Rebecca Adlington Year 10 Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser - netdna-ssl.com
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Year 10
Spring 1 Knowledge Organiser
Rebecca Adlington
Rebecca Adlington, OBE (born 17 February 1989) is a British former competitive swimmer who
specialised in freestyle events in international competition. She won two gold medals at the 2008
Summer Olympics in the 400-metre freestyle and 800-metre freestyle, breaking the 19-year-old world
record of Janet Evans in the 800-metre final. Adlington was Britain's first Olympic swimming champion
since 1988, and the first British swimmer to win two Olympic gold medals since 1908. She won bronze
medals in both the women's 400-metre and 800-metre freestyle events in the 2012 Summer Olympics
in London.
Adlington was born in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, where she attended The Brunts School. She started
swimming with Sherwood Colliery Swimming Club, and was selected for the Nottinghamshire County
Elite Squad (Nova Centurion Swimming Club). She swam in local swimming leagues for Nottingham
Leander Swimming Club, having taken part in the National Speedo 'B' Final in May 2010. Adlington's
great-uncle was former Derby County goalkeeper Terry Adlington, and she is a keen Derby supporter.
On 5 February 2013, Adlington retired from all competitive swimming, at the age of 23. Since retiring
House Colour: Blue as a competitor, she has worked for BBC TV as a swimming pundit at the Olympic Games and World
Aquatics Championships, and made various other media appearances.
“I'm the type of person that it doesn't
get me down if I have a bad swim, I just
get more motivated. I'm quite resilient
in that way.”
Morris Samuels Alan Sillitoe Ada Lovelace
House Colour: Red House Colour: Yellow House Colour: Green
2
Achieve at BBA
Contents
Instructions for how to use your Knowledge Organiser 4 Subject: Chemistry 21
Timetable 5 Subject: Physics 22
Reading Log 6 Subject: Physics 23
Principal’s Reading w/b 8th Jan 7 Subject: Geography 24
Principal’s Reading w/b 14th Jan 8 Subject: History 25
Principal’s Reading w/b 21st Jan 9 Subject: French 26
Principal’s Reading w/b 28th Jan 10 Subject: GCSE Computer Science 27
Principal’s Reading w/b 4th Feb 11 Subject: GCSE Computer Science 28
Principal’s Reading w/b 11th Feb 12 Subject: Design Technology 29
200 Word Challenges 13 Subject: Food Technology 30
Subject: English Literature 15 Subject: Art and Design 31
Subject: English Language 16 Subject: Drama 32
Subject: Maths 17 Subject: Hair and Beauty 33
Subject: Biology 18 Subject: OCR Sports Science 34
Subject: Biology 19 Subject: Citizenship 35
Subject: Chemistry 20 Subject: Citizenship 36
3
Instructions for how to use your Knowledge Organiser Achieve at BBA
Read, Cover, Write Mind mapping Explaining a diagram Putting new words into sentences
Foreboding A feeling that
something bad
will happen.
There was a sense of foreboding
through the reference to the
‘shadows that followed’
Step 1: Read the part of the section you
want to remember.
Step 2: Read it again.
Step 3: Read it aloud. Step 1: Read the part of the section you Step 1: Read, cover, write the new words
Step 1: Read, cover and write the diagram
want to remember. and their definitions
Step 2: Write a sentence that includes the
Step 4: Cover the part you are remembering Step 2: Write a paragraph explaining what is new word in a real context, just as you
Step 2: Draw a mind map with the key
with your book. happening in the diagram and give would use it in a lesson/exam question.
information.
specific examples.
Step 5: Write as much as you can remember Step 3: Add any extra information that Step 3: Check your answer with a friend or
in your exercise book. Step 3: Check your answers using your class
provides more detail about the topic. ask your teacher to check you have used
notes or ask your teacher to check in your
Step 4: Check your answers using the them correctly.
next lesson.
Step 6: Check your answers with a tick for information in all three sections of the
correct answers or a cross if incorrect. Knowledge Organiser.
Step 4: Correct any mistakes
Step 4: Correct any mistakes
Step 5: Correct any mistakes.
Step 7: Correct your mistakes with the
information from that section.
4
Timetable Achieve at BBA
Year 10 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
w/b 8th January English Maths Citizenship Option 1 English Literature
Section 1: Vocabulary
Power Writing Plan
Read, Cover, Write (200 word challenge)
Science French/History/Geography Option 2 Annotate Principal’s Reading
w/b 14th January English Maths Citizenship Option 1 English Literature
Section 2: Key Facts
Power Writing Plan
Mind mapping (200 word challenge)
Science French/History/Geography Option 2 Annotate Principal’s Reading
w/b 21st January
English Maths Citizenship Option 1 English Literature
Section 3: Diagrams/pictures
As instructed or read, cover, Power Writing Plan
Science French/History/Geography Option 2 Annotate Principal’s Reading
write (200 word challenge)
w/b 28th January
English Maths Citizenship Option 1 English Literature
Section 1: Vocabulary
Put the words into new Power Writing Plan
Science French/History/Geography Option 2 Annotate Principal’s Reading
sentences (200 word challenge)
w/b 4th February English Maths Citizenship Option 1 English Literature
Section 2: Key facts
Power Writing Plan
Read, Cover, Write (200 word challenge)
Science French/History/Geography Option 2 Annotate Principal’s Reading
w/b 11th February
English Maths Citizenship Option 1 English Literature
All sections
Write down as much as you Power Writing Plan
Science French/History/Geography Option 2 Annotate Principal’s Reading
can remember from memory (200 word challenge)
20 mins reading of your 20 mins reading of your 20 mins reading of your 20 mins reading of your 20 mins reading of your
ALL WEEKS own book own book own book own book own book
(record on Reading Log) (record on Reading Log) (record on Reading Log) (record on Reading Log) (record on Reading Log)
5
Reading Log Achieve at BBA
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Read: Read: Read: Read: Read:
w/b 8th
For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes
January
Signed:__________________ Signed:________________ Signed:________________ Signed:__________________ Signed:________________
Read: Read: Read: Read: Read:
w/b 14th
For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes
January
Signed:__________________ Signed:________________ Signed:_________________ Signed:__________________ Signed:________________
Read: Read: Read: Read: Read:
w/b 21st
For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes
January
Signed:__________________ Signed:________________ Signed:_________________ Signed:__________________ Signed:________________
Read: Read: Read: Read: Read:
w/b 28th
For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes
January
Signed:__________________ Signed:________________ Signed:_________________ Signed:__________________ Signed:________________
Read: Read: Read: Read: Read:
w/b 4th
For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes
February
Signed:__________________ Signed:_______________ Signed:________________ Signed:__________________ Signed:________________
Read: Read: Read: Read: Read:
w/b 11th
For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes For: _________ minutes
February
Signed:__________________ Signed:________________ Signed:_________________ Signed:__________________ Signed:________________
6
Principal’s Reading w/b 8th Jan Achieve at BBA
Good news at last: the world isn’t as horrific as you think
Hans Rosling
Things are bad, and it feels like they are getting worse, right? Well, that’s true. Most things used to be worse. This Yes. Does it make sense to say it is bad? Yes, absolutely. Does
War, violence, natural disasters, corruption. The rich are tendency to misremember is compounded by the never- saying “things are improving” imply that everything is fine,
getting richer and the poor are getting poorer; and we will ending negative news from across the world. and we should all not worry? Not at all: it’s both bad and
soon run out of resources unless something drastic is done. better. That is how we must think about the current state of
That’s the picture most people in the west see in the media Stories about gradual improvements rarely make the front the world.
and carry around in their heads. page even when they occur on a dramatic scale and affect
millions of people. And thanks to increasing press freedom Take girls’ education. When women are educated, the
I call it the overdramatic worldview. It’s stressful and and improving technology, we hear about more disasters workforce becomes diversified and able to make better
misleading. In fact, the vast majority of the world’s than ever before. In the United States, the violent crime rate decisions. Educated mothers have fewer children, and more
population live somewhere in the middle of the income scale. has been falling since 1990. But each time something horrific survive. More energy is invested in each child’s education: a
Step by step, year by year, the world is improving. In the past or shocking happened – pretty much every year – a crisis was virtuous cycle of change. Ninety per cent of girls of primary
two centuries, life expectancy has more than doubled. reported. The majority of people believe that violent crime is school age attend school; for boys, it’s 92%. There are still
Although the world faces huge challenges, we have made getting worse. gender differences when it comes to education in the
tremendous progress. poorest countries, especially in secondary and higher
My guess is you feel that me saying that the world is getting education, but that’s no reason to deny the progress that has
It is absolutely true that there are many bad things in this better is like me telling you that everything is fine, and that been made.
world. The number of conflict fatalities has been falling since feels ridiculous. I agree. Everything is not fine. We should still
the second world war, but the Syrian war has reversed this be very concerned. As long as there are plane crashes, Remember that the media and activists rely on drama to grab
trend. Terrorism too is rising. Overfishing and the preventable child deaths, endangered species, climate your attention; that negative stories are more dramatic than
deterioration of the seas are truly worrisome. The list of change sceptics, male chauvinists, crazy dictators, toxic positive ones; and how simple it is to construct a story of
endangered species is getting longer. But while it is easy to waste, journalists in prison, and girls not getting an crisis from a temporary dip pulled out of its context of a long-
be aware of all the bad things happening in the world, it’s education, we cannot relax. But it is just as ridiculous to look term improvement. When you hear about something
harder to know about the good things. Over the past 20 away from the progress that has been made. The consequent terrible, calm yourself by asking: if there had been a positive
years, the proportion of people living in extreme poverty has loss of hope can be devastating. When people wrongly improvement, would I have heard about that? Even if there
almost halved. believe that nothing is improving, they may lose confidence had been hundreds of larger improvements, would I have
in measures that actually work. heard?
Our instinct to notice the bad more than the good is related
to three things: the misremembering of the past; selective How can we help our brains to realise that things are getting Hans Rosling was a Swedish physician, academic and
reporting by journalists and activists; and the feeling that as better? Think of the world as a very sick premature baby in statistician, who died in 2017. This is an edited excerpt from
long as things are bad, it’s heartless to say they are getting an incubator. After a week, she is improving, but she has to his posthumously published book Factfulness: Ten Reasons
better. For centuries, older people have romanticised their stay in the incubator because her health is still critical. Does it We’re Wrong about the World.
youths and insisted that things ain’t what they used to be. make sense to say that the infant’s situation is improving?
7
Principal’s Reading w/b 14th Jan Achieve at BBA
Diversity is Britain’s Greatest Strength
It’s time for politicians to unlock the huge, untapped narrowed our political perspectives; if politicians are “improbable journey” is something we should all be
potential of our diverse, multicultural society – and from similar backgrounds, and have similar experiences inspired by.
confound those who seek to divide us. and outlooks, they begin to look unfamiliar to many of In October my first book, Diversify, will argue the case
British politicians of all persuasions used to promote those they represent. That in turn causes people to for the social, moral and economic benefits of diversity,
diversity as one of the jewels in the crown of our disengage from politics. while also exploring how limited we are by social
society. Diversity was viewed as a visible indication of But if we let extremists, who don’t believe in democracy division – and provide simple steps on how to better
the vibrancy of an inclusive, multicultural society, and an inclusive society, persuade us through acts of connect with the “other”. Researchers at Oxford
something to be celebrated and reflected throughout all violence that multiculturalism doesn’t work, and we turn University have also compiled data on the current levels
levels of society. In reality however, vested interests our backs on diversity, we become a more divided of inequality faced by each of the “other” groups and the
mean our society is still ruled by elites and inequality issociety. statistics indicate there is still much cause for concern.
entrenched. The desire to concentrate power and Rather than shrink from diversity we need to fully Only 4% of doctors, 6% of barristers, 11% of journalists
influence in the hands of a small circle chokes the dream embrace it. We should be using the best talents in and 12% of solicitors come from working-class
of a diverse, meritocratic system of social progression. society to deal with threats such as terrorism – and backgrounds; women earn 14% less than men; and only
including people with experiences, skills and an one in 16 top management positions are held by an
The town that pioneered multiculturalism understanding beyond those of a narrow elite. Ideally, ethnic minority person.
Horrific terrorist attacks perpetrated by British citizens individuals from marginalised communities where But change can happen. What we need is action from
whose hearts resided elsewhere reinforce the idea that extremism develops in the shadows would be our politicians.
multiculturalism itself is under siege. And last year’s encouraged to share an understanding of how to tackle There is so much untapped potential: the economy that
referendum result had already appeared to signal that its origins. However, racial and cultural inclusion is only is efficient enough to capture the talents of all those
multiculturalism was no longer desired by a majority of part of a bigger picture. We need to look at inequality as available to contribute, and is capable of utilising all its
the nation. a whole: we need more leaders who the greatest minds, will be a model the rest of the world will
Yet diversity is necessary for the legitimacy of any underrepresented can identify with. be desperate to emulate. We must not allow those who
representative democracy. Over the years we have seen If our politics was more reflective and representative of seek to divide us to prevent us from achieving this.
low levels of voter participation and poor engagement the population, it would help address voter apathy and Whoever wins the election, diversity must be at the top
among minorities and other overlooked groups. Women, shape the sorts of policies we desperately need of the agenda.
black and minority ethnic communities, young people or This is not an impossible feat: the US, with its history of
those with disabilities – huge swaths of the electorate slavery and segregation, elected a black president with a
have felt uninspired to exercise their right to suffrage. Muslim middle name and an African surname. We also
This is in part because those representing the population see further progress in Ireland, a country formerly
have not reflected us in terms of ethnicity, gender, defined by its Catholicism, now choosing an openly gay,
disability, class and sexual orientation. This failure has half-Indian prime minister, Leo Varadkar. His
8
Principal’s Reading w/b 21st Jan Achieve at BBA
The Fight for Freedom of the Press
“In Mexico, ‘It’s Easy to Kill a Journalist’” — The New York Times restrictions on electronic recording and dissemination, the dismantling of “The Jungle” encampment for refugees in Calais.
Several photographers and reporters were taken into police custody
“Police illegally obtained journalist’s phone records under new
metadata retention regime” — The Sydney Morning Herald licence requirements to conduct journalism, while making reports about migrants, both there and on the Italian
border.
“Donald Trump attacks US media at 100-day Pennsylvania rally” — restrictions on journalists’ movements,
The BBC During the 2016 protests against a new labour law in France,
Each week brings more evidence of how freedom of the press is monitoring of journalists by authorities, videos show that people filming or photographing demonstrations
being eroded in all parts of the world. It is, therefore, no surprise to were deliberately beaten. Many reporters said their press armbands
read that this year’s surveys of press freedom paint a dark picture of jamming of foreign broadcasts, and turned them into targets instead of protecting them.
the global situation. “Media freedom is under threat now more than
ever,” according to Reporters ‘Without Borders’ 2017 World Press blocking of foreign correspondents. How can the fight for the freedom of the press be best pursued?
Freedom Index. Freedom House’s Freedom of the Press 2017 report
declared: The resulting list of the 10 Most Censored Countries includes It is true, if trite, to say there are no easy answers. Constant
Eritrea, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Azerbaijan, Vietnam, vigilance and constant coverage of the issues, especially in our own
Evidence for the threats to press freedom commonly includes the
countries of residence and work, is the first necessity. Joining and
number of journalists killed, imprisoned and exiled. Since 1992, the Iran, China, Myanmar, and Cuba.
supporting the advocacy groups working in this area is another step.
Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) has recorded 1236 confirmed
Where are photographers and visual journalists in this Working with the coalition calling for the appointment of a
deaths. These are cases where CPJ is “reasonably certain that a
global picture? “journalists’ protector” with the position of special representative
journalist was murdered in direct reprisal for his or her work; was
to the United Nations secretary-general for the safety of journalists
killed in crossfire during combat situations; or was killed while Many have been killed while doing their work. A number of
is important too.
carrying out a dangerous assignment such as coverage of a street photographers have also been detained without good reason for
protest.” In 2016, the CPJ reported 259 journalists were jailed too long a time. The Reporters ‘Without Borders’ lists three We recognise there are many issues related to press freedom to be
worldwide and 452 journalists had been forced into exile in the last photographers imprisoned in Bahrain, one in China and three in addressed in Indonesia itself, including media access and freedom in
six years. The geography of danger for journalists includes war Egypt. In Egypt, the case of Mahmoud Abu Zeid (also known as West Papua. We’ll be making clear that quality visual journalism
zones like Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya, as well as countries Shawkan), imprisoned since August 2013, is the best known. helps provide accurate and independent reporting. Accurate and
suffering internal violence like Mexico, the Philippines, Colombia independent reporting is what distinguishes a free press. And a free
and Russia. While long-term detention is rare in democracies, there are still
press is the vehicle that secures freedom of speech.
significant cases of journalists being threatened, as the latest
Censorship is another indicator of declining press freedom, and Reporters ‘Without Borders’ report makes clear:
governments and others are finding new ways to promote
repression, many of which compromise the necessity of an open In Spain, a magazine photographer was fined in April 2016 for
internet. The CPJ analyses countries to determine their status using posting a photo of a policeman arresting a woman on Twitter. The
a series of benchmarks, including: fine was imposed under the Protection of Citizen Security Law, one
of the aims of which is to protect the image of the Spanish police,
the absence of privately owned or independent media, restricting the right to demonstrate and limiting the rights of
journalists to gather and disseminate information.
blocking of websites,
In France, there were restrictions on the media’s coverage of
9
Principal’s Reading w/b 28th Jan Achieve at BBA
What is the National Identity? Although the focus of the research was England, we also commissioned surveys only a third say the country's diversity is an important part of their identity.
in Scotland, Wales and in Northern Ireland to compare and contrast attitudes Among those who describe themselves as more British than English, the figure
I spent St George's Day this year in Nottingham, among a large crowd bedecked across the kingdom. is two-thirds.
in the red and white of their national saint. "Why can't we celebrate St George?"
they asked me. "The Irish, Scots and Welsh have their national days. Why can't Identities intertwined Better in the past?
we English have ours?"
All of us have multiple identities, of course. We may have a strong sense of The greatest contributors to English identity, the survey suggests, are the natural
The irony was obvious. No-one had suggested they couldn't. Indeed, a huge St belonging to one nation or more than one. We may feel powerful allegiance to a landscape and the nation's history. The strongest image of England is a pre-
George's flag was draped across the town hall and police were good-naturedly county or a city. People in England may feel English, British, something else or a industrial bucolic nation populated by well-mannered and virtuous citizens.
marshalling hundreds of patriots to the main square. The Lord Mayor of mixture. People generally see England as conservative and traditional rather than liberal
Nottingham, in full regalia, had given the official send-off. and outward-looking.
Our survey tested the relative strengths of people's relationship with different
I have encountered such defensiveness many times. There is a commonly held geographies. Its findings suggest 80% of the residents of England identify There is more than a hint of nostalgia about people's sense of Englishness.
belief that, for all its size and influence within the union, England is treated like strongly as English. But it also finds a similar proportion, 82%, strongly identify Almost three times as many of its residents think England was 'better in the past'
an embarrassing uncle at a wedding. as British. than believe its best years lie in the future.
It is fair to say that the politics of devolution over the past 20 years have focused Only small proportions said they were one but not the other. British and English In Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, by contrast, significantly more people
attention on the identity politics of other parts of the United Kingdom. The identities are intertwined; they are strands of the same national thread. think their country's best years lie ahead rather than behind them.
appropriation of the St George's flag by elements of the far right has also
intensified squeamishness for English nationalism.
Some have suggested that the British identity is being strangled by rising English So while the rest of the UK feels pretty optimistic about their prospects, England
nationalism, but that idea is not borne out by the survey. seems particularly glum. The more English people feel, the more retrospective
But the relationship between the people of England and the country in which they are, and English wistfulness is particularly strong among those who voted to
they dwell is fundamental to understanding the volatility of contemporary politics. leave in the Brexit referendum.
Indeed, the British identity is felt strongly by all generations - exactly the same
proportion (83%) of both 18-24 year-olds and 50-64-year-olds report a powerful
How proud is your area of being English? association with Britain. England's Christian tradition is important for almost half of Leave voters, but only
29% of remain voters. Leave voters are significantly more likely to talk of
Which part of the UK presents its greatest existential challenge? Scotland as it It's a strong national characteristic across almost every demographic: politics, Englishness in terms of history, fair play, tolerance, plain-speaking and
tests the waters of independence? Northern Ireland with its borders buffeted by education, class and geography. friendliness than those who wanted to remain.
the winds of Brexit? The nationalist flames of the Welsh dragon, perhaps?
The English identity, however, is felt more variably. But not everyone is comfortable calling themselves English. Eight out of ten
The answer, I believe, is to be found buried in the soil of England. A quarter of people regard it is a strong part of their identity but fewer than six in ten say it is
the population believe English interests should be prioritised, even if that were to a source of pride.
Pride in identifying as English is weaker among the young (45%) and stronger
threaten the United Kingdom.
among the old (72%). This is the reverse of the experience in Wales where the
strength of the Welsh identity reduces with age. In Scotland, over 80% of all age- For some it is the opposite: among graduates, the young, Labour and Lib Dem
England has long been the conundrum at the heart of the union, which is why, groups say they feel strongly Scottish. voters, remain voters, Londoners, Mancunians and Liverpudlians, roughly one
two years ago, I proposed the BBC should conduct a comprehensive survey of person in 10 says they would be embarrassed to describe themselves as
English identity. I suggested that until we understood what England means to its English.
In England, Conservative voters are much more likely to say they are proud to
people, predicting its future would be very difficult.
be English (77%) than those who support Labour (45%) and the Liberal
Democrats (42%). Among leave supporters in the Brexit referendum English Nevertheless, the interlaced English and British identities remain an important
The day I was due to discuss my plan with senior editors was 20 February 2016. pride is 75%, among those who voted remain it is 44%. part of how the people of England see themselves. For many it seems the two
The meeting never took place, of course. That morning David Cameron are almost interchangeable, reflecting an enduring loyalty and love for the
announced the UK would hold a referendum on our membership of the nation, its story and its values.
The sharpest divide in English identity is associated with ethnicity. While 61% of
European Union.
people who describe themselves as white are proud to declare their English
identity, among ethnic minorities it is just 32%. British identity is strongly felt by Being English is more than a factual statement about place of birth or
Almost two years later and 'The English Question' project did finally get the go- three-quarters of the BME population. citizenship. It is an attitude and a state of mind.
ahead. Working with the pollsters YouGov and academics, we devised a
questionnaire on identity and belonging, to be completed by more than 20,000
The English identity emerges as more exclusive while the British identity is seen
people in England.
as more inclusive. Among those who call themselves English rather than British,
10Principal’s Reading w/b 4th Feb Achieve at BBA
North Korean Censorship Blinds Not Just the People, But Also Their Rulers
It is possible to argue that North Korea has the world’s strictest possibly know about what is going on inside your country? Of officials, being unable to cover things up, would also be more
media censorship system. North Korean media outlets are, course, normally dictators rely on classified official reports, but inclined to compile honest reports.
essentially, a branch of the government propaganda bureaucracy. there is one serious problem with these papers: they are written
Their goal is not to inform, but to indoctrinate and control by officials who have a vested interest in presenting situations in The North Korean government has implemented policies to
common people, to explain to them what they should think about the most favorable light. This is understandable: most officials prevent outside sources of information from reaching the people
the world. In a sense, North Korean media exists to distort the report about the state of affairs in the regions or fields they are of North Korea. Starting in the 1990s when famine overtook the
picture of the world in accordance with the ever-changing responsible for. Thus, the supreme leader always gets a distorted country, traders used cell phones as a means to illegally bring
demands of the ruling elite. picture. food and goods across the border. Cellular devices were
introduced in North Korea in 2002 only to be temporarily banned
North Korean leaders believe that this system is necessary to For example, if there is a region which is just about to be struck two years later.
keep people obedient and controllable, to prevent the rise of by a famine, we should not normally expect that a region’s
criticism about the government. This might be the case, indeed: governor (or, in the case of North Korea, party secretary) is going Political problems
Being unaware of the alternatives to their lifestyles, people are to compile an honest report about the problems. At the end of the Political problems might pose an even bigger challenge. Officials
less likely to dream about a change. day, the party secretary is likely to be held responsible for the will sometimes report economic problems, but they are almost
food shortages, so he has every reason to play the problems down certain to remain silent about sensitive but important political
However, this system of total control also leads to serious side on the assumption that the crisis will somehow solve itself. issues like, say, a decline in the government’s popularity. They
effects which touch not only common people but also the are bound to assure the dictator that he and his entourage are
decision-makers and top elite. To put it simply, the hyper- Of course, the party secretary can also be punished for submitting widely popular, even when the country is actually on the brink of
censored media does not merely blind common people, but false reports, but if he frankly admits the chaos in agriculture a revolution.
distorts the vision of the elite as well. within his jurisdiction, the punishment is nearly certain.
It is not surprising that a majority of overthrown dictators
One can say that there are two major tasks a free media usually Thus, North Korean officials have every reason to exaggerate sincerely believed themselves to be popular and admired virtually
has. On one hand, it exists to provide the public with a their successes while hiding their lack of performance. As a until the moment when rebels began to ram the gates of their
reasonably truthful picture of life, its challenges and problems. result, North Korea's "Supreme Leader" has no means to find out palaces. If the dictators had a less controlled press, they would be
On the other hand, it serves as a channel through which the elite what is actually going on in his country and unavoidably lives in much more likely to see coming trouble and readjust their
can receive critical and independent estimates of the country’s a world of illusions. His tough approach to the officials does not policies or, alternatively, look for escape before it was too late.
external and internal situation. The absence of such a channel is help either: being terrified, they are even less likely to tell bad
dangerous. news to the ruler. So dictators use strict media control to blind the people, but
If North Korea had a free or at least less controlled press, things they also end up blinding themselves. And North Korea, the
A distorted picture would be very different. An independent media would find out country with the world’s toughest censorship, seems to be a place
If you are a dictator with more or less absolute power like Kim the problems immediately, so the top leaders would soon learn where this dangerous trend is especially pronounced.
Jong Un, North Korea’s “Supreme Leader,” how can you about possible difficulties. And local Party secretaries and other
11Principal’s Reading w/b 11th Feb Achieve at BBA
The History of Valentine’s Day
Every February 14, gifts are exchanged that he be put to death. well as to the Roman founders Romulus and
between loved ones, all in the name of Saint Remus.
Other stories suggest that Valentine may
Valentine. But who is this mysterious saint,have been killed for attempting to help Valentine’s Day: A Day of Romance
and where did these traditions come from? Christians escape harsh Roman prisons,
Find out about the history of this centuries- During the Middle Ages, it was commonly
where they were often beaten and tortured.
old holiday, from ancient Roman rituals to believed in France and England that
According to one legend, an imprisoned
the customs of Victorian England. February 14 was the beginning of birds’
Valentine actually sent the first “valentine” mating season, which added to the idea that
The Legend of Saint Valentine greeting himself after he fell in love with a the middle of Valentine’s Day should be a
young girl (possibly his jailer’s daughter)
The history of Valentine’s Day (and the day for romance. Valentine greetings were
who visited him during his confinement.
story of its patron saint) is shrouded in popular as far back as the Middle Ages,
mystery. We do know that February has long Before his death, it is alleged that he wrote though written Valentine’s didn’t begin to
her a letter signed “From your Valentine,” an
been celebrated as a month of romance, and appear until after 1400. The oldest known
expression that is still in use today.
that Saint Valentine’s Day, as we know it valentine still in existence today was a poem
today, contains parts of both Christian and Origins of Valentine’s Day: A Pagan Festival written in 1415 by Charles, Duke of Orleans,
ancient Roman tradition. But who was Saint in February to his wife while he was imprisoned in the
Valentine, and how did he become associated While some believe that Valentine’s Day is Tower of London following his capture at
with this ancient rite? the Battle of Agincourt.
celebrated in the middle of February to
One legend contends that Valentine was a commemorate the anniversary of Valentine’s
priest who served during the third century death or burial (which probably occurred
in Rome. When Emperor Claudius II decided around A.D. 270) others claim that the
that single men made better soldiers than Christian church may have decided to place
those with wives and families, he outlawed Saint Valentine’s feast day in the middle of
marriage for young men. Valentine, realising February in an effort to “Christianise” the
the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius pagan celebration of Lupercalia. Celebrated
and continued to perform marriages for at the ides of February, or February 15,
young lovers in secret. When Valentine’s Lupercalia was a fertility festival dedicated
actions were discovered, Claudius ordered to Faunus, the Roman god of agriculture, as
12200 Word Challenges Achieve at BBA
Task Vocabulary to include: Plan your response to take the thinking
out of the writing process. This will allow you to focus on how well
you are writing, rather than what you are writing.
The new year is a time for new beginnings. Resolutions
W/b 8th Jan Power 1—your main idea
Write about your hopes for the world in 2019. Utopia
Power 2—3 supporting ideas
Power 3—details for each supporting idea
Power Plus—interesting vocabulary, devices,
If diversity is one of Britain’s biggest strengths, Diversity
W/b 14th Jan
what else are our strengths as a nation? Benefits
“The media is destroying the minds of our Detrimental
W/b 21st Jan
young people” To what extent do you agree? Benefits Power 1
Power 2 Power 2 Power 2
Nationality
Explain what it means to have a national
W/b 28th Jan Culture
identity and what your nationality means to you.
Power 3 Power 3 Power 3
Explain what you think life would be like if you Emigrated
W/b 4th Feb
lived in a different country. . Government
Power Plus
“Valentine’s Day is a commercial gimmick Gimmick
W/b 11th Feb designed to increase gift and card companies'
profit”. To what extent do you agree? Commercial
13Knowledge Organiser
Subjects
14Subject: English Literature Year: 10 Term: Spring 1 Achieve at BBA
Section 1: Key Vocabulary Section 2: Key Facts Section 3: Annotate this poem fully.
Tier 3 vocabulary Definition Questions: Answers: War Photographer
Phonetic The sounds you make when you How do the poems Both poems show that war brings
speak. The reassurance of the frame is - flexible
‘Sennacherib’ and suffering and pain to family members
Accent A distinctive way of pronouncing a – you can think that just outside it
‘Poppies’ explore the of the men involved in the conflict. In
language, especially one associated people eat, sleep, love normally
Byron’s poem the ‘widows’ grieve for
with a particular country, area, or effects of war? while I seek out the tragic, the absurd,
their lost husbands and sons, while in
social class. to make a subject.
Poppies, the mother grieves over losing
Dialect A particular form of a language which Or if the picture’s such as lifts the heart
her son to adulthood and possibly
is peculiar to a specific region or so- the firmness of the edges can convince you
death.
cial group. this is how things are
Quatrain A stanza of four lines, especially one How is the theme of Both narrators regret aspects of their
having alternate rhymes. regret explored in past, however, the character in – as when at Ascot once
Extended Metaphor Refers to a comparison between two ‘Prelude’ can see that his loss of I took a pair of peach, sun-gilded girls
‘Prelude’ and ‘The Man
unlike things that continues through- innocence is an essential part of rolling, silk-crumpled, on the grass
He Killed’?
out a series of sentences in a para- growing up, whereas the speaker in in champagne giggles
graph, or lines in a poem. ‘The Man He Killed’ intimates that his
Tier 2 vocabulary Definition sorry situation could have been – as last week, when I followed a small girl
Revulsion A sense of disgust and loathing. avoided. staggering down some devastated street,
Both poems show that despite great hip thrust out under a baby’s weight.
How is racism addressed
Grievances A feeling of resentment over some- advances in equality, racism still exists She saw me seeing her; my finger pressed.
in ‘Half-Caste’ and ‘No
thing believed to be wrong or unfair. in modern UK culture. Zephaniah
Problem’?
Exploitation The action or fact of treating some- suggests that British culture can accept At the corner, the first bomb of the morning
one unfairly in order to benefit from black people becoming elite athletes, shattered the stones.
their work. but it doesn’t allow them to rise in Instinct prevailing, she dropped her burden
Prejudice Preconceived opinion that is not other areas such as academia. and, mouth too small for her dark scream,
based on reason or actual experience. began to run…
Occupation A job or profession. What do the poems ‘Class In both poems the narrators are
Game’ and ‘Cousin Kate’ working class, and suffer because of The picture showed the little mother
Illustrates To serve as an example of. have to say about social their social status. Determining class the almost-smile. Their caption read
can be quite complex, but factors such ‘Even in hell the human spirit
Academia The environment or community con- class?
as your occupation, level of education triumphs over all.’
cerned with the pursuit of research,
and choice of leisure activities all But hell, like heaven, is untidy,
education, and scholarship.
contribute to shaping your class its boundaries
Intimates To show or provide an example or
identity. ‘Cousin Kate’ illustrates how arbitrary as a blood stain on a wall.
inference of something.
working class Victorian women were
Democracy A system of government by the whole
vulnerable and could be manipulated Carole Satyamurti
population or all the eligible members
by others.
of a state, typically through elected
representatives.
15Subject: English Language Topic: Paper 2 question 5 Year: 10 Term: Spring 1 Achieve at BBA
Section 1: Key Vocabulary Section 2: Key Facts Section 3
Tier 3 vocabulary Definition Questions: Answers:
“School uniform is an essential aspect of school life. It
How should I plan my answer? Use the statement to generate ideas for
Form The type of text you are writing
your power plan promotes discipline and it prepares students for the world
Audience The person/people that will read your writing. How should I set out a letter? Your address top right, their address of work”
Purpose The reason you are writing below this on the left, date underneath.
Write a letter to your principal offering your views on this
Register The level of formality of a text statement.
How should I set out a Paragraphs. Start by greeting your
Attitude Your feelings towards an issue speech? audience
How should I set out an Headline, date, first paragraph gives an
Use this new sample question to plan your response like
Perspective The way you look at an issue the example below.
article? overview of the story.
Viewpoint Your thoughts about an issue When should I address my In every paragraph, making it clear what
‘Homework has no value. It is a waste of time. Some
audience? action you want them to take.
Argument Reasoning and thought to make a point.
students don’t do it at all.’
Persuasive Trying to bring someone around to your way of How do I make my writing Adopt a voice appropriate to the task (a
thinking. convincing and compelling? knowledgeable person)
Anaphora Repetition at the beginning of successive clauses,
Vehemently disagree
phrases or sentences. How do I start? Explain who you are, why you are
Rhetoric Appealing to the hearts and minds of your writing, where you heard the statement
Not at BBA
audience. and what you want them to do about the
Logos Appealing to a person’s logic issue.
Ethos Appealing to a person’s character What should I avoid when ‘I am writing to you to tell you about my
No value Waste of time Some don’t do
starting to write? view on…’
Pathos Appealing to a person’s emotions. What is the statement for? To help generate ideas. Never write: ‘I it at all
Tentative language Not certain or fixed e.g. possibly agree with the statement’ as the reader
will not know what the statement is.
Dystopian/utopian An imperfect/perfect world
Promotes inde- Learning is never School expecta-
Tier 2 vocabulary Definition How do I create a convincing Stick to one viewpoint and use counter
pendence a waste of time tion that all do it
Vehemently To have strong feelings about something
argument? arguments to strengthen your own
opinions. Supports learning Too much time is Checked daily
Preposterous Ridiculous How can I make my writing Think beyond the most obvious. Think of
in class wasted on gam-
impressive? an idea that you don’t think others will Sanctions for
Moral Decent, honest, respectable ing/on phones
write about. Promotes disci- those who don’t
Obligation A sense of duty etc
How can I vary my Start with an adverb, a verb, despite, pline
Choosing to fall
Reckless Irresponsible sentences? although, like, as, when, whist, a proper Habits
Builds knowledge behind their
noun.
Fundamentally Of central importance Feeds into peers
How can I vary my Use a colon or a semicolon to join two Improves confi-
Proposal Idea or suggestion punctuation? sentences together or use an ellipsis or spaced retrieval
dence
Agreeable Pleasant exclamation mark.
How can I add emphasis to an Use a short sentence before or after Improves grades
Compromise Coming to an agreement or settlement
important idea? introducing your idea.
Convincing Believable
What sort of sentences should Declarative, imperative, interrogative,
Fundamental, obligation, vehemently
Compelling Gripping or interesting I use? exclamatory
16Subject: Maths Year: 10 Term: Spring 1 Achieve at BBA
Section 1: Key Vocabulary Section 2: Important Ideas Section 3:
Tier 3 vocabulary Definition This is a speed-time graph of a car journey. It shows that
How can pressure be Force applied divided by the
calculated? area it is applied to. the car started from rest and sped up. It travelled at a
A measure of the distance travelled by constant speed then slowed down to a stop.
Speed
an object in a certain time.
How is average speed Distance travelled divided by the
The rate of change of the speed over
Acceleration calculated? time taken to complete that
a given time.
distance.
A measure of the amount of matter in
Density How is density The mass of an object divided by
a certain volume.
calculated? the volume of the object. The gradient of each line segment represents the
The quantity of matter in an acceleration.
Mass
object. For the first part of this graph the acceleration was:
A measure of the amount of force How is acceleration Change in velocity divided by the 50/20 = 2.5 m/s/s (or m/s2)
Pressure per unit area. calculated? time taken. The area enclosed by the graph and the x-axis represents
the distance travelled.
The study of the motion of This graph is in the shape of a trapezium so the area is:
Kinematics (a+b)h÷2 = (20+50)50÷2 = 1750m
objects.
How far an object has travelled How is the volume of any Area of cross section multiplied
Distance
during some motion. prism calculated? by the length of the prism
The point where a line or curve
Intercept
crosses an axis.
The study of the motion of If the graph is made up of curved lines, then you need to
Gradient
objects. estimate the area under the graph by splitting it into
Tier 2 vocabulary Definition simpler shapes.
How is the gradient of a A tangent to the curve at a
curve approximated? particular point is drawn and
Initial Something that occurs first. the gradient of that line
calculated.
To change the form of
Convert
measurement. This would give an underestimate of the area as a small
part of the region under the graph is not included.
A rough drawing representing the Sketch your own curved graph and split it into simple
Sketch
key features. shapes.
17Subject: Biology Topic: B2.1 Year: 10 Term: Spring 1 Achieve at BBA
Section 1: Key Vocabulary Section 2: Important ideas Section 3: Copy and label
Tier 3 vocabulary Definition 1. What diffuses into and out 1. Glucose and oxygen diffuse into cells,
Diffusion The net movement of particles from of cells in the human body? carbon dioxide diffuses out.
a region of high concentration to one of low
concentration. Particles move down the 2. How can you increase the 2. Decrease the distance the
concentration gradient. rate of diffusion? particles need to move; increase the
concentration gradient; increase the
Osmosis The movement of water molecules, from a surface area.
high water potential to a low water potential,
across a partially 3. How does the difference in 3. The higher the difference in water
permeable membrane. water potential of two potential, the faster the rate of
Water potential The concentration of free water solutions affect the rate of osmosis.
molecules. Pure water has the highest osmosis?
possible water potential, as all the water
molecules are free to move. 4. Explain why active 4. Substances are moved against the
transport requires the concentration gradient (from low
Plasmolysis When enough water is lost from a plant cell
use of energy. concentration to high) and this
that the cell membrane
requires energy .
collapses away from the cell wall.
Crenated When an animal cell loses so much water it 5. Give an example of where 5. Mineral ions being moved from the
crinkles and is described as crenated. active transport takes place. soil into plant roots. Glucose being
Active transport The movement of substances against a absorbed from the small
concentration gradient, using ATP. intestine into the bloodstream.
ATP A unit of energy. 6. What happens to make a 6. The plant cell takes up water by
plant cell turgid? osmosis and the pressure inside the cell
Carrier protein A special protein that spans the width of a Active transport
cell membrane. It uses energy to transport
7. State the stages of the cell 7. DNA replication movement of
substances into and out of the cell, against
cycle. chromosomes cytokinesis
the concentration gradient.
Mitosis The process of a normal body cell
8. Why do cells undergo 8. To replace worn out cells; to
dividing to make genetically identical cells.
mitosis? repair damaged cells; for growth.
Tier 2 vocabulary Definition
9. Give some examples of 9. Animals: nerve cells, red blood cells,
Osmosis
Differentiation The conversion of cell from being specialised cells. fat cells.
unspecialised to specialised.
Stem cells Stem cells are undifferentiated cells. Adult 10. What are the 10. The meristems are the growing
stem cells can become a limited number of meristems and where are regions of a plant where cells are
cell types. Embryonic stem cells are able to they found? unspecialised. They are the root tips,
grow into a wide range of cells. shoot tips, leaf nodes and buds.
18Subject: Biology Topic: B2.2 Year: 10 Term: Spring 1 Achieve at BBA
Section 1: Key Vocabulary Section 2: Important ideas Section 3: Copy and label
Tier 3 vocabulary Definition
1. How does surface area: 1. The larger the organism, the
Circulatory system The heart and blood vessels make up the
circulatory system. volume ratio change as an smaller the surface area: volume
Blood travels through the heart twice during
organism gets bigger? ratio becomes.
Double circulatory
each circuit of the body. Diffusion alone will not be sufficient
system
Carry blood away from the heart at high to meet the needs of the organism.
Arteries
pressure.
2. Why do arteries have 2. Blood leaves the heart at high
Veins Return blood to the heart.
thick muscular walls? pressure. Thick muscular walls are
Contain valves to stop the blood from
flowing backwards.
needed to withstand this pressure.
Capillaries The blood vessels that link 3. Explain why the walls of 3. Substances can easily move
arteries and veins. capillaries are just one cell through capillary walls to the tissues
Atria (plural) The smaller top chambers of the heart. There thick and semi-permeable. and organs.
Atrium (singular) is a right and a left atrium.
4. What separates an 4. A valve snaps shut to stop the
Ventricles The larger lower chambers of the heart. There
atrium from a ventricle? blood from flowing backwards.
is a right and a left ventricle.
Xylem The tissue that transports water up the plant. 5. Why does the left 5. The left side of the heart needs to
ventricle have a thicker create enough pressure to pump the
Phloem The tissue that transports sugars (produced
during photosynthesis) both up and down the muscle wall? blood all around the body.
plant.
6. List the main 6. Red blood cells, white blood cells,
Vascular bundle Xylem and phloem in a plant form structures
components of blood? plasma, platelets.
called vascular bundles.
Stomata (plural) Small holes on the underside of leaves. 7. What is the difference 7. Transpiration is the movement of
Stoma (singular) between transpiration and water in plants. Translocation is the
Transpiration The loss of water from a plants leaves translocation? movement of dissolved sugars.
Tier 2 vocabulary Definition 8. What is the role of the 8. Transport (of water and sugars)
Circulation Movement in a circle or loop. vascular bundles? and support of the plant.
Pulse A measure of heart rate. Felt as the blood
9. What is the function of 9. To allow carbon dioxide to diffuse
surges through the artery when the heart
the stomata? into the leaf. To allow water vapour
beats.
Liquid water turning into water vapour.
and oxygen to diffuse out of the leaf.
Evaporation
Humidity The amount of water in the air. 10. What is a potometer 10. The movement of the air bubble
used for? is a measure of transpiration rate.
Light intensity The amount of light present.
Root hair cells The cells on the roots of plants that take up 11. Which factors affect 11. Light intensity, temperature,
water from the soil. the rate of transpiration? air movement, humidity.
19Subject: Chemistry Topic: C3 part 1 Year: 10 Term: Spring 1 Achieve at BBA
Section 1: Key Vocabulary Section 2: Important ideas Section 3: Copy and label
Tier 3 vocabulary Definition 1. What are the formulae for 1. Hydrogen = H2, Chlorine = Cl2, Diagram 1 Is this an endothermic or exothermic
Diatomic molecule Molecule containing two atoms Hydrogen, Chlorine and
Nitrogen = N2 reaction? What does this mean?
Compound ions An ion formed when a group of atoms Nitrogen? - What are these
loses or gains electrons types of formula called? Diatomic
State symbols Letters used to represent physical
states of substances ie solid (s), liquid 2. The sulfate ion has the 2. The sulfate ion has gained two
(l), gas (g), aqueous (aq) formula SO42-, what does this extra electrons as it has a charge
Precipitate An insoluble solid formed during a tell you about the electrons? of 2 minus.
reaction involving solutions
mole The amount of substance that 3. The ammonium ion has the 3. The ammonium ion has lost an
contains 6.02 x 1023 particles formula NH4+ what does this electron (negative charge) as it has
tell you about the electrons? 1 extra positive charge
Reaction profile A chart that shows the energy of Diagram2
reactants and products in a chemical
4. What does the law of 4. the total mass of atoms at the Is this an endothermic or exothermic
reaction
conservation of mass state? start of a chemical reaction is the reaction? What does this mean?
Activation energy The minimum amount of energy
same as the end (but the atoms
needed for a reaction to start
might be joined together in a
Endothermic A process in which there is an overall different way)
transfer of energy from the
surroundings 5. Explain whether Diagram 1 5. Endothermic—more energy is
A process in which there is an overall
shows an endothermic or stored in the products than in the
Exothermic
transfer of energy to the exothermic reaction reactants
surroundings
6. Explain whether Diagram 2 6. Exothermic—more energy is
Tier 2 vocabulary Definition
shows an endothermic or stored in the reactants than in the
surroundings In a chemical reaction, anything that
exothermic reaction products.
is not a reacting particle
Products The substances formed in a chemical
7. What happens to 7. In an exothermic reaction the Write a method for
reaction.
temperature in an exothermic temperature increases, in an how you would this
Reactant A substance that takes part in a
and endothermic reaction? endothermic reaction the equipment to
chemical reaction
temperature decreases. find out if a reaction
limiting A reactant present in a chemical is exothermic or
reaction in an amount less than 8 How could the apparatus 8. Add a lid, have the beaker made endothermic.
needed to completely react with opposite be improved to out of an insulating material, use a
another reactant investigate temperature data logger to improve precision.
excess When a reactant is present in a
change?
greater amount than needed
20Subject: Chemistry Topic: C3 part 2 Year: 10 Term: Spring 1 Achieve at BBA
Section 1: Key Vocabulary Section 2: Important ideas Section 3: Copy and label
Tier 3 vocabulary Definition 1. In the equation below, 1. Magnesium (Mg) is oxidised
what has been oxidised and
Oxidation The gain of oxygen by a Copper oxide (CuO) is reduced
what has been reduced?
substance.
Reduction The loss of oxygen from a Mg + CuO —> MgO + Cu
substance.
Acid A substance that releases 2. Looking at the pH scale 3. An acid
hydrogen ions when dissolved in opposite, is pH 3 an acid or an
water. alkali?
Base A substance that can neutralise 3. Hydrochloric acid + 3. Hydrochloric acid + sodium
an acid. sodium hydroxide —> ? hydroxide —> sodium chloride +
Alkali A base that is soluble in water. water
It releases hydroxide ions (OH-)
4. What colour does universal 4. UI goes red in an acid, blue in an
when dissolved in water.
pH Relative acidity or alkalinity of a indictor (UI) go in, an acid, an alkali and green in a neutral
substance. The pH scale (1-14). alkali and a neutral solution? solution.
pH=7 neutral. 5.When an acid reacts with a 5. acid + metal carbonate —>
Neutralisation A reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate what is salt + carbon dioxide + water
base producing a salt and water. produced?
Electrolysis A process by which an electric
6. What is the standard test 6. Pour limewater into the gas, if it
current is passed through a
for carbon dioxide gas? goes cloudy in colour, carbon
compound to split it up.
Cathode The negative electrode which dioxide is present.
attracts positive cations. 7. Look at the general 7. So that ions can move and
Anode The positive electrode which electrolysis cell, why does the conduct electricity.
attracts negative anions. electrolyte (liquid) have to be
Tier 2 vocabulary Definition molten or in solution?
Inert Not reactive. 8. During electrolysis what 8. Positive ions gain electrons and
happens at the cathode? become atoms. e.g.
Molten In the liquid state.
Pb 2+ + 2e- —> Pb
Purify To increase the purity of a
9. During electrolysis what 9. Negative ions lose electrons and
substance.
happens at the anode? become atoms. e.g
Effervescence Bubbling or fizzing.
General Electrolysis Cell
Cl- - 2e- —> Cl2
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