SERVICE OVERVIEW GAUSSDB(FOR MYSQL) - HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. ISSUE DATE 04 2021-10-30
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GaussDB(for MySQL) Service Overview Issue 04 Date 2021-10-30 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iGaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview Contents
Contents
1 What Is GaussDB(for MySQL)?.............................................................................................1
2 Product Architecture............................................................................................................... 2
3 Basic Concepts.......................................................................................................................... 4
4 Product Benefits.......................................................................................................................5
5 Instance Description............................................................................................................... 7
5.1 Instance Specifications.......................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.2 DB Engines and Versions...................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3 Instance Statuses..................................................................................................................................................................... 8
6 Permissions Management................................................................................................... 10
7 Constraints.............................................................................................................................. 15
8 Billing....................................................................................................................................... 17
9 Related Services.....................................................................................................................19
A Change History...................................................................................................................... 20
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iiGaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 1 What Is GaussDB(for MySQL)?
1 What Is GaussDB(for MySQL)?
GaussDB(for MySQL) is an enterprise-grade distributed database fully compatible
with MySQL. It has an architecture with decoupled storage and compute and
supports up to 128 TB of storage. With GaussDB(for MySQL), there is no need for
sharding, and no need to worry about data loss. It provides superior performance
of commercial databases at the price of open-source databases.
GaussDB(for MySQL) currently supports the DB engines and versions listed in DB
Engines and Versions.
Using GaussDB(for MySQL)
You can create and manage GaussDB(for MySQL) instances on the web-based
management console.
To help you make the most of GaussDB(for MySQL), see What Is GaussDB(for
MySQL)? and Basic Concepts.
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 1GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 2 Product Architecture
2 Product Architecture
The GaussDB(for MySQL) architecture consists of three layers. From bottom to
top, they are:
1. Storage node layer. Data functions virtualization (DFV) storage provides
distributed, strong-consistency, and high-performance storage, featuring high
data reliability and excellent horizontal scalability. DFV is a solution from
Huawei for a data-centric full-stack service architecture with decoupled
storage and compute.
2. Storage abstraction layer. This layer is key to ensuring database performance.
It connects to the DFV storage pool below it and provides semantics upward
for ensuring efficient storage scheduling. Table file operations are abstracted
into distributed storage.
3. SQL node layer. This layer reuses open-source MySQL 8.0 code, so you can use
native MySQL syntax and tools. You do not need to modify any code for
migrating your services from MySQL to GaussDB(for MySQL), saving a lot of
time and effort. In addition to full compatibility with MySQL, GaussDB(for
MySQL) comes with an optimized kernel and a hardened system. It is part of
an open ecosystem and provides commercial capabilities of native MySQL.
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 2 Product Architecture
Figure 2-1 Product architecture
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 3GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 3 Basic Concepts
3 Basic Concepts
Before using GaussDB(for MySQL), you should be familiar with the following
concepts.
● Primary/standby instances: GaussDB(for MySQL) has an architecture with
decoupled storage and compute that auto-scales up to 128 TB per instance. A
primary/standby instance contains a primary node and up to 15 read replicas
can be created within minutes.
● Regions are defined in terms of their geographical location and network
latency. Public services, such as Elastic Cloud Server (ECS), Elastic Volume
Service (EVS), Object Storage Service (OBS), Virtual Private Cloud (VPC),
Elastic IP (EIP), and Image Management Service (IMS), can all be shared
within a given region. Regions are classified as universal regions and
dedicated regions. A universal region provides cloud services for all users. A
dedicated region provides services of only a specific type or only for specific
users. Generally, GaussDB(for MySQL) instances and ECSs must be located in
the same region for high access performance.
● Availability zone (AZ): An AZ contains one or multiple physical data centers.
Each AZ has independent cooling, fire extinguishing, moisture-proof, and
electricity facilities. Within an AZ, computing, network, storage, and other
resources are logically divided into multiple instances. An AZ is a geographic
location with independent power supply and network facilities in a region.
AZs are physically isolated but interconnected over an intranet. Each AZ
provides cost-effective and low-latency network connections that are
unaffected by faults in other AZs. As a result, provisioning GaussDB(for
MySQL) instances in separate AZs protect your applications against local
faults that occur in a single location. AZs within the same region have no
functional differences.
● Instance specifications: Each instance is configured with compute and memory
resources, for example, 16 vCPUs and 64 GB.
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 4GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 4 Product Benefits
4 Product Benefits
GaussDB(for MySQL) is an enterprise-grade cloud database with decoupled
compute and storage.
Customer Requirements
Table 4-1 Customer requirements
Requirements Description
MySQL For primary/standby instances, there is no need to
compatibility reconstruct original MySQL applications.
Mass storage Internet services demand mass storage.
Distributed Automatic sharding or non-sharding is invisible to the
scalability applications.
Strong-consistency There is strong consistency for distributed transactions.
transactions
High availability Multi-AZ high availability and multi-region disaster
recovery.
High concurrency High performance in high concurrency scenarios.
Middleware-free There is no need to use distributed database middleware
architecture for sharding.
Advantages
Table 4-2 Advantages
Advantage Description
Performance Millions of QPS
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 5GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 4 Product Benefits
Advantage Description
Scalability 1 primary node and up to 15 read replicas; 128 TB of
storage
Reliability Cross-AZ deployment and three data copies
Compatibility Fully compatible with MySQL
Cost Only 10% the cost of the commercial databases
Benefits
● Up to 128 TB of storage per instance and no need for sharding
● Easy-to-use and fully compatible with MySQL, so there is no need to
reconstruct applications
● Up to 15 read replicas and read/write splitting enabled for a primary/standby
instance
● Multi-AZ deployment and remote disaster recovery to ensure high reliability
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 6GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 5 Instance Description
5 Instance Description
5.1 Instance Specifications
GaussDB(for MySQL) instance specifications are listed in the following table, but
may vary based on actual situations.
Table 5-1 x86 instance specifications
Instance vCPUs Memory (GB) Maximum Connections
Specificatio
ns
General- 8 32 10,000
enhanced
16 64 18,000
16 128 18,000
32 128 30,000
32 256 30,000
60 256 60,000
Table 5-2 Arm instance specifications
Instance vCPUs Memory (GB) Maximum Connections
Specificatio
ns
Kunpeng 8 32 10,000
general
computing- 8 64 10,000
plus 16 64 18,000
16 128 18,000
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 7GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 5 Instance Description
Instance vCPUs Memory (GB) Maximum Connections
Specificatio
ns
32 128 30,000
32 256 30,000
48 192 45,000
48 384 60,000
60 480 60,000
NOTE
You can use max_connections to configure the maximum number of connections for an
instance. For details, see Modifying a Parameter Template.
5.2 DB Engines and Versions
Table 5-3 lists the DB engines and versions supported by GaussDB(for MySQL).
Table 5-3 DB engines and versions
DB Engine Version
GaussDB(for MySQL) MySQL 8.0
5.3 Instance Statuses
Instance Statuses
The status of an instance indicates the health of the instance. You can view the
instance status on the console.
Table 5-4 Instance statuses
Status Description
Available The instance is available.
Abnormal The instance is abnormal.
Creating The instance is being created.
Creation failed The instance failed to be created.
Rebooting The instance is being rebooted.
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 8GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 5 Instance Description
Status Description
Changing port The instance port is being changed.
Changing The CPU or memory of the instance is being changed.
instance
specifications
Promoting to A read replica is being promoted to primary.
primary
Scaling up The storage space of the instance is being scaled up.
Frozen The instance is frozen because of an unpaid account balance.
Retained frozen instances are unfrozen only after your
account is recharged and the overdue payments are cleared.
Deleted The instance has been deleted and will not be displayed in
the instance list.
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 9GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 6 Permissions Management
6 Permissions Management
If your account does not need individual IAM users for permissions management,
you may skip over this chapter.
If you need to assign different permissions to employees in your enterprise to
access your GaussDB(for MySQL) resources, IAM is a good choice for fine-grained
permissions management. IAM provides identity authentication, permissions
management, and access control, helping you secure access to your resources.
With IAM, you can use your account to create IAM users for your employees, and
assign permissions to the users to control their access to specific resource types.
For example, some software developers in your enterprise need to use
GaussDB(for MySQL) resources but must not delete them or perform any high-risk
operations. To achieve this result, you can create IAM users for the software
developers and grant them only the permissions required for using GaussDB(for
MySQL) resources.
IAM can be used free of charge. You pay only for the resources in your account.
For more information about IAM, see the IAM Service Overview.
GaussDB(for MySQL) Permissions
By default, new IAM users do not have permissions assigned. You need to add a
user to one or more groups, and attach permissions policies or roles to these
groups. Users inherit permissions from the groups to which they are added and
can perform specified operations on cloud services based on the permissions.
GaussDB(for MySQL) is a project-level service deployed in specific physical regions.
To assign GaussDB(for MySQL) permissions to a user group, specify the scope as
region-specific projects and select projects for the permissions to take effect. If All
projects is selected, the permissions will take effect for the user group in all
region-specific projects. When accessing GaussDB(for MySQL), the users need to
switch to a region where they have been authorized to use this service.
● Policies: A type of fine-grained authorization mechanism that defines
permissions required to perform operations on specific cloud resources under
certain conditions. This mechanism allows for more flexible policy-based
authorization, meeting requirements for secure access control. For example,
you can grant GaussDB(for MySQL) users only the permissions for managing
a certain type of database resources.
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 10GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 6 Permissions Management
Table 6-1 lists all the system-defined roles and policies supported by GaussDB(for
MySQL).
Table 6-1 System-defined roles and policies supported by GaussDB(for MySQL)
Policy Name Description Type
GaussDB FullAccess Full permissions for System-defined policy
GaussDB
GaussDB Read-only permissions System-defined policy
ReadOnlyAccess for GaussDB
Table 6-2 lists the common operations supported by each system-defined policy
or role of GaussDB(for MySQL). Select the policies or roles as required.
Table 6-2 Common operations supported by each system-defined policy or role of
GaussDB(for MySQL)
Operation GaussDB FullAccess GaussDB ReadOnlyAccess
Creating instances Supported Unsupported
Deleting instances Supported Unsupported
Querying an instance Supported Supported
list
Table 6-3 Common operations and supported actions
Operation Action Remarks
Creating instances gaussdb:instance:create ● To select a VPC,
gaussdb:param:list subnet, and security
group, configure the
following actions:
vpc:vpcs:list
vpc:vpcs:get
vpc:subnets:get
vpc:securityGroups:get
To create an encrypted
instance, you need to
configure the KMS
Administrator
permission for the
project.
Changing instance gaussdb:instance:modifySpec N/A
specifications
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 11GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 6 Permissions Management
Operation Action Remarks
Rebooting instances gaussdb:instance:restart N/A
Deleting instances gaussdb:instance:delete N/A
Querying an instance gaussdb:instance:list N/A
list
Querying instance gaussdb:instance:list If the VPC, subnet, and
details security group are
displayed in the
instance list, you need
to configure vpc:*:get
and vpc:*:list.
Changing instance gaussdb:instance:modify N/A
passwords
Changing database gaussdb:instance:modify N/A
ports
Changing instance gaussdb:instance:modify N/A
names
Changing gaussdb:instance:modify N/A
maintenance
windows
Changing security gaussdb:instance:modify N/A
groups
Binding or unbinding gaussdb:instance:modify To display public IP
EIPs addresses on the
console, configure the
following actions:
vpc:publicIps:get
vpc:publicIps:list
Enabling or disabling gaussdb:instance:modify N/A
SSL
Creating parameter gaussdb:param:create N/A
templates
Modifying gaussdb:param:modify N/A
parameters in a
parameter template
Obtaining a gaussdb:param:list N/A
parameter template
list
Applying parameter gaussdb:param:apply N/A
templates
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 12GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 6 Permissions Management
Operation Action Remarks
Deleting parameter gaussdb:param:delete N/A
templates
Creating manual gaussdb:backup:create N/A
backups
Deleting manual gaussdb:backup:delete N/A
backups
Obtaining a backup gaussdb:backup:list N/A
list
Modifying backup gaussdb:instance:modifyBacku N/A
policies pPolicy
Deleting manual gaussdb:backup:delete N/A
backups
Querying restoration gaussdb:instance:list N/A
time ranges
Restoring data to gaussdb:instance:create To select a VPC,
new instances subnet, and security
group, configure the
following actions:
vpc:vpcs:list
vpc:vpcs:get
vpc:subnets:get
vpc:securityGroups:get
Querying error logs gaussdb:log:list N/A
Querying project gaussdb:tag:list N/A
tags
Adding or deleting gaussdb:instance:dealTag N/A
project tags in
batches
Modifying quotas gaussdb:quota:modify N/A
Creating a read gaussdb:instance:create N/A
replica
Deleting a read gaussdb:instance:delete N/A
replica
Changing the billing gaussdb:instance:modify N/A
mode from pay-per-
use to yearly/
monthly
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 13GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 6 Permissions Management
Operation Action Remarks
Promoting a read gaussdb:instance:modify N/A
replica to the new
primary node
Changing failover gaussdb:instance:modify N/A
priority
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 14GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 7 Constraints
7 Constraints
To ensure the stability and security of GaussDB(for MySQL), certain constraints are
put in place for access or permission control. Table 7-1 describes such constraints.
Table 7-1 Function constraints
Function Constraints
GaussDB(for ● If GaussDB(for MySQL) instances do not have EIPs bound,
MySQL) access the instances must be in the same VPC subnet as the ECSs
associated with these instances.
● Security group rules must be added to allow ECSs to
access GaussDB(for MySQL) instances.
By default, a GaussDB(for MySQL) instance cannot be
accessed by an ECS in a different security group. To enable
access, you must add an inbound rule to the GaussDB(for
MySQL) security group. When adding the rule, set the
protocol and port, respectively, to TCP and to the default
port of the database instance.
● The default GaussDB(for MySQL) port:
– For primary/standby instances, the default port is 3306.
You can change it if you allow ECSs to access
GaussDB(for MySQL) through another port over a
private or public network. For details, see Changing a
Database Port.
Database root Only the root permissions for primary/standby instances are
permissions available on the instance creation page.
Database Most parameters can be modified on the GaussDB(for
parameter MySQL) console.
modification
Data migration DRS or mysqldump can be used to migrate data to
GaussDB(for MySQL).
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 15GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 7 Constraints
Function Constraints
MySQL storage GaussDB(for MySQL) is fully compatible with MySQL.
engine GaussDB(for MySQL) and MySQL support the same storage
engines.
For details, see What Storage Engines Does the RDS for
MySQL Support?
GaussDB(for GaussDB(for MySQL) instances must be rebooted on the
MySQL) GaussDB(for MySQL) console.
instance reboot
GaussDB(for GaussDB(for MySQL) backup files are stored in OBS buckets
MySQL) backup and are not visible to users.
files
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 16GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 8 Billing
8 Billing
You only pay for what you use. There is no minimum charge.
Billing Item
You are billed for GaussDB(for MySQL) instances, database storage, and backup
storage (optional).
Table 8-1 Billing items
Item Billing Method
DB instance Yearly/monthly or pay-per-use
Storage space Yearly/monthly or pay-per-use
Backup storage GaussDB(for MySQL) provides storage space for backing up
all of your provisioned database storage at no additional
charge. If the backup storage usage exceeds 100% of your
provisioned database storage, there is a tiered pricing system
to calculate the additional billing.
Public network GaussDB(for MySQL) instances are accessible from both
traffic private and public networks, but only the traffic from public
networks is billed.
For details, see Product Pricing Details. You can use the price calculator to
estimate the cost for your GaussDB(for MySQL) usage.
Billing Modes
GaussDB(for MySQL) provides the following two billing modes:
● Yearly/Monthly: Provides a larger discount than pay-per-use billing and is
recommended for long-term use of resources. Currently, only primary/standby
instances support the yearly/monthly billing mode.
● Pay-per-use (hourly): Allows you to pay for only the resources you have used.
It is a flexible billing mode. Less than one hour will be calculated as one hour.
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 17GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 8 Billing
The billing mode of instances can be changed from pay-per-use to yearly/monthly.
For details, see Changing the Billing Mode from Pay-per-Use to Yearly/
Monthly.
Changing Instance Specifications
● Modifying instance specifications: You can change GaussDB(for MySQL)
instance specifications based on service requirements. After the modification,
you are billed based on the new instance specifications.
● Scaling up storage space: You can change the storage space of primary/
standby instances based on service requirements. After scaling the storage
space, you will be charged based on the new storage space. Storage space can
only be scaled up. The minimum increment is 10 GB.
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 18GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview 9 Related Services
9 Related Services
The following figure shows the relationship between GaussDB(for MySQL) and
other services.
Table 9-1 Related services
Service Name Description
Elastic Cloud Enables you to access GaussDB(for MySQL) through an
Service (ECS) internal network. You can then access applications faster
and you do not need to pay for public network traffic.
Virtual Private Isolates your networks and controls access to your
Cloud (VPC) GaussDB(for MySQL) instances.
Object Storage Stores automated and manual backups of your
Service (OBS) GaussDB(for MySQL) instances.
Cloud Eye Monitors GaussDB(for MySQL) resources in real time and
reports alarms and warnings promptly if any.
Cloud Trace Records operations on cloud service resources for query,
Service (CTS) audit, and backtrack.
Data Replication Smoothly migrates databases to the cloud.
Service (DRS)
Enterprise Project Allows you to manage cloud resources and user groups by
Management enterprise project.
Service (EPS)
Tag Management Makes it simple for users to implement, manage, and
Service (TMS) maintain tags on cloud resources.
Issue 04 (2021-10-30) Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 19GaussDB(for MySQL)
Service Overview A Change History
A Change History
Released On Description
2021-05-31 This issue is the fourth official release, which incorporates the
following change:
Optimized the billing description of backup storage in Billing.
2021-03-17 This issue is the third official release, which incorporates the
following changes:
● Optimized the architecture flowchart.
● Optimized DB instance classes.
2021-02-27 This issue is the second official release, which incorporates the
following change:
● Optimized DB instance classes.
● Optimized the content in Table 8-1.
2020-10-27 This issue is the first official release.
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