Register of Environmental Legislation
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Register of Environmental Legislation
Introduction This Register of Environmental Legislation has been compiled by Loughborough University’s Environment Management System Working Group. The register is a working document containing a record of current and future environmental legislation affecting the University’s environmental management and operations. The list of legislation is not exhaustive and will be reviewed periodically to ensure it is up to date. The Register of Environmental Legislation will be directly linked to Loughborough’s Environmental and Impacts Register. 2
CONTENTS 1.0 AIR 1.1 Clean Air Act and Statutory Nuisance 5 1.2 Volatile Organic Compounds 6 1.3 Climate Change Levy 6 1.4 Ozone Depleting Substances 7 1.5 Fluorinated Green House Gases 8 1.6 Carbon Reduction Commitment 9 1.7 EU Emissions Trading Scheme 10 1.8 Climate Change Act 11 2.0 CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGS 2.1 Energy Performance of Buildings 13 2.2 Town and Country Planning 14 2.3 Building Regulations 15 3.0 CONSERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY 3.1 The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 16 3.2 The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 17 3.3 The Natural Environment and Communities Act 2006 18 3.4 The Conservation Regulations 2000 (SI 192) 19 3.5 The Protection of Badgers Act 1992 19 4.0 DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES 4.1 Pesticides 20 4.2 Contaminated Land 21 4.3 Nitrate Vulnerable Zones 22 4.4 COSHH 23 4.5 Radiation and Radioactive Substances 24 4.6 Lead at Work 25 4.7 Asbestos 26 4.8 Explosive Substances 27 4.9 Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms 28 5.0 NUISANCE 5.1 Nuisance and Noise 29 6.0 WASTE 6.1 Site Waste Management Plans (SWMP) 31 6.2 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) 32 6.3 Controlled Waste 33 6.4 Hazardous Waste 35 6.5 Duty of Care 37 6.6 Waste Packaging 38 6.7 Composting 39 6.8 Batteries and Accumulators 40 7.0 WATER 7.1 Water Resources Act 1991 42 7.2 Water Act 2003 43 7.3 Water Industry Act 1991 44 3
7.4 Trade Effluent 45 7.5 Groundwater Storage 46 7.6 Oil Storage 47 8.0 FUTURE LEGISLATION 8.1 Controlled Waste Regulations 2011 48 9.0 VOLUNTARY / OTHER REQUIREMENTS 9.1 HEFCE 47 9.2 Fairtrade Foundation 47 9.3 People & Planet Green League 48 9.4 Business in The Community (BiTC) 48 9.5 North Eastern Universities Purchasing Consortium (NEUPC) 49 9.6 Workers Rights Consortium 49 Criminal Liability: Throughout this document reference is made to liability of the Statutory Maximum and various fines. The following explains the phraseology used and what it means: The prescribed sum is defined by section 32(9) of the Magistrates' Courts Act 1980. It can be altered under section 143(1) of that Act. It was previously defined by section 28(7) of the Criminal Law Act 1977. It could be altered under section 61(1) of that Act. The prescribed sum, within the meaning of the said section 32, may be referred to in legislation as the "statutory maximum". This is the maximum fine that may be imposed on summary conviction of certain offences in the United Kingdom. In England and Wales and Northern Ireland, it is now equivalent to level 5 on the standard scale, which it predates. 4
1. AIR 1.1 Clean Air Act & Statutory Nuisance The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 are in general not relevant to Loughborough, as it applies to institutions that undertake complex and potentially polluting industries (processing metals, refining, intensive agriculture), they apply for permits and are awarded them with certain conditions. However for the universities composting activities these regulations do apply and an exemption or permit is required. The EP Regulations 2010 extend the The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 which came into force in April 2008 and are subject to the following amendments The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2009 The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2009 The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2010 The Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) (Amendment) (No. 2) Regulations 2010 Loughborough is also regulated by the following: Clean Air Act 1993 • Prohibited from emitting Dark or Black smoke (Part I). • Must inform Local Authorities of proposals to install new furnaces. • Loughborough University is not in a smoke control area. • Prohibited from emitting grit or dust (Part II). Statutory Nuisance (see also Nuisance and Noise) • Covers areas prejudicial to health or a nuisance (personal discomfort or interference with the enjoyment of property). • Main areas include: smoke, fumes/gases, artificial lighting, dust, stream, smell. • Relevant legislation: Environmental Protection Act 1990 (c.43) Part III Who does this effect at Loughborough: Facilities Management, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Science Criminal Liability Clean Air Act – Any person or corporate body who fails to comply with the duty may be liable to a fine of upto £5,000 which may increase by £50 per day that the offence is continued or repeated. Env Permitting Regs 2010 – Liable to a fine of up to £50,000 or imprisonment for up to 12 months or both. Regulatory Body: Local Authority. Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff to be trained in requirements. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 24 Date added to the register: 04.02.10 Date amended: 18.07.11 5
1.2 Volatile Organic Compounds A volatile organic compound (VOC) is a compound containing carbon that evaporates easily at normal ambient temperatures. There are restrictions on the use of these compounds in particular procedures as defined in Schedule 1 of the Statutory Instrument 2004 No. 107, The Solvent Emissions (England and Wales) Regulations 2004. Thresholds of solvent consumption as stated in Schedule 1 (tonnes per year) must not be exceeded by law. Who does this effect at Loughborough: Facilities Management Criminal Liability Any person or corporate body who fails to comply with the duty may be liable to: • a fine up to the statutory maximum • if the matter goes to the Crown Court to an unlimited fine Regulatory Body: Environment Agency Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff to be trained in requirements. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 24 Date added to the register: 04.02.10 Date amended: 18.07.11 1.3 The Climate Change Levy (General) Regulations 2001 This refers to the Finance Act 2000, in particular Section 30 and Schedule 6 and 7. The Climate Change Levy (CCL) is a tax on the use of non-renewable energy by businesses and the public sector. It aims to encourage energy efficiency and reduce emissions. Loughborough has previously registered for the CCL to the Commissioners of Customs and Excise. The tax is currently included in the Universities energy bills. The Taxable rates are detailed on the table below. Exempt commodities include: • Good quality CHP systems (based on CHPQA) • Energy from renewable sources • The transport sector Who does this effect at Loughborough: Facilities Management and Finance Criminal Liability Failure to comply with a requirement imposed as part of the provisions of the regulations shall be liable to a fine of £250 for each such failure. Regulatory Body: Customs and Excise Current Compliance Statement: Energy Manager aware of tax. 6
Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 6,7,8,9,13 Date added to the register: 04.02.10 Date amended: 18.07.11 Taxable commodity Rate Rate 1 Apr 2011 - 31 1Apr 2012 - 31 Mar 2012 Mar 2013 Electricity 0.485 pence per 0.509 pence per kilowatt hour kilowatt hour Gas supplied in Great Britain by a gas utility or any gas supplied 0.169 pence per 0.177 pence per in a gaseous state that is of a kind supplied by a gas utility kilowatt hour kilowatt hour Gas supplied by a gas utility to a person who intends to cause 0.059 pence per 0.062 pence per the gas to be burned in Northern Ireland kilowatt hour kilowatt hour Any petroleum gas, or other gaseous hydrocarbon, supplied in a 1.083 pence per 1.137 pence per liquid state kilogram kilogram Any other taxable commodity 1.321 pence per 1.387 pence per kilogram kilogram 1.4 Ozone-Depleting Substances These are controlled by numerous pieces of legislation. See link http://www.netregs.gov.uk/netregs/63183.aspx In summary they are: • The Environmental Protection (Controls on Ozone-Depleting Substances) Regulations 2011 Replaces the Environmental Protection (Controls on Ozone-Depleting Substances) Regulations 2002 (as amended), and enforces the provisions of EC Regulation 1005/2009. • EC regulation on ozone-depleting substances 1005/2009. Allows governments to impose new requirements on handling, use, import, export, recovery, recycling, reclaiming, destruction and trading of listed substances. Sets out plans to phase out production, trade and use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons. • EC Regulation 744/2010 amending EC Regulation 1005/2009 on ozone-depleting substances. Bans the use of halons in firefighting equipment except for military and aviation uses. Who does this effect at Loughborough University Purchasing, Facilities Management and Resources, H&S Criminal Liability Any person or corporate body who fails to comply with the duty may be liable to: • a fine up to the statutory maximum • if the matter goes to the Crown Court to an unlimited fine Regulatory Body: Local Authority 7
Current Compliance Statement: Relevant departments to be made aware of regulation. Substances being progressively phased out (halon fire extinguishers already completed, fridges disposed of by competent authorities). Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 24 Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: 18.07.11 1.5 Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases These are controlled by numerous pieces of legislation. See link http://www.netregs.gov.uk/netregs/63183.aspx In summary they are: • European Community (EC) Regulation on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases 842/2006. Aims to reduce emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases through measures for their containment, use, recovery and destruction. Find the EC F-gases Regulation on the Europa website. • EC Regulation establishing standard leakage checking requirements for stationary o fire protection systems containing certain fluorinated greenhouse gases 1497/2007. Find EC Regulation 1497/2007 on the Europa website. o refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump equipment containing certain fluorinated greenhouse gases 1516/2007. Find EC Regulation 1516/2007 on the Europa website. • The Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases Regulations 2009. Replaces and amends the Fluorinated Greenhouse Gas Regulations 2008. Creates offences and penalties for not complying with recovery of F-gases legislation, labelling, qualifications and certificates required to work with products or equipment containing them. In this section of legislation Loughborough University is classified as an End User. The University should be particularly concerned with two sources of ‘F-Gases’: • Stationary refrigeration (e.g cold stores), air conditioning and heat pumps (RAC) • Fire Protection (including fixed systems and portable extinguishers). The generic obligations regarding these are: • Take steps to prevent F-gas leakage and repair leakages as soon as possible. • Regularly check for leakages. • Fit auto leak detection systems on large systems (>300kg). • Keep certain records about known F-gas locations. • Recover F gases during servicing, maintenance and end of life. • Use appropriate qualified personnel to carry out installation, servicing, maintenance and leakage checking. • Label new equipment adjacent to service point and instruction manuals. • Placing on the market non-refillable containers used to service equipment is banned. NB – there are minor differences in the obligations for RACs and Fire Protection equipment. Refer to Defra website for detail: http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/quality/air/fgas/index.htm Who does this effect at Loughborough University: Facilities Management, Human Resources, Engineering Faculty and department, Health and Safety. Criminal Liability 8
Any person or corporate body who fails to comply with the duty may be liable to: • a fine up to the statutory maximum • if the matter goes to the Crown Court to an unlimited fine Regulatory Body: Environment Agency Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff to be trained in requirements. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 13,14,17,18 Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: 18.07.11 1.6 Carbon Reduction Commitment Part of the Climate Change Act 2008 and supported by • The Climate Change Act 2008 (2020 Target, Credit Limit and Definitions) Order 2009 • The Climate Change Act 2008 (Credit Limit) Order 2011 Basic Timeline for LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY involvement: • 2008 determine total half-hourly annual electricity consumption • April-September 2010 LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY must register on scheme • April 2010 to April 2011 – Footprint year • April 2010 onwards – trading of emissions credits begins. For more details and updates visit the Defra website: http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climate/ Who does this effect at Loughborough University: Facilities Management, Finance. Criminal Liability N/A Regulatory Body: N/A Current Compliance Statement: Chief Operating Officer and Energy Manager are aware of CRC. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: 18.08.11 9
1.7 EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EUETS) st st Phase 2: 1 January 2008 – 31 December 2012 st st Phase 3: 1 January 2013 – 31 December 2020 Part of the EUETS Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emissions allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC(b) and amended as Directive 2004/101/EC. UK Regulations The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme Regulations (SI 2005 No. 925 as amended by SI 2005 No. 2903, SI 2006 No 737, SI 2007 No. 465 and SI 2007 No. 3433) UK Regulators The Environment Agency Timeline for LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY involvement. Annual Reporting Requirements: • st 1 January – Start of monitoring period. • st 31 March – Submit verified annual emissions. • st 1 April – Enter Verified Emissions into Registry. • th 30 April – Surrender Allowances from Registry. • th 30 June – Submit Improvement Report. • August – Commission Annual Verifier. • December – Produce Annual Emissions Report. • st 31 December – End of Monitoring period. For more details and updates visit The Environment Agency website: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/pollution/140990.aspx Who does this effect at Loughborough University: Facilities Management, Finance. Criminal Liability N/A Regulatory Body: N/A Current Compliance Statement: Chief Operating Officer and Energy Manager and Finance Manager are aware of EUETS. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers Date added to the register: 29.11.12 Date amended: 29.11.12 10
1.8 Climate Change Act 2008 Supported by • The Climate Change Act 2008 (2020 Target, Credit Limit and Definitions) Order 2009 • The Climate Change Act 2008 (Credit Limit) Order 2011 The Act sets up a framework for the UK to achieve its long-term goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and to ensure steps are taken towards adapting to the impact of climate change. Its main elements are as follows: Setting emissions reduction targets in statute and carbon budgeting. The Act establishes an economically credible emissions reduction pathway to 2050 and beyond by putting into statute medium and long-term targets. In addition, the Act introduces a system of carbon budgeting which constrains the total amount of emissions in a given time period. Carbon budget periods will last five years, beginning with the period 2008–2012, and must be set three periods ahead. The Secretary of State is required to give indicative ranges for the net UK carbon account in each year of a budgetary period, to set a limit on use that can be made of international carbon credits in each budgetary period and to develop and report on his proposals and policies for meeting carbon budgets. A new reporting framework. The Act provides for a system of annual reporting by the Government on the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions. The new Committee on Climate Change will have a specific role in reporting annually on progress, with the Government required to lay before Parliament a response to this progress report. The creation of an independent advisory body. The Act creates a new independent body, “the Committee on Climate Change”, to advise the Government and devolved administrations on how to reduce emissions over time and across the economy and, on request, on any other matter relating to climate change, including adaptation to climate change. This expert body will advise on the optimum trajectory to 2050, the level of carbon budgets, and on how much effort should be made by the part of the economy covered by trading schemes and by the rest of the economy, as well as reporting on progress. Trading scheme powers. The Act includes powers to enable the Government and the devolved administrations to introduce new domestic trading schemes to reduce emissions through secondary legislation. This increases the policy options which the Government could use to meet the medium and long-term targets in the Act. Adaptation. The Act sets out a procedure for assessing the risks of the impact of climate change for the UK, and a requirement on the Government to develop an adaptation programme on matters for which it is responsible. The programme must contribute to sustainable development. The Act also gives powers to direct other bodies to prepare risk analyses and programmes of action, and advisory and progress- reporting functions to the Committee on Climate Change. Policy measures which reduce emissions. The Act will be used to support emissions reductions through several specific policy measures: amendments to improve the operation of the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligations; a power to introduce charges for single use carrier bags; a power to pilot local authority incentive schemes to encourage household waste minimisation and recycling; amendments relating to the Certified Emissions Reductions Scheme; powers and duties relating to the 11
reporting of emissions by companies and other persons; a duty to make annual reports on the efficiency and contribution to sustainability of buildings on the civil estate. For more details and updates visit the Defra website: http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climate/ Who does this effect at Loughborough University: Facilities Management, Finance. Criminal Liability N/A Regulatory Body: N/A Current Compliance Statement: Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers Date added to the register: 18.08.11 Date amended: 12
2. CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGS 2.1 The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 These Regulations implement in England and Wales Articles 7, 9 and 10 of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2003. Their effect is to require— (a) energy performance certificates (“EPCs”) and recommendations for improvement of the energy performance of the building to be produced when buildings are constructed, sold or rented out; (b) display energy certificates (“DECs”) to be displayed in larger buildings occupied by public authorities and by institutions providing public services to a large number of persons and therefore frequently visited by those persons, and the production of advisory reports with recommendations for improvement of the energy performance of the building; (c) air-conditioning systems to be inspected at regular intervals not exceeding 5 years; and All systems over 250 kW should have occurred by 4 January 2009 with the remainder over 12 kW by 4 January 2011. An advisory report will be provided following inspections. (d) energy assessors producing the certificates or carrying out the inspections to be accredited. AMENDED BY: The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2009 which relates to the disclosure of EPC’s and DEC’s. The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2010 which relates to the requirement for an EPC under S5A of the Housing Act 2004. Full details can be found at: http://www.communities.gov.uk/planningandbuilding/theenvironment/energyperformance/publiccommerc ialbuildings/displayenergycertificates/ Who does this effect at Loughborough University Estates and Resources (both as building managers/maintainers and utilities). Criminal Liability • Penalty charge of £500 for failure to display a DEC where required. • Penalty charge of £1000 for failure to possess or have in their control a valid advisory report. • Penalty charge of £300 for non-compliance of inspection of an air conditioning system. Regulatory Body: Local Authority, enforced by Office of Trading Standards Current Compliance Statement: Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 17 Date added to the register: 03.03.10 Date amended: 18.07.11 13
2.2 The Town & Country Planning (Environmental Impact Regulations) As laid down by: • The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (England and Wales) Regulations 1999 • The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (England and Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2000 • The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Amendment) Regulations 2006 • The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Mineral Permissions and Amendment) (England) Regulations 2008 • The Town and Country Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2008 These Regulations implement Article 3 of Directive 2003/35/EC, which amends the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (85/337/EEC as amended by 97/11/EC) (“the EIA Directive”). The Regulations also apply the requirements of the EIA Directive to local development orders made under section 61A of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. Local development orders were introduced by section 40 of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004. Any Project undertaken by Loughborough University that has the potential to have a negative environmental impact must have an EIA undertaken if stipulated as necessary by the Local Authority for Planning Permission to be granted. At Loughborough University for the majority of major Projects an environmental assessment is performed as standard regardless of whether an EIA is stipulated for Planning. This is however on a Project specific basis. Who does this effect at Loughborough University: Facilities Management Department and any Schools/Departments undertaking work requiring planning permission. Criminal Liability Planning will be declined if one is not produced as required or if findings show the environmental effects to be sensitive with maximum mitigation. Regulatory Body: Local Authority Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff to be trained in requirements. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 14,17,21 Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: 18.07.11 14
2.3 Building Regulations The Building Regulations 2010 consolidate the Building Regulations 2000 (S.I. 2000/2531) and subsequent amending Regulations, and The Building (Approved Inspectors etc.) Regulations 2010 consolidate the Building (Approved Inspectors etc.) Regulations 2000 (S.I. 2000/2532) and subsequent amendments. These are two separate but related consolidations and are pursuant of the Building Act 1984 In addition, most of the new or extended schemes are in areas such as the installation of microgeneration and renewable technologies, the replacement of windows and doors in dwellings, the replacement of roof coverings and the installation of cavity wall insulation and so will help to support the Government’s commitment to improving energy efficiency in buildings. Building regulations apply to building works the definition of which is documented in Part 2 Section 3 of the regulations. The Regulations impact on the environment through: • Part A – Ensuring that the effects of wind are managed • Part B – Preventing fire • Part C – Considering ground contamination • Part D – Managing the use of potentially toxic substances • Part E – Management of noise • Part F – Ensuring adequate ventilation • Part G – Sanitation and water usage • Part H – Drainage and Waste disposal • Part J – Combustion appliances and fuel storage • Part L – Conservation of Fuel and Power Who does this effect at Loughborough University: Facilities Management Department and any Schools/Departments undertaking work falling within the definition detailed in the regulations. Criminal Liability Under the Building Act 1984 – If a person contravenes any provision contained in the building regulations, other than a provision designated in the regulations as one to which this section (35) does not apply, he is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale and to a further fine not exceeding £50 for each day on which the default continues after he is convicted. Additionally the building works can be ordered to be removed or altered as per section 36 of the Act. Regulatory Body: Local Authority Current Compliance Statement: Facilities Management staff are aware, departmental staff may be less aware and awareness training may be required Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 14,17,21 Date added to the register 18.07.11 Date amended: 18.07.11 15
3. CONSERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY 3.1 The Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 This Act prohibits certain methods of killing, removing or affecting wild animals, amends the laws on the protection of mammals, restricts the introduction of certain designated animals and plants (those deemed invasive) and deals with natural habitats, nature conservation, the countryside and National Parks. Licences need to be obtained to for to allow certain prohibited activities to occur. It also makes provisions regarding the Countryside Commission and Public Rights of Way. The Wildlife & Countryside Act 2004 Regulations (SI 1487) • This provides specific reference to Great Crested Newts (GCNs), covered by Schedule 5, and prohibits any activity detrimental to GCNs with licences required for there relocation etc. • Part 3: Public Rights Of Way – this looks at public rights of way, specifically byways, bridleways and footpaths, providing details for their classification under definitive maps and statements. For Loughborough this means that any public footpath passing within Loughborough’s boundary remains accessible to the public. Amendments Under The Countryside & Rights Of Way Act 2000 • Provisions are made which enable conservation agencies to impose permanent restrictions preventing damaging operations on Sites Of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). Conservation agencies now have the power to secure the management of a SSSI and procedures put in place for notification and de-notification of SSSIs. • Conservation agencies’ powers are increased with regard to the entry to land and compulsory purchase and there are increased penalties to damage to SSSIs, as well as a new power for conservation agencies to make bylaws to protect SSSIs. The Conservation (Natural Habitats &c) (Amendment) Regulations 2007 (SI 1843) • Provisions are made for the conservation of natural habitats, wildlife, flora and fauna. • Provisions are made for increased measures to protect and conserve natural habitats and wild animals. N.B: Loughborough land does not have any SSSIs at present. For further details on requirements related to these and other nature designations please refer to the actual Act. The woodlands are registered in the Leicestershire Inventory of Ancient Woodland. Specifically for Loughborough this means that: • Onsite wildlife and their habitats need to be monitored and disruption avoided. • Any rights of way must be well signed, safe and accessible to the public. Further information can be found at: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-1377 and http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2004/20041487.htm Who does this effect at Loughborough: Facilities Management and any Schools/Departments undertaking studies on campus biodiversity Criminal Liability Any statutory undertaker guilty of an offence are liable on summary conviction to a fine of up to £20,000, and on conviction on indictment to a fine or custodial sentence (up to 6 months for handling, damaging or killing a GCN). 16
Regulatory Body: Environment Agency, Local authority, Natural England and Secretary of state Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff to be trained in requirements. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 21 Date added to the register: 04.02.10 Date amended: 3.2 The Countryside & Rights Of Way Act 2000 This Act saliently aims to improve public access to the open countryside whilst recognising the interests of owners and managers. It amends the laws currently related to rights of way and nature conservation and provides a basis for the conservation of biodiversity and better management of Sites of special Scientific Interest and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs). The Act is split into the following four parts: • Part One: Access To The Countryside • Part Two: Public Rights Of Way And Road Traffic • Part Three: Nature Conservation & Wildlife Enforcement • Part Four: Areas Of Outstanding Natural Beauty Part Two: Public Rights Of Way And Road Traffic • This is designed to reform and improve rights of way (ROW) in England and Wales with the following measures introduced: • Clear signage and safe passage over land with containing a public ROW is required. • New rights are given to landowners and occupiers so they can apply to local authorities for an order to divert or remove a footpath or bridleway over their land. Similar rights are also given to schools and ROW can be diverted for security reasons and for crime prevention. • Occupiers of any land can temporarily divert a footpath or bridleway which passes over land where works are to be carried out which poses dangers to users. Further information can be found at: http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2000/ukpga_20000037_en_1 and http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-1378 Who does this effect at Loughborough: Facilities Management and land managers. Criminal Liability Prosecution for non-compliance and possible fines can be enforced for guilty offenders. Regulatory Body: Local Authority Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff to be trained in requirements. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 21 Date added to the register: 04.02.10 Date amended: 17
3.3 Natural Environment & Communities Act 2006 This Act recognises the key role Local Authorities have to play in the conservation of biodiversity and formalises it under Section 40 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006. Conserving biodiversity includes, in relation to a living organism or type of habitat, restoring or enhancing a population or habitat. Specifically for Loughborough this means: • Monitoring wildlife on site and ensuring habitats are not disrupted. • Ensuring pesticides are used for approved purposes only and are not used against protected wildlife, with any used recorded. Further information can be found at: http://www.defra.gov.uk/rural/ruraldelivery/bill/ and http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2006/20062541.htm Who does this effect at Loughborough: Facilities Management and land managers. Criminal Liability Prosecution for non-compliance and possible fines or imprisonment can be enforced for guilty offenders. Regulatory Body: Local Authority Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff to be trained in requirements. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 21 Date added to the register: 04.02.10 Date amended: 18
3.4 The Conservation Regulations 2000 (SI 192) Regulation 39 relates specifically to Great Crested Newts and stipulates that their habitats and populations are not disturbed, damaged or removed. Licences must be sought for any interference and if planning permission is sought for the premises in question any population present must be mentioned. Further information can be found at: http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2000/20000192.htm Who does this effect at Loughborough: Facilities Management and land managers. Criminal Liability Prosecution for non-compliance and possible fines or imprisonment can be enforced for guilty offenders. Regulatory Body: Local Authority Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff to be trained in requirements. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 21 Date added to the register: 04.02.10 Date amended: 3.5 Protection Of Badgers Act 1992 Badger setts are known to be present on the Loughborough Campus and in particular at the Wesdt End of site in and around the woodlands. This Act ensures that badgers and their setts are not harmed or disrupted with licences required for the purpose of study, monitoring and marking and all other possible disturbances. Further information can be found at: http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/acts1992/ukpga_19920051_en_1 Who does this effect at Loughborough: Facilities Management and land managers. Criminal Liability Prosecution for non-compliance and possible fines or imprisonment can be enforced for guilty offenders. Regulatory Body: Local Authority Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff to be trained in requirements. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 21 Date added to the register: 04.02.10 Date amended: 19
4. Dangerous Substances 4.1 Pesticides Pesticides and biocides are biologically active products designed to control pests, weeds, insects, mammals, fungi and diseases). Regulations are in place to protect the supply of food and its quality. There are many restrictions on the manufacture, sales and transport of pesticides but these are not applicable to Loughborough University As an employer the University has duties to comply with: • Provisions on the sale supply and storage of pesticides consent covering: training of employees and precautions to protect health and the environment. • Ensuring the Health and Safety at Work, etc Act 1974 and the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002 (COSHH) are followed. • Classification (Hazardous Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002 (CHIP). • Ensuring employees adhere to instructions concerning the use and disposal of chemicals. The Food and Environment Protection Act 1985 (FEPA) aims to protect the health of humans, animals and plants, safeguard the environment and to secure safe, efficient and humane methods of controlling pests. The University should only use products which have full approval (The Control of Pesticide Regulations 1986) (COPR), it should take all reasonable precautions to protect human beings, creatures, plants and the environment whilst avoiding water pollution in particular. Schedule 2, Regulation 6(b) are key to our duties under pesticide regulations and relate to the storage of pesticides and training of staff as follows: 2. – (1) Any person who sells, supplies or stores a pesticide shall – (a) take all reasonable precautions, particularly with regard to storage and transport, to protect the health of human beings, creatures and plants, safeguard the environment and in particular avoid the pollution of water; and (b) be competent for the duties which that person is called upon to perform. And with regard to the use of pesticides: 3. No person in the course of a business or employment shall use a pesticide, or give an instruction to others on the use of a pesticide, unless that person - (a) has received adequate instruction, training and guidance in the safe, efficient and humane use of pesticides, and (b) is competent for the duties which that person is called upon to perform. 4. Any person who uses a pesticide shall confine the application of that pesticide to the land, crop, structure, material or other area intended to be treated. Anyone who uses a knapsack sprayer to apply pesticides must hold the NPTC city and guilds certificate PA 06. For more general information about the use of pesticides please see : http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?itemId=1086779938&r.i=1086806329&r.l1=107 9068363&r.l2=1086048482&r.l3=1086778448&r.s=sc&r.t=RESOURCES&type=RESOURCES Who does this effect at Loughborough University: Facilities Management – Grounds and Maintenance. Criminal Liability Any person who commits an offence under these Regulations is liable on summary conviction to a fine of up to the statutory maximum and on conviction on indictment, to an unlimited fine. 20
Regulatory Body: Defra Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff training occurs in appropriate departments. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 21 Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: 01/12/11 4.2 Contaminated Land The purpose of the contaminated land regime is to identify land that, because of the presence of contaminants, presents in its existing use a significant threat to human health, property or the natural environment. The regime has specific criteria for classifying land as contaminated — the clean-up of other derelict and brownfield sites for redevelopment is dealt with under the planning system. The provisions for the contaminated land regime are contained in Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1990 (which was inserted by the Environment Act 1995) and the Contaminated Land (England) Regulations 2006. Once a local authority or the environment agency classify land as contaminated the polluter is responsible for remediation (can be done voluntary or through a remediation notice). The University must prevent the creation of contaminated land. Possible sources of contamination may be: • Leakage • Accidental spillage • Uncontrolled waste disposal • Release of hazardous substances during poorly managed demolition or redevelopment • Deposition of airborne substances • Inappropriate application of substances to land • Flooding events Who does this effect at Loughborough University: Facilities Management. Criminal Liability Potential civil liability for damage resulting from migrating pollution. Potential criminal liability for offences resulting from migrating pollution. Regulatory Body: Local Authorities & Environment Agency Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff to be trained in requirements. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: (Reviewed 1/12/11 – Not amened) 21
4.3 Nitrate Vulnerable Zones The Nitrate Pollution Prevention Regulations 2008 have been introduced to implement the European Communities Nitrates Directive and to reduce nitrogen losses from agriculture to water. They designate areas where nitrate pollution is a problem, known as Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs), and set rules for certain farming practices which must be followed within these zones. The NVZ rules will commence on 1st January 2009 and are detailed here: http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/layer?topicId=1083659199 In summary the NVZ rules cover: • Storage of organic manures • Limits to livestock manure N on farm • Planning Nitrogen use in each field • Limits of N for each crop • Closed spreading periods for organic manures • Limits of organic manure N in fields • Closed spreading periods for manufactured fertiliser • Keeping N out of surface waters • Field application techniques Who does this effect at Loughborough University: Facilities Management – Grounds and Maintenance. . Criminal Liability If found guilty of an offence under the regulations, the offender will be fined. Regulatory Body: Defra Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff to be trained in requirements. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: 1/12/11 22
4.4 COSHH The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (as amended) is designed to protect employees and others from exposure to chemicals (or other hazardous substances) which may put people’s health at risk. COSHH also provides a valuable contribution to prevent environment impact (spillages etc) through the use of best practice. To comply with COSHH the University must follow these eight steps: • Assess the risks • Decide what precautions are needed • Prevent or adequately control exposure • Ensure that control measures are used and maintained • Monitor exposure • Carry out appropriate health surveillance • Prepare plans and procedures to deal with the accidents, incidents and emergencies • Ensure that employees are properly informed, trained and supervised Further details on COSHH requirements and these steps can be found at: http://www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/ COSHH Policy is predominantly managed by Loughborough’s Health and Safety team. Loughborough University’s COSHH policy is available from the University website http://www.lboro.ac.uk/admin/hse/policies/specific-policies.html. For further queries about the COSHH legislation please contact a member of the Health and Safety team. NB The information given to customers about hazardous substances in labels and in datasheets is covered by other regulations. Please see the HSE website for further information: http://www.hse.gov.uk/coshh/detail/substances.htm. Who does this effect at Loughborough University Every School and Support Service Criminal Liability Unlimited fine (Crown Court) £5,000 per breach of a regulation (Magistrates Court) Regulatory Body: Health and Safety Executive Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff aware of legislation. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 1 Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: 1/12/11 23
4.5 Radiation Ionising radiation occurs as either electromagnetic rays (X-rays, gamma rays) or particles (alpha or beta particles). There are two sources; natural (e.g. radioactive decay) or artificial generation. Exposure, causing significant health problems, can be external (e.g. X-ray) or internal (e.g. inhaling or ingesting radioactive substances. 4.5.1 The Ionising Radiation Regulations 1999 (Statutory Instrument 1999 No. 3232.) apply to workspaces where radioactive substances and electrical equipment emitting ionising radiation are used. Under the regulations the University must keep exposure to ionising radiation as low as is reasonably practicable. Exposures must not exceed specified dose limits. Exposure restriction should be achieved by engineering control and design features. If not reasonably practicable employees should introduce safe work systems and then rely on personal protective equipment as a last resort. This legislation is controlled by the Health and Safety Executive and is managed by the Radiation Protection Officer within the Health and Safety team at Loughborough. Radiation will become an environmental issue if radioactive substances are purposefully or accidentally released. For more information on Loughborough University’s radiation controls please contact the Radiation Protection Officer or a member of the Health and Safety team. 4.5.2 The Environmental Permitting Regulations 2010 (+ Exemption Orders Amendments 2011) Under these regulations the University must comply with permits that set out how much radioactive material we are able to hold and in what way radioactive substances can be disposed of as waste. This legislation is enforced by the Environment Agency and is managed by the Radiation Protection Officer within the Health and Safety Office Further information on these legal requirements can be found here: • http://www.hse.gov.uk/radiation/ionising/ • http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/sectors/39773.aspx Please contact the Radiation Protection Officer, Julie Turner, for further information. Who does this effect at Loughborough: Health and Safety, Facilities Management , Various department with sealed radioactive sources used for research Criminal Liability Unlimited fine (Crown Court) Imprisonment (up to 6 months) Regulatory Body: Health and Safety Executive Environment Agency Current Compliance Statement: Radiation Protection Supervisors trained in every pertinent department Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: 1/12/11 24
4.6 Lead at Work The Control of Lead at Work Regulations 2002 (Statutory Instrument 2002 No. 2676) are designed to protect workers and others from exposure to lead. Before an employer exposes any employee to lead, he must carry out an assessment of the risk created by the work. If the exposure of employees is likely to be significant, employers must prevent or control exposure to lead, prevent eating, drinking and smoking in any place likely to be contaminated by lead, maintain control measures, monitor concentrations of lead in the air and ensure that employees likely to be exposed to significant levels of lead are under medical surveillance. When blood-lead concentrations exceed action levels, the employer must take action to reduce the blood-lead concentration. When suspension levels are exceeded, the employee must be suspended. Further details can be found here: http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2002/20022676.htm http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg305.pdf http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l132.pdf This legislation is controlled by the Health and Safety Executive and is managed by the Health and Safety team at Loughborough. For more information on Loughborough’s Lead at Work procedures please contact a member of the Health and Safety team. Who does this effect at Loughborough University: Facilities Management – repair and maintenance where lead based material may be present Academic departments using lead based products or laboratory chemicals Criminal Liability Penalties in accordance with Schedule 3A of the Health and Safety Offences Act 2008: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/20/schedule/1 Regulatory Body: Health and Safety Executive Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff aware of legislation. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: 1/12/11 25
4.7 Asbestos The University, as an employer, has a Duty to Manage Asbestos to ensure that its employees and customers (and general public) are not exposed to asbestos under the Control of Asbestos Regulations 2006. The Regulations also prohibit the importation, supply and use of all forms of asbestos. The employer has a duty to find out which buildings contain asbestos, what condition it is in and whether it poses a risk to employees. The owner of the property is responsible for ensuring the safety of the building and removal of any asbestos that is a risk. Any work to repair or remove asbestos may only be carried out by companies licensed to do so by the Health and Safety Executive. Work is only exempt from licensing if: • the exposure of employees to asbestos fibres is sporadic and of low intensity • it is clear from the risk assessment that the exposure of any employee to asbestos will not exceed the control limit (see HSE guidance for more information). Asbestos is classed as Hazardous Waste. All asbestos waste must be disposed of at a licensed waste disposal site and carried by a licensed carrier as stated in the Hazardous Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2005. More information on the Control of Asbestos regulations can be found here http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2006/20062739.htm This legislation is controlled by the Health and Safety Executive and is managed by the Health and Safety team in Loughborough University. For more information on Asbestos procedures at Loughborough University please contact Catherine Moore (HS and E) or James Stapleton (Facilities Management.) Who does this effect at Loughborough University: Health and Safety, Facilities Management. Criminal Liability Penalties in accordance with Schedule 3A of the Health and Safety Offences Act 2008: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/20/schedule/1 Regulatory Body: Health and Safety Executive, Environment Agency and Charnwood Borough Council – for waste control and fly-tipping Current Compliance Statement: Facilities Management produce and manage the Asbestos Register on behalf of the University. Please contact David Clews Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 1,17 Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: 1/12/11 26
4.8 Explosive Substances Dangerous substances are any substances used or present at work that could, if not properly controlled, cause harm to people as a result of a fire or explosion. They include such things as solvents, paints, varnishes, flammable gases, dusts from machining and sanding operations and dusts from foodstuffs. The Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 (DSEAR) puts duties on employers and the self-employed to protect people from risks to their safety from fires, explosions and similar events in the workplace, this includes members of the public who may be put at risk by work activity. The employers must put in control measures to either eliminate/control the risk of fire and explosions or to control/mitigate the effects of any incidents involving dangerous substances. Plans and procedures must be put in place to deal with incidents and affected employees must be informed of and trained to control or deal with the risks. Dangerous substances include: • substances or mixtures of substances classified as explosive, oxidising, extremely flammable, highly flammable, or flammable under the current CHIP Regulations. Many dangerous substances are listed in the Approved Supply List – Information approved for the classification and labelling of substances dangerous for supply (part of the CHIP package). • any kind of dust that when spread in air to form a cloud (ie form an explosive atmosphere), can explode. • any other substances, or mixtures of substances, which because of their physical properties and the way in which they are present in the workplace create a risk to safety from fires and explosions, but which may not be covered by CHIP. For example high flashpoint liquids present in the workplace at elevated temperatures. For more information go to http://www.hse.gov.uk/fireandexplosion/dsear.htm The Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 2002 SI 2002 No 1689 or CHIP Regulations deal with the marketing of dangerous substances (e.g. mercury or sulphuric acid) and preparations (e.g. mixtures of substances such as paints and inks). The regulations require suppliers of chemicals to decide whether they are dangerous and in what way (e.g. corrosive, flammable, irritant etc), and then provide information to their customers in the form of warning labels and safety data sheets. The chemicals must also be packaged properly. PLEASE NOTE THAT THE CHIP REGULATIONS ARE GRADUALLY BEING REPLACED BY THE CLASSIFICATION LABELLING AND PACKAGING REGULATIONS (Phased in until June 2015) - For further information on Explosive Substances please contact a member of the Health and Safety Team. Licensing /Registration and Certification of Explosive materials Not surprisingly there are strictly enforced rules around manufacture, storage and use of explosive material - see http://www.hse.gov.uk/explosives/licensing/index.htm for information on the regulatory procedures. Who does this effect at Loughborough University: Health and Safety, Facilities Management, all departments using substances which may create explosive atmospheres Criminal Liability Penalties in accordance with Schedule 3A of the Health and Safety Offences Act 2008: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/20/schedule/1 27
Regulatory Body: Health and Safety Executive Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff to be trained in requirements. Audit undertaken February 2010 Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: 1/12/11 4.9 Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms The Genetically Modified Organisms (Contained Use) Regulations 2000 (amended 2002, 2005 and 2010) applies to the use of GMOs in the workplace and to provide for human health and safety and environmental protection from genetically modified micro-organisms, plants and animals in contained use. These regulations are controlled by the Health and Safety Executive. The key requirement of the GMO (CU) Regulations is to assess the risks of all activities and to make sure that any necessary controls are put in place. The GMO (CU) Regulations provide a framework for making these judgments, and place clear legal obligations on people who work with GMOs. Notification to the Competent Authority (HSE) of all premises where genetic modification is to take place is required, as is prior notification of certain higher risk activities; consents are required for the highest risk activities. For more information go to: • http://www.hse.gov.uk/biosafety/gmo/law.htm The Genetically Modified Organisms (Deliberate Release) Regulations 2002, controlled by DEFRA, regulate the deliberate release of GMOs into the environment. They support the EU Directive 2001/18/EC which states that GMOs must be approved on safety grounds before they can be released into the environment anywhere in the EU. Any GMO that is approved and released into the Environment will be closely monitored so if any new risks come to light the regulators can amend or revoke their consent. For more information go to: • http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/quality/gm/index.htm • http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2000/20002831.htm Who does this effect at Loughborough University: Centre for Biological engineering, Criminal Liability Penalties in accordance with Scehdule 3A of the Health and Safety Officences Act 2008: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/20/schedule/1 Regulatory Body: Health and Safety Executive and DEFRA Current Compliance Statement: Relevant staff aware of legislation. University Biological Safety Policy – see website 28
Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: 1/12/11 29
5. NUISANCE & NOISE 5.1 Nuisance Nuisance can be described as causing discomfort by one person or entity to another. There are four main types of nuisance: 1. Private Nuisance This type is where a civil wrong (a “tort”) has been committed which gives rise to civil liability (when a landowner interferes with another’s use, enjoyment or right to use their land). Remedies could be abatement of the nuisance (stopping it out of court), court injunction (ordering the nuisance to be abated) or/and damages payment. 2. Public Nuisance A criminal offence. Defined as an inconvenient or troublesome offence which annoys the community in general rather than individuals. Local Authorities (LA) usually prosecute the party causing the nuisance. Following trial in either magistrates or crown court a guilty offender can face unlimited fines and imprisonment. 3. Statutory Nuisance As defined under Part III of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 this nuisance type covers more specific areas of nuisance. For example; vermin, dust, smells, rubbish, animals and noise. Abatement notices can be issued by LA as detailed in Part III (EPA 1990), if the LA fails to act abatements can be issued by individuals through a magistrates’ court. 4. Other Categories of Nuisance Nuisance in its broadest sense also encompasses many other obligations not to interfere with others’ use of land. Some are statutory, others common law, some arise contractually, from the restrictive covenants registered against land or in leases or restrictions in planning permissions. The University has a responsibility not to commit nuisance offences. The University must respect our neighbour’s right to enjoy their land and follow best environmental management practice at all times to achieve this. Key legislation: Environment Act 1995 Environmental Protection Act 1990 Noise and Statutory Nuisance Act 1993 Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 Environmental Protection Act 1990 Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005 The Statutory Nuisances (Artificial Lighting) (Designation of Relevant Sports) (England) Order 2006 The Statutory Nuisance (Appeals) (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2006 The Statutory Nuisance (Appeals) Regulations 1995 The Statutory Nuisance (Appeals) (Amendment) Regulations 1990 The Statutory Nuisance (Appeals) Regulations 1990 Who does this effect at Loughborough University Music events, sporting events, Facilities Management, Departments with noisy or polluting equipment than may affect neighbours Criminal Liability Varies according to type of nuisance offence. May include unlimited fines and imprisonment for up to 5 years for most severe offences. Regulatory Body: General Public, Local Authorities, Environment Agency Current Compliance Statement: Training to relevant staff required. Non-Conformance Reference: Aspects & Impacts Register: Reference Numbers 19 Date added to the register: 01.03.10 Date amended: 01.08.11 30
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