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A Special Word of Thanks to Our Judges It is my pleasure to offer a personal welcome to the judges of the Colorado School of Mines Capstone Design@Mines Spring 2019 Design Showcase. We appreciate your willingness to take time from your normal activities to evaluate our seniors’ capstone design projects. The opportunity for our students to get feedback from experienced engineers is invaluable. The Capstone Senior Design program allows our students to demonstrate the engineering knowledge that they have acquired throughout their undergraduate course of study, and to do so in a multi-disciplinary design environment. We encourage you to spend time with the design teams and to inquire about their projects and their designs. But also ask about their design process, because in the final analysis, capstone design is as much about learning the process of design in a team environment as it is about creating a design. As these students enter the workforce, it is their ability to use design thinking methodologies that they have learned that will serve them most in their careers. We are proud of our students and their accomplishments and hope you are equally impressed. If you would like to get more involved in our program, we are always in search of more project sponsors. Let us know! Again, thank you and Happy Judging! Kevin L. Moore Vice Provost and Dean Strategic Initiatives and Integrative Programs
TABLE OF CONTENTS SUPPORTING THE PROGRAM 1 PROJECT SPONSORS 2 BECOMING A SPONSOR 3 GENERAL INFORMATION 4 PROJECT LIST 5-6 PROJECT SUMMARIES 01-55 7-41 BROADER IMPACTS ESSAY 42
SUPPORTING THE PROGRAM The Capstone Design@Mines Program relies on the generosity of our program supporters to fund our intercollegiate competition teams and community development projects, as well as to outfit the Design Laboratories and project build environments. If you or your organization are interested in supporting these elements of the program, please consider making a financial gift through the Mines Foundation or via giving.mines.edu. Make sure to clearly mark your gift for Capstone Design@Mines. Your gift is tax deductible and will make a huge impact on our students. Colorado School of Mines thanks the organizations, families, and individuals listed below who have provided valuable support to the students in our 2018-2019 program. PROGRAM PARTNERS J. Don Thorson $25,000 + Gerald & Karen Zink PROGRAM SPONSORS $10,000 – $24,999 Shell Oil Company PROGRAM SUPPORTERS Al Cohen Family $5,000 - $9,999 PROGRAM DONORS Ball Aerospace McKinstry $100 to $4,999 GPT Industries NEI Engineering IEEE Pinyon Environmental, Inc. Kiewit Corporation Sierra Nevada Corporation Lockheed Martin Orion Mr. Mike Slouka System Integration Unit SOLVE 1
PROJECT SPONSORS Colorado School of Mines thanks the individuals and organizations listed below who have served as clients for the student teams presenting today. Your donation of time, talent, and material support to our students are greatly appreciated. AIAA Student Chapter Lockheed Martin Orion System Integration Unit ASCE Mapleton Public Schools Ball Aerospace McKinstry Bio-Itza "Preserve the Source" Fund Canvas Technology CEE Dept. Mines SAE Formula Team City of Denver Mines Music Dept. City of Golden and Hike 4 Help NASA & Mines Space Resources Colorado State Patrol NEI Engineering Craig Hospital Pinyon Environmental, Inc. The Denver Zoological Foundation Quality of Life Plus Floyd Hill HOA Groundwater Committee / SOLVE SCENE Sierra Leone Freshwater Project International Mr. Jeff Schultz Global Volunteers Shell Oil Company GoFarm, Golden CO Sierra Nevada Corporation GPT Industries Mr. Mike Slouka Greenway Foundation Strategic Relationships – Petroleum Engineering Human Centered Design Studio at Mines Dr. Nils Tilton (Mechanical Engineering Dept) SpaceX Hyperloop Competition U.S. National Park Service 2
BECOMING A SPONSOR The Capstone Design@Mines Program pushes students to go beyond their classroom training and solve real-world design problems. Every semester the program coordinates more than 60 project sponsors and student design teams with meaningful design challenges, spanning a two- semester sequence that can start in either the fall semester or the spring semester. What opportunities does your organization have that could be addressed by a motivated student team? SPONSORSHIP FEE Corporate project sponsors pay a sponsorship fee, of which up to half is made available to the student team for purchasing materials or other project expenses. The remainder supports program facilities, staff, and overhead. Government agencies, NGOs, and other community groups pay a significantly reduced fee and any project material costs. TIME COMMITMENT The involvement of the project sponsor is a key factor in the success of the project. Great project sponsors will commit approximately one- hour every other week to support the student team and ensure a touch point with the team (face-to-face meeting, Zoom or Skype call, etc.) In addition, we also welcome any training or on-site resources that you can make available to the students. GETTING STARTED Check out our website at https://capstone.mines.edu/project-sponsorship/ for additional information on becoming a sponsor or send an email to deisgn@mines.edu to start exploring opportunities with program staff. 3
GENERAL INFORMATION DESIGN SHOWCASE JUDGES’ AGENDA Time Description Location 7:30 – 9:00 Welcome Breakfast sponsored by the CSM Student Center Grand Ballroom Foundation, plus Judge Registration / Check-in 8:30 – 9:00 Judge Registration / Check-in (if not attending Lockridge Arena, Student the breakfast) Recreation Center 9:00 – 11:00 Design Showcase Lockridge Arena, Student Recreation Center FINDING YOUR WAY AROUND A floor plan of the Design Showcase is included in the front of this program for your convenience. JUDGES’ LOUNGE Snacks and beverages are available for judges in the Judges Lounge, directly across from the doors to Lockridge Arena. Please feel free to take a break from talking with the teams and grab a beverage or snack in the lounge at any time. SCORING We seek to achieve consistency in project evaluations between judges. With that in mind, the Capstone Design faculty have developed the scoring ballot to aid your judging. Each evaluation category includes prompting descriptions to guide the evaluation process. To evaluate a team, please select one of the descriptive words for each evaluation criteria. Scores are automatically tallied within the balloting system; you do not need to provide a numeric assessment. 4
SPRING 2019 DESIGN PROJECTS This semester, we are proud to present the work of 52 design teams, some of which are represented by multiple sub-teams, at the Capstone Design@Mines Spring 2019 Design Showcase. A list of the student design teams is provided below. In addition, each team has provided a short synopsis of their design challenge, which you will find in the following pages. Team Team Number Project Number Project 1 ASCE Steel Bridge Team 24 Prosthetic Arm Shooting Assistant Field and Stream Outdoor Sports 3 SpaceX Hyperloop Pod Competition 25 Adaptations NASA RASC-AL Moon to Mars Ice & 4 26 Wearable FES Device Prospecting Challenge 5 NASA Robotic Mining Competition 27 Accessible Welding Table Adaptive Quadriplegic/Tetraplegic Fly 6 ASCE Concrete Canoe Competition 28 Fishing Device 7 AIAA Design, Build, Fly Competition 29a HCDS: Tow Stroller HCDS: Socks for Hawks – Protective 8 Shell Eco-Marathon 29b Raptor Booties HCDS: Protective Cover for Transfemoral 9 NASA 3D Printed Habitat Challenge 29c Prosthesis Colorado State Patrol Accident Reconstruction 11 29d HCDS: More for your MOAR Vehicle 12 Connecting People with Mobility Challenges 29e HCDS: Adaptable Pedal Bar 13 RMNP - Beaver Meadows Water System 29f HCDS: Handcycle Grips 14 Bent’s Old Fort Trail and Bridge Project 29g HCDS: Backcountry Rickshaw 15 Everest Trekking Route Toilet 30 Floyd Hill Groundwater Planning Adventure Elementary Outdoor Learning 16 Bio-Itzá Eco-Cottages 31 Park 17 Adonkia Community Learning Center 32 Orion Crew System Components Design 18 GoFarm Gen 2 Container 33 Seismic Wall Sleeve Lightning Suppression Flange with 19 Village Power-Up 34 Isolation Monitor 20 Clean Accessible Water 35 Multi-Copter Supply Aircraft McKinstry - Mines Campus Energy 21 Water Purification and Conveyance System 36 Assessment Clean River Design Challenge - Team Trash Wind Farm MV Power Collection System 22 37 Trouts Design 23 Prosthetic Arm Accessories Project 38 Next Gen Reverse Osmosis Desalination 5
SPRING 2019 DESIGN PROJECTS (continued) Team Team Number Project Number Project Water Drone – Water Quality & Flow 39 Net Zero Housing Retrofit 46 Measurement 40 CANVAS Technology Autonomous Cart 48 Undertray for Formula SAE 41 RF Antenna/Sensor 49 Clean River Design Challenge 42 Remote Sensing and Data Analytics 50 Ultrasonic 3D Metals Printer Mines’ Music Room Lighting and Sound 43a Electric Downhole Tractor 51 Grid 43b FracOPTIMAL3 – Disruptive Downhole Tractors 52 Mobile Vehicle Topper 43c Downhole Tractor – Hydraulic Team 53 Predator Ridge Puzzle Box 44 Tall Wood Building - Shake & Bake 54 Predator Ridge Puzzle Box 45 Retrofit of Coolbaugh Hall 55 Prosthetic Air Pocket System 6
F18-01 | ASCE Steel Bridge Team The ASCE Steel Bridge Competition challenges students to construct a steel Team members: bridge in an annual competition. The competition involves teams designing a Duane Davidson steel bridge and assembling the bridge as fast and efficiently as possible. Jason Husmann Bridges typically span about twenty feet and must carry 2500 pounds Jenna Lucas without failing or deflecting more than three inches. The competition is held Jeremy Nguyen Jeff Olson on the regional and then the national level, with participants from Drey Walburg universities across the US. Transcending classroom instructions, the competition tests students’ ability Advisor & consultants: Jeff Holley to take apply material and structural knowledge. The final bridge needed to Brenna Svoba span twenty-two feet and offset footings. This year’s competition prompt required the team to critically think to overcome design challenges. We Sponsor: needed to optimize the design in order to keep the weight as low as possible Zimkor while also keeping deflection to a minimum. Once the design was finalized, Kiewit the team transitioned into the shop to begin the fabrication process. Steel pipes and rods were cut to length and then welded together, following the team’s design. Once the bridge was completely fabricated, the team transitioned into the final phase of construction. The team has dedicated the remaining time before the competition to decreasing the amount of time required to construct the bridge to competition standards. Figure 1: Isometric View of Final Steel Bridge Design 7
F18-03 | SpaceX Hyperloop Pod Competition The Hyperloop, brainchild of Elon Musk, is a proposed new method of Team members: transportation that aims to reduce traffic congestion by connecting high Kieran Breitner population city pairs, or other popular paired destinations, such as the Robin Evans Denver Airport and Vail Resort. Diggerloop was tasked with designing a Tyler Fenton Hyperloop pod that will compete for the top-speed title in a 0.8 mile long Ilan Gerson steel tube while racing on a custom I-beam rail. Seth Green Arthur Jardin The Diggerloop team approached the project as a systems-level design with Tristan Lee Will Machemer four core systems. The Propulsion team designed the pod to drive on the Jordan Miyake top surface via a specialized rubber tire, which is driven by a nearly 500 hp Clayton Oehrlein electric motor. This tire is clamped to the rail to increase friction and allow Andrew Pearce for a higher acceleration. The pod is powered by state-of-the-art battery Zach Sheldon technology and utilizes a NI cRIO microcontroller to handle the high sampling Aaron Siu Cale Waress rates necessary for safe operation of our controls and communication Forrest Werner protocol. The Braking team designed a two-part system composed of (1) Mandy Whitaker magnetic eddy current brakes, which provide the initial and primary braking force, and (2) pneumatic actuated friction brakes, used for the secondary Advisors & consultants: braking phase and emergency braking. Stability for the pod is provided via a Mr. Karl Grueschow 3-part stability system that can independently support the weight of the Dr. Kristy Csavina Mr. Darren McSweeney pod, keep the pod aligned on the rail, and prevent detachment from the rail Dr. Andrew Petruska during operation. Fabrication and testing will continue through the summer to support a track test in early fall. F18-04 | NASA RASC-AL Moon to Mars Ice & Prospecting Challenge With the recent discovery that liquid water once populated the surface of Mars and still exists in subterranean quantities today, the challenge of Team members: developing technology capable of extracting and utilizing that liquid water has Nathan Vermeer begun with agencies such as NASA leading the charge in the form of Branden Sage Neary Alexandra Garza sponsoring and funding university teams to design and innovate revolutionary Samuel Kincaid new ways of solving this problem. William Hayne Jacob Malkin NASA has tasked qualifying teams with the specific goal of extracting water Arvad Budijanto from solid ice and assessing subsurface density profiles from simulated Deep Joshi Martian subsurface ice. The Mines FIRE Drill (Fluid and Ice Recovery and Evaluation Drill) team utilizes a rotary percussive drill with a sleeve body and a Advisor & consultants: revolutionary heat probe design to drill into Martian simulant and ice. Using David Dickson Dr. Angel Abbud-Madrid forced convection to inundate the subsurface ice, the system will then use a water re-circulation system of reheated water to further melt the ice. The Sponsor: system of recirculation revolutionizes the way subsurface ice can be melted NASA and collected more efficiently than previously design teams. Our group is 1 of 10 university teams from across the U.S. selected in the final competition held at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton Virginia during June. 8
F18-05 | NASA Robotic Mining Competition Space Resources will play a vital role in humanity’s expansion into space. The Team members: most important of these resources is water. Water can be used for life Gavin Baird support, radiation shielding, and most importantly, rocket fuel. Mining water Luke Bowersox on the moon will help reduce costs and enable deep space exploration. Ben Burckel Jacob Drozdowicz We are designing and building a fully autonomous robot capable of John Fuller Carlita Gorham performing mining operations on the Lunar surface. The NASA competition Adam Marcinkowski takes place in a simulant that almost exactly mirrors the mechanical Colby Moxham properties of real lunar regolith. The robot is designed to survive in these Lewis Setter harsh conditions. The goal is to mine 10 kg of gravel, simulating ice, buried Zach Trott under a foot of simulant, and return it to a collection bin. All while navigating Olivia West simulated Lunar terrain. This will be performed both via teleoperation, and Advisor & consultants: autonomously. David Dickson Sponsor: Our robot uses a simple and proven design. Reliability and low mass are the Angel Abbud-Madrid driving constraints. Our excavation system was designed using the experiences of terrestrial mining operations. Our autonomy system uses COTS parts and software designed for industrial automation. Composite structures and additive manufacturing are used to optimize mass. Our design is refined through constant testing and iteration in the newly constructed Mines Lunar Regolith Test Bed. F18-06 | ASCE Concrete Canoe The 2019 CSM ASCE Concrete Canoe team has worked to produce our exemplary canoe, The Kraken, for competition this year. Our main challenges Team members: included developing a new hull design for optimal speed and maneuverability, Brandon Bergmann testing a textured exterior on the canoe to enhance its aesthetic quality, and Grant Martin Shelby Palisoul streamlining the canoe construction process to increase efficiency. These were Abbie Steiner addressed through numerous innovations, which extend to all subdivisions Erika Stromerson and milestones of the project. Emmy Tran Adam Trujillo The team’s most significant innovation this year is the exterior texture on the Lindsey Whittington canoe. After successful preliminary tests, wood-grain textured vinyl was placed inside the prepared final mold to have the canoe’s exterior resemble a Advisor & consultants: wooden boat. The exterior was also made more realistic through application Jeffrey Holley (PA) of a sprayable aesthetic concrete mix, dyed brown. Andres Guerra (Consultant) Carly Paige (Consultant) The hull design has been changed significantly from last year, with a flared profile and slight keel to aid in maneuverability. Drag tests performed on the Sponsor: texture indicate that the texture will not significantly reduce speed at Dillon Davisson (Kiewit) competition. Mold construction was also streamlined through a unique process where expanded polystyrene foam (ESP) was traced, cut, and tensioned on a sled system. 9
F18-07 | AIAA Design, Build, Fly Competition Every year, the American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Team members: produces mission requirements for their Design, Build, Fly competition. Robert Frazier Universities across the world design remote-controlled aircraft from scratch, Ryan Friedman build them in-house, and then compete at the annual flyoff. For this year’s Adam Matthews competition, our aircraft was meant to mimic a carrier-launched aircraft. Joseph Pearse This meant our plane had to have folding wings, a short wheelbase, attack Benjamin Pemble Joseph Phair store accommodation, radome accommodation, and short takeoff capability. Zachary Sparling The Colorado School of Mines team, Team BurroWorks, approached this Jonathon Zimmerman problem by finding the limiting factor on our aircraft performance. Through Advisor & consultants: analysis, it was determined that our 10-foot takeoff restriction would be the Robert Huehmer largest inhibiting factor – therefore the design focused on maximizing lift and takeoff speed. As a result, our final aircraft features a 5.4-foot wingspan, 2 foot chord, a high-lift airfoil, and an approximately 1:1 thrust:weight ratio. Preliminary testing has put our takeoff speed at about 15 mph, cruise speed around 25 mph, and maximum speed around 50 mph. The motors are capable of pulling about 1.5 kW from the batteries on takeoff and is expected to fly for 7-8 minutes when flying efficiently. It is capable of carrying at least 4 attack stores or one 12-inch diameter radome. 10
F18-08 | Shell Eco-Marathon We are Mines Eco-Works, the Colorado School of Mines team in the 2019 Team members: Shell Eco-Marathon Competition. Our team consists of 12 hardworking Weston Mauz engineering students - two electrical and nine mechanical. We were tasked Daniel Dickason with building a car that can compete in the Shell sponsored Eco-Marathon Michelle Visconti competition. The Shell Eco-Marathon competition is all about efficiency, not Evan Daily Arran James speed. So, in order to maximize efficiency, we made our primary goal to Eythan Brynteson create a lightweight car. During the competition, we will have a driver drive Hazen Goodyear a fixed number of laps around the road track at Sonoma Raceway, and the Cole Moffitt vehicle's efficiency will be calculated after finishing the laps. The team that Chris Ciccarelli completes the course with the highest efficiency wins the race. Our car, the Sean Doherty H3M, will be three-wheeled with an aluminum chassis and carbon fiber shell. Becca Conway Keenan Willits The car's propulsion comes from a brushed, 350W DC motor that is powered Advisor & consultants: by a 24V, 8Ah battery. We have met our goal of being light weight by Bill Sekulic utilizing aluminum and carbon fiber. This combination has led to significant Kyle Hilberg weight savings when compared to last year’s team. Sponsors: Shell EvoTek Steelhead Composites F18-09 | NASA 3D Printed Habitat Challenge We are the Mines Martian Manufacturers competing in the NASA 3D Printed Habitat Challenge. Our ultimate goal is to 3D print concrete habitats for Team members: astronauts on Mars. With help from our sponsor, Icon, we have built our own Bryce Bartolomeo gantry-style concrete printer that has a 23 by 25-foot base and stands over 15 Ben English Geoffrey Keating feet high. Throughout the year, we have designed a Martian habitat that can Garon Kirschbaum sustain four astronauts for one year without resupply. We have also Grant McHargue developed our own unique concrete mix using materials naturally found on Nicole Stackhouse Mars. The final stage of the Challenge involves 3D printing a 1:3 scale model of the habitat at an on-site competition against other universities and companies Advisor & consultants: from around the world. David Dickson Dr. Christopher Dreyer Sponsor: Icon 11
F18-11 | Colorado State Patrol Accident Reconstruction Vehicle Millions of Americans rely on vehicles for transportation. According to the Team members: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), a car crash occurs Austin (Uhing) Promenschenkel every minute somewhere in the United States. Regardless of the outcome of Paul Quintana a crash, it is important to be able to determine what caused the crash and Sam Slusser who was at fault to assist with legal proceedings and insurance claims. The Jennifer Compton people responsible for investigating cause and fault are law enforcement Charles Courtad Brennan Smith officers. Like any profession, officers require training to learn how to do Cameron Schade their jobs. We have designed and built a system to assist with this training Carter Hohne for the Colorado State Patrol. Brian Hanagan Austin Crumb The system will allow state troopers to remotely control a car to reconstruct Rafe McAtee crashes as part of their training program. Currently, cars are manually Jacob Gerecht positioned and pushed together using other vehicles to cause a collision. This is done at low speeds and requires trial and error work to successfully cause Advisor & consultants: a collision, which can take a lot of time. Our design will allow cars to be Robin Steele crashed while traveling at higher speeds and will drastically decrease the Sponsor: time needed to reconstruct a crash. This project offered technical challenges Colorado State Patrol ranging from machining custom aluminum parts to interfacing with a PS4 controller, transmitting the user’s commands wirelessly, and using them to control motors which manipulate the steering wheel and pedals. A SolidWorks model of our system 12
F18-12 | Connecting People with Mobility Challenges The City and County of Denver seeks to address the diverse transportation Team members: needs of a growing population in 2019. Increasing transportation efficiency Paul Stanfel requires understanding the unique ways individuals utilize public Gabi Choi transportation services to meet their daily needs and ensuring these services Dylan Eberhard are accessible to everyone. Our team is working with Denver Smart City to Syahirah Saharudin address the needs of visually impaired pedestrians in order to create more Elizabeth Sampley Joshua Urbonas accessible and inclusive modes of transportation. After completing user interviews to better understand how visually impaired individuals navigate Advisor & consultants: the city and connect to their environment, our team identified the need for Susan Anderson creating a new avenue for sharing information at bus stops. Emily Silverman Kevin Coyne The “Talking Bus Stop” (TBS) will: Sponsor: 1. Receive real time bus data from Denver Smart City RTD web services. 2. Using a text-to-speech module, output real time data including gate number, bus route, and arrival times. 3. Provide audible location information via Bluetooth F18-13 | RMNP - Beaver Meadows Water System For the millions of people who visit Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) every year, having access to clean water is as important as ever. As the current Team members: water treatment system became outdated, the park faced renewed concerns Kristen Brandecker about water quality. Three alternatives were presented to solve this problem: Stephen Foster upgrading the current water treatment plant, connecting the park’s water Christian Kappel Joon Moon system to the town of Estes Park, and a hybrid option combining the two Adam Morroni previous alternatives. Charles Ramey Kaitlyn Sengenberger After evaluation of environmental, health, and economic factors for all three options and delivering a feasibility study, the first alternative was chosen for Advisor & consultants: design. This design of an updated water treatment plant uses filtration media Bahman Rejai, CSM PA to address iron content that exceeds maximum contaminant levels. The AdEdge Water Technologies system will also help mitigate the formation of disinfectant byproducts. Sponsor: National Park Service 13
F18-14 | Bent’s Old Fort Trail and Bridge Project Bent’s Old Fort National Historic Site in La Junta commemorates the former Team members: Santa Fe Trail trading hub and staging area for the Mexican-American War in Wyatt Ellis 1846. The reconstructed fort and surrounding area are currently open to Ashley Johnson visitors for tours, demonstrations, and nature walks on its trail. This design Nicole Karasik project was proposed to our team to improve the visitor experience and James Mitchell accessibility at the site. The primary goal of the project was to design a Joseph Plunkett Logan Schmitt boardwalk along a stretch of wetlands trail at the park. A boardwalk would Jake Snyder allow greater accessibility for all visitors along the trail, especially during periods of the year when this portion of the path is flooded. The secondary Advisor & consultants: goal of the project was to identify an appropriate crossing location along the Lisa Woodward Arkansas River for a pedestrian bridge and to develop preliminary schematics for the bridge. We have developed a boardwalk design that will Sponsor: span nearly 500 linear feet while allowing increased wetland flow and National Park Service maintaining ADA accessibility. Included in this design are a wildlife viewing platform and resting area. Additionally, we completed preliminary schematics and abutment calculations for the bridge. This design ties in many features of the park and provides visitors the experience of crossing the former Mexican-American border. The bridge is located adjacent to the boardwalk, designating a focal point in the trail. F18-15 | Everest Trekking Route Toilet As part of City of Golden’s ongoing partnership with local nonprofit Hike for Help, the Everest Trekking Route Toilet Team was challenged with coming up Team members: with an innovative sanitation solution. Currently over 40,000 tourists travel to Meagan Lundgren the Khumbu Valley of Nepal, home to the Everest Base Camp Trail, and there Evelyn Lundeen Zachary Moan are limited options for public restrooms. This is causing severe environmental Nicole Holland degradation and creating a large potential for public health risks to the local Devin Reasoner people. Megan Freytag Austin Hayes Implementing a solution in the Khumbu Valley presents a unique and challenging set of limitations. Approximately 45 sites are planned for this Advisor & consultants: project long term. The suggested locations for these sites span over 40 miles John Persichetti and 9000 ft in vertical elevation gain. There are no roads, and more than half John Spear of the sites lack access to water or electricity. Sponsor: The solution involves technology that separates solid and liquid waste by way City of Golden- Anne Beierle of a mechanical conveyor belt. This separation is critical to the feasibility of the solution. Not only does the separation reduce both volume and mass of waste, but it helps prevent the growth of pathogens. It provides additional benefits such as allowing composting in difficult circumstances and reduction of odors. 14
F18-16 | Bio-Itzá Eco-Cottages The Bio-Itzá Eco-Cottage team designed and modeled a self-sustaining eco- Team members: village to help generate a sustainable source of revenue for the Maya-Itzá Meghan Anderson community in Guatemala. The project was broken down into three technical Noah Au-Yeung subsystems that addressed water, power, and living accommodations. In Lukas Erickson addition, extensive community engagement focused on incorporating Maggie Guinta feedback from the villagers and sustaining the Maya-Itzá culture. While the Rebecca Jewell Spencer Schrandt technical subsystems were interconnected and complex, it was the Blake Standley community outreach that lent this project its unique flair. The team traveled Dot Walch to the site in Guatemala and maintained communication with the community to investigate the site, hold a community meeting, and ensure Advisor & consultants: that the final design represented the goals of the Bio-Itzá community. After Robin Steele overcoming technical challenges and narrowing the scope of the project, the team and community collaborated on a design of three cottages with rain Sponsor: Bio-Itzá “Preserve the Force” catchment and off-grid power systems. The design also included retrofitting Fund and Phia Lab an existing structure, building a storage structure to house the power system, and designing a pavilion for medicinal plant workshops. The team has been thrilled to collaborate with the Maya-Itzá community and is proud to present an interactive scale model, construction drawings, marketing deliverables, and future recommendations to contribute to the community’s mission for conservation and preserving their culture. 15
F18-17 | Adonkia Community Learning Center SCENE Sierra Leone aims to provide access to education for the community Team members: of Adonkia in Sierra Leone. Adonkia is a community that desires education, Kristen Baker yet the school system in Sierra Leone is often expensive and unreliable. Benjamin Lin Additionally, there is currently no place for adults to receive an education or Trevor Lockman for the community to learn computer skills. The Adonkia Community Stephen Reed Learning Center is a center for education for both children and adults. The Jared Rodriguez April Wood building design includes 2 open plan classrooms, a library, a computer skills lab, and a community garden. Advisor & consultants: Robin Bullock Our design is a collaborative effort with the community to create a learning center that best fits their wants and needs. The project is designed to be Sponsor: built with local materials and labor, which will provide the community with SCENE Sierra Leone income. The center is low cost and efficient by utilizing renewable energy using local solar power resources and integrating passive cooling into the building design. Additionally, it will provide a sustainable source for clean drinking water using a filter that will be made and maintained in Adonkia. The center also has supplementary water storage during the 7 months year that has no rain water. This project aims to support and empower to community of Adonkia and create a sustainable resource that can be used by the community for years to come. F18-18 | GoFarm Gen 2 Container The goals of the project were to reduce the environmental footprint and energy demand of the GoFarm refrigerated shipping containers. These goals Team members: support GoFarm’s mission to increase access to more affordable local food for Mary Lobato everyone in Colorado, while offering a fair market price to local farmers for Denver Luttrell Nathaniel Morrison their product. Colton Synder Kevin Szuch The Gen 2 Container reduces its environmental impact by producing energy Jonathan Vinton through solar panels. We strove to increase community engagement with GoFarm stakeholders by providing solutions that reinforced GoFarm’s mission. Advisor & consultants: This collaboration between GoFarm and Mines is a continuation of Mine’s Jeff Meurer strategic partnership with GoFarm to promote food justice and access in Anthony Halsch Golden. Sponsor: GoFarm - Eileen O’Rourke 16
F18-19 | Village Power-Up Global Volunteers is a non-profit organization that has launched the Team members: Reaching Children’s Potential program in Ipalamwa, Tanzania to tend to the Khalissa Surghani community’s epidemic of childhood stunting. In hopes to expand their Joseph Popp humanitarian efforts provided for the mothers and children of Ipalamwa, Keenan Urmann they have expressed interested in extending their outreach to improving the Evan Schertz quality of life for the entirety of the community. Thus, Ruth Curran from Global Volunteers has engaged the team to explore the potential need for Advisor & consultants: John Persichetti electrification in the village. Michael Yost Dr. Pankaj Sen After a thorough assessment of community outreach of surveys and an on- site visit to Ipalmawa, the team came to a consensus on a final design Sponsor: concept of the power pavilion. The design is a centralized power system Global Volunteers - Ruth Curran enabling locals’ access to electricity sentient of cultural impact. With the existing use and access of cell phones already in place within the village, the pavilions will provide power needed to charge personal electronic devices as well as batteries. The system will be generated by solar panels integrated into the roof of the charging hub as this energy source is readily viable and favored by the community. The proposed concept was designed to be scalable and sustainable to ensure relevancy to not only to Ipalamwa, but to other villages associated with Global Volunteers in hopes of potential replication. 17
F18-20 | Clean Accessible Water The purpose of this project was to design improvements to a pipeline system Team members: carrying water from a small river to a village called Ipalamwa in central Emily Bagnell Tanzania. In addition, the team was asked to add a water filter to the system. Megan Coney Rennosuke Hankawa Our solution includes three parts: an intake structure at the river, an Braeden Grimsby improved pipeline system going from the river to the village, and a water Nick Markwirth filter at the village. The intake structure consists of a Ogee weir and a Michael Maxwell Coanda screen to prevent debris such as soil, leaves, or other organic Alice Wilbur material from entering the pipeline. The filter is a slow-sand filter located in Advisor & consultants: a central location in Ipalamwa. It removes both pathogens and viruses and Lisa Woodward - Project requires minimal maintenance. Advisor Sponsor: Ruth Curran - Global Volunteers F18-21 | Water Purification and Conveyance System Clean drinking water is a valuable but limited resource. Across the globe, approximately 780 million people do not have access to a sanitary drinking Team members: water source. As a result, millions of people are exposed to waterborne Davies Alongo diseases such as: Cholera, bilharzia, stomach ulcers and ultimately death. Denise Beltran Studies conducted by the World Health Organization indicate that sub- Rachel Chaggaris Saharan Africa has one of the lowest coverages of sanitary water at 31%. In an John Clary effort to provide two Malawi villages with clean water, Team Malawi paired Griffin Mulvaney Acacia Ortiz up with Fresh Water Project International (FPI) for the Water Conveyance and Purification Project. The objective of the project is to provide the villages of Advisor & consultants: Muhiyo and Margareta in Malawi, Africa with a purification system to clean Mark Florida water from a borehole. Team Malawi has designed two filter systems that are Chris Bellona low cost, culturally acceptable, locally sourced, and effective in purifying water. The first method involves filtration using folded chitenge, a cloth Sponsor: commonly worn by Malawian women. The alternative method is the use of a Heidi Rickels multi-media filter consisting of multiple layers of filtration media housed by Freshwater Project five-gallon plastic buckets. The results demonstrate that the filter systems are International effective in trapping potentially dangerous microorganisms. 18
F18-22 | Clean River Design Challenge-Team Trash Trouts Trash and debris in urban waterways pose a threat not only to the integrity Team members: of the environment, but also to the water quality in the City of Denver. Team Kent Scott Trash Trouts was tasked with designing and prototyping a trash collection Natalie Haber and removal device to function in the South Platte River, near Confluence Matt Hansing Park. The Clean River Design Challenge is a competition split into two parts. Isaac Jimenez Jr. Sean Kelly The first semester focused on the design of the device, and the second Jack McNamara semester focused on building and testing a prototype. In the first semester, Team Trash Trouts created the Trash Trap, a dual cage and boom system Advisor & consultants: that allows for collection of trash and easy removal by a rail system mounted Lisa Woodward to a concrete wall on the side of the river. The design allowed for easy maintenance as well as effective collection of trash. In the first round of the Sponsor: competition, Team Trash Trouts was the first-place team. In the second Lauren Berent Devon Buckels semester, the team focused on building and testing a scaled prototype in preparation for the competition at the Bureau of Reclamation in April. During this time, the team focused on ensuring that the removal functionality of the device was operational. This testing and iteration allowed for the success of Team Trash Trouts in the second round of the competition. F18-23 | Prosthetic Arm Accessories Project Taylor Morris is military veteran who served as an EOD technician in Afghanistan. After stepping on an Team members: IED which resulted in the loss of all four limbs, he Michael Agostini Gangwish began a long journey back to independence. Taylor Matthew Becker currently uses a myoelectric prosthetic arm and Thomas Hall Ryan Manning struggles picking up pens and knives, pointing to John Nabholz things, lighting his wood stove, and finding things in the dark. For this reason, he wanted to integrate a Advisor & consultants: pen, knife, lighter, laser pointer, and flashlight into Robin Bullock his prosthetic arm. As a team, we successfully Zach Harvey integrated these daily use objects directly into his current prosthetic arm using only mechanical forms Sponsor: Quality of Life Plus (QL +) of actuation. The operation of each tool requires two Taylor Morris discernible movements. Along with locking mechanisms, this ensures safe use and storage of all tools. The product provides Taylor with direct access to the daily use items without altering his myoelectric prosthetic function. Access to these tools increases Taylor’s independence and provides for a higher quality of life. 19
F18-24 | Prosthetic Arm Shooting Assistant Team Fully Armed was commissioned by Quality of Life Plus to create a rifle Team members: adaptation to return traditional shooting capabilities to Jorge Segura, a Jon Heier Marine who received an upper arm amputation from injuries sustained Delaney Henry during combat. With this came a set of goals, including creating a safe Chanise Hoffmann adaptation, and an ambidextrous solution, as well as set of constraints, Kassidy Knutson Harrison Koh including but not limited to the team’s technical ability and access to Averie Mansfield resources. Advisor & consultants: The final solution is a mechanical linkage bar system between the firearm’s Sue Anderson trigger and an ambidextrous foretrigger. A custom 3D printed foregrip was Court Allen created for the end user’s firearm, allowing the additional trigger to be installed and used as part of the solution. Actuating the forward trigger Sponsor: causes the linkage bar system to slide backwards, which actuates the Quality of Life Plus (QL +) standard trigger. This allows the end user to fire a firearm with their dominant eye while shooting in a non-dominant eye hand configuration or vice-versa. We’d like to thank Quality of Life Plus and Court Allen for this opportunity to improve Mr. Segura’s quality of life. F18-25 | Field and Stream Outdoor Sports Adaptations The mission of Quality of Life Plus is to foster and generate innovations that aid and improve the quality of life for those who have served our country. To Team Members: fulfill this mission, Quality of Life Plus delivered three separate challenges for Ian Cheatum the team to complete: Sean Fennig Mali Glaister 1. design a release adaptation to allow individuals without hand function Nickolas DeBruyn to shoot a compound or recurve bow Monica Hoskins Zīle Humeyumptewa 2. design a device that allows quadriplegic users to fish in any capacity Nicole Demby 3. design an adaptation that assists quadriplegic and paraplegic users in Gunnar Englund the pursuit of effectively shooting trap and skeet. Kody Gabossi Luke Golter The team was broken up into three subgroups to address these three Cole Kuzawa challenges separately. The subgroups developed the following solutions: Colin Morris Joseph Virga Advisor & Consultants: Donna Bodeau Court Allen Bob Adwar Sponsor: Quality of Life Plus (QL +) (Adaptive Release) (Sip n’ Puff Fishing Pole) (Adaptive Shooting Stand) 20
F18-26 | Wearable FES Device The goal of this project is to research and design a wearable medical device Team members: which uses electric current to induce functional muscle contraction in Annelyse Baker patients. Many of the patients treated at Craig Hospital experience a loss of Kara Burton the ability to contract muscle groups, ranging from a single muscle to full Jay Drobnick Alex Santilli paralysis. The inability to willingly contract muscles can result in atrophy. Dakota Showman This project aims to aid these patients by providing a low cost, open source, Triston Sisneros and portable solution for muscle stimulation. Our design fulfills this goal by providing a compact and modular Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) Advisor & consultants: device. It has two channels for muscle stimulation that can be controlled by Dr. Kristine Csavina the user interface. The controls system generates signals from user inputs Patrick Wagner which get fed to the power amplification system. This system amplifies the Sponsor: signal using MOSFETs and transformers; it connects it to the patient using Craig Hospital standard leads. The housing is designed to keep users from accessing dangerous circuitry while maintaining functionality. Safety, one of the most important subsystems, has system-wide integration. There are triggers in the controls to shut down the device if an input signal is not in a specified range as well as diodes in the circuit to cut off the signal from the patient if power exceeds limitations. Extensive testing was completed on substitute skin models using laboratory equipment; this allowed for multiple iterations of the device until a desirable outcome was reached. F18-27 | Accessible Welding Table The goal of this project was to construct an accessible welding bench to facilitate welding for someone in a wheelchair with reduced function. Most Team members: welders are able to move themselves around the workpiece; however, this is Brennan King Drewe Lee difficult for wheelchair users and paraplegics. Weston Stong Wyatt Kinion The welding table is height adjustable from 13”-43.5” in order to accommodate a wide range of accessibility needs, which includes manual and Advisor & consultants: powered wheelchair users as well as full paraplegics with limited trunk Dr. Kristine Csavina stability. This table also includes a 30” overhung turntable which helps the Prof. Jim Wong welder access all sides of a workpiece without repositioning or sacrificing Dr. Anthony Petrella comfort and stability. Also, with operator safety being a primary concern, the Patrick Wagner stabilizing legs and safety bar mitigate any risk of the table tipping or Sponsor: collapsing while in use. Craig Hospital The 5/8” perforations are common on any industrial welding table for making jigs and using standard clamps, but the heavy-duty features catered to facilitating accessibility are completely unique to this design. This welding bench is not only for Craig Engineering’s use but will be utilized in the Hospital’s rehabilitation program for injured tradesmen and any other patient who wants to learn the craft. The team has been grateful to assist Craig Hospital with this project and is proud of the finished product. 21
F18-28 | Adaptive Quadriplegic/Tetraplegic Fly Fishing Device Challenge: To create a device that would enable a paralyzed individual being Team members: guided down a river to fly fish. User interface is outside the project scope. Joseph Bartman Allee Zarrini Our Unique Solution: Quinn Wallace Keith Fox Team Reel deal’s solution to this challenge is simple yet robust. With space John Ebers and weight limitations, the team needed to consider every design factor Alejandro Mendoza carefully. The final product demonstrates the abilities of this team perfectly. Through maximization of stock parts and skillful machining the team saved Advisor & consultants: Dr. Kristine Csavina money where necessary while also achieving the capabilities desired. Pairing Patrick Wagner advanced custom feedback control with two separate geared drivetrains enables fly fishing functions including false casting, setting a hook, line Sponsor: retrieval, and most importantly a concise cast. The team accomplished Craig Hospital everything from human cast analysis to providing a final prototype both under budget and within the allotted time. Next Steps: To enable quad/tetra users to fly fish this system will be installed on the raft frame with a user interface. Development of the interface system by a separate team dictates completion around summer 2020. F18-29a | HCDS: Tow Stroller Lydia is a little girl with intractable epilepsy, brain malformations, and diminished white matter. While she does not have a definitive diagnosis, she is Team members: thought to have a type of leukodystrophy. Maggie Paran Cassidy Wurth Lydia’s family enjoys being outdoors; and some common family activities often Erik Backman Madayln Eustis include going for walks both on paved pathways and rocky trails. She has Cody Ullestad specialized chairs for different activities such as a jogging stroller and a pull- behind bike trailer. Although Lydia’s current wheelchair keeps her in Advisor & consultants: comfortable position and has all of the necessary devices to keep her safe and Joel Bach secure, it lacks the ability to traverse over gravel or sand. Chelsea Salinas Mark & Danae Whipp Our design provides sufficient stability, safety, and utility specified to Lydia’s needs, as well as the user. The device frame maintains at least a 30-degree Sponsor: angle, which is the most comfortable for Lydia. The mono-wheel and body Mines HCDS harness allows the user to tow Lydia comfortably as well and maneuver well on any terrain on the family’s favorite trails. Various attachments can be used for storage, feeding, and shade. 22
F18-29b | HCDS: Socks for Hawks – Protective Raptor Booties Our team in the Human Centered Design Studio broadened our focus from Team members: people to animals. We have been designing a bootie system to protect Emma Bennett raptor’s feet while in captivity. Despite trying to mimic nature, simulated Madalyn Eustis environments tend to be rougher on raptors and can lead to a condition Kamren Wong Brad Ingle called Bumblefoot, where blisters and lacerations can form on the bottom of Bea Uy raptor’s feet. Bumblefoot is difficult to treat and prevent. Current methods Sam Mestaes involve restraining the hawk to wrap their feet using medical tape, but this is Alex Blanchard time and material intensive. Our goal, therefore, is to create an easy to apply bootie system that protects the raptor’s foot for healing, but still allowing Advisor & consultants: the raptor full use of its foot. Anne Price Chelsea Salinas Our design involves a combination of antimicrobial neoprene, nylon, and spandex to protect and pad the foot from irritations. The neoprene is placed Sponsor: Human Centered Design Studio/ directly underfoot since that zone requires the most protection. Additionally, Raptor Education Foundation the antimicrobial properties help prevent infection as the foot begins to heal. Spandex forms the body of the bootie, as it is breathable and form fitting. Nylon wraps the openings to form a comfortable closure and help keep debris out. We have worked closely with our client to provide an easy to use and practical bootie for the raptor. F18-29c | HCDS: Protective Cover Transfemoral Prosthesis This project addresses the limiting regulations of the current gaming commission, which does not allow people with prosthetics to participate in Team members: boxing competitions. Their concern involves the possibility of a player being Madalyn Eustis knocked out, falling on their opponent’s prosthetic, and then developing a Malua Young serious injury outside of the spirit of the sport. The purpose of this project is Jacob Naranjo Regan Long to manufacture a cover in order to convince the gaming commission of the safety of prosthetics while boxing competitively. Advisor & consultants: Dr. Chelsea Salinas This design has combined several materials in order to create a cover that Dr. Joel Bach performs equal to or better than a non-prosthetic leg in impact testing. The final product has been designed to be thin and lightweight as to not impose on Sponsor: any movement from the user. Regulation foam commonly used in football has Human Centered Design Studio been implemented as to further the case to the commission for safety. The QL+ overarching goal of this project is to allow the design to be used in any competitive contact sport. Since the top portion of transfemoral prosthetics vary greatly in size and shape, another portion of this project involves making a more universal design through a modified girdle. This will allow anyone to put on a girdle for upper leg protection and still be able to use a one-size-fits- most cover for the lower leg region. 23
F18-29d | HCDS: More for your MOAR The mission of the Human Centered Design Studio at Colorado School of Team members: Mines is to enable individuals, particularly those with disabilities, to try new Bradley Ingle activities and/or push their performance limits for the sports and recreations Malua Young in which they are already involved. The goal of the MOAR electrical bike is to Jacob Naranjo provide an attachment to allow individuals with balance limitations the Gabriella Emery ability to independently ride through rough terrain without requiring Mark Barr Caroline Fuschino thought on balance, fatigue, or overall leg use. Alyssa Boll This project engineers adaptive equipment necessary to enable accessibility Advisor & consultants: for riders of all abilities Our design focuses on user-deployable stabilizing Dr. Joel Bach wheels to offer support and balance during periods of low speeds and Dr. Chelsea Salinas takeoff, specifically for those who have restricted use of their legs. Sponsor: The design used in this project also presents the possibility to be scaled to a Human Centered Design Studio commercial level. Future adaptations may include deployable stabilization that can sense speed and deploy autonomously. Additionally, future MOAR stabilization systems could easily incorporate a bucket seat for those with more severe balance restrictions. F18-29e | HCDS: Adaptable Pedal Bar Our project aims to create a pedal bar enabling participation of persons with various physical impairments. The design will allow users of all physical Team members: abilities (paraplegics, hemiplegics, amputees, etc.) to enjoy the thrilling Samantha Mestaes experience of a pedal bar. Our design accomplishes this by incorporating a Kamren Wong Beatrice Uy lifting mechanism and adaptable foot and hand pedal configurations. The Amanda Etcheverry lifting mechanism will allow people unable to use traditional bike seats, mainly Daniel McElroy wheelchair users, to participate in the pedal bar experience. While the lift will Katie Leiker enable wheelchair use, it will also support the use of a traditional bike seat. Mason Wilie The adaptable pedal configurations will feature both synchronous and Regan Long asynchronous pedaling depending on the user’s preference and ability. The Kevin Santos pedal configurations will also enable the pedaling of hemiplegics, as they have Advisor & consultants: limited use of one side of their body. This will be accomplished by designing Joel Bach the pedals to be used individually, allowing the user to pedal with one hand Chelsea Salinas and one leg if needed. Sponsor: While there is no other pedal bar design that allows adaptable use, this design Human Centered Design Studio will be more unique by utilizing a completely electronic drive system. Most pedal bars use a mechanical drive system, but ours will power an electric drivetrain. The electrical system is designed to mimic the energy required to pedal up or down a hill. 24
F18-29f | HCDS: Handcycle Grips The Human Centered Design Studio at Mines is a multidisciplinary senior Team members: design group centered around designing adaptive equipment for people with Erik Backman some sort of disability. The studio is partnered with Quality of Life Plus (QL+) Drew Johnson to bring in veterans, active duty military, first responders, law enforcement Emma Bennett Eric Podraza officers, and intelligence officers with life-altering injuries as clients for various projects. Advisor & consultants: Dr. Joel M. Bach Our group is working with QL+ to improve upon traditional handcycle grips Dr. Chelsea Salinas with the intent to make the sport more accessible. Most handcycle grips are metal rods with limited size and cover options, which tend to be Sponsor: uncomfortable for first time users. Our inspiration came from the belief that, HCDS and QL+ much like how able-bodied cyclists need shoes that fit for a comfortable ride, handcyclists should have the option to use a grip that is fitted to them. To accomplish this goal, we decided to create a customizable set of handgrips that can be easily adjusted to fit any rider and are more comfortable for long distance use. Our design incorporates the hand’s natural grip and allows the user to change the grip’s size to fit their need. The grips were tested on handcycles with experienced users to ensure the grips met their needs. F18-29g | HCDS: Backcountry Rickshaw The Breckenridge Outdoor Education Center (BOEC) is a nonprofit organization that takes clients with various disabilities on outdoor adventures. The Team members: employees found that the wheelchairs they were using to transport clients Eric Podraza Matthew LeBeau with ambulation issues to climbing areas were not sufficient. Employees were Thomas Van Hoesen unable to maneuver through tight rock fields and the wheelchairs were Victoria Martinez-Vivot extremely difficult to push up steep hills. Jaime Overmyer of the BOEC Gavin Rudy (Graduated) presented this project to the team at the beginning of the fall semester. In the Blake Parker (Graduated) following months the team developed the idea for the Backcountry Rickshaw. The rickshaw consists of a reverse tricycle design with two small wheels in the Advisor & consultants: front and one large wheel just behind the seat. This allows the device to be Joel Bach Chelsea Salinas tipped back on one wheel like a wheelbarrow to fit in narrow gaps between Jaime Overmyer rocks. Two BOEC employees propel the rickshaw, rather than one, to allow for easy operation, and it is small enough and lightweight to allow for easy Sponsor: transport in a pickup truck. Additionally, the device employs a dead man Breckenridge Outdoor brake, so the employees do not need to constantly hold it steady on slight Education Center (BOEC) hills. Ultimately, the team feels the Backcountry Rickshaw succeeds as a safe, easy to use alternative to a wheelchair for rough and uneven terrain. 25
F18-30 | Floyd Hill Groundwater Planning • Problem Addressed Team members: o Estimate the volume of groundwater stored in the Floyd Hill area Cassidy Budge and its characteristics. This includes determining the sources of Gabe Gonzales water in the aquifers, the recharge rate, and the effects of a possible Jonah Howe development. Katie Kerstiens Anna Kollmorgen • Analyzed the Water Supply with Several Techniques Nicole Rooney Austin Toussaint o Well depth testing and water quality testing (cations and anions) in the field around the Floyd Hill area. o 3D map of the historic well depths off the drilling permits using Advisor & consultants: Bahman Rejai, CSM ArcGIS to show the geographic profile of the area. Michael Gabora, DHI o Created basic hydrogeologic model for the area. Sponsor: SOLVE F18-31 | Adventure Elementary Outdoor Learning Park Mapleton public school district, which serves a community north of Denver, asked our senior design team to assist them with two projects Team members: simultaneously. The first was to investigate groundwater that periodically Emma Miller Matthew Morris infiltrated the previous Adventure Elementary School building, which was Zachery Peterson often followed by a sewer smell. The second was to design an outdoor Laurel Sherman learning park that would be both fun and informative for the students at Heather Tat Adventure Elementary School. Madeline Woody The groundwater investigation determined that shallow clay layers in the soil Advisor & consultants: were responsible for slowing the flow of water underground. During heavy John Persichetti rainfalls, this would cause the water to infiltrate the old school building. Kurt Munding Further investigation determined that the new Adventure elementary school building has adequate draining to withstand a 100-year flood. It was also Sponsor: Adventure Elementary School determined the sewer smell was the result of microbial processes (Mapleton School District) underground, that flourish occasionally under optimal conditions, such as warm weather and heavy rainfall. The outdoor learning park design will consist of 2 tower-like play structures that will incorporate different ‘add-ons’, interactive learning objects and objectives. Having met with the students of Adventure elementary for feedback, our proposed add-ons are: Fossil path, bird feeder, weather station, zip line, climbing wall, and slide. 26
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