear nutrition claims
Vasilopoulou, Dilis &Trichopoulou.
Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2013.The average number of claims
per Greek traditional food was 5
Overall, about 1024 nutrition claims
were relevant for the 194 traditional foods studied
Of those claims, 529 were related to
vitamins and minerals“Countries, communities and cultures that maintain their own
traditional food systems
are better able
to conserve local food specialities with a corresponding
diversity of crop varieties and animal breeds.
They are also more likely to show a lower prevalence of diet-
related chronic diseases.
The Mediterranean diet offers a clear example”Importance of Studying Traditional foods
Potential health properties
Promotion of local biodiversity
Expression of culture, history and lifestyle
Development and economic sustainability
of rural areasCooking has been at the center of our diets
-As food systems are shifting, cooking
come under attack
-What are the costs of such changes?NOVA classification system
already been applied to data from more than 20 countries
Enables systematic attention to be paid
to industrial food processingContribution of foodstuffs classified by degree of industrial processing in
household in Greece
Food groups and food items % of total energy
Group 1:Unprocessed and minimally processed foods 26.2
Group 2: Processed culinary ingredients 41.3
Group 3: Ready-to-consume products 32.5
Processed products 7.4
Ultra-processed products 25.1
Source: DAFNE databankMarket power readily translates into political power. Few goverments prioritize health over big business Dr Margaret Chan Director-General of the World Health Organization
HECTOR
Eating Out:
Habits, Determinants, and Recommendations
http://www.hhf-greece.gr/hector.html
for Consumers and the European Catering SectorHealthy eating present business opportunities for
the catering sector
since
healthy eating is a current societal trend paralleled
with an increased demand for traditional, local and
seasonal foods.The focus could be on
seasonal foods
traditional options,
alternative dishes
local productsWill traditional diet Mediterranean diet survive ?
How can we preserve this knowledge for the future
generations?
Are we doing enough to support traditional
Mediterranean diet
rather
than continuously stating
how good this diet is.• Safeguard or reintroduce traditional foods
• Promote engagement of potential stakeholders, from nutrition
scientists to environmental experts, to culinary leaders
• Take steps to promote food biodiversity and sustainable
ecosystems
• Facilitate food sharing and eating together in a social group
such as a familyThank you for your attention
As individuals and
as members of social groups
we should do our best to transmit
the knowledge and the practice of
the traditional Mediterranean diet
to the generations to come
in order to ……………….Thank you for your attention
• Contribute to better health
• Preserve cultural tradition
• Support agricultural economy
• Protect the environmentTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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