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RIND Survey March 2019 | Volume 40| Issue 3| Rs 50 www.pressinstitute.in
A Journal of the Press Institute of India - Research Institute for Newspaper Development
PUTTING TRUST IN PROVEN TECHNOLOGY
Bennett Coleman & Co has invested in a Ferag conveyor and compensating stacker technology for the mailroom at its
newly built Manesar printing plant located in Gurgaon, Haryana, which began operations last year. The double-width,
single-circumference printing machine (4/1) capable of producing up to 80000 newspaper copies an hour was ordered from
Japanese manufacturer TKS. It is now equipped with the proven combination of universal conveyor (seen above) and high-
performance compensating stackers, courtesy Ferag. In Manesar, the bundle formation configuration has been extended
by a third MultiStack that processes pre-programmed odd bundles. In addition to the partial edition of The Times of India,
BCCL in Manesar also produces the English-language insert, Gurgaon Times, and the Nav Bharat Times daily newspaper
in Hindi. See page 28 for more.
1
FROM THE EDITOR
Digital advertising seems to have
finally come of age
D igital advertising in the US is finally bigger hundreds of publishers in Japan – an initiative that
than print and television. Kurt Wagner, brings together content providers and distributors
writing for Recode, a technology news website so that both can minimise costs. While major outlets
that focuses on the business of Silicon Valley, says can source news at no cost, smaller publishers can
digital advertising businesses like Facebook and reach a far larger audience with both ends earning
Google will be bigger in the US this year than ad revenue. It is a completely new platform with
traditional advertising businesses like TV, radio, no other service like this in Japan or overseas,
and newspapers. He points to new estimates from Hornyak says. The platform has some 6 million
eMarketer which show that US advertisers will readers and 400 publishers using it, which includes
spend more than $129 billion on digital advertising major brands such as Quartz and Huffpost. With
in 2019 — more than the $109 billion they plan to its new English language site, Nordot is focused on
spend on ‘traditional’ advertising. growing English language publishers and increasing
It would mark the first time ever, Wagner says, its presence outside Japan.
that the US digital ad business made up more than If all of that forms one side of the story (digital
50 per cent of the market. Facebook and Google scoring), here is the other. Roy Greenslade has
are estimated to bring in a combined $77 billion just written for The Guardian about the Metro
in the US next year. The losers – newspapers newspaper making a healthy profit based on
and magazines; eMarketer estimates that print a simple business model: advertising revenue –
advertising will decline by almost 18 per cent 1.43m Metro newspapers were picked up by people
next year. Print and television aren’t the only each morning last month, thousands more than
industries that have been impacted, Wagner adds. the weekday issues of the Sun and the Daily Mail,
Digital publishers that rely on Facebook and which rely on high sales on Saturdays to boost
Google to distribute their stories are also coming their circulation averages, he says.
to the realisation that the two companies aren’t The Metro, according to Greenslade, is a newspaper
sharing the wealth. that sticks closely to the demands of the market.
Indeed, digital revenue is a key subject for “Most obviously, its editorial formula makes much
discussion these days. How can publishers claim of being apolitical. News without bias. News to use.
their share of digital revenues? That was the topic News to amuse. Lots of content packed into cleanly
for a panel discussion at the WAN-IFRA Digital designed pages, with few stories longer than 300
Media India Conference this week in Mumbai words. There is no investigative journalism. Metro
(see page 6). There is a broad consensus on the doesn’t hold power to account. It does not serve
fact that while print media is in better shape in the people with public interest news, although a
India than it is in many parts of the world, the case could be made that its coverage of the main
need for publishers to grow their digital revenues events of the day is informative in itself, and all
is becoming increasingly crucial. information has value. No one is forced to pick
While on the subject of ad revenue, it is interesting up copies from the container bins at stations and
to note that Japan’s Nordot is building a common on buses throughout the land… Advertisers like it
publishing platform to unite media outlets and because the core readership, with an average age of
lower their costs. An article by freelance journalist 39, is far younger than that of the popular paid-for
Tim Hornyak for Slice Japan says Nordot, a titles.” It goes without saying that we keep learning
Tokyo-based joint venture launched in April 2015 all the time.
with backing from Japan’s biggest news companies,
Kyodo News Digital and Yahoo Japan, is a common Sashi Nair
publishing platform that offers 500000 articles from editorpiirind@gmail.com
March 2019 RIND Survey 3
RIND Survey
Contents March 2019 | Volume 40 | Issue 3
How can publishers claim their share of digital revenue? 6
Building a data culture, and how 10
How Google is helping bring language publishers online 13
Who said the newspaper reading habit is dying? 15
A flavour of distinct political leanings — history of Tamil journalism 18
Industry Updates 28
General News 39
Events Calendar 41
Cover page image: WRH Global AG / Ferag AG
4 RIND Survey March 2019
BY SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT WITH WAN-IFRA
How can publishers claim their
share of digital revenue?
In the news media business, digital revenue is a tough nut to crack. Is it possible for
publishers to take a larger share of the revenue pie? A panel at the Digital Media India
Conference in Mumbai discussed the possibility of changing this trend. Neha Gupta
was present at the venue and filed this report
T
echnology giants such as Facebook and comes from readers, in the form of subscriptions,
Google dominate the digital advertising memberships, events etc.
space. Apple and Amazon are looking to
foray into the news space, which does not leave Digital advertising
Paytm and Flipkart far behind in closing in on their Axel Springer SE, the largest publishing house
share of the advertising pie. Start-ups have grown in Europe, which owns more than 50 brands in
aggressively; Daily Hunt, a news aggregator with the areas of journalism, classifieds, marketing
more than 150 million monthly unique visitors, is media, native advertising. Based in Germany, the
attempting to raise $100 million. company is on track to declare revenues of about
It is clear that traditional Indian news media faces 3.5 billion euros. Seventy per cent of its revenue
considerable competition from other platforms comes from digital and 85 per cent of the digital
and cannot bank on the luxury of print revenues revenue is from advertising. Eighty per cent of
for long. Outside India, a few brands seem to be that advertising revenue is from digital advertising.
riding high on the success of having zeroed in on The media group’s focus is on journalism but
a three-way approach to revenue. privileges advertising substantially over reader-
based revenue.
Reader revenue
The New York Times implemented its paywall in E-commerce space
2011. The company clocked an overall revenue of Naspers, a multinational Internet and media
US$ 1.7 billion in 2018, with $709 million coming group based in South Africa, has journalism at
from reader revenue. The brand, which has its core but has also built substantial revenue
branched out into travel, cooking and crosswords, streams focused entirely on digital companies and
aims to reach $800 million from reader revenue e-commerce. Although the company is on track
by 2020. Sixty per cent of NYT’s revenue now to declare $7.5 billion in revenue, this year, news
6 RIND Survey March 2019
media represents only about 20 per cent of the
revenue. The brand invested in Tencent, China
in 2011. The stake Naspers bought for just $32
million in 2001 is now worth $175 billion.
The panel comprised Bharat Gupta, CEO,
Jagran New Media and Anant Goenka, executive
director, The Express Group. It was chaired by
Photo: WAN-IFRA
Rajiv C. Lochan, director and CEO, The Hindu
Group. The aim of news media in India is to
protect journalistic integrity, said Lochan. How
do the approaches differ from those used abroad?
Here are excerpts from the discussion: (From left): Anant Goenka, Bharat Gupta and Rajeev
C. Lochan at the panel discussion. (Credit: @dinkaran on
Bharat Gupta: How well we know our audience
Twitter)
is where the digital journey begins. Brands need to
know how the audience is consuming content and run it profitably. What does digital journalism
what they want to consume. We need to figure mean for your brand?
out a path between connecting with readers and Gupta: For Jagran, display advertising accounts
offering them content. It becomes clear through for the maximum revenue – about 60 per cent.
examples of Axel Springer SE and The New York Our focus, right now, needs to be there rather
Times, that every brand offers different product than jumping onto the subscriptions bandwagon.
propositions – do we want to reach out to a mass Digital provides us with about 3 per cent revenue,
audience or establish a niche? within which we explore the opportunities
Anant Goenka: Indian news media is letting it presents. Branded content and content to
the wind blow its sails rather than carving its commerce provide us ample room to play with.
own path. In the long run, a truly sustainable The purpose of our content is to generate reach
news media set up needs to take the pressure that will be substantiated by advertising. The
on the business model out of the advertiser to most exciting about the digital space is that there
the reader. That is the only way to future-proof is nothing right or wrong and one must constantly
oneself. Indian Express has clocked 130 million experiment.
unique visitors this year. We are hoping that our Goenka: Indian Express is shy of 10 per cent
investigative journalism sets us apart from other digital revenue, but it’s a fast growing number.
brands and helps in garnering a dedicated audi- It is too early to dream that it will replace print
ence, who will eventually want to pay for our revenue one day. For content to commerce to
quality content. We have a long way to go – in be successful, we need to own that particular
print and digital – in advertising and subscrip- audience. I doubt IE could ever compete with a
tion that we don’t have the mental space for major apparel e-commerce site. BuzzFeed, Vice
right now. Throwing things at the wall and see- and Vox got a bit too ambitious, even though
ing what sticks is an inefficient approach. The their ideas and products were good. There has to
fact that Apple News has failed twice shows be some reality in your business plans, something
every day journalism is tough. The fact that we the digital world is going to start to feel at some
have been dealing with journalistic content on a point. One must avoid spending too much
daily basis has created an incredible amount of money without seeing returns. BuzzFeed’s use of
goodwill and an irreplaceable brand. technology is incredible; they perhaps aspired to
Lochan: For The Hindu, digital accounts for be at too many places at the same time and could
less than 5 per cent of the total revenue but we not sustain.
March 2019 RIND Survey 7
Gupta: Garnering trust is prime. A person who respect it. The purpose of advertising, for over the
is visiting BuzzFeed knows they are going to see last 50-70 years, is to make brands more human.
content making them try to buy a product. Over When Section 377 was decriminalised in India, a
a period of time, the trust will start diluting. It number of brands came out in support.
is important to note that the purpose of content Gupta: Audience analytics is the one thing we
cannot be monetisation all the time. We need to are deeply investing in. How can one target their
graduate loyal users into brand lovers. audience to increase advertising efficiency? Tar-
Lochan: Will Indian news media in the digital geting does not mean privacy invasion; it simply
space ever get to know its audience as well as means making advertising efficient and relevant.
Amazon or Flipkart know their audiences? Or There is not enough gravitation for language based
will we limit ourselves to knowing our consumers eCPMs (a metric used to measure a publisher’s ad
from a journalism stand point? Simply put, will monetisation performance). Unfortunately, the
we ever know our consumers the way advertisers digital ecosystem is going through what print
want us to know our consumers? went through. It took 70-80 years for print to
Goenka: Publishers do four things - create reach a threshold where it started enjoying adver-
content, sell advertising, distribute, and the fact tising rates that were equivalent to the national
that they do these three things every day, is the dailies or English dailies. Digital, which is a much
fourth. Since anyone with a smartphone can more measurable medium, is going through the
create content, it’s a terrible business to be in. same process.
<
Google and Facebook are better at advertising
than anyone. Distribution wise, radio, TV and (Courtesy: WAN-IFRA / World News Publishing
digital all fair better than print ever will. The Focus. The writer is a multimedia journalist with
only thing left is what we do every day – the WAN-IFRA South Asia based in Chennai.)
credibility business, where the barrier to entry is
very high, and we have a great head start. As long
as we keep at it, advertising will appreciate and
Faye D' Souza, Avinash Pandey, Supriya Prasad
win news broadcast awards
The 11th edi�on of the exchange4media News Broadcast Awards was held on February 16 at the
Radisson Blu in Noida. The awards recognise the best in television news and rewards broadcasters
and industry leaders who are responsible for shaping the future of television broadcas�ng in India. It
also honours the people who make this industry what it is.
ABP News Network's Avinash Pandey won the pres�gious News Television CEO of the Year Award
and Faye D'Souza of Mirror Now was awarded the News Television Editor-in-Chief of the Year (English)
�tle, while Supriya Prasad of Aaj Tak won Hindi News Television Editor-in-Chief of the Year. India
Today TV bagged the English News Channel of the Year and the Jury's Choice went to Mirror Now in
the same category. Aaj Tak won the Hindi News Channel of the Year' Award, while the Jury's Choice
award went to NDTV India and ABP News.
<
(Courtesy: exchange4media.com)
8 RIND Survey March 2019
Building a data culture,
and how
News publishers have access to a wealth of data that sheds light on readers’ habits and behaviour.
But what data points should you really focus on? How many of your decisions should be driven by
data? And where is data having the biggest impact in news media companies today? To get some
insight into what all of this looks like in practice, WAN-IFRA caught up with two experts, Kasper
Worm-Petersen and Steffen Damborg. Simone Flueckiger, WAN-IFRA, has the story
What is today’s “starter kit”? you need to train your talent across departments:
Steffen Damborg: First and foremost you editorial, marketing and sales. Cases from Axel
need your readers to register. Unless people are Springer Verlag and Helsingin Sanomat show
logged in they will seem like a new user to you that very few KPIs shared across departments
every time they delete cookies, use private mode, can create organisational alignment and create
change browser or visit from a new device. We the buzz needed when changing your business
all have multiple devices and delete cookies every approach, and hence give you extraordinary
now and then, so it is almost impossible to gain results.
the necessary insights without establishing a Kasper Worm-Petersen: At Ekstra Bladet, we
more direct connection with your readers. So, we have built a very strong data culture throughout
think that it is an important strategic decision to the organisation. Our goal is to let data inform as
make: that we want to focus on identification and many of the decisions we make as possible. We
relation building with our digital readers. do not wish to be data-driven nor are we looking
Then we can start talking about the implications for full automation. We believe, especially when
with regards to the needed ‘starter kit’. You need working with journalism, that the final decisions
systems for identification (single-sign-on system). should be made by people, so we want our organ-
You need to be able to control what your users isation to be data-informed. Our newsroom is
have access to (rights management system). And constantly consulting the custom dashboards
you need to store the data the users create while we have built for them, and they are extremely
visiting your media. With these basic tools you respondent to new tendencies and behaviours
can start crunching your data both in real time amongst our users, which ensures that we always
and for predictive purposes. For this, you need a provide the most relevant experience.
data management platform and employees with We divide all our dashboards and reports into
the right data analytics skills. live, tactical, and strategic. ‘Live’ being the dash-
boards that journalists and editors consult on a
On building a data culture and managing minute-by-minute basis to constantly optimise
change the performance. The tactical level consists of
Damborg: Firstly, to create behavioural change, dashboards and reports that provide daily or
the transformation process must be purpose-led, weekly evaluations to allow for corrections if we
experience-centric and inclusive. This requires are drifting off-course and not hitting KPIs or to
company-wide acceptance of the need for change learn from strong performances. The strategic
and a clear vision to communicate. Secondly, level is monthly or quarterly statuses where the
10 RIND Survey March 2019
bigger picture is revealed, and we can react if we Worm-Petersen: We have a lot of proprietary
see a new tendency that we have not accounted custom-built dashboards that our editors and
for. The KPIs are aligned across the live, tactical, journalists consult. With dashboards, less is
and strategic levels, so if we succeed in our day- more. We only want to show data points that the
to-day operations we know that we will also suc- editors and journalists can and should act upon.
ceed on our larger strategic goals. This provides Too much noise created by unnecessary numbers
coherence across the organisation and ensures generate paralysis and hinders swift action. Many
that everyone is working towards the same goals. of the off-the-shelf tools are so generic they fail
to focus on the important numbers, so we have
How is data impacting your business and opted for building our own.
opening opportunities? We also make in-depth exploratory analysis of
Worm-Petersen: We see data having great new projects or on areas of specific strategic inter-
impact in every aspect of our organisation, but est. But the daily content decisions are informed
lately we have seen incredible results with our by dashboards to ensure a quick feedback loop
online subscriptions. The strategic and tactical and a steep learning curve.
initiatives have been based on thorough data
analysis, and thanks to the agility our strong data On the implications of GDPR
culture affords us, we saw double-digit increases Worm-Petersen: We welcome it and believe
in both engagement and sales within two weeks that it will benefit both our readers and us as
of launching the new subscription strategy. publishers in the long run. From an audience
Obviously, the advances in machine learn- engagement perspective, the biggest change has
ing and AI provides new opportunities, and we been that we have removed all Facebook scripts
are seeing very promising result from our own and other social scripts and widgets from our site.
endeavors in lead scoring and churn prevention We were already on the path of disengaging from
to name a few. However, I believe that the big- Facebook, but GDPR (General Data Protection
gest potential still lies in cultivating the internal Regulation) was a convenient opportunity to fast-
data culture and ensuring that the right data is forward those initiatives and take back control of
in front of the right people at the right time. It is our audience.
not fancy or shiny, but it is extremely effective in As for advertising, I think the entire industry is
driving results when done right. still trying to figure out how to respond to GDPR
and, so far, the changes have not been as major as
On developing tools in-house one could have expected. However, we do think
Damborg: To build or to buy? This is indeed a GDPR and the coming e-privacy directive will
very important question. The rule of thumb is, make publishers’ own first-party data more valu-
if you are a first-mover and/ or your business able as third-party data tracking becomes increas-
model is so complex that no generic system with ingly challenged. So, we are focusing on further
a reasonable adjustment can do the job, then you developing our first-party data capabilities.
will have to build it yourself. But today, there Damborg: Most European publishers have
are plenty of good data tools and visualisation invested heavily in being GDPR compliant from
tools out there sold primarily as software as a day one. The biggest challenge so far is the huge
service. So, in my opinion I would buy this part room for interpretation. When the legal experts
of my infrastructure and use the saved money differ in their standpoints regarding the inter-
for improving my product offering. The quality pretation of the GDPR, it is difficult and extra
of the content and the user experience is by far costly to build your new data handling flows and
the most important part of a reader revenue procedures. And, then there is the question about
strategy. non-EU publishers. They must also comply when
March 2019 RIND Survey 11
Statement about ownership and other particulars
about “RIND Survey” the English Monthly Newspaper,
Chennai, as required to be published under Section
operating in Europe, and since the Internet 19-D Sub-Section (b) of the Press and Registration of
has no borders, almost all media are, at the Books Act read with the Rule 8 of the Registration of
end of the day, global media. So, in theory, Newspapers (Central Rules) 1956
you must comply or block traffic to your Form IV
webpage coming from Europe. We have RIND Survey - Monthly
seen many publishers choosing this path 1. Place of publication : Chennai
in the first month after 1 May. 2. Periodicity of Publication : Monthly
3. Printer’s Name : Sashi Nair
NOTE Nationality : Indian
Steffen Damborg is expert advisor, WAN- Address :F lat 3C, GRN Akshara
IFRA Global Advisory. He is a digital D112, Sangeetha Colony
transformation specialist with more than 10 Ashok Pillar Road
years of experience in all aspects of running an K.K.Nagar, Chennai – 78
online business in the media industry. He is
former digital director and chief development 4. Publisher’s Name : Sashi Nair
officer at leading Danish publisher JP/ Nationality : Indian
Address : Flat 3C, GRN Akshara
Politikens Hus.
D112, Sangeetha Colony
Kasper Worm-Petersen is head of Analyt-
Ashok Pillar Road
ics at Danish tabloid Ekstra Bladet. Previously, K.K.Nagar, Chennai – 78
he served as head of Audience Engagement,
and also worked as a project leader. Published 5. Editor’s Name : Sashi Nair
by JP/ Politikens Hus, Ekstra Bladet is one of Nationality : Indian
Denmark’s leading commercial news brands. Address : Flat 3C, GRN Akshara
D112, Sangeetha Colony
<
Ashok Pillar Road
(This article had appeared in WAN-IFRA K.K.Nagar, Chennai – 78
Technology Guide & Directory 2018 –
Helping Publishers Connect with 6. Names and addresses of individuals who own
Today’s Innovators.) the newspaper/magazine and partners or
shareholders holding more than one per cent
of the total capital:
The Press Institute of India - Research Institute
for Newspaper Development
RIND Premises, Taramani, CPT Campus
Chennai 600 113
Shareholding of more than one percent of the capital
does not arise as the The Press Institute of India -
Research Institute for Newspaper Development, is
a non-profit society registered under the Societies Act
To read articles, please visit No. XXI of 1860.
I, Sashi Nair, hereby declare that the particulars given
above are true to the best of my knowledge and belief.
Sashi Nair
Publisher
01.03.2019
12 RIND Survey March 2019
How Google is helping bring
language publishers online
During the past year and more, Google has been increasing its support for Indian language publishers
to make it easier for readers to find their content in both native languages as well as English. Vikas
Agnihotri, director of sales for Google India, spoke about digital publishing in local languages
during WAN-IFRA's Digital Media India (DMI) Conference in Mumbai last year. Neha Gupta has
the details
O
n the global platform, news websites get After the Indian mobile network operator
more than 10 billion clicks every month Reliance Jio hit the market, the number of Internet
through Google, Vikas Agnihotri, direc- users in India rose to 450 million. Google estimates
tor of sales for Google India, said. More than five there will be 500 million Indian “language users”
million hours of news content is consumed on in the next two years.
YouTube on a monthly basis. “These numbers
are only growing,” he said. Support for Indian languages
In 2012, some 18 years after the start of the Inter- In August, at the company's Google for India
net, the number of people in India online reached event, the search giant stated that 90 per cent
100 million. Within another 13-15 months, of 135000 print publishers in India do not have
another 100 million were logging on. Eighteen to websites, and it aims to help bring them online.
20 months after that, the Internet in India saw its The company launched Project Navlekha in a
third batch of 100 million people. bid to bring those publishers under the online
The first group of people were all English speaking; umbrella by making web hosting smoother and
the next set was from the Indian language group. easier.
Navlekha, which in Sanskrit means ‘a new way
to write’, allows publishers without websites to
make their offline content suitable for online pub-
lishing in less than a minute.
The platform, using artificial intelligence, enables
them to convert any PDF containing Indian lan-
guage content into editable text, doing away with
the need for expert digital knowledge.
Navlekha helps Indian writers gain more reader-
ship and recognition without having to struggle
to sell their written copies physically. As part of
the project, publishers are offered free hosting, a
Photo: WAN-IFRA
branded domain for the first three years as well
as AdSense support so they can start monetising
their content immediately.
“The majority of Internet users in India today are
Vikas Agnihotri. Indian language users, and this number is expected
March 2019 RIND Survey 13to reach 500 million in the next two years. Smart- Nine out of 10 people on the Internet in India
phones are not useful unless they work in peo- are only mobile users. Today's empowered user
ple’s primary language and provide access to great is curious and is increasingly becoming better
content in their native tongues. Right now, the informed. Our focus is thus on the art of story-
amount of online content in Indian languages is telling, audience engagement, retention, growth,
only one per cent of what's available in English,” revenue, data and innovation,” Agnihotri pointed
said Rajan Anandan, VP, India and SEA Sales and out.
Operations, Google, in a statement. In India, depending on the publication, the
Google also announced a bilingual feed that search referrals range from anywhere from 30 per
curates news in English, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, cent to as high as 80 per cent. Video consumption
Tamil, and Malayalam – the top-consumed lan- in India has gone through the roof. During the
guages on the Indian web. Furthermore, Google past 2-2.5 years, YouTube has seen its monthly
Go now provides audio playback for news in subscribers quadruple: from 60 million to 240 mil-
English, Hindi, Marathi, Tamil, Malayalam, and lion. Approximately 80 per cent of people in India
Telugu. “For Search to be truly helpful, it should consume news on smartphones.
bring you useful content, in all the languages you
understand,” said Shashidhar Thakur, VP, Engi- Ad revenue
neering, Google Search, at the launch. Agnihotri mentioned that Google was trying to
move away from rectangular and square ads to
Most Internet users mobile-only more native advertising so that it gelled well with
Why did it take 18 years to reach the first 100 the content the reader was consuming. “We need
million? Agnihotri attributes it to a dip in to make sure people are actually reading ads and
device and data prices, and technology becoming not blocking them because ads mean revenue for
intuitively simple for people. At this point, India everyone in this industry.”
<
has 280 million people who consume news
online. Of them, 106 million are from the Indian (This article appeared as a blog on
language group and 32 million only consume WAN-IFRA’s website.)
news digitally.
Gurugram to play host to WAN-IFRA Conference
WAN-IFRA India 2019, the 27th edi�on of WAN-IFRA's annual conference, will be held on 18-19th
September, this �me at Leela Ambience Hotel, Gurugram, Delhi. The conference will have two parallel
sessions and breakouts, focusing on innova�on and print technologies impac�ng the industry.
The conference has currently opened its call for speakers, invi�ng speaker sugges�ons and topics.
Apart from the main sessions, the conference will also offer workshops, networking dinners and
business expo with limited number of booths. The expo booth booking will commence soon. Regular
updates about the event will be available at www.wan-ifra.org/india2019.
Inquiries can be addressed to Suresh Babu K.R., assistant manager, Business Development;
E-mail: infoindia@wan-ifra.org.
<
14 RIND Survey March 2019VIEW FROM THE NORTHEAST
Who said the newspaper
reading habit is dying?
When newspaper hawkers in Guwahati decided to stop distributing newspapers in
an effort to get news publishing houses to accede to their demands, people didn’t
seem keen to pick up newspapers from the stalls that had been put up temporarily in
the streets. So, don’t we bother much about newspapers anymore? Nava Thakuria
sent us this report
I
n February 2014, print journalists in Guwahati ing from Australia, editor and publisher of news
had a scare. Newspaper hawkers decided to portal Newsblaze.com Alan Gray predicted that
boycott distributing newspapers in order to Indian newspapers in various languages would
press media houses to concede some demands. continue serving a huge population with news,
Printed newspapers piled up, and some media views and analytical pieces for some more years.
groups even erected temporary stalls in prime Even while fighting an enormous credibility
locations in the city so that people could get crisis, the Rs 320000 million Indian newspaper
their daily paper. But there were few takers. We industry continues to grow. Regional newspapers,
expected a backlash from the public. particularly, have shown promise in the recent
But strangely, it did not happen. Does that past and the trend can be expected to continue for
mean that we are not as dependent on the printed a few decades to come.
newspaper as we thought? Even in 2014? The newspaper has a long history in the
In the West, most media groups have experi- subcontinent. Despite only 10 to 15 per cent of
enced a slow but steady shrinking of circulation the Indian populace being able understand English
figures and have gone in for online editions to even today, the first newspaper in India (The
tap more readership. In India, the situation is yet Bengal Gazette),was published in that language
to reach alarming proportions as Internet access on 29th January 1780 by James Augustus Hicky
remains a dream for half of our populace. So, a during British rule. It was a two-page weekly
sizeable chunk of the population is still in the newspaper where most of the space was occupied
habit of buying newspapers. by government advertisements.
The country has nearly a billion potential read- Then came the Indian Gazette in the latter part of
ers, and supports over 82000 registered newspa- 1780 and it was followed by other newspapers like
pers with a cumulative daily circulation of 110 Calcutta Gazette (1784), The Bengal Journal (1785),
million. With the literacy rate going up to 75 per Madras Courier (1785), Bombay Herald (1789), Bom-
cent, more people are now able to read newspa- bay Courier (1789), Bombay Gazette (1791), Madras
pers, even on digital platforms. Further, more Gazette (1795), India Herald (1796), Calcutta Chroni-
and more middle-class Indians are accessing the cle (1811), Sambad Kaumudi (1822), Mirat-ul-Akhbar
Internet through their mobile phones. (1822), Bombay Samachar (1822), etc.
Recently, while interacting with a group of Speaking to Guwahati reporters from Paris,
Guwahati-based scribes through video conferenc- Reporters sans Frontiers (RSF) representative
March 2019 RIND Survey 15Photo: NT
Participants at the media interactive workshop in Musalpur.
Daniel Bastard also expressed the view that of this sector, said Ansumwi Khunguri Boro,
newspapers in countries like India would survive executive member of the Bodoland Territorial
even though mainstream journalism is increasingly Council. Addressing a media interactive session
going online. The Asia-Pacific deskhead of RSF in the Baksa locality of western Assam, he
pointed out that with the invention of photography, said “We, the government and the media alike,
many people thought painting would vanish as an should ensure that people are aware of the
art, but it did not happen.“Similarly, we thought, various government programmes and schemes
with the spreading of the television network, so that they can avail of the benefits of those
the radio will be obsolete, but the medium schemes. There is a huge range of schemes
has bounced back in the recent past with new being implemented by the government with
technology, content and presentations,” he said, the main objective of making the citizens’ lives
adding that the newspapers today must improve better.”
quality, publishing more in-depth analytical pieces Organised by the Press Information Bureau’s
rather than competing with alternate media for Guwahati office in collaboration with the Baksa
mere news content. District Administration in Musalpur Town, the
Coming back to the February 2014 anecdote, media interactive workshop titled Vartalap was
some senior journalists called the agitating news- also addressed by Baksa District Magistrate San-
paper distributors to the Press Club, and requested jeeb Kumar Gogoi.
them to resolve the issue amicably. To our relief, “Baksa is now considered an aspirational district
they acceded to our request. And we escaped an and hence we have to put in extra effort in all
almost disaster. developmental spheres so that the residents can
benefit from various government schemes. Jour-
A government-media partnership nalists should play a proactive role in making the
The media can play a vital role in helping the public aware of these welfare schemes,” said Gogoi.
downtrodden sections of society access welfare The district has been commended for its excellent
schemes government has instituted for the benefit coverage of government schemes, he added, and
16 RIND Survey March 2019cited the UjjalaScheme, under which 90 per cent nationwide. Internet connectivity had made
of Baksa households were covered, and the gas reporting easier, but also posed a serious threat
connection initiative which had achieved 100 per to professional journalists, he pointed out. “The
cent coverage. role of a journalist has simply grown with the
“In the field of animal husbandry and agriculture increasing number of Internet users in India.
too, Baksa has achieved significant success. I Now the media is held accountable for every
appreciate the initiative of media persons here word we write or speak. So it becomes extremely
because of which we succeeded in disseminating important to present facts without any bias,”
information about these policies affectively,” Thakuria said.
<
Gogoi said. About 50 journalists from different
parts of the district attended the workshop. (The writer is a senior journalist and secretary,
K.S Dhatwalia, director-general for NE Zone in Guwahati Press Club.)
the Union Information & Broadcasting Ministry,
addressing the participants, pointed out that
Vartalap was an attempt to sensitise the media
about the need to disseminate proper information
to the common people.
Journalist Nava Thakuria emphasised the
importance of a responsible and credible media
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Submission of offer will be intimated at the time of inspection.17HISTORY OF TAMIL JOURNALISM
A flavour of distinct political
leanings
Compared to many other Indian languages, journalism in the Tamil
language was rather slow in growth initially. There were not many
Tamil newspapers till the end of the 19th Century. The early Tamil
journals were non-political and mostly promoted by missionaries
who used them as vehicles for proselytising
T
he first Tamil journal1 Tamil Patrika (1831), a monthly, was
published by the Religious Tract Society. Although it had
government support, it did not survive long and closed down
after two years. Another journal of the period was Rajavvritti
Bodhini (1885), which specialised in publishing news items translated
from newspapers received from England. Dinavarihamani, its
contemporary, was a weekly edited by Reverend P. Percival and
published by the Dravidian Press. It had government support and
was reputed to have had a circulation of 1000 copies, which was
considered large in that age.
A British-sponsored publication was Jana Vinodhini which cap-
tured public imagination by carrying a series on the Ramayana. It
gave greater importance to literary and educational subjects than to
current events and news. Viveka Vilasam appeared in 1865 and its
main object was to counteract the missionaries’ propaganda. It was
promoted by non-Christian Tamil scholars. Madras was the home
of these journals and it was also the centre from where newspapers
in several other regional languages were published. In 1876, nineteen
journals were published from Madras (now Chennai) in four lan-
guages: Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi.
The first Tamil newspaper in the real sense was the Swadeshami-
(The author, a journalist-turned- tran which was started as weekly in 1882 by G. Subramania Aiyer,
media academician, presently who was also one of the founders of The Hindu. It became a daily in
heads the Eastern India campus 1899 and dominated Tamil journalism until 1934. It was a pioneer-
of the Indian Institute of Mass
ing effort for Subramania Aiyer and very soon he was equally at
Communication located in
Dhenkanal, Odisha. Besides home in Tamil journalism as he was in English. The poet and patriot,
teaching communication,
he also writes columns and 1. Tamil journalist and author A. Ma. Samy in his book (History of Tamil Journals - 19th Century;
Navamani Pathippagam, Chennai ) seeks to establish that the first ever Indian language publication was
fiction. This article is part of a Maasa Dina Sarithai (Monthly Chronicle of Daily Events) by Gnanaprakasam, which was published in
series on the history of regional 1812. According to Samy, the credit for the first ever Tamil publication of the composite Tamil speaking
region under the British rule should be assigned to Arasaanga Varthamaani - the Government Gazette
language journalism in India.) of Ceylon, which appeared in 1802.
18 RIND Survey March 2019Photos: MC
(Left to right): G. Subramania Iyer, Subramania Bharati, and V. Kalyanasundara Mudaliar.
Subramania Bharati entered the After Subramania Aiyer, social development and political
portals of journalism through A. Rangaswami lyengar took over emancipation of the country.
the Swadeshamitran where he the editorship of the paper. He CRS, as he was affectionately
served as a sub-editor for a short carried out many improvements known in journalist circles, was a
period. in its format and contents and brilliant commentator in English,
He paid this tribute to Subrama- made it very influential in too. His frequent contributions
nia Aiyer in a letter to The Hindu provincial and national politics. on men and matters appeared
from Pondichery in December, The Swadeshamiran became the in The Hindu and were greatly
1914: “Unaided he (Subramania mouthpiece of the Congress and enjoyed by its readers. The
Aiyer) had made Tamil journal- it was also the Tamil version Swadeshamiran declined after his
ism a fact of the world, in spite of The Hindu whose popularity passing away in 1962 and folded
of his very imperfect early train- and circulation it shared in fair up some years later. It was
ing in Tamil literature. Learn, measure. revived under another owner
says the Tamil aphorist, while However, the man who was but did not quite pick up. The
you are yet young. In Subrama- its greatest editor and made old magic was gone.
nia Aiyer’s youth he had wholly it a household name was In 1917, V. Kalyanasundara
neglected his mother tongue like C. R. Srinivasan, who took Mudaliar started a daily,
most people in this country who over from Rangaswami Iyengar Desabhaktan, which had a short
claim to have been ‘educated’ in in 1928. His strongest weapon life of three years. Its aim was to
English schools. But his mature was his editorials in which in present a new and refined style
patriotism had to realise later simple language and style, he in display of news and one of its
on that for the elevation of the explained to his readers political editors was the revolutionary,
Tamil race, the Tamil language and economic issues which until V.V.S. Aiyer. It did not have much
would be not only the most then had remained beyond the of an impact. Kalyanasundara
rational but the indispensable cognitive reach of large masses of Mudaliar’s weekly, Navasakhti,
medium. They win who dare; Tamil readers. In his hands the which was a political and literary
Aiyer dared and he has succeeded Swadeshmiran proved to be both magazine, was an instant success.
in establishing a Tamil daily a teacher and a leader for the Another great name in Tamil
journal which with all its faults Tamil literates whose political journalism during the period was
is the most useful newspaper in consciousness was stirred by that of P. Varadarajulu Naidu,
the Tamil country.” its relentless campaign for the who published Tamil Nadu, a daily
March 2019 RIND Survey 19from Madras in 1926. It achieved writer. With him as joint editor of 1930 and went to prison. He
significant success. Varadarajulu was A.N. Sivaraman who was strayed into journalism when he
Naidu was a Congressman and later to set up new records in joined Chockalingam in produc-
an ardent supporter of Annie Tamil Journalism. ing the tri-weekly Gandhi. After
Besant’s Home Rule movement. Both Chockalingam and joining Dinamani, he switched
He carried on a campaign against Sivaraman were close associates over to its sister paper, Indian
the Justice Party through his paper even before they came to Express, for some years. He cov-
and it added to his popularity. Dinamani. They had jointly ered the San Francisco Confer-
Varadarajulu Naidu, however, produced a quarter anna tri- ence for his paper and remained
began to waver in his support to weekly, with news and views on in the US for some years as
the Congress from 1926 and his the Satyagraha Movement and its correspondent. He wrote
critics said he was leaning towards very critical of the government. articles on subjects like science
the Hindu Mahasabha. Along with Swatantra Sanghu, and technology, agriculture and
Tamil Nadu closed down in 1930. another quarter-anna weekly, industry, Political science and
Some enterprising Congressmen edited by Sangu Ganesan, it economics in a way which the
started a paper, India, in 1931 but became a rage at the height of the common man can easily fol-
it did not make much headway. Satyagraha movement and sold low and understand. He was a
Jayabharati, a tabloid priced at like hot cakes. Chockalingam left teacher and guide for his readers,
3 pice, came on the scene and the Dinamani in 1943 and started whose mission was to educate
had some initial success. A party a daily of his own, Dinasari, in his readers to be good citizens
newspaper started by the Justice 1944. And the burden of running and educated patriots.
Party was the Dravida edited by Dinamani fell on Sivaraman. In 1942, S.B. Adiyan, a barrister
J.S. Kannappar. Sivaraman, the most distin- and a staunch Congressman,
When Dinamani, sponsored guished Tamil journalist, often started a daily, Dina Thanthi, in
by the Express Group, made referred as the Bhisma of Tamil Madurai, deliberately aimed at the
its appearance in 1934, it Journalism, did not have much lower class and the semi-literate
electrified the atmosphere of of an education in the conven- population. The paper indulged in
Tamil journalism. It was a low- tional sense. He passed the sec- sensationalism and its four pages
priced newspaper (six pice) but ondary school course and joined were filled with stories of crime,
it was a different from its rivals a college in Tirunelveli but left it violence and cinema, written in
in presentation of news and after barely six months. He was an easy style and language. He
views. Within a month of its attracted by the Congress move- provided readers what they liked
publication its circulation shot ment, especially by the ideals of to be fed on and they lapped it up.
up and it was more than the Bal Gangadhar Tilak and he took The paper’s circulation increased
combined circulation of all other it upon himself to carry out the manifold and Adityan brought out
Tamil papers. movement started by the Con- editions from Madras and other
Dinamani had originally been gress. centres. As the Dravidian parties,
started by S. Sadanand who Although he had discontinued the Dravida Kazhagam (under
purchased the Indian Express college education, Sivaraman E.V. Ramaswami Naicker) and the
from Varadarajulu Naidu. Both began educating himself through Dravida Munnetra Kazahgagam
the papers later came into the wide and purposive reading. (under C.N. Annadurai) began
possession of Ramnath Goenka. Reading at all hours and far into to dominate the political scene
The first editor of Dinamani was the night became his habit. He in post-independence Madras
T. S. Chockalingam, an ardent was a prominent Congress vol- state (before it was renamed
Congressman and a powerful unteer in the Salt Satyagraha Tamil Nadu), Adityan resigned
20 RIND Survey March 2019(Left to right): The front pages of Virakesari dated August 6, 1930; Daily Thanti; and Dinamalar.
from the Congress and joined Another daily which has made Dinamalar introduced offset
the Dravidian movement. His its mark is Dinamalar, estab- printing in 1981 and adopted
contribution to Tamil journalism lished by T.V. Ramasubba Aiyer, other modern techniques of
was that he took the newspaper a Congressman of Tirunelveli. printing. A feature of the paper is
to the doorstep of the poor It was started in 1951 in Trivan- its photographic coverage which
and downtrodden. Over the drum and played an active role gives it a unique place in Tamil
years, Dina Thanthi and its sister in the agitation for the merger of journalism. During the Pope’s
publications have not changed Tamil areas in Travancore with visit to Madras in 1986, it came
much in the type of journalism Tamil Nadu and was very popu- out with a four-page photo fea-
it began with. Neither has its lar for that reason. At one stage, ture of the Pope’s engagements
popularity waned. the paper’s office was raided by in the city.
The path shown by Dina the police and its copies were A Tamil daily which was the
Thanthi has been followed by seized. This happened when Pat- result of cooperative efforts is
many other Tamil dailies. The tom Thanu Pillai was the chief Makkal Kural, which appeared
most common features have minister of the state. in Madras in 1973. It came to
been: a: wide coverage of politi- After the success of the agitation life on the ashes of Navaamani,
cal warfare in Tamil Nadu, b: and when Nagercoil and Kanya- founded by a cooperative soci-
dominance of crime, sex and kumari were merged with Tamil ety, which got into trouble with
cinema, and c: multiple editions. Nadu, Ramasubha Aiyer moved the DMK Government and had
Dinakaran followed this path to Tirunelveli where Dinamalar in finally to close down. One of its
and added more good investiga- 1960 concentrated on the problems leading journalists, Shanmuga
tive stories. It is published from of the local people and in getting Vel, floated the Newsmen Asso-
multiple centres. Unlike Dina the people’s grievances redressed. ciates in 1972 and the Makkal
Thanthi, it has an editorial. It has Its circulation went up and an edi- Kural came into being the next
a good circulation and one rea- tion was started at Tiruchi in 1966 year. It had an able and experi-
son for its popularity is said to followed by one in Madras in 1979 enced editor in T.R. Ramaswami,
be its anti-establishment posture. and in Erode in 1984. who was formerly connected
March 2019 RIND Survey 21with Patriot and Link of New newspaper by the entire Tamil- largest circulated. It occupies
Delhi and with the Federation speaking population in Sri Lanka. sixth position in the list of top
of Working Journalists. TRR, In 2005 Virakesari's e-paper was ten language magazines of the
as he was known to his readers, launched, which it claimed was country. Malayalam periodical
had a powerful pen and a head the world's first Tamil e-paper. Vanitha tops the list.
for facts and figures. In 1982, it Among other Tamil language Newspapers across India and
started an evening English daily, newspapers published from Sri languages have had political lean-
News Today. Lanka were Eelamurasu, Eeela- ings, some overtly some covertly.
nadu and Uthayan (all the three But an interesting feature of
Tamil papers outside India papers were published from Tamil journalism is that it has
Tamil language newspapers Jaffna, a Tamil majority area. had distinct in-your-face politi-
have been published from out- Uthayan was founded in 1985 by cal leanings. Several newspapers
side the country from the pre- journalist Nadesapillai Vithyatha- were open and vocal about their
Independence era. There was a ran. Thinakkural was founded by leanings. In the pre-Independence
Tamil newspaper titled Tamil Pon Rajagobal, former editor of era, it could be divided into three
Nesan in Kuala Lumpur, Malay- Virakesari in 1997, and Sudar Oli groups: the Dravidian Press, the
sia since 1924. It was the lone was founded in Colombo on 10 Nationalist Press, the Muslim
Tamil newspaper in Malaysia September 2000 as a weekly news- Press. Post-Independence, the
till Tamil Osai was launched in paper. It became a daily newspa- trend continues; albeit with dif-
1981. Later, it was rechristened per on 29 October 2001. Nade- ferent rallying points.
Makkal Osai2, which in English sapillai Vithyatharan became the
means Tamil Voice. Thami- paper's editor in 2002. Radio: Radio broadcasting was
zhavel G.Sarangapani launched Almost all Tamil language pioneered in India by the Madras
Tamil Murasu in Singapore on newspapers in Sri Lanka suf- Presidency Club Radio in 1924.
1935. By mid 2012, it was the fered heavily during the conflict The Club worked a broadcasting
only Tamil language newspaper beginning early 1980s. Besides service for three years, but owing
in Singapore. Sri Lanka and Malaysia, Tamil to financial difficulties gave it up
Several Tamil language newspapers are also published in 1927. In the same year (1927)
newspapers have been published from countries like Singapore, some enterprising businessmen
from Sri Lanka, the best known UK, Canada, Australia and sev- in Bombay started the Indian
being Virakesari. It was first eral countries in West Asia. Broadcasting Company with
published on August 6, 1930 stations in Bombay and Calcutta.
by P.P.R. Subramanian, an Leading Tamil dailies This company failed in 1930;
entrepreneur and journalist By end-2012, Daily Thanthi was in 1932 the Government of
from Avanipatti Village in the largest-read daily in Tamil India took over broadcasting. A
Tamil Nadu. Subramanian Nadu. According to the Indian separate department known as
guided the publication for over Readership Survey Q-4 2012, it Indian Broadcasting Service was
20 years, during which the occupies the seventh position in opened.
publication focused on the rights the top ten publication of the The service was later desig-
and grievances of the plantation country. Hindi daily Dainik nated All India Radio (AIR) and
workers, capturing the attention Jagran tops the list. Daily Thanthi was placed under a separate min-
of the Tamil-speaking population. is followed by Dinakaran and istry – the Ministry of Informa-
By mid-2012, it was the most Dinamalar. Among the Tamil tion and Broadcasting. AIR is
widely circulated and read magazines, Kumudum is the controlled by a director general,
2. http://makkalosai.com/
22 RIND Survey March 2019who is assisted by several deputy the public broadcaster runs three New media: Tamil Nadu was
directors and a chief engineer. terrestrial television channels at the forefront of new media
The first FM broadcasting in in Tamil Nadu - DD Chennai revolution. The Hindu, which has
India began in 1977 in Madras. By (DD-1), DD News (DD-2) and at its headquarters in Chennai,
mid-2011, Tamil Nadu had two DD Podhigai, and one satellite was the first newspaper in India
AM and ten FM radio stations, television channel, Podhigai to go online in 1995. Regional
operated by All India Radio and TV, from its Chennai centre. newspapers made their online
private broadcasters. Chennai- Tamil Nadu has witnessed presence by late 90s. By early 2013,
based Anna University has the tremendous growth of private almost all major newspapers and
distinction of running India's TV channels after 1991. Major periodicals had their presence
first campus community radio private TV networks operating on cyber world with several
station, which was launched on in the state are Sun TV, Raj TV, having their e-papers. There
1st February, 2004. Star Vijay, Jaya TV, Makkal are hundreds of Tamil speaking
TV, Kalaignar TV, Thamizhan population-focused news sites
Television: TV broadcasting in TV. Chennai is the first city in and subject specific websites.
<
Tamil Nadu began in 1974 after India to have implemented the
Doordarshan set up its Chennai conditional access system for
station the same year. Currently, cable television.
Workshop on Hindi for prin�ng students
Department of Prin�ng Technology
of Arasan Ganesan Polytechnic
College, Sivakasi, organised a two-
day workshop on Hindi for the final-
year Prin�ng Technology students, in
two batches (picture shows a session
in progress). The objec�ve was to
help students equip themselves for
be�er placement opportuni�es and
to overcome language barriers when
they are posted to North India or
Photo: AGPC
West Asian countries. The training
will help them to get accustomed
with the language immediately a�er
their placement in North India and
Gulf countries.
Speakers included M. Nandakumar, chairman, ISTE; A. Paramasivam, head of the Department
Prin�ng Technology; and Viswanathan, director, Language Learning Centre, Madurai. Sixty-eight
students from Prin�ng Technology Department a�ended.
<
March 2019 RIND Survey 23EXTRACT FROM KODAK CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSBILITY REPORT 24 RIND Survey March 2019
March 2019 RIND Survey 25
26 RIND Survey March 2019
Industry updates
Previously, the only BCCL printing site for
Reliable technology for the metropolitan region lay on its north-eastern
India’s growth market periphery, in the Sahibabad Industrial Area of
Ghaziabad. The plant has seen continuous expan-
Bennett Coleman & Co (BCCL) is India’s largest sion over the decades. The newly built Bennett
media company. It is growing in the print market Coleman Manesar printing plant is conveniently
as well, having built another printing plant in located on the other side of the region in Gurgaon,
2018 to improve coverage of the Greater Delhi in the state of Haryana. The Western Peripheral
area. BCCL again invested in a Ferag conveyor Expressway, which runs around the Delhi area,
and compensating stacker technology for the passes directly behind the printing site.
mailroom at the new location. BCCL is among the major operators who col-
BCCL owns various TV and radio stations, news- laborate with machine manufacturers to advance
paper publishers and Internet companies. Company technologies. For a long time, the Indian company
headquarters are in the country’s two largest cities, was loyal to one printing press manufacturer, but
Delhi and Mumbai. The group publishes upwards for the Manesar printing plant, a double-width,
of ten newspapers, including The Times of India – single-circumference machine (4/1) capable of up
the world’s largest English-language broadsheet to 80000 newspaper copies per hour was ordered
in terms of daily circulation – and The Economic from Japanese manufacturer TKS. Keeping pace
Times, the country’s largest business newspaper with such speeds requires seriously high-perfor-
and the second-largest of its kind in the world. All mance technology in the mailroom.
in all, Bennett Coleman prints more than 7.5 mil- So here, Bennett Coleman once more put its trust
lion newspaper copies a day at 42 locations that in Swiss company Ferag and equipped the print-
include 14 company-owned printing plants. ing plant with a proven combination of universal
Supplying a national daily is a logistical challenge conveyor (UTR) and MultiStack high-performance
in the world’s second most populous country: compensating stackers (MTS). The bundle forma-
just the capital region around Delhi is home to tion configuration at Bennett Coleman usually
around 45 million people. To better tap the market, comprises two MTS machines, but in Manesar this
an additional printing site went into operation has been extended by a third MultiStack that pro-
last year. cesses pre-programmed odd bundles.
by respective company /PR agency
Materials in this section: Provided
Pictures show the new Ferag universal conveyor (UTR) and MultiStack high-performance compensating stackers (MTS).
28 RIND Survey March 2019You can also read
