RENISO Refrigeration Oils 2020/2021 - Fuchs
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
RENISO Refrigeration Oils 2020/2021
2 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 3
Facts and figures
FUCHS Group
Established 3 generations ago as a family-owned business
Position: No. 1 worldwide among the independent suppliers
of lubricants
Companies worldwide: 62
Employees: Almost 5,600 employees
Product program: A full range of over 10,000 lubricants
and related specialties
FUCHS SCHMIERSTOFFE GMBH
100% subsidiary of FUCHS PETROLUB SE
Headquaters: Mannheim
Further production plants Wedel, Kiel
Employees: More than 950 employees
Certifications: IATF 16949, DIN ISO 14001,
ISO 45001, ISO 50001
References: Leading lubricant manufacturer for the
German automotive industry
LUBRICANTS.
TECHNOLOGY.
PEOPLE.
FUCHS is a global Group with German roots that develops, FUCHS SCHMIERSTOFFE GMBH works with a team of more
produces and distributes lubricants and related specialties. than 950 specialists on 3 subsidiaries across Germany to
guarantee the satisfaction of our customers.
We have more than 100,000 customers, including compa-
nies from the following fields: automotive suppliers, OEM, In close contact with its customers FUCHS develops
mining and exploration, metalworking, agriculture and custom-made, innovative and reliable solutions for the
forestry, aerospace, power generation, mechanical most diverse applications. Whatever their requirements we
engineering, construction and transport, as well as steel, have the ideal lubricant for their specific applications and
metal and cement industries, yet also companies in the food processes. In our technology center we link interdisciplinary
industry, glass production sector and the casting and for- expertise in a quick and efficient way – and work on innova-
ging industry – and many others. tive lubricant solutions to meet the demands of today and
We are completely focused on high-quality lubricants and tomorrow every single day.
Founded in 1931 as a family business in Mannheim today
related specialties. there are more than 62 operating companies with almost FUCHS lubricants stand for performance and sustainability,
5,600 employees in more than 40 countries under the for safety and reliability, for efficiency and cost savings.
We develop innovative and reliable solutions for a wide variety umbrella of FUCHS PETROLUB SE. FUCHS is the world's They represent a promise: technology that pays off.
of applications. largest provider among the independent lubricant manu-
facturers.
We value the high level of commitment of our employees and
their trusting interaction with one another.
4 5
Refrigeration oils play an important role
in the area of lubricants and lubrication
technology. The expected long life of
refrigerant compressors largely depends
on the quality of the used refrigeration
oil.
Apart from favourable solubility char-
acteristics with the refrigerant, good
low-temperature flowability, high ther-
mal stability, good ageing resistance and
high chemical stability in the presence
of refrigerant are additional important
parameters.
Index
06 – 07 10 –15 18 – 41 46 – 50 53 55
The development of high- Physical and chemical data of Synthetic refrigeration oils Overview of RENISO products 4 good reasons for using RENISO RENISO product portfolio
performance refrigeration oils refrigeration oils refrigeration oils
08 – 09 16 –17 42 – 45 51 – 52 54
Requirements and classification Mineral oil-based refrigeration oils The FUCHS service program Refrigeration oil selection Notes
of refrigeration oils guide for industrial systems
6 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 7
The development of
high-performance refrigeration oils
The interaction with other substances, in particular with the refrigerant, at
fluctuating high and low temperatures creates very specific demands on the
lubricant in the circuit.
The principal function of a refrigeration oil is to adequately Particularly during start-up periods oil enrichment due to
lubricate all moving parts in the refrigerant compressor. pronounced oil foaming as a result of dissolved refrigerant
Depending on the type of compressor, heat must also be can occur. When the refrigerant evaporates the oil then
dissipated and compression chambers and valves have to be cools down. If the flowability of the remaining oil is not suf-
sealed. ficient (due to high viscosity and/or poor refrigerant misci-
bility), reliable return to the compressor is not possible. The
The compressor type, the efficiency of the oil separator, the compressor, on the other hand, requires a certain viscosity of
design of the refrigeration system, the operating parame- the oil-refrigerant mixture. The optimum operating viscosity
ters, the refrigeration oil selection etc. are responsible for of the lubricant – subject to the influence of the refrigerant
varying amounts of oil present in the refrigerant circuit. Oil (pressure- and temperature-related dissolution of refrig-
content in the system usually can reach ranges from 1 to 5% erant) – thus represents a compromise between minimum
and in special cases also higher values. To ensure reliable viscosity required for reliable compressor lubrication and
oil circulation and to ensure that the oil returns from the the necessary low-temperature flowing properties needed
“cold” part of the circuit, refrigeration oils with satisfactory to ensure sufficient oil circulation in the circuit.
miscibility in the corresponding refrigerant are used.
Research and Development –
under the sign of climate protection
Our research and development department deals with examined and suitable lubricants can be selected and
comprehensive researches on refrigeration oils with all continously improved.
relevant refrigerants.
Because of the new challenges also for refrigeration oils
In general sustainable refrigerants are becoming more which are coming up owing to the commencement of the
Scheme of refrigeration circuit System 1: System 2: and more important. Low GWP refrigerants (GWP = Global European F-gases regulation (EU no. 517/2014) a reliable
Dry evaporation Flooded evaporator Warming Potential = contribution of a refrigerant to the and innovative manufacturer of lubricants like FUCHS be-
global warming) like e.g. carbon dioxide (GWP=1) and pro- comes a more and more important partner in refrigeration
Oil separator pane (GWP=3), but also synthetic fluorinated alternatives technology.
Condenser like R1234yf and R1234ze(E) (both GWP
8 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 9
The classification of refrigeration oils according to
DIN 51503, part 1 (2011) is in line with the refrigerants
used in the refrigeration system
KAA KAB KB
Refrigeration oils not miscible with Refrigeration oils miscible with ammo- Refrigeration oils for carbon dioxide
ammonia – mineral oils and/or syn- nia – generally polyalkylene glycols (CO2) – synthetic polyol esters (POE),
thetic oils – based on polyalphaolefin (PAG). The water content of fresh PAG polyalkylene glycols (PAG) or polyal-
(PAO) or alkyl benzene (AB) or hydro- lubricants used in ammonia applica- phaolefins (PAO). POE oils generally
genated mineral oils. tions should not exceed 350 ppm. offer good CO2 miscibility. PAG oils
In most cases, highly-refined, napht- and CO2 only allow limited miscibility
henic refrigeration oils are used as (larger miscibility gap with CO2). Syn-
KAA products. Hydrogenated mineral thetic, polyalphaolefin-based refrig-
oils and PAO get more and more eration oils are not miscible with CO2.
REQUIREMENTS AND CLASSIFICATION important.
OF REFRIGERATION OILS
KC KD* KE
Refrigeration oils for partly and fully Refrigeration oils for partly and fully Refrigeration oils for hydrocarbons
halogenated fluorinated and chlorina- fluorinated hydrocarbons (HFC, FC) – (e.g. propane, isobutane) – mineral
ted hydrocarbons (CFC, HCFC) – as a as a rule, polyol esters (POE) or oils or synthetic oils based on alkyl
rule, mineral oils and alkyl benzenes polyalkylene glycols (PAG). The refri- benzene, PAO, POE or PAG. According
(in some cases ester oils also possible). geration oils described in group KD to the oil group, the maximum permis-
Mostly highly-refined, naphthenic are polar products with pronounced sible fresh oil water content should
mineral oils and specially treated alkyl hygroscopic characteristics. For fresh not exceed 30 ppm for mineral oils
benzenes (alkylates) are used. The polyol esters (POE) the water content and alkyl benzene, 50 ppm for PAO,
water content of fresh KC oils should should not exceed 100 ppm. Polyalky- 100 ppm for POE and 350 ppm for
be < 30 ppm. If the water content is lene glycols (PAG) are often used in PAG.
DIN 51503 describes the minimum requirements which refrigeration oils have to fulfil. This standard higher, there is a danger of undesirab- a/c systems. Their maximum fresh-oil
applies to oils which are used to lubricate and cool refrigerant compressors while under the influence of le reactions with the refrigerant which water content should not exceed
the refrigerant. can lead to the decomposition of the 350 ppm.
oil-refrigerant mixture.
For hydrocarbon refrigerant also so called gas compressor oils can be applied, e.g. RENOLIN LPG 185 in
combination with propane or propene. It has to be considered that these lubricants are not dried during
production and therefore may have to undergo a drying procedure prior to be filled in refrigerant
equipment.
* the actual revision (october 2020) of DIN 51503-1 will lead to the classification of HFO and HFO/HFC refrigerants under
group KD
10 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 11
Typical data to characterize a refrigeration oil
Colour according to DIN ISO 2049:
Colour is product specific and can vary between crystal-clear because it is suitable for both refrigeration oil without
(colour number 0) and dark brown (colour number 5). additives as well as refrigeration oil with additives.
Undissolved water (free water) can also be determined
Density according to DIN 51757: using the Water-Xylol method (DIN ISO 3733). The content
Density refers to the mass of a fluid in relation to its of water in refrigeration oils is very low when compared to
volume. In general to characterize a refrigeration oil the other lubricants, refrigeration oils are normally used
density at 15 °C is reported. The density of a refrigeration “ultra-dried”.
oil is largely dependent on the temperature of the fluid
because the volume increases with higher temperature. Pourpoint according to DIN ISO 3016:
Density correspondingly falls at higher temperatures. The pourpoint shows the lowest temperature at which an
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA oil still flows when it is cooled down under defined condi-
Neutralization number according to DIN 51558-1: tions. According to DIN ISO 3016 the sample is cooled down
OF REFRIGERATION OILS The neutralization number serves to determine the amount and its flowing behaviour is tested in 3K steps. The pour-
of acidic components in a lubricant. Acids can corrode point and threshold viscosity define the lowest temperature
materials which come into contact with refrigeration oils. at which a pure refrigeration oil can be used. However, the
High levels of acids which can be created by oxidation, pourpoint and flowing characteristics of refrigeration oils
hydrolysis or ageing are therefore undesirable. The neutra- are significantly affected by the proportion of dissolved ref-
lization number is shown in mg KOH/g. A comparison with rigerant. Dissolved refrigerant significantly reduces the
fresh oil values is essential when evaluating a used refrige- pourpoint, i.e. a refrigeration oil can be used at far lower
ration oil. The neutralization numbers of refrigeration oils evaporation temperatures (exception: flooded ammonia
are very low compared to other lubricants. They are in the evaporation systems) than the pourpoint of the pure oil
region of < 0.1 mg KOH/g. would suggest. The amount of refrigerant dissolved in re-
The neutralization number is identical with the so called frigeration oil is given by pressure-viscosity-temperature
total acid number (TAN) acc. to ASTM D974. charts (PVT diagrams) of oil-refrigerant mixtures, also
known as Daniel Plots.
Water content according to DIN 51777:
Determining water content according to Karl Fischer, Flashpoint according to DIN ISO 2592:
Additional information on the characteristics of refrigeration oils is included in the appendix to DIN 51777, Part 1 – direct method, Part 2 – indirect The flashpoint of a refrigeration oil provides information
DIN 51503, part 1. Important parameters such as the flocculation point with corresponding refrigerants, method. Water content according to Karl Fischer shown on the base oil or base oil-mixtures used. The flashpoint can
copper corrosion, electrical conductivity in correlation with water content, Falex lubricity test or the as mg/kg (=ppm: parts per million) is determined by titra- also be used to provide indirect information about the
modified Almen-Wieland test under refrigerant atmosphere are included. The appendix also names the tion. The quantity of dissolved water in refrigeration oils vapour-pressure behaviour of refrigeration oils. The lowest
corresponding PVT diagrams (Daniel Plots) of the oil-refrigerant combinations. can only be determined with this method. It is recommen- temperature at which a naked flame ignites the vapour
ded to apply the indirect method acc. DIN 51777 Part 2 above the surface of the fluid is called the flashpoint.
The water contents given in DIN 51503, part 1, are the maximum permissible values of the fresh oils.
Refrigeration oils should be delivered in gas-tight metal packages which allow no moisture to ingress even
after longer periods of storage. When handling refrigeration oils care should be taken that the containers
are always resealed and that partly used containers should be used up as soon as possible or alternatively
stored with filled-in inert gas atmosphere.
12 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 13
Typical data to characterize
a refrigeration oil
Water absorption (hygroscopicity) of Water content according to DIN 51777-2
refrigeration oils
Miscibility behaviour of FUCHS RENISO TRITON SEZ 32 with R134a Phase separation into
Time [h]
oil-rich and refrigerant-rich phase 1.000
120 (in glass tubes in FUCHS R&D) 0 4 24 72
900
Phase separation PAG ISO VG 46 70 1,350 5,100 7,000
800
90
700 POE ISO VG 32 30 280 700 1.350
Water content [ppm]
Temperature [°C]
60 Oil-rich
Water
phase 600 POE ISO VG 80 30 150 370 600
content
Full miscibility 500 [ppm]
30 POE ISO VG 170 15 130 230 350
400
0 Refrige- Mineral oil/ 10 15 20 20
rant-rich 300 PAO ISO VG 68
phase
-30 200
Phase separation
100
Test conditions
-60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0 20°C ambient temperature
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 60% relative humidity
Concentration [mass % oil in R134a-oil mixture]
Time [h] Oil is stored in open can
Refrigerant miscibility according to DIN 51514: Refrigerant compatibility according to ASHRAE 97-2007: Polyol esters (POE), which are described as polar, hygrosco- HCFC, react chemically with water when subject to high
The miscibility behaviour of the refrigeration oil with The compatibility of the refrigerant with the refrigeration pic lubricants, display a continously rising water content. temperatures and this can also reduce oil stability.
various refrigerants is shown in miscibility gap diagrams. oil is of fundamental importance. In the Sealed Tube Test An increase to over 200 ppm water in the POE oil cannot be
acc. to ASHRAE 97-2007: “Method to test the chemical sta- tolerated. The diagram also shows the increase in water Well-known indicators of oil ageing are an increase in
This behaviour is determined in pressure resistant glass bility of materials for use within refrigerant systems” a test content in relation to viscosity. Low viscous ester oils absorb neutralization number (acid number) and copper plating.
tubes or in autoclaves. Different concentrations of oil- tube or autoclave is filled with a defined quantity of oil and moisture more rapidly than high viscous ester oils. PAG re- Copper plating means that copper (e.g. from the tubing)
refrigerant mixtures are tested. The oil-refrigerant mixture fluid refrigerant and a catalyst (pieces of iron, copper, alu- frigeration oils, which are mostly used in a/c systems with is chemically dissolved in the oil and then deposited else-
is homogenized and cooled (respectively heated) in a de- minium). The test is performed at 175 °C for 14 days. At the R134a and R1234yf, are even more hygroscopic. PAG lubri- where, usually on mechanically-stressed metal surfaces such
fined way (in 3K steps). If the oil and refrigerant separate end of the test the oil is evaluated for changes, its neutral- cants absorb large quantities of moisture in relatively short as pistons, valves, etc. This can cause problems to machine
into two fluid phases (the phase separation is characterized ization number is tested and the surface of the metal pieces time and thus rapidly exceed permissible thresholds of parts with only small tolerances. Copper plating occurs
by turbidity or emulsion formation in the initially clear is examined for changes. about 800 ppm water in used oils. when the oil acidifies. This process is accelerated by mois-
fluid), this is the miscibility gap or the point of threshold ture in the system and with advanced oil ageing.
solubility. These points from different concentrations form Chemical stability: Thermal stability:
a phase diagram, more commonly known as the miscibility The chemical stability of a refrigeration oil depends on The exposure of lubricating oils to high temperatures Testing the ammonia-stability of refrigeration oils
gap diagram. a number of important factors including an extremely low over longer periods of time can lead to the formation of according to DIN 51538:
water content in the system. Refrigeration oils with high decomposition products which can cause serious problems. An ammonia-saturated stream of air is passed through the
The refrigerant miscibility of the lubricating oil in the coo- water contents must be replaced. The diagram on page 13 Ageing stability is thus an important lubricant selection cri- refrigeration oil to be tested. This test lasts for 168 hours at
ling circuit is of decisive importance to oil transportation shows the moisture absorption (hygroscopicity) of refrige- terion. Decomposition processes are generally complex che- 120 °C in the presence of a steel catalyst. The base number
and to the overall efficiency of the refrigeration system as a ration oils. Different refrigeration oils have been stored in mical reactions which are catalyzed by metals such as cop- (in mg KOH/g) of the thus aged oil is used as a criterion to
whole. Phase separations can lead to operating malfunc- open containers at 20 °C and 60 % relative humidity and the per, iron or aluminium. Also water in the system can lead to evaluate the stability of the refrigeration oil when in cont-
tions especially in heat exchangers, evaporators and in col- increase in moisture present in the refrigeration oils has the formation of decomposition products. act with ammonia and oxygen in the air (deviation from
lectors. Insufficient oil return not only affects the function been recorded: Non-polar lubricants such as mineral oil and fresh oil value, measured acc. to DIN ISO 3771).
of control valves but can also lead to inadequate lubrication polyalphaolefin which normally have water contents of less Experience shows that an increase in temperature of 10K
and compressor breakdowns. than 30 ppm show no significant increase in water content. doubles the speed of ageing. Some refrigerants, especially
14 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 15
Typical data to characterize Refrigeration Oils for applications using fluorinated refrigerants:
RENISO TRITON SE / SEZ based on polyol esters (POE)
a refrigeration oil Example: Kinematic viscosity and vapour pressure (Daniel Plot) RENISO TRITON SE 55 – R134a mixture
10.000
5.000
Kinematic viscosity according to DIN EN ISO 3104: charts, Daniel Plots) which are product and refrigerant speci-
1.000
Viscosity (the "thickness of the oilfilm") is the most impor fic. These diagrams show how much of a particular refriger- 500
tant characteristic describing the load-bearing capacity of ant dissolves in the oil under certain pressure and tempera-
200
an oil. Refrigeration oils along with other industrial lubri- ture conditions and how the kinematic viscosity of the 100
cants, are classified according to their kinematic viscosity refrigeration oil changes as a result. These figures form the 60
into ISO Viscosity Grades. The reference temperature is basis for evaluating the compressor lubrication under opera- 40
Kinematic viscosity [mm2/s]
40 °C and the official unit of kinematic viscosity is m2/s but in tion conditions.
20
the lubrication world, the units mm2/s or cSt are more com- 4 bar A
mon. DIN 51519 defines 18 different viscosity grades from 2 In the past refrigeration systems were operated with 13 100 % oil
10
to 1000 mm2/s at 40 °C for fluid industrial oils. Every viscosity chlorinated CFC/HCFC refrigerants. The chlorine compounds 8 6 bar
8 bar 90 % oil
grade is described by the mean viscosity at 40 °C and the in these products acted as anti wear (AW) additives. This 6
5 10 bar
permissible deviation of +/- 10 % of this value. additional protection is no longer available from chlorine- 80 % oil
4
free refrigerants. Today’s refrigerants thus need corres-
3 70 % oil
pondingly good lubricity.
Dynamic & kinematic viscosity:
2
To achieve reliable protection against wear the use of
The arithmetical correlation between dynamic and high-performance additives (AW additives) in combination
kinematic viscosity is described by the following with selected suitable base fluids is essential.
equation:
Mixture viscosity and vapour pressure; Daniel Plot; 1
= η/ PVT diagram -25 0 25 50 60 75 100
The influence of the refrigerant dissolved in the oil on visco- Temperature [°C]
= kinematic viscosity sity is illustrated by PVT diagrams, otherwise known as
η = dynamic viscosity Daniel Plots. In these, saturation vapour pressure and mix-
= fluid density ture viscosity at defined concentrations are shown against
temperature. The lower diagram (see next page) shows, for
35
example, the amount of refrigerant dissolved in the oil at a
The viscosity of an oil falls with rising temperature. The certain temperature and the corresponding system pressure.
Viscosity Index (VI) describes this temperature dependence 30
and is calculated according to DIN ISO 2909 from the kine- Example: Point A: 60 °C, 6 bar –> 90 % oil / 10 % refrigerant.
matic viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C. A suitably high lubricant
viscosity is necessary to form a load-bearing lubricating film The resulting mixture viscosity can be taken from the upper
25
in the bearings, cylinders etc. of the compressor. However diagram (see also next page) where the lines for the given
in the refrigerant circuit itself the oil should have the lowest temperature and for the corresponding percentage of oil
possible viscosity to secure reliable oil transport. Refrigera- dissolved in the refrigerant cross. 20 70 % oil
Pressure [bar]
tion oils of various viscosities are used depending on the
type of compressor and the application in question. The vis- Example: Point A: 60 °C, 90 % –> 13 mm2/s.
cosity to be applied is normally specified by the compressor 15
80 % oil
manufacturer. The resulting mixture viscosity at various pressures and tem-
peratures shows the influence of refrigerant dissolved in
This information alone is often not enough to evaluate the the oil. This influence of refrigerant on oil viscosity is based 10
suitability of a refrigeration oil for a particular application. on the suction pressure in the case of piston compressors 90 % oil
Additional, interesting information is provided by the and the outlet pressure (pressure in the oil separator) in the A
6
corresponding pressure-viscosity-temperature charts (PVT case of screw compressors. 5
0
-25 0 25 50 60 75 100
Temperature [°C]
All % figures represent mass of oil in the refrigerant.
16 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 17
REFRIGERATION OIL Refrigeration oils for Isobutane (R600a) applications:
RENISO WF based on mineral oil
PRODUCT GROUPS
Example: Kinematic viscosity and vapour pressure (Daniel Plot): RENISO WF 5 A-R600a mixture
200
Mineral oil based refrigeration oils 100
90
70
60
50
40
Example: Miscibility of RENISO WF 5 A with R600a (miscility gap diagram) 30
Kinematic viscosity [mm2/s]
20
120
10
90 9
7 100% oil
6
Temperature [°C]
60 5
4
90% oil
30 Complete miscibility, no phase separation between -60 °C and +90 °C 3
2 80% oil
0
70% oil
1
-30 0,9
0,7
0,6
-60 0,5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Concentration [mass % oil in R600a-oil mixture] Temperature [°C]
Photo: Nidec
9
RENISO K series RENISO WF series 8
7
Highly refined, naphthenic mineral stability in the presence of ammonia Selected, highly refined cuts with spe- 6
oils, free of additives. The RENISO K and their worldwide availability, these cial anti-wear additives. The RENISO 5
series can be used in NH3 systems as oils play an important role in conven- WF series – in the viscosity grades ISO 4
well as for HCFC applications (e.g. for tional NH3 refrigeration systems. VG 5-15 are perfect for the lubrication 3 70 % oil
R22). As a result of their good ageing of hermetically sealed refrigerator
2 80 % oil
compressors which use isobutane
(R600a) as refrigerant. Diagrams of 90 % oil
Vapour pressure [bar]
RENISO
1
WF 5 A with isobutane (R600a) see
0,8
page 17 please. 0,7 95 % oil
0,6
0,5
The use of low viscous RENISO WF 0,4
refrigeration oils in modern compres- 97,5 % oil
0,3
sors can achieve significant improve-
ments in energy efficiency. 0,2
0,1
0,09
0,08
0,07
0,06
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Photo: GEA Refrigeration Germany Temperature [°C]
All % figures represent mass of oil in the refrigerant.
18
18 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 19
Synthetic refrigeration oils
Determination of the flowability of refrigeration oils for NH3: Evaporation losses of refrigeration oils for NH3 acc. ASTM D972 :
U-Tube-Test (DIN 51568) 150° / 22h / air flow rate 2l/min
RENISO UltraCool 68 & RENISO SYNTH 68 RENISO UltraCool 68 & RENISO SYNTH 68
significantly better low temperature flowability than mineral oils and alkyl benzenes significant lower evaporation loss in comparison to mineral oils and hydrotreated
preferable for low evaporating temperatures oils less oil losses / less oil consumption
Photos: Bock 15 12
10,7 %
10
Evaporation losses [%]
Flow velocity [mm/min]
10 8
Limit flow velocity
= 10mm/min 6 5,2 %
4,3 %
5 4
2,0 %
PAO RENISO SYNTH 68 Alkyl benzene RENISO S 68 2
synth. HC RENISO UltraCool 68 Mineral oil RENISO KC 68 0,3 %
0 0
-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 Mineral oil ISO VG 68 competitor product RENISO UltraCool 68
Temperature [°C] RENISO KC 68 RENISO SYNTH 68
Mineral oil hydrotreated ISO VG 68 competitor product
Photos: Bitzer
Polyalphaolefins (PAO) /
Alkyl benzenes (AB) synthetic hydrocarbons Polyol esters (POE)
RENISO S / SP series RENISO SYNTH 68 RENISO TRITON SE / SEZ series
Chemically and thermally highly stable Thermally stable polyalphaolefin (PAO) with excellent cold flowing properties for NH3 Synthetic refrigeration oils based on thermally and chemically highly stable reactions can occur if excessive water
alkyl benzene (AB) oils. A special refi- systems with highly stressed compressors and low evaporation temperatures. Due to its polyol esters (POE), special mono- and/or dipentaerythritol esters. content in the oil and extreme stress
ning treatment during the production outstanding cold flow properties RENISO SYNTH 68 is also recommended for the use in Due to their good miscibility these polyol ester oils are perfectly suited for appli- combine. It is therefore necessary to
process further improves the low tem- plate evaporators with narrow tubing diameters – especially for low temperatures. cations with HFC/FC refrigerants such as R134a, R404A, R407C etc.. Comprehen- ensure that these products do not
perature properties as well as the che- RENISO SYNTH 68 can also be used as a refrigeration oil for R723 (dimethyl ether- sive tests have been performed on the use of these products with R22 drop-in come into contact with water or mois-
mical and thermal stability of these ammonia-mixture) and for CO2 applications (not miscible with CO2). Due to its benefi- refrigerants such as R422A/D and R417A. Similarly RENISO TRITON SE/SEZ pro- ture during storage, handling or ope-
oils. These products display outstan- cial solubility behaviour (low dilution) and its extraordinary viscosity-temperature- ducts are also recommended for use with partially-fluorinated propane and ration. All RENISO TRITON SE/SEZ pro-
ding additive solubility. Because of behaviour (high VI) RENISO SYNTH 68 is also very suitable for the use with hydrocar- butane derivate (e.g. R245fa, R236fa, R227ea) in heat pumps and expanders ducts are ultra-dried and filled into
their favourable miscibility with HCFCs bons like propane (R290) or propylene (R1270). (ORC systems, waste heat recovery). gas-tight metal cans and drums in
even at low temperature RENISO SP RENISO TRITON SE/SEZ oils are already successfully introduced in applications nitrogen atmosphere.
series products are recommended for RENISO UltraCool 68 and RENISO UltraCool 100 with use for low GWP refrigerants of the HFO family (Hydrogenated Fluorinated
R22 and its mixtures. RENISO UltraCool refrigeration oils are used for ammonia refrigeration plants with Olefins). Comprehensive laboratory tests as well as practical experiences with
The RENISO SP grades containing AW deep evaporation temperatures down to < -45 °C. Due to their thermal stability R1234yf, R1234ze(E) and numerous HFO/HFC mixtures already exist. FUCHS is a
additives are not suitable for NH3 sys- RENISO UltraCool oils avoid the formation of oil deposits and sludge in the compres- very dedicated lubrication partner in many projects with these new HFO and
tems. The RENISO S series does not sor. According to this maintenance costs of the refrigeration plant (filter replace- HFO/HFC refrigerants and will continually develop its range of lubricants in this
contain AW additives and is recom- ment, inspection work etc.) can be considerably reduced. RENISO UltraCool oils field.
mended for NH3 applications. show outstanding low evaporation rates which are significantly lower than that of
RENISO S / SP series products can also conventional and that of hydrotreated mineral oils. In practice this means that there RENISO TRITON SE/SEZ lubricants can also be used in cooling / refrigeration appli-
be used with HCFCs refrigerants such is less oil loss in the compressor (lower oil carry-over) which ends up in lower oil top- cations with hydrocarbon refrigerants like propane (R290) or propylene (R1270).
as R22. up volumes. This is also an important point with regard to cost savings in the refrige- Due to their high viscosity indices RENISO TRITON SE/SEZ products prove to have
ration plant. RENISO UltraCool refrigeration oils combine the very good cold flow excellent cold flow properties and a highly stable lubricating film under high
and high temperature properties of synthetic hydrocarbons with good elastomer temperature conditions in hydrocarbon applications. All RENISO TRITON SE/SEZ
properties (good compatibility with CR sealants) as they are only known from mine- products are characterized by excellent stability and outstanding lubricity.
ral oil products. All ester oils tend to absorb water. In extreme cases, hydrolytic decomposition20 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 21
Synthetic refrigeration oils
Polyalkylene glycols (PAG)
RENISO PG 68 Test in FUCHS axial roller bearing test rig
Synthetic, NH3-miscible refrigeration
oil based on special polyalkylene gly-
cols (PAG) with an additive system Test conditions:
designed to provide enhanced ageing 140 °C / 50 bar CO2 / axial loading
stability. 8 kN / 800 min-1.
Comparison of roller and bearing
The selected synthetic components surface wear after 20 hours.
display excellent viscosity-temperature
behaviour and good thermal stability.
RENISO PG 68 is specially developed (Photos above)
for NH3 systems which use the direct POE ISO VG 170 without additives:
evaporation principle (RENISO PG 68: pitting, wear.
with ammonia miscible oil).
(Photos below)
High water content in the ammonia RENISO C 170 E, POE ISO VG 170
refrigeration plant can lead to chemi- with anti-wear additives:
cal reactions between PAG refrigera- no wear.
tion oils and aluminium compressor
parts. This PAG oil should therefore be
used in ultra-dried form. Mixing with
mineral oils should also be avoided.
Suitable filter dryer systems to limit
the water content are commercially
available.
RENISO PG 68 is also suitable for use
with hydrocarbons. It displays minimal Lubricants for CO2 applications
hydrocarbon solubility which guaran-
tees that an effective lubrication film RENISO C series RENISO ACC 68 RENISO ACC HV – for vehicle a/c systems
is formed even at high specific loads. RENISO C series products are based on special synthetic, thermally stable polyol RENISO ACC 68 was particularly RENISO ACC HV (ISO VG 68) was developed in years of joint research work
RENISO PG 68 forms in contact with esters. They have an excellent miscibility behaviour together with CO2 which developed for the use in trans-critical together with leading compressor manufacturers and OEMs for the use in CO2
liquid hydrocarbons an own lubricant secures safe oil transport and proper heat transfer in the cooling circuit. CO2 applications such as air conditio- vehicle air conditioning systems.
phase (attention: phase separation / RENISO C refrigeration oils contain a special additive system which reliably pro- ning applications and heat pump sys-
miscibility gap!). tects highly-stressed compressors – as often found in CO2 systems – from wear tems. RENISO ACC 68 is formulated on RENISO ACC HV is based on double end-capped polyalkylene glycols (PAG) and
(see next page please). the basis of special thermally-stable contains an efficient additive system to increase the wear protection and the
RENISO PAG 46 and RENISO PAG 100 synthetic polyalkylene glycols. Highly chemical-thermal stability.
Selected polyalkylene glycols (PAG) for RENISO C series products can be used for both subcritical (e.g. low temperature effective additives ensure a reliable
automotive air conditioning systems cooling stages in supermarket cascade systems) and transcritical applications wear protection also under extreme RENISO ACC HV totally fulfills the high requirements on refrigeration oils for CO2
which use R134a as refrigerant. Also (e.g. in bus A/C systems and medium temperature cooling stages in supermar- operating conditions (high tempera- vehicle air conditioning systems.
recommended for the use in ammonia kets). RENISO C series products are already used successfully for more than 15 ture, high pressure ratio).
dry expansion (DX) systems (NH3-mis- years in CO2 refrigeration systems. Approvals from leading compressor manufac- RENISO ACC HV is also suitable for electrically driven air compressors in electric
cible oils). RENISO PAG 46 and PAG turers have been issued. vehicles - for both cooling and heat pump operation.
100 are also reliable lubricant solu-
tions in systems with hydrocarbons as
refrigerants (e.g. propane, propylene).
(attention: phase separation / miscibi-
lity gap!)22 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 23
Synthetic refrigeration oils
10.000 10.000
Lubricants for
CO2 applications 1.000 1.000
500 100 % oil 500 100 % oil
Kinematic viscosity [mm2/s]
Kinematic viscosity [mm2/s]
200
Refrigeration oils for CO2 (R744) 100 95 % oil Refrigeration oils for CO2 (R744) 100
95 % oil
applications: 50 applications:
50 90 % oil
RENISO C based on POE RENISO C based on POE
90 % oil
20 85 % oil
20
Example: Example:
80 % oil
Kinematic viscosity and vapour 85 % oil Kinematic viscosity and vapour
10 10
pressure (Daniel-Plot): pressure (Daniel-Plot): 75 % oil
RENISO C 55 E – CO2 mixture RENISO C 85 E – CO2 mixture
70 % oil
5
5
0
0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 -20 0 20 40 60 80
Temperature [°C] Temperature [°C]
100
100
oil
70 %
50 il
80 %o oil
75 %
Vapour pressure [bar]
50
oil oil oil
85 % 90 % 80 % il
o
Vapour pressure [bar]
85 %
20 oil
90 %
oil
95 %
20
oil
95 %
10
il
%o
10 97,5
5
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 5
Temperature [°C]
-20 0 20 40 60 80
Temperature [°C]
Example: 30
Miscibility of RENISO C 55 E with CO2
20 Phase separation
(miscibility gap)
40
10
Example:
Miscibility of RENISO C 85 E with CO2 Phase separation
Temperature [°C]
0 (Miscibility gap) 20
Temperatur [°C]
-10
0
Complete miscibility
-20 Complete miscibility
-20
-30
-40 -40
Phase separation
-50
-60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0 20 40 60 80 100
Concentration [mass % oil in CO2-oil mixture] Concentration [mass % oil in CO2-oil mixture]24 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 25
Lubricants for ammonia applications
Natural refrigerants have been used for refrigeration since Ammonia is conditionally flammable. However, the re- RENISO UltraCool 68 and RENISO UltraCool 100
the middle of the 19th century - mainly in food production quired ignition energy is 50 times higher than that of natu-
and storage. Ammonia (NH3) in particular has proven itself ral gas, and ammonia does not continue to burn without a Synthetic refrigeration oils based on synthetic hydrocar- Properties of RENISO UltraCool 68 and
in industrial refrigeration for over 120 years. Although the supporting flame. Ammonia is poisonous, but has a charac- bons / PAO with an excellent price-performance ratio: very RENISO UltraCool 100:
so-called safety refrigerants - for example CFCs, which are teristic odor with a high warning effect and is already per- high thermal and aging resistance, extremely low oil evapo-
banned today - were increasingly used in new systems in ceptible in the air from a concentration of 3 mg / m³, which ration loss in the compressor, good CR compatibility. Also Significantly higher aging resistance than mineral oils.
the 50s and 60s of the 20th century, ammonia has always means that the warning effect occurs long before a harmful perfectly suitable for heat pump applications (see also page
Reduced tendency towards deposits and laking.
been able to maintain its dominance in industrial refrigera- concentration (> 1,750 mg / m³). 18f).
tion technology. Also due to the environmental discussion G
ood compatibility with sealing materials, especially CR
about the greenhouse effect, the market share of ammonia Well over 90 % of ammonia refrigeration systems use elastomers.
refrigeration technology and its components is increasing so-called immiscible oils according to DIN 51503 group KAA
R
ENISO UltraCool 100 – especially suitable for heat
again today. as refrigeration oils. These oils include mineral oils, alkylb-
pumps.
enzenes and polyalphaolefins. In most refrigeration sys-
Ammonia (R717) is a colorless gas that liquefies under pres- tems, there are heat exchangers that work on the principle
sure and has a pungent odor. The gas is generated syntheti- of flooded evaporation. Over time, the oil is deposited at
cally for use in the refrigeration process, but is considered a the bottom of these devices and is either discarded or, in
natural refrigerant because it occurs in the earth's material rarer cases, transported back to the compressor. RENISO SYNTH 68
cycles. Ammonia has no ozone depletion potential (ODP = Refrigeration oils based on PAG are at least partially misci-
0) and no direct greenhouse effect (GWP = 0). Due to the ble with ammonia (DIN 51503 group KAB), but only play a Synthetic premium refrigeration oil based on high-purity Properties of RENISO SYNTH 68:
high energy efficiency, the contribution to the indirect subordinate role in practice and are only used in systems polyalphaolefins (PAO). For NH3 refrigeration systems with
greenhouse effect is low compared to other refrigerants. with dry evaporation (DX systems). heavily loaded compressors and low evaporation tempera- For significantly longer oil change and service intervals.
tures. Unsurpassed in cold flowability and thermal and
E
xtremely low evaporation losses and thus minimized oil
aging stability. RENISO SYNTH 68 can also be used as re-
consumption.
frigeration oil for R723 (dimethyl ether-ammonia mixture)
(see also page 18f). S uitable for the lowest evaporation temperatures (pour
point -57 °C).
Food grade lubricant with NSF H1 registration.
Lubricants for ammonia NH3
RENISO K series (ISO VG 32 to 100) RENISO PG 68
Naphthenic mineral oils with very good lubricity and Properties of RENISO K: Synthetic, ammonia-miscible refrigeration oil based on pol- Properties of RENISO PG 68:
low-temperature flowability (low pour points). Very good yalkylene glycol (PAG). For NH3 direct evaporation systems
material compatibility (e.g. with the elastomer types CR, Worldwide, assured availability. (see also page 20). Good ammonia miscibility.
NBR) (see also page 16ff). Due to the special PAG chemistry, please contact FUCHS
Excellent elastomer compatibility. High viscosity index (VI = 210) for reliable lubrication.
application technology before using RENISO PG 68 – espe-
Reliable wear protection. cially before refilling. Specially dried.26 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 27
Synthetic refrigeration oils
400 400
Lubricants for ammonia 100 % oil 100 % oil
applications 200
1 % R717 (99 % oil)
200
1 % R717 (99 % oil)
100 100
Kinematic viscosity [mm2/s]
Kinematic viscosity [mm2/s]
80 2 % R717 (98 % oil) 80 2 % R717 (98 % oil)
60 60
4 % R717 (96 % oil) 4 % R717 (96 % oil)
40 40
Refrigeration oil for ammonia: 6 % R717 (94 % oil) Refrigeration oil for ammonia: 6 % R717 (94 % oil)
RENISO KC 68 20 RENISO SYNTH 68 20
limiting curve limiting curve
10 10
Example: 8 Example: 8
Kinematic viscosity and vapour 6 Kinematic viscosity and vapour 6
pressure (Daniel-Plot): 4 pressure (Daniel-Plot): 4
RENISO KC 68 and ammonia R717 RENISO SYNTH 68 and ammonia R717
2 2
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Temperature [°C] Temperature [°C]
100 % R717 100 % R717
100 100
90 94 % oil 90 % oil 90 94 % oil 90 % oil
80 80
70 96 % oil 70 96 % oil
60 60
98 % oil 98 % oil
50 50
Vapour pressure [bar]
Vapour pressure [bar]
99 % oil 99 % oil
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
9 9
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Temperature [°C] Temperature [°C]
Example: 1000000 Example: 1000000 99.81 % oil
Low temperature viscosity of Low temperature viscosity of 99.54 % oil
500000 500000
RENISO KC 68 with dissolved RENISO SYNTH 68 with dissolved
100 % oil 100 % oil
ammonia R717 ammonia R717
Kinematic viscosity [mm2/s]
Kinematic viscosity [mm2/s]
99.78 % oil
100000 100000
99.57 % oil
50000 50000
10000 10000
5000 5000
1000 1000
500 500
-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
Temperature [°C] Temperatur [°C]28 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 29
Lubricants for hydrocarbon refrigerants
As natural refrigerants, hydrocarbons have a number of RENISO LPG 68
advantages over fluorinated refrigerants. Typical represent-
atives such as Propane R290, propylene R1270, isobutane For hydrocarbon refrigerants, special refrigeration oils with RENISO LPG 68 is characterized by its favorable foaming behavior during outgassing of the refrigerant.
R600a have a high thermal resistance, are chemically stable, reduced refrigerant dissolution have a clear advantage in
show good material compatibility and are relatively cheap. terms of the lubricating film thickness. RENISO LPG 68 was
Their main advantage, however, lies in the very low GWP of developed with precisely this aim in mind. Left picture:
3 to 6. This means that they are not subject to any restric- RENISO LPG 68 is based on a special synthetic polyalkylene Conventional PAG refrigeration oil:
tions in terms of use under the F-Gas Regulation. glycol (PAG) fluid. When choosing the base liquid, the focus Strong foaming.
A major disadvantage of hydrocarbons is their flammabili- was on the low hydrocarbon dissolution and thus the low-
ty, which brings with it special design requirements (explo- est possible dilution under the influence of refrigerant. The Right picture:
sion-proof design of systems), fill volume limits and, in latest additive technology ensures high aging and thermal FUCHS refrigeration oil
many cases, the need for a risk assessment for the end user. stability, reliable wear protection and a reduced tendency RENISO LPG 68:
to foam. In particular, the suppression of the foaming of oil Reduced foaming during out
When assessing the lubricant management in the hydrocar- when the pressure drops is an important criterion for relia- gassing of propane.
bon refrigeration application, there are different perspec- ble wear protection.
tives. First of all, the general and high miscibility of the
hydrocarbon refrigerants with conventionally used refriger- RENISO LPG 68 has good miscibility with hydrocarbon
ation oil types should be mentioned. Homogeneous mix- refrigerants. For this reason, with RENISO LPG 68 a safe oil
tures are formed over a wide temperature and concentra- transport and an unimpaired heat transfer in the circuit can
tion range with both mineral oil and synthetic lubricants be guaranteed.
such as PAO or POE oils. The solubility of hydrocarbons in
mineral oil is greatest (strong dilution), while that in ester RENISO LPG 68 is suitable as a refrigeration oil for all hydro-
oil is lower (smaller decrease in viscosity). There is no sepa- carbon refrigerants - including propane R290, propylene
rate oil phase here. As a result, there are generally no prob- R1270 or isobutane R600a / butane R 600.
lems with oil transport or heat transfer in the heat exchang- Both reciprocating and screw compressors are reliably lubri-
ers with these refrigeration oils. cated with RENISO LPG 68.
RENISO LPG 68 is used in refrigeration / air conditioning
A special feature of hydrocarbon refrigeration applications applications as well as in heat pumps. RENISO LPG 68 can
with regard to the oil management is the high solubility of also be recommended for the transport and compression of Properties of RENISO LPG 68:
hydrocarbons in refrigeration oils. The strong dissolution in natural gas.
the oil results in a significant dilution of the lubricant, Good miscibility with hydrocarbon refrigerants such as propane.
which can drastically reduce the load-bearing properties of
Reduced refrigerant dissolution and thus less dilution and lower viscosity loss.
the lubricating film under certain circumstances. As a result
of this dilution and the associated decrease in the thickness Favourable foaming behaviour during outgassing of the refrigerant.
of the lubricating film in the lubrication gaps, increased
Reliable wear protection.
wear in the compressor and a reduction in the compressor
service life can occur. In addition to measures in the area of High resistance to aging.
compressor design (more powerful oil heaters to evaporate
High thermal resistance.
the refrigerant component from the oil), care must be tak-
en to select a lubricant with a higher initial viscosity for use Very favourable viscosity-temperature behaviour: very high viscosity index (VI = 184): for increased lubricant film thickness.
in hydrocarbon applications
.30 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 31
Synthetic refrigeration oils
10.000
Lubricants for hydrocar-
1.000
bon refrigerants 800
600
400 100 % oil In addition to RENISO LPG 68, the following refrigeration
oils are in use successfully for hydrocarbon refrigerants for
Kinematic viscosity [mm2/s]
200
more than 10 years:
100
80 90 % oil
Refriegration oil for hydrocarbons: 60 RENISO TRITON SE/SEZ series (POE) - also for hydrocarbon
RENISO LPG 68 based on PAG 40 refrigerants
80 % oil
20
Example: Synthetic refrigeration oils based on chemically and ther-
Kinematic viscosity and vapour 10 mally extremely stable polyol esters (POE) (see page 19). Properties of RENISO TRITON SE/SEZ and
8
pressure (Daniel-Plot): 6 Their polar structure also reduces the refrigerant dissolu- RENISO SYNTH 68:
70 % oil
RENISO LPG 68 – propane R290 4 tion and thus the decrease in viscosity compared to mineral
mixture 2 oils. xcellent miscibility properties with hydrocarbon refrige-
E
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120
rants.
RENISO SYNTH 68 (PAO) - also for hydrocarbon refrigerants
Temperature [°C] High viscosity index (VI) for a stable lubricating film.
Highly pure polyalphaolefins (PAO) as base oils for very High aging and high temperature resistance.
60
critical point R290 good cold flow properties (see page 18) and a favorable
40 Reliable wear protection.
viscosity-temperature behavior (high VI). RENISO Synth 68
has been firmly established in the field of hydrocarbon
20 refrigerants for over 10 years and has very good practical
100 % R290
Vapour pressure [bar]
experience.
70 % oil
10
8 RENISO WF series (Mineral oil)
80 % oil Öl
6 %
90
4 RENISO WF refrigeration oils based on selected hydrogenat-
ed mineral oils, so-called isodewaxed base oils, with an
2 effective additive system for increased wear protection.
Low-viscosity RENISO WF oils have been used by well-
1 known manufacturers for over 20 years to increase efficien-
0,8 cy in fully hermetic R600a refrigerator compressors (see
0,6 pages 16 + 17).
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120
Temperature [°C]
Example: 100
Miscibility of RENISO LPG 68 with Phase separation
80
propane R290 (miscibility gap)
60
Temperature [°C]
40
20
Complete miscibility
0
-20
-40
Phase separation
-60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Concentration [mass % oil in R290-oil mixture]32 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 33
Synthetic refrigeration oils
Lubricants for HFO refrigerants
RENISO TRITON SE / SEZ series
The use of environmentally acceptable refrigerants – i.e. re- rent molecular structure has also thermodynamic properties The new F-gas regulation brings up challenging climate pro- measurements of RENISO TRITON SE 170 with R1234yf and
frigerants with a reduced contribution to the global warming which are making a use as refrigerant possible. But the volu- tection targets to the European refrigeration sector. Pure R1234ze(E). On request FUCHS customers can get more infor-
potential, so-called Low-GWP refrigerants (GWP = Global metric refrigerating capacity is appr. 25% below the capacity HFO substances and their blends with HFC refrigerants thus mation on solutions for HFO and HFO/HFC refrigerants by our
Warming Potential) – is becoming even more important. of R1234yf resp. R134a. will play an important role due to their low GWP values (GWP experienced application engineers.
In the meantime, with the EU regulation no. 517/2014 the = Global Warming Potential) together with natural refrig-
legal framework to reduce the impact of HFC refrigerants to Beside these pure substances mixtures of HFO refrigerants erants. The HFO/HFC blends which are meanwhile available The following table shows relevant HFO/HFC refrigerants
the worldwide greenhouse effect is given. with HFC are also offered for having efficient refrigeration commercially (or in some cases only in laboratory scale) in- which substitute the pure HFC refrigerants R134a, R404A,
media available which have a distinctly lower flammability as clude a large number of new refrigerants. Actually not all of R507, R407C and R410A. To have a better overview and
To fulfill the valid emission limits during the next years (redu- R1234yf/R1234ze(E). these gases are classified by ASHRAE. because of the amount of published refrigerants blends this is
cing step by step the emission of HFC refrigerants to 21% of only an extract of the complete product range.
the initial value until 2030) the application of refrigerants Initial promising experiences with these new HFO refrigerants The new blends are not only different with regard to their
with a high GWP value will become more and more difficult. and HFO/HFC refrigerant mixture do already exist. As refrige- climate compatibility (their GWP) but also in their flammabili-
Beside natural refrigerants like carbon dioxide, ammonia and ration oils for this substance group the new developed PAG ty properties.
hydrocarbons the use of partly fluorinated olefins, so-called oils (RENISO PAG 1234) for vehicle air conditioning systems
HFO (Hydrogenated Fluorinated Olefin) refrigerants, will and the POE based RENISO TRITION SE/SEZ oils for stationary For FUCHS as innovation leader new developments in the
increase. applications have proven to be reliable lubricants. area of refrigerants are a challenge that we strive to master:
Evaluation of miscibility behaviour, stability tests and solubili-
The refrigerant R1234yf (GWP34 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 35
Synthetic refrigeration oils
Lubricants for HFO refrigerants
HFO and HFO/HFC mixtures Alternatives for the change to low GWP refrigerants
Refrigerant GWP* Replacement for GWP* Composition Safety R134a R404A | R507A R410A
HFO / HFC refrigerant HFC group**
100
R1233zd(E) 1 R123 / R245fa 858 Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-Trifluorpropen A1
90
R1234yf36 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 37
Synthetic refrigeration oils
10 % R1234yf 10 % R1234ze(E)
1.000 1.000
Lubricants for 500 0 % R1234yf 500 0 % R1234ze(E)
300 300
HFO refrigerants 200
30 % R1234yf
200
100 100
1,25 bar
2 bar
50 50
Kinematic viscosity [mm2/s]
Kinematic viscosity [mm2/s]
1,5 bar
Refrigeration oils for HFO 30 Refrigeration oils for HFO 30
3 bar
2 bar
20 20
applications: applications:
4 bar
2,5 bar
RENISO TRITON SE 170 based on POE RENISO TRITON SE 170 based on POE
5 bar
3 bar
10 10
6 bar
4 bar
7 7
8 bar
5 bar
Example: Example:
10 bar
6 bar
5 5
Kinematic viscosity and vapour 20 % R1234yf Kinematic viscosity and vapour 20 % R1234ze(E)
12 bar
8 bar
10 bar
15 bar
pressure (Daniel-Plot): pressure (Daniel-Plot):
12 bar
3 3
RENISO TRITON SE 170-R1234yf RENISO TRITON SE 170-R1234ze(E)
20 bar
30 % R1234ze(E)
mixture mixture
25 bar
2 2
1 1
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120
Temperature [°C] Temperature [°C]
34 30
32 28
)
f
e(E
4y
30 26
E)
23
4z
yf
28
ze(
R1
23
24
34
34
26
R1
%
12
22
12
30
%
R
24
R
re
20
30
re
Vapour pressure [bar]
Vapour pressure [bar]
22
Pu
Pu
f
20 3 4y 18 )
(E
18 R12 16 4ze
16 % 23
20 14 R1
14 34 yf 12 %
R12 20 (E)
12 % 10 3 4ze
10 10 R12
8 %
8 10
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120
Temperature [°C] Temperature [°C]
120 120
Example: Example:
Phase separation
Miscibility of RENISO TRITON Miscibility of RENISO TRITON
90 90
SE 170 with R1234yf (miscibility gap) SE 170 with R1234ze(E) (miscibility
Complete miscibility Complete miscibility gap)
60 60
Temperature [°C]
Temperature [°C]
30 30
Phase separation Complete miscibility
0 0
-30 -30
Phase separation
-60 -60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Concentration [mass % oil in R1234yf-oil mixture] Concentration [mass % oil in R1234ze(E)-oil mixture]38 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 39 Synthetic refrigeration oils Lubricants for mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems with R1234yf RENISO PAG 1234 – for R1234yf Using R1234yf as successor of R134a in automotive a/c sys- operation of the a/c system. Moreover RENISO PAG 1234 tems means a lot of challenges for the refrigeration oil in can be used without any restriction in R134a a/c systems as the compressor. RENISO PAG 1234 on the basis of doub- well. le-end-capped polyalkylene glycols (PAG) is characterized by a good miscibility with R1234yf. Due to its newly Due to their comparatively polar structure PAGs absorb developed additivation RENISO PAG 1234 ensures reliable water rapidly. This means that corresponding care must be compressor lubrication and excellent wear protection. The taken when handling these products. The RENISO PAG high thermo-chemical stability of RENISO PAG 1234 in com- series of products are ultra-dried and filled into gas-tight bination with R1234yf guarantees a stable long-term containers (e.g. 250 ml cans) in nitrogen atmosphere.
40 RENISO Refrigeration Oils 41
Synthetic refrigeration oils
Challenge e-mobility RENISO TRITON SEZ 75 AC – for electrically driven R1234y A/C compressors
The development of vehicles with completely or partly elec- FUCHS is working on many projects dealing with the Hybrid and electric vehicles already have electrically driven tion of the electrical compressor parts is ensured at all
trical engines (hybrid vehicles) leads to higher requirements thermal management of modern electrical vehicles and hermetic refrigerant compressors as part of the air condi- times. In addition, the use of RENISO TRITON SEZ 75 AC in
in terms of thermal management. Besides of the passenger is already offering diverse lubricants and refrigeration oils tioning system. Because of the contact that occurs between R1234yf air conditioning systems guarantees reliable lubri-
area the battery in electrical vehicles also has to be cooled for different refrigerants and system options. the refrigerant-oil mixture and the compressor winding, it cation of the electrical compressor and perfect oil transport
or heated. Only a permanently tempered battery guaran- is important that the oil has a high insulating effect in order in the refrigeration circuit.
tees a reliable power supply and thus an optimized range of For this purpose you can directly contact our FUCHS appli- to avoid short circuits. Classical PAG-based refrigeration oils RENISO TRITON SEZ 75 AC is also suitable for use in electric
the vehicle. cation engineering. usually only have inadequate insulation properties. R134a compressors.
Because of the absence of engine heat in electrical vehicles The POE-based refrigeration oil RENISO TRITON SEZ 75 AC
the heating operation becomes clearly more important. was developed for precisely this application. Due to the
Instead of conventional electrical heating systems the usage high specific resistance of RENISO TRITON 75 AC, the insula-
of heat pump cycles is reasonable to increase efficiency and
the range of the vehicles. Specific electrical resistance 1013
of PAG oils mixed with 100 % PAG / 0 % R1234yf
R1234yf 75 % PAG / 25 % R1234yf
1012
50 % PAG / 50 % R1234yf
Specific electrical resistance [Ωm]
25 % PAG / 75 % R1234yf
1011
100 % PAG 100 % R1234yf
1010 PAG oil mixed with R1234yf: relatively
low electrical resistivity - limit value of
106 Ω∙m is (almost) reached.
100 % R1234yf
109
108
107
106
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Temperature [°C]
Specific electrical resistance 1013
100 % RENISO TRITON SEZ 75 AC 100 % SEZ 75 AC (POE) / 0 % R1234yf
of RENISO TRITON SEZ 75 AC
75 % SEZ 75 AC (POE) / 25 % R1234yf
(POE based) mixed with 1012
R1234yf 100 % R1234yf
Specific electrical resistance [Ωm]
1011
1010
100 % R1234yf
109
108
107
50 % SEZ 75 AC (POE) RENISO TRITON SEZ 75 AC mixed with R1234yf: electri-
cal resistivity stays higher compared to PAG oils
25 % SEZ 75 AC (POE) better insulation protection against short circuits.
106
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Temperature [°C]You can also read
