The Role of CERMESA in Internationalization of Higher Education and Student Mobility in Africa
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Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy Abbreviated Key Title: J Adv Educ Philos ISSN 2523-2665 (Print) |ISSN 2523-2223 (Online) Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Journal homepage: https://saudijournals.com Review Article The Role of CERMESA in Internationalization of Higher Education and Student Mobility in Africa Barasa Samson Omachar, Ph.D1*, Eunice Majanga, Ph.D2, Philip Mukonyi, Ph.D3 1 Dr. Barasa Samson Omachar, Lecturer, Department of Educational Foundations- Moi University 2 Dr. Eunice Majanga, Lecturer, Department of Educational Foundations -Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology 3 Dr. Philip Mukonyi, Lecturer, Department of Educational Foundations -Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology DOI: 10.36348/jaep.2021.v05i06.004 | Received: 16.05.2021 | Accepted: 23.06.2021 | Published: 30.06.2021 *Corresponding author: Dr. Barasa Samson Omachar, PhD Abstract This study focuses on the influence of institutional policies on student’s mobility in the context of internationalization of higher education in DAAD established East and South African-German Centre of Excellence for Educational Research, Methodologies and Management – CERMESA member universities. This is a comparative study based on four case studies namely Moi University in Kenya, University of Dar Es Salaam in Tanzania, Uganda Management Institute and Nelson Mandela University in South Africa. This study has revealed how institutional policies have influenced student mobility in an organised setting making a reality anchored on internationalization of higher Education. The study was guided by the following objectives; to examine student mobility trends among CERMESA member Universities; to establish the role of CERMESA in enhancing student mobility in Africa; to assess the influence of institutional policies on student mobility in CERMESA member universities. Based on the above objectives the study answered the following questions: What is the trend of student mobility among CERMESA member universities? What is the role of CERMESA in enhancing student mobility in Africa? To what extent do university policies among CERMESA member universities accommodate student mobility? Recently cross border and inter regional movement of people has been characterized by increasing trends of student mobility in higher education. This has been actualised further through educational partnership among African states; CER-MESA is one of eleven centres of African excellence in sub-Saharan Africa, but no study has been done on the contribution of such organizations in establishing student mobility and regional integration in Africa a gap this study has filled. Key words: Mobility, Integration, Regional, Internationalization. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the original author and source are credited. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. CERMESA PROGRAM This section focuses on how Selected Participants (n=7) and Participants (n=5) CERMESA institutions promote mobility of students explained that CERM-ESA can be considered as a across the borders respectively. All the universities in universal development socio economic project that this study namely University of Dar es Salaam in brings together nations through individual universities Tanzania, Nelson Mandela University in South Africa, guided with the key objectives such as to establish Moi University in Kenya and Uganda Management global academic centre of excellence in educational Institute in Uganda seem to promote student mobility. research methodologies and management that is a This is a clear justification of why there are more scientific society through organized academic and African foreign students in CERMESA member knowledge based scientific projects. Participants (n=7) universities. From the data obtained, it is clear that points out that this is an international organization with generally very little is done to promote clearly set mandate as outlined by Malve, Kurgat and students‘mobility in Africa however University of Dar Speck (2017), who point out that the:- es Salaam, Nelson Mandela University, Moi University The specific project objectives ………….. and Uganda Management Institute have put in place Illustrate the academic rationale of this considerable efforts that promote student mobility. international cooperation: Research Programme: Advancing and expanding excellent and innovative educational research on methodologies, instruction techniques, and Citation: Barasa Samson Omachar et al (2021). The Role of CERMESA in Internationalization of Higher Education and 165 Student Mobility in Africa. J Adv Educ Philos, 5(6): 165-169.
Barasa Samson Omachar et al., J Adv Educ Philos, Jun, 2021; 5(6): 165-169 management strategies for African contexts. international organizational objectives. This explains Academic Programme: Teaching and training how the concept of internationalization of higher of future educational leaders in terms of education, globalization of education and engagement research methodologies, innovative in education are critical issues to CERMESA management solutions, and instruction academic rationale and objectives, structure and techniques at master’s and doctoral levels. collaboration and , research methodologies. Staff Development Programme: Advancing capacity building and staff development in CERM-ESA is operates under two academia and management of the fundamental global frameworks of internationalization participating universities in effective university of higher education institutions of learning which is a instruction and management for (future) focus of this study and higher education engagement leaders, and sustainable institution building. which is understood as the social responsibility of higher education institutions to form partnerships with From the above it’s clear that CERMESA plays other societal actors and communities, to foster research a pivotal role in student mobility among member states. and interdisciplinary collaboration and impact This comes in inform of special programs and services positively on the communities, the society and countries for foreign students. the program is based. This assertion seems to find a niche in Malve, Kurgat and Speck (2017) who have 3. Role of cermesa in enhancing student mobility argumentatively discussed the matter and whose work among member universities has been discussed alongside the participant voices. A comparative analysis on the role of CERMESA in enhancing students‘mobility trends Participants (n=10) and (n=13) pointed out that among selected CERMESA universities, University of the roles played by CERMESA in the four universities Dar es Salaam, Moi University, Nelson Mandela tend to promote student mobility namely; Cooperation University and Uganda Management Institute presents among member universities, research, academic and a unique scenario of students‘mobility in Africa teaching and staff development. It should be understood bearing in mind the number of foreign African students that it is this activities that promote and make this in these institutions. Participants (n=10) and (n=13) in universities student mobility hubs and even influence this study pointed out that focus of CERMESA the development of student mobility policies. As program is based on key as well as specific tabulated in detail below Table-1: Research role of CERMESA Role Measures and Activities Contribution to Contribution to Internationalization Engagement Research 4 umbrella topics and - relevant topics for all - focus on social change research teams partner regions and improvements Co-supervision of theses - internationally - advancing participatory, comparative topics arts- based, action research and other forms of engaged methodologies Participation in cross-country / - mutual support and international conferences collaboration in ensuring best practice supervision Participation in - support for schools/ disseminating research international conferences faculties of education to be methodologies and results internationally visible from African contexts 4/30/2021 21 From table 1 Participants (n=11) (n=7) and pointed out that this is done through haviving (n=13) indicated that one of the roles of CERMESA international research schools that are alternately that promote student mobility is research. Participants organised between Moi University and Nelson mandela © 2021 |Published by Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates 166
Barasa Samson Omachar et al., J Adv Educ Philos, Jun, 2021; 5(6): 165-169 University. Participant (n=3) pointed out that in the (n=3) the program engages the staff in a joint year 2019 students and staff from Nelson Mandela supervision with supervisors drawn from different University, University of Dar es Salaam and Uganda member universities therefore the students stands the Management Institute attendend aresearch school at benefit of gaining from different contexts. Supervisors Moi University and in 2020 Nelson Mandela University and students from different countries are facilitated to hosted all the other universities. It should be understood travel to member countries for supervision advisory. that through research as pointed out by participant Table-2: Academic and Teaching role of CERMESA Role Measures and Activities Contribution to Contribution to Internationalization Engagement Academic and Teaching Annual CERM-ESA •regular student and - focus on ethical schools on research lecturer exchange questions, engagement, methodologies for •international leadership and change scholarship holders perspectives Students’ visits to co- - international experience - exposure to other supervisors community outreach activities and methods New master’s joint curriculum - innovative, programme, Education development, teaching contextualized research Research, at Moi and co-supervision methodologies for social University change 4/30/2021 22 In table 2 Similarly Participants (n=11) (n=7) the course at either Moi University or Nelson Mandela and (n=13) noted that this role promotes students University and in some exceptional cases at their model mobility by ensuring that learners cross border to university of Oldenburg in German. The mentioned undertake studies in member universities. This graduate degree program includes Master of Education movement according to participants tend to promote in Educational research, Doctor of philosophy in students mobility. Participant (n=5) indicated that Educational research and Doctor of Philosophy in CERMESA program has unique degree programs that Sociology of Education. This role also emphasises on allows member universities to admit students but take students visits to co supervisors. Table-3: Cooperation role of CERMESA Role Measures and Activities Contributions to Contributions to Internationalization Engagement 4. Cooperation among Biannual steering •Regular cross country Ensures: member universities committee meetings: meetings - that the programmes decides made by all •Visibility at a host are relevant and partners university beneficial to all partners Internationalization - transfer of knowledge - guidance and critical advisory board: experts and expertise reflection is provided on for Africanization African contexts & methodologies Building a CERMESA Forum for educationists - a broad collaboration faculty: all alumni and for all partner and interdisciplinary participants universities basis for the project Online learning platform - online collaboration for - sharing of resources staff and students and best practices 4/30/2021 24 © 2021 |Published by Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates 167
Barasa Samson Omachar et al., J Adv Educ Philos, Jun, 2021; 5(6): 165-169 In reference to table 2 and 3 of this study, effective university instruction and management for Participant (n=3), Participant (n=1) and Participant (future) leaders, and sustainable institution building. (n=4) pointed out that cooperation among member universities plays a critical role in the promotion of CERMESA policies seem to be a mobility student mobility. Participants indicated that member’s beacon among CERMESA member universities. states are engaged in biannual steering committee However the findings canvas students’ views on meetings that are attended by members from all the students mobility higher education and on its three other CERMESA member universities. They organize individual elements, which arguably demonstrates regular cross country meetings. These activities are students’ comprehension of the process of student seen to be critical in the promotion of student mobility mobility in relation to the concept of among member states. internationalization of higher education. It also offers a hint of what is important for higher institutions of Participant (n=2), Participant (n=1) and learning as well as students in this context, which Participant (n=8) pointed out that apart from the role helps the understanding of students motivations for played by CERMESA individual institutions in this and expectations of their study abroad as well as their study do engage in student exchange programme. It was ‘push and pull’ factors of mobility. It’s clear that mentioned by participant (n=9) that that one university student mobility has a direct connection with ideas on out of the four offered credit transfer to attract students the purpose, function and delivery of the higher who want to study in that university, this case was not education institution. These can also help the analysis found to exist in the three other universities. Therefore of students’ expectations in regards to their study this study found out that the main means of promoting abroad; moreover, in terms of the delivery, students’ students Mobility is through participating in inter testimonies in regards to the knowledge and skills of university programs such as through which interaction graduates can by extension be considered the ideal among students may take place as well as students may outcomes of their cross boarder studies be influenced to select programs in their/ participating universities. 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