Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages - (TESOL) bathspa.ac.uk/careers - Guide to...
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Guide to... Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) bathspa.ac.uk/careers Bath Spa Careers www.bathspa.ac.uk/careers
Contents Introduction 3 Why TESOL? 3 Decision making 4 Qualifications 5 Other experience 6 Teaching TESOL in the UK 6 Job searching in the UK 7 Teaching TESOL abroad 8 Job searching abroad 10 Practical considerations: working abroad 10 Professional bodies 11 Additional resources 11 Further support from Bath Spa Careers 11
Introduction According to a study by Education First in 2014, English will maintain and grow its dominance as a worldwide language, with the British Council reporting that by 2020 two billion people will be studying English. There continues to be demand among both children and adults wishing to learn English as a second language. The terms TEFL, TESL and TESOL are often used interchangeably but there are slight differences in the meaning between them: • TEFL stands for ‘Teaching English as a Foreign Language’ and typically means programmes of English teaching based in the home country of the learners (sometimes simplified to EFL). • TESL stands for ‘Teaching English as a Second Language’ and typically relates to programmes of English teaching based in English-speaking countries to non-native speakers (sometimes simplified to ESL). • TESOL stands for ‘Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages’ and is often the general name for the field of English language teaching that includes both TEFL and TESL. Be aware that in terms of courses, job advertisements, types of setting and even countries, the terms may be used interchangeably or even include other variations, such as: TEAL (Teaching English as an Additional Language). For the purpose of this guide, the term TESOL will be used when discussing English language teaching in general unless otherwise stated. Why TESOL? Many students and graduates are interested in teaching English language, but whether you are choosing to teach English as a career option or for the purpose of experiencing living and working in another country, there are key things to consider and research. It is important to be clear what your personal reasons and motivations are for teaching English. Are you interested because you want to: • Develop your teaching skills? • Earn money working abroad? • Take the first step in your intended career path as a TESOL teacher? • Immerse yourself in a different culture? • Learn a new language? • Develop a deeper understanding of English language? • Enhance your future employability through development of particular core transferable skills? • Develop personal attributes important to employers (e.g. independence, motivation, adaptability)? The i-to-i ‘Guide to Teaching your Way Abroad’ includes some useful some self-assessment tools to help decide if TEFL is for you: http://www.i-to-i.com/contact-tefl-team/tefl-ebook.html (NOTE: this guide has been written by a company that offers TEFL opportunities, so you are still encouraged to do your own research using other sources, particularly when considering qualifications). bathspa.ac.uk/careers 3
Decision Making In making a decision about whether to teach and where to teach (in the UK or abroad), you may want to ask yourself the following questions: Why do you want to teach English language? Think about what you want to achieve from the experience. Working in the UK as a TESOL teacher, you are likely to be teaching children and/or adults from a range of countries and cultures. This could include for example: children attending an English language summer school; young adults who are undertaking a year-long course; or adult refugee and asylum seekers who are taking government funded English classes. If you are looking to teach abroad you will predominately be teaching children and/or adults who are nationals of the country you are working in. This could include: children undertaking English classes as part of their government’s education system; children undertaking afterschool classes; or adults attending English business classes. Whether you want to work in the UK or work abroad, you need to ask yourself if you feel you have the skills and qualities needed to teach. For some students and graduates, the motivation for teaching in another country may be the desire to live abroad, but the children and/or adults you are teaching will have their own expectations about the level of progress they want to make as a result of your ability to teach. So, not only will you need to be confident in your command of English grammar and language (both spoken and written) but you need to be highly organised, be able to work under pressure, be adaptable, and creative. To explore TESOL teaching further, take time to research and understand what it means to be a TESOL teacher. You could speak to others who have taught TESOL or to understand what happens in a TESOL class, you could contact local language schools and ask if you could observe a lesson. Do you want to teach English as a volunteer or as a paid employee? Perhaps this question has an obvious answer as the majority of people are likely to want to be paid for the work they do! In the UK, opportunities will be paid. You might be on a permanent or fixed-term contract with an organisation or be self-employed and sourcing your own work. Overseas, many opportunities will also be paid, but in some developing countries opportunities will be advertised as volunteer positions, which could mean you may pay a fee to teach English as part of a ‘work placement’ or ‘internship’. Fixed- term contracts and freelance working are not uncommon in TESOL and being adaptable to changing types of work contracts is important. Where do you want to teach? If you want to teach in the UK, opportunities exist where there will be a demand, typically in larger towns and cities. Alternatively, if you are starting your TESOL career abroad, consider where in the world you might want to work – Europe, Asia, Latin America, or Africa? Be aware that you will still need to check if you meet the requirements for different opportunities abroad in order to gain the appropriate visa. How much time do you have available to seek opportunities? Like all job searching, it takes time! You will need to allocate time to research opportunities, submit applications and be available for interviews. Some opportunities, particularly structured schemes in South Korea and Japan may only have a short application window and you may need to submit an application many months before your departure date. Bear in mind that interviews for overseas opportunities are likely to be by telephone or Skype. bathspa.ac.uk/careers 4
How will you prepare for language and cultural issues? If you are looking for opportunities in the UK, it is beneficial to consider the language and culture of those you are teaching, and the potential impact of this on the teaching style you use. If you are looking for opportunities abroad, language issues should be considered. Whilst English may be a common language spoken by work colleagues in the school or language centre you are working in, having basic language skills of the country you are living in will help you with day-to-day activities. This could mean taking a short language course in advance. Also consider how different the culture of the country you are living in may be compared to your own. You may experience an element of ‘culture shock’ while you settle in, so think about ways in which you could prepare for this by researching cultural norms of the country in advance and/or speaking to others who have visited or worked that country. Qualifications There is no one professional association that represents or regulates the profession of TESOL, meaning that various qualifications and courses are offered by a range of institutions and organisations. Qualification requirements will vary depending on the opportunity and, in some cases, between countries. If you wish to establish a career in TESOL you would be advised to complete a formal TESOL qualification, which preferably includes observed teaching practice, such as those offered by Cambridge, Trinity or on postgraduate courses offered by universities (see below). It is advisable to thoroughly research the type of opportunities you wish to pursue to be clear about the qualification level expected by employers. For some TESOL opportunities, having a degree may be sufficient and TESOL qualifications may not be required. However, even if this is the case, having a TESOL qualification will be looked upon more favourably by employers and will also give you more confidence in how to teach English language. Unless you are very confident with English language, a TESOL course would also help to re-introduce key grammar structures and how these may be applied to teaching English. Some employers may ask you questions at interview related to grammar structure, for example, “How would you teach the difference between Past Simple and Present Perfect?”, so refreshing your knowledge can be beneficial. Formal intensive TESOL qualifications that will include teaching practice are those offered by Cambridge English, Trinity College London and some UK universities (which offer masters courses). The Cambridge CELTA (Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) and Trinity CertTESOL (Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) are both centre-based intensive short courses widely recognised in the sector which offer supervised teaching practice which many participants find very valuable. For those with some experience (typically two years plus) who want to progress further the Cambridge DELTA (Diploma in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) and the Trinity DipTESOL (Diploma in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) are higher level qualifications. All Cambridge and Trinity courses will include observed teaching practice alongside theoretical learning. Courses are also offered, by both providers, specifically focused on teaching English to children. Some universities, such as Bath Spa University, also offer postgraduate qualifications, such as the MA TESOL course. These programmes will also incorporate observed teaching practice alongside theoretical learning. • http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/teaching-english/teaching-qualifications/celta/ - Cambridge CELTA • http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/teaching-english/teaching-qualifications/delta/ - Cambridge DELTA • http://www.trinitycollege.com/site/?id=201 – Trinity CertTESOL bathspa.ac.uk/careers 5
• http://www.trinitycollege.com/site/?id=202 – Trinity DipTESOL • http://www.prospects.ac.uk/search_courses.htm – Prospects Postgraduate course search • https://www.findamasters.com/ - Find a Masters course search Aside from the formal accredited courses mentioned above, be aware that there are lots of organisations that offer short courses or distance learning courses in TESOL teaching. If you are considering alternative course options, questions you might want to ask of the provider include: • Is the course accredited by an external body and if so, who accredits it? • Are there any entry requirements for the course? • How are you assessed? For example, does the course include actual observed teaching practice? • Would the course be acceptable for the type of opportunity you want to apply for? • How is the course taught (by distance learning or classroom based)? • How many other course participants might be on the course? • Where in the world can you teach if you complete the course you are considering? • What support is offered during the course (particularly if the course is by distance learning)? • How long is the course – how many study hours? • Can you speak to others who have done the course? If not, at least check testimonials as well as checking reviews on the internet. For further information about choosing a TEFL course, go to Target Jobs: https://targetpostgrad.com/subjects/teaching-and-education/how-to-choose-a-tefl-course-and-find-work- after-qualifying. Other experience Aside from TESOL qualifications, think about what other experience you could gain to give you the best chance of securing a TESOL opportunity. For example; • Learning or education-based part-time jobs, volunteer roles or internships • Part-time jobs or volunteer opportunities working with children (if you are planning to teach children and young people) • Experiences abroad (e.g. volunteering or travelling) if you are planning to apply for TESOL roles working abroad, particularly where you have immersed yourself in different cultures. If you have had limited travel experience, think about how you might be able to demonstrate relevant transferable skills such as interacting and communicating with people from different cultures, as well as your flexibility, adaptability and resilience in dealing with potential ‘culture shock’. • Experiences that demonstrate the skills needed to be a successful TESOL teacher (see Prospects TEFL Job Profile for a list of typical skills), in particular the ability to be creative, to problem solve, to communicate and to be organized. Teaching TESOL in the UK Types of Opportunities With increased global mobility and immigration, there continues to be a demand for English language teachers in the UK. TESOL in the UK can be broadly classified into four areas (although other types of opportunities may be available): bathspa.ac.uk/careers 6
• Colleges/Universities • Businesses • Private language schools • Adult learning centres Further Education colleges and Higher Education Institutions Further Education colleges often offer English classes to adults. These may be adults who have moved to the UK and wish to improve their English language skills. Some courses will be offered as formal qualifications and may be government funded, enabling adults to progress onto other courses or to improve their chances of finding employment. Some universities may run English language classes during the summer vacation period. These may be offered to young people taking part in cultural exchange programmes and may be delivered by external tutors. Other courses may be available to those offered a university place and who are attending a summer language school to develop their English language skills before starting a degree or masters course. Businesses With an increase in multi-national businesses, companies exist to offer tutoring services to large businesses wishing to improve the English language skills of their overseas staff. Tutoring may be delivered to small classes and may focus on teaching specific English terminology and phrasing relevant to the sector of the business. Private Language Schools Private language schools exist in many UK cities and enable adults to find English language courses that will suit their individual needs. Courses may be available, for example, for those wishing: to improve their general level of English; to prepare for English language examinations (such as those needed for university entry); and business English. Adult Learning Centres Adult learning centres exist in many UK cities and enable adults to develop their English language skills. These may be regional learning providers or council services with their own adult learning teams. Some courses may be funded by the government or free to learners depending on their circumstances. Job Searching in the UK Some opportunities within this sector may not be formally advertised, so building contacts and networks and, in some cases, making speculative approaches will be essential. Connecting professionally with organisations and individuals through social media is also recommended as part of your strategy. Be aware that it is not uncommon for opportunities that are advertised to be available on fixed-term contracts (rather than as permanent positions). Many opportunities may also be on a part-time basis and can include weekend and evening working. The key to finding advertised positions is looking in the right places. When seeking advertised opportunities, you are advised to consider your search terms carefully as this can be the key to finding what you are looking for (or not!). The following links will be a useful starting point: • http://www.fejobs.com/ - Further Education jobs (college vacancies and post-16 education) • http://www.jobs.ac.uk/ - University Jobs (recruitment site for university level job opportunities in the UK and worldwide) bathspa.ac.uk/careers 7
• http://www.eteach.com/ - Eteach (opportunities in schools) • http://www.englishuk.com/ - English UK (national association for English language schools, includes a member’s directory to search for language schools alphabetically or by region) • http://www.britishcouncil.org/education/accreditation/centres - British Council (contains a list of all UK English language centres accredited by the British Council, searchable alphabetically) • http://www.lgjobs.com/ - Local Government Jobs • http://www.fish4.co.uk/education/ - Education Jobs • http://www.jobsgopublic.com/ - Jobs Go Public (public and charitable sector jobs) • https://www.tes.co.uk/jobs/ - Times Education Supplement Teaching TESOL abroad Types of Opportunities TESOL abroad can be broadly classified into four areas (although other types of opportunities may be available): • Private language schools • Government schools • Community projects • British Council opportunities Private Language Schools Private language schools for children and young adults exist in a number of countries abroad. They are particularly common in South Korea, Japan, China and Taiwan where there is emphasis on children undertaking extra-curricular classes to boost their educational prospects. Other language schools, particularly in Europe, may cater primarily for young and older adults wishing to improve their general English and/or business English skills in order to improve their employability. Some private language schools may be completely independent whereas others will be part of wider franchises. Be aware that language schools may not always be regulated by government bodies of a particular country, so thoroughly researching a school and speaking to current or previous foreign teachers is advisable. Typically, opportunities will be paid and may include accommodation provided by the school and return flights. Make sure you read contracts carefully and are clear about your teaching hours, particularly if they are likely to involve evening or weekend work. Government Schools Opportunities will also exist in government schools in some countries, where children and young adults take English classes along with other key curriculum subjects. You may be responsible as the English teacher to plan and deliver English lessons or you may take the role of a teaching assistant supporting the school’s permanent English teaching staff. Opportunities will be paid and may include accommodation provided by the school and return flights. It is still important to read employment contracts carefully and be clear about your teaching hours during the working week. Some examples include: EPIK (South Korea) http://www.epik.go.kr/index.do Established since 1995 and supported by Korean Ministry of Education, EPIK is a graduate scheme teaching English in government schools in South Korea. Opportunities are available teaching elementary, middle school and/or high school students in classes of 30-40 students. Mandatory orientation on arrival in bathspa.ac.uk/careers 8
the country is provided and there are various benefits to the scheme. Eligibility criteria applies. Currently, TEFL qualifications are not required but having them could benefit your application. TaLK (South Korea) http://www.talk.go.kr/talk/talk_new/content/content.jsp?menuId=010301 Established in 2008, TaLK is designed by the South Korean Government to award current undergraduates (who have completed a minimum of two years at university) and recent university graduates with the opportunity to contribute their English speaking abilities and transition this into becoming an International English Teacher. Opportunities are available in elementary schools. Eligibility criteria applies. JET (Japan) http://www.jet-uk.org/index.php Established since 1987 and supported by the Japanese Government, JET is a graduate scheme for those wishing to teach English in government schools in Japan. Opportunities are available working as an Assistant Language Teacher (ALT) to team-teach and support Japanese teachers of English teaching in elementary, junior high or senior high schools. Mandatory orientation on arrival in the country is provided and there are various benefits to the scheme. Eligibility criteria applies. A teaching qualification is not required, although an interest in education and young people is expected, as is a real enthusiasm for Japan. Applications are only accepted once a year – typically between September and November. Opportunity China https://www.opportunity-china.com/tcgp/ Partnered with a wide variety of Chinese Institutions, including language schools, public schools, kindergarten and international schools, Opportunity China is a 12 month graduate programme. You will need a degree, have a clean criminal record and possess a TEFL certificate or two years’ professional experience to apply. There are typically two intakes onto the programme each academic year. Community projects Some teaching opportunities, particularly those in developing countries, will be volunteer positions offered as part of community based projects. This means instead of receiving a salary, applicants pay a fee to cover their travel and living costs while they are teaching. Opportunities are usually advertised via UK based organisations that link with local community projects in order to supply teachers in areas where there is a need. The length of volunteer placements can vary considerably but can be as little as a few weeks and opportunities typically involve teaching children, rather than adults. Make sure you: • Read contracts carefully to understand your teaching hours and what is expected of you • Understand how your contribution is supporting the local community • Research the organisation and be aware of what your fee is paying for (e.g. how much of your fee is going towards the administration of the programme or being paid directly to the community project?) • Ideally, speak to current or previous volunteers who have worked on the same project British Council Opportunities The British Council run their own teaching centres delivering high quality English tuition to adults and young learners across the world (Europe, Asia, Africa, Central & South America, and the Middle East). As well as teaching centres, some opportunities include working off-site in university settings or with corporate clients. Teachers are employed on a variety of contracts (including freelance and fixed term). Different types of teaching posts will have different requirements, but at entry-level, requirements typically include a Cambridge CELTA or Trinity CertTESOL and two years’ experience teaching English. The British Council also run schemes for those wanting to apply for Language Assistant posts abroad. Opportunities are available across the world. Eligibility criteria applies, including the need to be a native English speaker, have completed secondary education and have completed two years of university-level bathspa.ac.uk/careers 9
education. For further information: https://www.britishcouncil.org/study-work-abroad/english-language- assistants. Job searching abroad Many opportunities will be formally advertised, but building contacts and networks, particularly if you want to establish a career in TESOL will be important to hear about opportunities that aren’t formally advertised. Connecting professionally with organisations and individuals through social media is also recommended as part of your strategy. Be aware that the majority of opportunities may be advertised for a set time period, perhaps on fixed-term contracts. Freelance work can also be available, especially if you are working as a Private Tutor. Many opportunities, particularly those in private language schools can include weekend and evening working. The key to finding advertised positions is looking in the right places. When seeking advertised opportunities, you are advised to consider your search terms carefully as this can be the key to finding what you are looking for (or not!). The following links will be a useful starting point: • http://www.tefl.com/ - TEFL opportunities worldwide • http://www.tefl.org.uk/ - TEFL opportunities worldwide • http://teflsearch.com/ - TEFL opportunities worldwide • http://www.cactustefl.com/ - TEFL opportunities worldwide • http://www.tefl.net/esl-jobs/ - TEFL opportunities worldwide • http://www.eslcafe.com/jobs/ - Dave’s ESL Café (TEFL opportunities worldwide with particular focus on China and South Korea) • https://secure.iatefl.org/jmk/jobseeker.php - International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language jobs pages • https://www.britishcouncil.org/study-work-abroad/english-language-assistants - British Council (year-long paid placement opportunities) • http://www.yearoutgroup.org/ - Year Out Group • http://www.jet-uk.org/index.php - JET Japan • http://www.epik.go.kr/index.do - EPIK Korea • http://www.talk.go.kr/talk/talk_new/content/content.jsp?menuId=010301 – TaLK South Korea) • https://www.opportunity-china.com/tcgp/ - Opportunity China • http://chinateachingexperience.com/ - The China Teaching Experience (graduates) • https://www.flying-cows.com/ - Flying Cows (opportunities in China, South Korea and Thailand) • http://jobs.theguardian.com/jobs/tefl/ - Guardian TEFL jobs • https://www.ciee.org/go-abroad/work/teach-english-abroad - CIEE Teach Abroad programmes • http://www.i-to-i.com/teach-and-travel-abroad/ - i-to-i (internships and volunteer teaching) • https://www.goabroad.com/teach-abroad - GoAbroad • https://www.aiesec.co.uk/students/ - AIESEC Global Teach Programme Practical considerations: working abroad Visas Visa requirements will vary depending on the country you intend to work in, so it is important to be clear that you meet eligibility requirements before applying for opportunities. Some schemes and employers often support the visa application process. bathspa.ac.uk/careers 10
Europe UK or EU citizens do not currently need a visa to work legally in any other country in the European Union (EU). However, following the results of the EU Referendum, UK citizens are advised to keep up-to-date with any changes via the direct gov website: https://www.gov.uk/working-abroad. Outside Europe For many countries, you may need to have a job offer prior to getting a work visa, which your prospective employer may apply for on your behalf. Always check visa requirements for the country you intend to visit. Go to: https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice for country information and https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/foreign-embassies-in-the-uk for a list of foreign embassies in the UK for more specific information. Passport Many countries will require your passport to be valid for a minimum period of time after the date you enter the country. UK Citizens can check individual country requirements on direct gov: https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice. Vaccinations You may need vaccinations for some countries. Some vaccinations may be free and obtained from visiting your GP; whereas others may require payment (this varies between private clinics). You also need to be aware of how soon before you travel you may need to be vaccinated, as this will vary depending on the type of vaccination. The NHS website provides an introduction to travel vaccinations: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Travel-immunisation/Pages/Introduction.aspx and recommends checking vaccination requirements for individual countries on the following website: http://www.fitfortravel.nhs.uk/destinations.aspx. Accommodation and living costs Depending on the type of opportunity, you will need to check if any accommodation or other living costs (e.g. bills and travel) are covered, regardless of whether you are applying for a paid opportunity or are acting as a volunteer. You may want to compare your living costs in the country you intend to work in, against those you would typically incur in your home country (particularly if you are working abroad for the longer-term). You can compare cost of living between your home country and the country you intend to work in at Numbeo: http://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/compare_countries.jsp. Some countries also provide general living costs on their government websites, so this could be another useful source of information. If you need to secure your own accommodation make sure you view accommodation with someone who speaks the local language and, if necessary, ask for any tenancy contracts to be translated. Flights and transfers Depending on the type of opportunity you secure, you may need to factor the costs of flights and transfers to get to your destination, although some opportunities will cover these costs. Health care and travel insurance If you are a UK citizen working in other European countries you may be entitled to free or reduced cost medical treatment through the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/Healthcareabroad/EHIC/Pages/about-the-ehic.aspx. Outside the European Union, you will usually have to pay for medical treatment. Travel insurance is essential cover for medical emergencies regardless of the country you will be visiting. bathspa.ac.uk/careers 11
Financial If you are earning money while you are overseas it is advisable that you inform HMRC (HM Revenue & Customs) and find out if there are any tax or National Insurance implications. You should also check any requirements to pay tax in the country you will be working in and if you are entitled to a rebate. Personal safety The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) give travel and safety advice for every country: https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice. Professional bodies • http://www.quality-tesol-ed.org.uk/ - Association for the Promotion of Quality in TESOL Education (QuiTE) • http://www.iatefl.org/ - International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language (IATEFL) Additional resources • https://issuu.com/i-to-i/docs/tefl-uncovered-low - TEFL Uncovered: How to Teach Your Way Abroad • https://www.i-to-i.com/graduates.html – Jobs Abroad for Graduates (free download) • http://www.eslcafe.com/ - Dave’s ESL Café (well established website including useful articles about how English teaching and advertising opportunities) • http://www.goinglobal.com/ - Going Global – country specific information, visa information and advice on securing opportunities abroad (including advice on typical CV structures for different countries) • http://www.elgazette.com/ - EL Gazette (for English language and international education) • http://www.i-to-i.com/contact-tefl-team/tefl-ebook.html - i-to-i Guide to Teaching your Way Abroad (produced by i-to-I, a travel organisation offering volunteering opportunities overseas, this guide contains useful self-assessment resources to help decide if TEFL teaching is for you) • http://www.prospects.ac.uk/english_as_a_foreign_language_teacher_job_description.htm - Prospects TEFL teaching job profile • https://targetjobs.co.uk/careers-advice/job-descriptions/279417-tefltesl-teacher-job-description - Target Jobs TEFL/TESL Teacher Job Description • https://targetpostgrad.com/subjects/teaching-and-education/how-to-choose-a-tefl-course-and-find- work-after-qualifying – Target Postgrad TEFL courses Further Support from Bath Spa Careers If you would like further support from Bath Spa Careers & Employability go to bathspa.ac.uk/careers to see the ways in which you can access our service, including workshops and events, appointments and to access our extensive range of resources. You can also contact Careers Reception on 01225 875525 or at careers@bathspa.ac.uk. Please note that Bath Spa Careers does not endorse particular organisations. (This guide was last updated in Summer 2019). bathspa.ac.uk/careers 12
GET A HEAD START We’re here to help you get a great start to your career. We’re open all year round, so come and visit us in the Careers Space, book an appointment, or get in touch. Careers Space, SL.G04 Steward’s Lodge careers@bathspa.ac.uk 01225 875525 www.bathspa.ac.uk/careers Follow /bathspacareers Every effort has been made to ensure the information in this leaflet is accurate but we recommend that you check all details carefully. Published September 2019 Copyright Bath Spa University Careers
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