The world of reference data - www.oag.com/datahungry - connecting the world of travel
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connecting the
world of travel
The world of
reference data
www.oag.com/datahungry
The world is data hungry
Schedules and reference data For schedules data this means it is increasingly
constantly changes vital that reference data is accurate, up to
date and synchronised. 7 schedule changes
• Over 50 billion smart connected devices in a second and over 3.5 million changes
the world within the next 5 years;1 updates a month!
• The digital universe is estimated to grow to
44 zettabytes (about 44 billion terrabytes) by Why reference data matters
2020;2
The traveller expects accurate, up to date,
• Less than 0.5% of all currently available data synchronised schedules data. Reference data
is analysed and used.3 underpins that accuracy, helps enrich your data
and it changes more than you think. Read on to
Sources: 1 Cisco, 2 EMC Digital Universe with Research &
Analysis by IDC, 3 MIT Technology Review understand these vital data sets and how they
impact your schedules data.
What are MCTs?
MCTs are Minimum 200,000
Connection Times
180,000
and represent the time
allowed between the 160,000
arrival of one scheduled 140,000
flight and the departure
of a connecting flight. 120,000
100,000
As of July 2016, we
currently have 12,188 80,000
Airport Standard MCTs
60,000
on file covering 3,180 No. of MCT exceptions
No. of MCT changes processed
active airports - as 40,000
well as 107,000 MCT
20,000
exceptions! This number
can fluctuate wildly... 0
Jun-12 Oct-12 Feb-13 Jun-13 Oct-13 Feb-14 Jun-14 Oct-14 Feb-15 Jun-15 Oct-15 Feb-16
Determining industry-standard MCTs
All new industry-standard MCTs Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
must be approved by IATA.
Once the new industry-standard The airport operators Once agreed, IATA will then
MCT is established, this committee (AOC), the new inform the
becomes the default value for consisting of all airlines MCT value industry for
that airport and is used by the operating in and out of is submitted the new MCT
entire industry. that airport, must agree to IATA for value at that
to a new MCT value approval airport
www.oag.com/datahungryGeneral status exceptions
If no other MCTs are set at an individual airport, IATA specifies default MCT times for all airports:
Domestic to Domestic to International to International to
domestic international domestic international
20 minutes One hour One hour One hour
Passenger arrives Passenger arrives Passenger Passenger arrives
on a domestic on a domestic arrives on an on an international
flight and departs flight and international flight flight and departs
on another departs on an and departs on a on another
domestic flight international flight domestic flight international flight
Airport MCT exceptions Airline MCT exceptions
There are exceptions to these defaults, which A powerful marketing tool that influences
could be for the following reasons: positioning on GDS displays, OTAs and
metasearch engines.
Collect
any checked
Clear
baggage from
Customs
Baggage A proactive
Claim influence against
Clear
competitors
Immigrations
Check- The shorter the
in for the connection time,
Move 2nd flight (if the faster the journey,
between Walk from required) which moves the
terminals arrival gate carrier up the
of 1st flight to page
departure gate
Airline MCT
of 2nd flight
Co- ordinators agree
exceptions to the
Airports may choose to set its own Industry Airport standard
Standard MCT, which will override the Status MCT
Exception default time.
MCT Industry Format
The distribution format is determined by IATA and is described in SSIM. OAG was instrumental in
the evolvement of the current format and subsequent hierarchy and is now working with airlines and
industry partners to develop new IATA distribution standards for Minimum Connect Times.
airport effective from / aircraft code, or wide /
carrier
terminals to dates narrow body indicator
flight numbers / previous / next state and country or
flight ranges airport country region
www.oag.com/datahungryWhat is an ‘exception The Domestic to International (DI) status standard at
to an exception’? MIA is 1 hour.
AA has an exception: AA to ALL carriers at
To display a specific exception by a carrier, MIA 55 minutes.
sometimes it is necessary to add an MCT AA advises that BA is an exception to this, and that
exception at the status standard time. In the status standard at MIA should apply. This will be
this case the time will be displayed as 9999. displayed:
The following is an example of this situation > The following identifies the 55 minute exception for all carriers.
AA – to All Dom to Int’l exception at MIA 55 minutes.
The following identifies the BA exception to this exception.
AA – to BA Dom to Int’l status standard at MIA 9999.
MCT Industry Format
The distribution format is determine by
IATA and is described in SSIM.
OAG is instrumental in managing the
current format and subsequent hierarchy.
The file is designed to be used in
conjunction with other IATA Standard
coding files, such as:
• Equipment Codes
• Location and Region Codes
• Carrier Codes
• DST/Time Zones
Airline codes
IATA administers the two-letter airline codes and once it is assigned,
OAG advises IATA of ports and equipment codes used by the carrier in
its submitted schedule. OAG also adds an ICAO code where applicable as
well as maintaining ICAO codes for airlines that do not have an IATA code to
enable their schedules to be distributed.
IATA will also advise when codes are recalled for reasons such as an airline
ceasing operations.
As of July 2016, there are 906 carriers maintained for schedules distribution –
with 768 publishing schedules under their own code.
Airline seats and equipment
OAG maintains equipment data for all Aircraft data is maintained at 3 levels:
scheduled services. Data is sourced from • Configuration at equipment and
aircraft manufacturers and includes: service type
• ICAO code • Configuration for an airline’s fleet
• Body Type • Configuration as supplied by
• Aircraft category e.g. jet engine carriers in their schedule data i.e.
• Maximum speed and range and at flight & route level
maximum take-off weight
www.oag.com/datahungryLocations data
IATA administers the three-letter codes and advises any changes. Typically
this is when an airline starts operating to a new location. These coordinates
need to be validated (or added when not supplied), names verified and
ICAO codes assigned.
The locations are sent to a country with associated time zone and DST information.
The location may also be attached to a city as part of a metropolitan area
e.g. NRT and HND assigned to TYO (Tokyo).
There are currently over 11,000 IATA codes – 7,249 have also been assigned ICAO codes.
There are a mere (!) 4,200 locations that are considered active i.e. we have schedules
data for them.
The Connections Chain
This is only a piece of the puzzle (for specific connections analysis), however it illustrates how often
reference data is needed and how many factors it can influence – only one of these needs to be out of
sync, and you won’t see what you expect to!
restriction custom
dest conx type?
orig rules? MCTs
gateways? circuity? MaxCT?
IATA, LCC? eh,
really easy,
could be online, how are you ok, I’ve had
easy, I I know
loads of interline, does that kidding? enough
know where I’m
them – others? what’s that? influence we’re now...
where I am going
where do I it? getting out
start? of control
here
So, add up all that reference data.... 800,000
flight status
updates
processed
We know aviation data is huge and there 22.8 million daily
99.6%
are a multitude of reference points that schedules flight status
need to be correct, and synchronised. updated messages a
monthly month
There are multiple data points that influence
our world.
Staying current, or real-time is vital to
3.6 billion
ensuring visibility. passengers
We need the right reference information in 2016 Over 3.5 million
synchronised across all platforms. schedules updates
a month
And, if we have that,
9,863 million
we can focus our time 6,850 passengers
and energy on what passengers a a day
minute
is important.
www.oag.com/datahungrydynamic
SSIM WDF alerts routemapper
schedules
www.oag.com/schedules
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