The Heat Storage How do UK heat industry market players fit into a sustainable future? - Geography@Exeter
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The Heat Storage
UKERC Conference
How do UK heat industry market players fit into a sustainable future?
15th May 2018
Santokh Gataora
Technical Director
M: +44 (0)7795 171 248 info@sunamp.co.uk
O: +44 (0)1875 610 001 @sunampltd
sandy.gataora@Sunamp.com
The Heat Opportunity
World energy consumption
x2.5
Heat 46%
Electricity 17.5% • Space Heat
• Hot Water
• Process Heat
• Cooling
Heating without
global warming,
Transport 27.5% IEA, 2014.
Others 9%
Electrical storage: Heat storage:
✗ Over invested ✓ Has not changed in centuries
✗ Overcrowded ✓ Ripe for improvement
✗ High entry barriers ✓ More heat storage needed
✗ Materials questions ✓ Low cost, sustainable materials
Source: IEA
Specific Focus on Heat Storage: Residential Example
Need to time-shift from when energy is available to when it is needed
CHP
energy
Solar Thermal
Solar PV
Heat Pumps
Biomass Intermittent input time
Waste Heat
Off-peak Elec.
…..
Heat storage
Controlled output
hot water
energy
heating
time 3
The Basic Idea
High Energy Density
Melting and freezing a PCM (Phase Change Material)
stores 3-4 times as much energy as heating and
cooling hot water
High Power
High power heat exchanger inside,
so heat can be rapidly charged into
the heat battery and equally quickly
Hand warmer (melts at 58°C) extracted – high rate discharge
Modular
Cuboid and able to stack like Lego®
Cost-Effective
Comparable price to Hot Water Tanks
Lower Total Cost of Ownership
4
Sunamp heat storage material
High Energy Density
•Sunamp PCMs (Phase Change
Materials) are safe and reliable
hydrated salts;
•Melting and freezing a PCM stores Hand warmer
3-4 times as much energy as (melts at 58°C)
heating water
•The classis hand warmer is unstable
and fails in less than 100 cycles.
Sunamp needed a >10,000 cycles
reliability
Key materials & HB team:
Sunamp & University of Edinburgh Collaboration: Technical
Innovations
Overcame instability of original material 35,000 cycles (so far)
Wouldn’t always solidify (no heat)
• SU58 always solidifies and releases heat
Slow heat transfer (no showers!)
• Heat exchanger inside = high flow rate hot water
Proven via cycle testing – latest results
Previously undetectable
degradation rate just
July 2015 becoming apparent after
January 2018 ~2.5 years and ~35,000
cycles.
Peak rate 120 cycles/day
(5 minute charge, 7 minute
discharge & repeat)
Average lowered to ~35
cycles/day due to periods
when cycle rig was inactive
(e.g. Moving premises).
Further testing expected to
confirm trendline.
Courtesy of Dr David Oliver (Edinburgh), Materials Scientist & Dr Kate Fisher (Edinburgh), Composite Materials Scientist at Sunamp
Wide Range of Storage Temperatures
Sunamp Heat and Cool Batteries can be filled with different PCMs to optimise each application
Freezing Cold storage Waste heat recovery Industrial process heat
Accelerated Commercialisation
Hot water
Air conditioning Hot water pre-heat Space heating Steam generation
{ -18
(0)
-14
(7)
-5
(23)
5
(42)
11
(52)
32
(90)
58
(136)
73
(163)
81
(178)
118
(244)
Waste Heat,
Thermal
Buffering
T, °C
-26 -25 -21 -15 -10 0 15 28 34 43 83 88 188 253 (°F)
(-15)(-13) (-6) (5) (14) (32) (59) (82) (93) (109) (181) (190) (370) (487)
Chiller Low temp heat pump High temp heat pump
Solar thermal Boilers/Furnaces (biomass,
gas, propane, oil) Electricity & Heat Co-Storage
CHP/Co-Gen Thermoelectric, CAES,
Sunamp PCMs are internally developed, and generally inorganic, non-flammable materials. Values indicate phase change temperature. Organic Rankine Cycle, Steam
Operating temperature range typically 40 … >100 °C (90 … >200 °F) around phase change temperature - consult Sunamp.
Turbines
Current commercial products (Space Heat & Hot Water) Near-term introduction (Q2 … Q4 2018)
Note: PCMs at different level of development and not all commercially available today
From material to system – in production Today
High Energy Density
Retains PCM compactness when scaling to heat
battery size (non-trivial).
High Power Gen 2
Heat
High power heat exchanger inside, so heat can be
Battery
rapidly charged into the heat battery and equally
quickly extracted – high rate discharge.
This means can deliver 20+ litres per minute hot water
for showers
This means can rapidly warm a heating system (comfort
& energy efficiency points)
Modular
Cuboid and able to stack like Lego®
Cost-Effective
Comparable price to Hot Water Tanks
Lower Total Cost of Ownership
Much lower cost than electric batteries
Gen 1 - Proven by long duration trial (2013 to date)
• Trial in seven homes funded by DECC
• Off-peak Economy 10 electricity
• Air source heat pump (2.5-3x COP efficiency)
• Heat Battery compact storage provides time-shift: run heat pump when its cheap, use heat/HW at any time
• Easy retrofit installation
• In service for 5 winters (some still with Gen 1 heat batteries, some upgraded to Gem 2)
Central Heating
Heat Pump
SunampStack Hot Water
Gen 1 - Trial Results
Results and Benefits: Spec
• typical running costs savings range from 45% to 57% 40 kWh Sunamp heat store
Air Source Heat Pump (Daikin)
• carbon emission reductions range from 17% to 36% Works to -25C
CASE A – From Electric CASE B – From ETS and CASE C – From Electric CASE D – From Gas
Heat and Water Electric Hot Water Heat and Water Heating & Hot Water
This is a 3 bedroomed This is a one-bedroom house,
This is a 2-bedroomed house
house lived in by a young semi detached bungalow.
with 2 working occupants.
working couple, their heat The occupier is an retired This is a 5-bedroomed
They are heavy hot water
and hot water usage is man who looks after his house with 2 working
users having 2 deep baths in
normal. This household grandchildren in the early occupants, 1 teenager and 1
the morning and 2 deep
had night storage heater. evening so the house must be visiting young adult.
baths in the evenings
Comfort has improved. warm - Achieved Previously mains gas heated
Annual Savings on Heat and Annual Savings on Heat and Annual Savings on Heat and Hot Annual Savings on Heat and Hot
Hot Water Hot Water Water Water
kWh CO2 kWh CO2 kWh Bill CO2 kWh CO2
Bill saving Bill saving Bill saving
saving Saving saving Saving saving saving Saving saving Saving
Not
59% 56% 29.1% 40% 45% 36% 49% 57%
Available 77% 50% 46%
1259 1596 3,291 Not 28,476 3645
8,404 KWh £602.17 4,921KWh £414.78 £325.91 £926.77
KgCO2 KgCO2 KWh Available KWh KgCO2Gen 2 - Proven via large scale trial (hot water focused)
Products
developed and
manufactured
by Sunamp
near Edinburgh
Over 1000 tenants positively impacted with 20%+ bill and energy savings
766 Gen 2 Heat Battery Products installed in over 600 homes by Q1 ‘2016
In daily service for two years with high reliability providing hot water to circa 2000 people
4.4 MWh total storage in 2028 Heat Battery 'Red Cells'Gen-3 (‘UniQ’) – A modular and scalable product
UniQ 60
Examples of UniQ architecture:
UniQ 9
UniQ 6
UniQ 3
*height for models including stand-by electric heaters
• Complete portfolio includes these capacities: 2, 3, 6, 9, 12kWh (residential), 30, 60kWh (C&I)
• Multiple modules can be easily integrated to each other to achieve the required storage capacity and functionality
(thermally or electrically charged, or both)
• All residential products (UniQ 3 to 12) have the same footprint (370x575mm) and different heights, depending on capacity
and functionality (thermally or electrically charged, or both)
• Cubic form factor ensures best utilisation of space
• Depending on installation requirements, 9kWh can be achieved by 1x UniQ 9 or by combining a 1x UniQ 6 + 1x UniQ 3
• Hydraulic connections to source / sink can be placed on each major surface, e.g. front / back / sideGen-3 (‘UniQ’)
A mature and cost effective product demand side ready from the beginning
Sunamp Heat Batteries demand side ready from the beginning. Natural Heat Fossil Fuel or Biomass Solar Energy
Grid Electricity
Third Party HVAC Compatibility
Boiler (Gas, Combi, Oil, Biomass, …)
Heat Pump (Air, Ground, Water, …)
PV or
Controllers (Nest, Honeywell, …) Heat Pump Boiler
ST
Solar Panels (PV or Solar Thermal)
PV AC Controller (Power Diverter, Solic 200, …)
Sunamp Controllers
UniQ System Controller Launched Q1 Mains AC Thermal
2018 Electricity
UniQ PV DC Controller
UniQ PV AC Controller Full volume DSM / ToU controller [1]
PV DC
Electricity
SunampOS (DSM) production by
end of Q2 PV AC Electricity
Heat Battery Options
Capacity (2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 30, 60 kWh) PV AC Controller Inverter
AC or DC elements (various kW)
[1] forthcoming functionality under
Hot Water
the Sunamp OS brand
and/or HeatAlso at C&I scale
3
1 2 4
← Palletised
• Up to 80 kWh inApplication of Cold Batteries with Heat Batteries
Demand peak shaving and Energy Efficiency Mains water
Hot Water
SU58
(58°C)
Small-scale concept illustrated. Scales up
well to provide cooling and hot water for
leisure complex, hotel, district cooling, etc
Air Con loop
• Renewable electricity: Can be directly driven from solar PV SU8
or wind (8°C)
• Peak shaving: Avoid peak-time loads on electricity grid by
storing cool at off-peak time
• Energy Efficient: 1 MWh electricity can provide both 4 MWh
hot water and 3 MWh cooling
One single storage appliance can prepare air-conditioning, cold water and hot waterElectric Battery vs. Heat Battery
BYD Lithium-ion battery Sunamp Heat Battery
30.7dm3 26.5dm3
38kg 130mm 2.5kWh 2.5kWh
2.5kW 35kW
6,000 cycle life >37,000 cycle life
(to 70% capacity) (to >95% capacity)
16% final household energy
consumption is electricity Cooking 3%
Appliances 12% 81% final household energy
Lights 4% consumption is heat
Space heating 62%
Hot water 19%
% household final energy consumption in UK 16
United Kingdom housing energy fact file, 2012Sunamp OS connects aggregators to small devices
Tuned for Sunamp Heat Batteries to make them aggregator agile
Utilities
Electricity Grid
Transmission Distribution SunampOS
System Operators System Operators • Runs in its own processor with memory,
(TSO) (DSO) security and communications
• Links via API to the Heat Battery controller
for state of charge, state of health and to
‘large’ loads
Aggregators
issue commands (e.g. “Charge now at 7kW“)
(100kW+)
Aggregator (e.g. Aggregator (e.g. Aggregator (e.g.
Aggregator 1 Aggregator 2 Aggregator 3
Open Energi) Open Utility) Vcharge/OVO))
• Aggregators can plug in their own Apps via
an API to offer their services (the world
doesn’t need another aggregator) and
aggregate up hundreds of small units
The GAP
securely to their larger aggregation scale
Micro Aggregator • Control monitoring and provisioning platform
• Sunamp are inviting partnerships around this
needed piece with other vendors including
‘small’ loads
aggregators and energy storage companies
(< 100kW)
e.g. Electric batteries
Typically, Sunamp Heat BatteriesSystem / IP Layers
Housing + Electronics +
input/output Firmware API + OS
PCM Heat Battery (cells) TES System Grid flexibility platform Service business(1)
Note: TES = thermal energy storage
1) Possible (currently unfunded) business models 18Not Required??
Not Required??
Not Required??
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