Running Shoe Technologies - Tye Lee Tze Podiatrist SMAS Grand Ward Rounds Nov 2018 - GWR 02112018
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Running Shoe Technologies
Tye Lee Tze
Podiatrist
SMAS Grand Ward Rounds
Nov 2018
1
Anatomy of a Running Shoe
All Running Shoes
Have:
• Upper
• Midsole
- midsole material
- cushioning systems
- stability
components
- midfoot stability
3. Outsole
2
Midsole
▪ Materials
▪ Cushioning Systems
▪ Stability component
(for stability& motion
control shoes)
▪ Midfoot stability (links
rearfoot to forefoot)
▪
3
MIDSOLE MATERIALS
4
Midsole Materials
Brand Midsole Materials
Adidas Boost, litestrike
Brooks DNA Midsole, BioMoGo DNA
Mizuno U4iC, U4iCX
On Cloud Zero Gravity Foam
Reebok Float Foam
Saucony SSL EVA
5
Midsole Materials (Adidas)
Boost
• Created with BASF
• Thermoplastic Polyurethane
Foam
• manufacturing process similar to
making dashboards in cars
• heat-steams individual pea size
foam capsules together.
• allegedly outperforms traditional
EVA in terms of energy
return?, cushioning,
durability.
• Can withstand more extreme
temperature conditions.
6
Midsole Materials (Mizuno)
U4iC
• EVA midsole compound
rides and cushions like
Mizuno’s AP+ but 30%
lighter.
U4iCX
• Light EVA midsole
compound allegedly
providing a more
comfortable cushioned
ride and higher rebound
7
Midsole Materials (Brooks)
DNA Midsole
• Polymer Strands linked in chains
• Highly Viscous non-newtonian fluid
• reacts differently to different forces
DNA Amp
• Soft naturally expanding foam
encapsulated in a skin that resists
horizontal expansion.
DNA Loft
• Blend of EVA, Rubber, & air.
• Released 2018
BioMoGo DNA
• EVA midsoles that degrades 50x faster
than traditional EVA.
• 2009
8
Midsole Materials (On Cloud)
Zero Gravity Foam
• High Grade EVA Midsole
9
Midsole Materials (Reebok)
Floatride Run
• Made from Pebax
(same material used
in Nike Vaporfly,
Mizuno Wave Plate)
• Blown into a foam.
Allegedly lighter,
more impact
resistant, greater
energy return.
10Midsole Materials (Saucony)
SSL EVA
• Saucony SuperLite EVA
11CUSHIONING SYSTEMS
12Cushioning Systems
Brand System
Adidas Boost
Brooks Super DNA
Mizuno Cloud Wave, Parallel Wave, Infinity
Wave, Fan-Shaped Wave.
On Cloud CloudTec
Reebok Floatride
Saucony ProGrid, Everun
13Cushioning Systems (Adidas)
Boost
14Cushioning Systems (Mizuno)
▪ 1997 (December)
▪ Wave formed thermoplastic plate
inserted in midsole that can “tune”
the midsole to the required bending
stiffness. Conventional shoe
midsoles materials (EVA, PU) are
difficult to tune the required stiffness
for the whole area of the midsole.
▪ Bending stiffness can be controlled
from material properties, thickness,
amplitude and wave length.
▪ Wave formed plate can change the
deformability of the midsole for each
direction
▪ Wave formed plate can change the
bending stiffness for each bending
direction.
15Cushioning Systems (Brooks)
DNA Midsole
DNA Amp
DNA Loft
16Cushioning Systems (On Cloud)
CloudTec
• Hollowed tubes known as
clouds that expand on
impact to transfer the
vertical forces to the
horizontal and then the as
the foot goes from heel
contact to mid stance and
propulsion the clouds tighten
for propulsion.
• Similar to the Adidas A3
17Cushioning Systems (Reebok)
Floatride Foam
• made from Pebax (same material used in Wave & Nike Vaporfly)
• blown into foam.
• Pebax is lighter, more flexible, more impact resistant, greater energy
return and when blown into foam it retains these characteristics.
18Cushioning Systems (Saucony) PowerGrid • Powerfoam material integrated in the GRID technology. • ProGrid • 20% more responsive than standard EVA GRID ▪ Ground Reaction Inertia Device ▪ Small cassette made up of interwoven Hytrel elastomer that is inserted into a gap hollowed out in the heels ▪ When runner’s heel impacts the interwoven Hytrel strings bend to the shape of the heel absorbing shock. At the same time the midsole compresses. Thus cushioning and stability. ▪ GRID moved to iGRID moved to Active GRID 19
Sound Familiar?
The Mizuno Wave base plate absorbs and dissipates
impact forces, providing excellent cushioning.
On’s intelligent CloudTec® cushioning takes the first heavy
blow off the street
a full midsole of EVERUN sits between your foot and the
ground, for the ultimate in soft landings
Floatride Foam has a consistent cell structure that delivers
the seamless integration of cushioning and responsiveness
20STABILITY COMPONENTS
21Stability Components
Brand Stability
Adidas Boost
Brooks Guide Rails, Rounded Heel
Mizuno Fan Shaped Wave
On Cloud CloudTec
Reebok EVA Support Rim
Saucony Dual Density SSL EVA, medial TPU
post 22Stability Components (Adidas)
Boost
23Stability Components (Brooks)
Guide Rails
24Stability Components (Mizuno)
Fan Shaped Wave
Different Wave heights
to provide different
stability & cushioning
properties.
25Stability Components
(On Cloud)
CloudTec
26Stability Components (Reebok)
EVA Support Rim
27Stability Components (Saucony)
Dual Density SSL EVA
28Midfoot Stability
• Midfoot components are needed to link
the rear foot to the forefoot and allow
normal torsion of the rear foot to occur
independently of the forefoot during the
gait cycle.
• In the past there was emphasis on mid
foot stability components eg. DuoTruss,
Space Trusstic (Asics), Stability Web
(NB), TPU Midfoot Shank (Nike)
however now there is less emphasis on
these individual components (or at least
the names) and more emphasis on the
cushioning systems and energy return.
29Uppers
Brand Uppers
Adidas Adaptive Primeknit upper, Tailored
Fibre Placement (TFP)
Brooks Intuitive Fit Knit
Mizuno Aero Hug
On Cloud V moulded heel, Dual density
Sockliner.
Reebok Figure 8 Flexweave
Saucony Engineered mesh, Iso Fit lacing
30Uppers
Many of the uppers comprise of a one piece
elasticised sockliner (adaptive knitted upper).
Designed to provide a snug fit and move as the
foot moves.
The preference of these adaptive uppers over
the traditional upper is personal.
For those with bunions, other foot deformities,
and feet that tend to increase in volume during a
run these adaptive uppers may not be
advantageous as they may cause undue friction.
31Uppers
Many Brands now have
an exoskeletal
thermoplastic
reinforcement either at
the heel cup (eg. GeoFit
Frame - Adidas),
Reebok’s Floatride Run
has a thermoplastic
cage around the midfoot
of the upper, Nike
Flywire.
32Uppers
Others use textile placement to provide different areas of support, stretch
& flex zones
ARAMIS &
eg. Adidas Tailored Fibre Placement (TFP), Mizuno AeroHug,
TA I L O R E D F I B R E P L A C E M E N T
•
•
•
33OUTSOLES
34Outsoles
Brand Outsoles
Adidas Continental Traction Compound
Soles, Transition Stretchweb.
Brooks 3D Hex Lugs, Arrow point pattern
Mizuno G3 , SensorPoint
On Cloud Extended low abrasion rubber pads
Reebok Ripple Rubber Outsole
Saucony Vibram
35Outsole (Adidas)
Transition StretchWeb
allows smoother transition STRETCHWEB: as Transit
theTransition
stretch isweb how is thevery
shoe adapt
adapts when it is moving.
flexible
combined with the Boost -
hears on impact (when you land) and Stretchweb allows for the shears on impact (when you
allows the flex points to
t and shearing to happen. it uses the energy given from the movement and shearing to happen. it
puts the energydiffer at the
back into different
midsole when areas of
you transition runner and puts the energy back into
e gait.
the foot during propulsion. through the gait.
b is very flexible like . The flexibility allows for a smoother
hroughout alsothe runprovides greater
by providing a lower sole angle medial
velocity when Stretchweb is very flexible like
stability as the medial side transition throughout the run by provid
amis research we have learned that flex points (when toeing landing.
ferent in every can be
runners’ feetmade
due to theless
varying flexible.
different lengths
s. The flexibility of and Stretchweb allows for the Through Aramis research we have lea
There is a
et to move naturally and without stretch
restriction.web esp off) are different in every runners’ feet
the Stretchweb fordesign
womenwe reducedrunners
the flexibility on the medial
Neutral Stable
of their toes. The flexibility
36 of a
g the foot to provide stability and a smoother transition. runners feet to move naturally and wiOutsole (Brooks)
iBR+
• lightweight but durable
outsole rubber
3D Hex Lugs
37Outsole (Mizuno) X-10 • Carbon Rubber compound used for high wear areas SensorPoint • Suspension system that uses studs for added traction. SmoothRide • Grooves on the outsole that ensure a smooth ride. 38
Sound Familiar? On’s patented CloudTec® technology is engineered to deliver a soft landing followed by an explosive take-off. The result? An unbelievably light running sensation. Brooks DNA is an innovative and uniquely adaptive cushioning system. By adapting to your specific weight, pace, gait and running surface, DNA offers customized cushioning and adds a spring to your step. A new advanced cushioning material that is lighter, absorbs shock and with its fast rebound properties, keeps the transition smooth and fast. It combines comfort and returns energy at take-off thus gives an excellent running experience. The BOOST™ cushioning is softer and returns more energy than the conventional EVA. 39
Summary
▪ Don’t get blinded by “Science”
▪ There’s nothing new under the sun.
eg:
40Summary
▪ All Running shoes comprise of
- Midsoles
- Uppers
- Outsoles
▪ They just have different names for the different companies but they are all
designed to do the same thing.
a lightweight shoe which provides exceptional cushioning &
excellent energy return translating into a more cushioned,
responsive, faster ride.
▪ there are differences and the choice of shoe is not dependant on the
technologies alone but what the individual runner requires.
▪ What works for one runner may not necessarily work for another.
41Shoe Weights
2009 vs 2018
2009 2018
Adizero LT 209 g Adidas Sub 2 160 g
Nike Zoom Elite 266 g Wave Emperor 3 190 g
Adizero Tempo 295 g Adidas Prime Parley 221 g
Asics GT 2120 305 g Reebok Floatride Run 232 g
Mizuno Wave Rider 320 g On CloudFlow 233 g
Reebok Premier Road 323 g Adidas Solar Boost 272 g
Saucony ProGrid Guide 323 g Saucony Liberty ISO 275 g
NB 768 340 g Brooks Adrenaline GTS 283 g
Asics Gel Kinsei 368 g Mizuno Wave Rider 21 290 g
Saucony Hurricane 374 g Brooks Levitate 2 317 g
Asics Kayano 24 320 g
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