QUATUOR ÉBÈNE - Chamber Music New Zealand
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JUILLIARD415 AUCKLAND Friday 28 February WELLINGTON Saturday 7 March 2020 brings the best and brightest from New York City: Robert Mealy and Juilliard415. Next generation baroque, this 23-piece orchestra of lavish opulence launches CMNZ’s 2020 Season with a bang. For more, visit chambermusic.co.nz/2020
Tēnā koutou How lucky we are to be a part of Quatour Ébène’s global project “Beethoven Around the World”. In 2014 Quatuor Ébène were asked by Carnegie Hall to be the one string quartet to play the Beethoven Cycle through their 2019/2020 season as celebration of Beethoven’s 250th birthday. The musicians accepted the invitation and then characteristically took it to a new level with the idea of playing Beethoven not just in New York, but to perform and record the complete cycle live in concerts right around the world. They began in April this year and by the time they get to January 2020 the Quartet will have given some 40 concerts across 18 countries and six continents. The theme for their world tour is sharing across geographical and cultural divides. A message that I’m sure resounds with all of us here. If you happen to see a film crew as part of your experience tonight, it is because the quartet have a crew following them throughout their world tour. The documentary is set to be released at the end of 2020. I would like to sincerely thank Ambassador Sylvaine Carta-Le Vert, Ambassador of France to New Zealand for her generous welcome to the musicians of Quatour Ébène. Catherine Gibson Chief Executive Chamber Music New Zealand Please kindly remember to switch off all cellphones, pagers and watches. Taking photographs, or sound or video recordings during the concert is prohibited unless with the prior approval of Chamber Music New Zealand. Thank you.
“The Quartet, the place of battle between the intimate and the shared, but also the place of realization of the most noble challenge of modernity.” – G. Di Salvatore, Filmexplorer
Quatuor Ébène 3 Beethoven Live Around the World WELLINGTON, AUCKLAND Ludwig van Beethoven Page 6 String Quartet in G Major, op. 18 no. 2 (“Compliments”) Ludwig van Beethoven Page 8 String Quartet in F Minor, op. 95 (“Serioso”) -Interval- Ludwig van Beethoven Page 11 String Quartet in E-flat Major, op. 74 (“Harp”) DURATION: 100 minutes including an interval The artists reserve the right to make changes to the programme. The Wellington concert is being broadcast live by RNZ Concert.
4 Quatuor Ébène Quatuor Ébène What began in 1999 as a distraction the quartet had a victory at the ARD in the university’s practice rooms for Music Competition 2004. This marked the four young French musicians has the beginning of their rise, which has become a trademark of the Quatuor culminated in numerous prizes and Ébène, and has generated lasting awards including the 2007 Borletti- reverberations in the music scene. The Buitoni Trust and – as first ensemble four breathe new life into chamber ever – the 2019 Frankfurt Music Prize. music through their consistently direct, open-minded perspective on the With their charismatic playing, their works. Regardless of the genre, they fresh approach to tradition and their approach the music with humility open engagement with new forms, and respect. They change styles with the musicians have been successful in gusto, and yet remain themselves with reaching a wide audience of young all the passion that they experience listeners; they communicate their for each piece, and which they bring knowledge in regular masterclasses at to the stage and to their audiences the Conservatoire Paris. directly and authentically. In 2005, the ensemble won the There is no single word that describes Belmont Prize of the Forberg-Schneider their style: they’ve created their own. Foundation. Since then, the Foundation Their traditional repertoire does has worked closely with the musicians, not suffer from their engagement who are performing on instruments with other genres; rather, their free chosen with and loaned by Gabriele association with diverse styles brings a Forberg-Schneider since 2009. productive excitement to their music. The Quatuor Ébène’s CDs, featuring From the beginning, the complexity recordings of music by Haydn, of their oeuvre has been greeted Bartók, Debussy, Fauré, Mozart and enthusiastically by audiences and critics. the Mendelssohn siblings have won After studies with the Quatuor Ysaÿe numerous awards, including the in Paris and with Gábor Takács, Gramophone Award, the BBC Music Eberhard Feltz and György Kurtág, Magazine Award and the Midern Classic Award. Their 2010 album
Quatuor Ébène 5 “Fiction” with jazz arrangements has From April 2019 through January 2020 only solidified their unique position the Quatuor Ébène will go on a world in the chamber music scene, as well tour with the theme “Beethoven Live as their 2014 crossover CD “Brazil”, a Around the World” with concerts collaboration with Stacey Kent, and in North America, South America, their recent recording with Michel Africa, Australia & New Zealand, Asia Portal, “Eternal Stories“ (May 2017). and Europe. The quartet will guest in concert halls including the Perelman “It’s an elegant album, and Theater Philhadelphia, Sala São Paulo, probably the Ébène’s most mature Melbourne Recital Centre, and the contemporary record thus far.” - The Pierre Boulez Saal in Berlin. Each of Strad, November 2017 these seven tours will end with a live In fall 2014, Erato released a 90th recording of the last concert. These Birthday Celebration, a live recording recordings will be released as a box (on CD and DVD) of Menahem Pressler’s set in 2020 by Erato. birthday celebration concert with the The quartet will present the complete Quatour Ébène in Paris. In 2015/2016 Beethoven cycle in 2020 for their the musicians focussed on the genre 20th anniversary as well as for the of the “Lied“. They collaborated with 250th jubilee of the composer’s birth Philippe Jaroussky for the CD “Green in concert halls including Carnegie (Mélodies françaises)” which won the Hall New York, the Alte Oper BBC Music Magazine Award 2016 and Frankfurt, the Wiener Konzerthaus, published a Schubert CD. On the one the Concertgebouw Brugge, the hand, it includes Lieder, recorded Philharmonie de Paris and at the with Mathias Goerne (arranged for Verbier Festival. string quartet, baritone and bass by Raphaël Merlin) and on the other hand, the string quintet, recorded with Gautier Capuçon.
6 Quatuor Ébène Ludwig van Beethoven I. Allegro (1770 - 1827) II. Adagio cantabile – Allegro – Tempo III. Scherzo: Allegro String Quartet in G Major, op. 18 no. 2 IV. Allegro molto, quasi presto (“Compliments”) The opus 18 quartets were written at (the English nickname “compliments” the end of the 18th century, and they failing a little in its translation). The are very much embodiments of the Allegro begins with a charming classical forms of that century from violin melody and a light and playful Mozart and Haydn. Beethoven in accompaniment. It is easy to hear 1799 was a pupil of Haydn’s, a huge Haydn’s influence here, employing his fan of Gluck’s, and perhaps a little teacher’s wit as well as developing professionally envious of then popular melodic material to its full potential. composer Cherubini. A newcomer to The second melodic idea in the Vienna, this young Beethoven aspired movement is disarmingly simple to make his name writing within and delivered with impeccable established musical moulds as well manners. Later in the movement, as anybody had ever done (or, he Beethoven puts on a faux seriousness, hoped, better). The opus 18 quartets introducing a little fugue that builds are brilliant, brimming with character, in tension to a disapproving climax, yet reside largely within the expected followed by a shocked pause, structures of a string quartet written by clutching at pearls. The quartet Mozart or Haydn. meanders about a bit, and just as we start to wonder how he’ll put the The second of these quartets, pieces back together again, the cello which we hear tonight, is a perfect part delivers three brassy blasts, and illustration. The music is amiable and the good times recommence. The filled with sunlight – fresh-faced and movement ends exactly as it began, full of Haydnesque whimsy. The first with the same simple phrase and its movement enters the room like an teasing silences. elegant gentleman: witty conversation, courtly bows, suspenseful pauses. This Don’t let the second movement lull has earned this music the nickname you into a false sense of security. The Komplimentierungsquartet, referring Adagio cantabile begins how we to the Quartet’s genial atmosphere might expect, with a melody that is
Quatuor Ébène 7 sweet but also formal - almost courtly The Quartet then ends with the final in nature. The closing statement of movement in a playful mood with this first lyrical section is a unison teasing games of ‘Guess My Key,’ statement followed by pauses, like a hide and seek, and chase - running at tender farewell between two lovers a blistering speed and showing the – taking an embarrassingly romantic young composer’s sense of humour. selfie – perhaps. What happens next Beethoven referred to the Allegro is a complete surprise: the same motif molto, quasi presto as ausgeknopft: is turned into an energetic game of “unbuttoned.” This movement ends catch, some nearby friends snatching the Quartet full of bright energy, the lovers’ mobile phone and tossing relaxed spirits, and a delight in it to each other. Everyone dashes childlike fun. about breathlessly for about forty seconds (when perhaps the mobile has been recovered) and the beautiful tender melody resumes. Duration: Approx. 24 min When composing the Scherzo Beethoven must have recalled Haydn’s wistful remark: “I wish someone would show us a new way to write minuets.” The sparkling Scherzo tosses rhythmic bits between the four instruments and is brilliantly unpredictable, thematically and harmonically. Beethoven’s early scherzos show amazing variety and resource, perhaps answering Haydn’s wish!
8 Quatuor Ébène Ludwig van Beethoven I. Allegro con brio (1770 - 1827) II. Allegretto ma non troppo III. Allegretto assai vivace ma serioso – Più String Quartet in F Minor, op. 95 allegro (“Serioso”) IV. Larghetto espressivo What a changed Beethoven we Everything unessential is cut away, now hear in this next Quartet. What leaving extreme concentration torture. What suffering. What strength. and dangerously high tension. But “Serioso” is one of Beethoven’s most strength, not strain, is the lasting personal works – Beethoven wrote to impression. Beethoven isn’t one for his publisher that it was “written for a offering suffering without catharsis, as small circle of connoisseurs and never we will see. to be performed in public.” Dated October 1810 it was written during an The opening is explosive and defiant: extremely difficult time for Beethoven: a Beethoven as “me against the he was dealing with his deafness, world!”. Lewis Lockwood points out poor health, financial issues and a in his biography “Beethoven” the depressing rejection of marriage from key, F minor, is that of Beethoven’s Therese Malfatti. His faith in humanity “Appassionata” Piano Sonata, the declined as Napoleonic wars raged storm scene in the Sixth Symphony across Europe. Austria’s entry into the and the “Egmont” Overture.” The first war and the occupation of Vienna by movement is particularly intense, the French army brought death and and as in the “Appassionata” much hardship to Beethoven’s door. use is made of the contrast between the keynote F and G flat a semitone This period of his life was profoundly higher, which repeatedly intrudes to important for his music. He produced challenge the main key. This semitone several revolutionary works, including contrast sometimes appears at other the Fifth and Sixth Symphonies and pitches too, creating abrupt shifts the Op 74 “Harp” String Quartet you to remote keys. This movement is will also hear this evening. This period unusually short but nonetheless gives for Beethoven is often described as the impression of limitless power. his “heroic” period but “Serioso” is cut from a different philosophical cloth The Allegretto then offers some to the other quartets written during of Beethoven’s most intimate and this time. This is the only quartet with beautiful writing, giving us momentary a nickname given by the composer, peace following the emotional torrent and “Serioso” is indeed serious - of the relentless first movement. In tightly coiled, restrained as if caged, the remote key of D major it contains an almost wrathful and terrible work. two main elements — a lush cantabile main theme and a second theme as
Quatuor Ébène 9 an expressive fugue. The movement to a movement of extraordinary, begins with a gently descending tortuous beauty; a dance of despair line in the cello developed by the and depression – indeed there is a first violin. Unexpected and deeply school of thought that the abrupt troubled chords pepper the texture. swings and changes of mood in The viola introduces a fugal subject “Serioso” supports the theory that passed around the quartet, like each Beethoven suffered from bipolar calling out across a void, the other affective disorder. Profoundly perpetually beyond reach. Like disturbing as he can be however, he something out of a Beckett play, the cannot just express only depression, characters are suffering doubts in for the humanity in his work is parallel, unable to connect, before uncontainable, triumphing over the the opening cello line returns. What most terrible agonies of his life and follows is a brilliant double fugue, phenomenal creative efforts. In this intricately woven together to create work, he achieves his triumph in the one of the great moments in the apparent impossibility of a totally string quartet literature. convincing disconnection — in this case in the gloriously fleeting and Beethoven never called the next elated F major coda which has puzzled movement a “Scherzo.” He used this many. What does it mean? Why term only literally, when humour or did he do that? We can only guess. wit was intended. There is no humour Throughout the work the most basic in this fierce piece: this movement functions of melodic direction become is jagged, galloping downhill, powerful themes: reaching, and unstoppable. The trio sections are then plummeting with a suffocating then carried by hymn-like music sense of oppression that often the in the lower three instruments as music feels imprisoned, almost airless. the first violin flutters above, as if Perhaps at the end of this Quartet fretting about the impending return Beethoven reaches upwards and of the turbulent scherzo. Beethoven finally uncages himself, finally released, increases the tempo and the and arrives at his catharsis, his liberty. emotional fervour in the coda, sending In the end, it seems understanding the movement to its brusque end. comes from elsewhere, born of The finale then opens with a short but eternal, transient freedom. deeply plaintive introduction, leading Duration: Approx. 21 min
10 Quatuor Ébène “The Ébène foursome animated an entire universe.” – Bachtrack
Quatuor Ébène 11 Ludwig van Beethoven I. Poco adagio – Allegro (1770 - 1827) II. Adagio ma non troppo III. Presto String Quartet in E-flat Major, op. 74 IV. Allegretto con variazioni (“Harp”) What’s in a nickname? As Beethoven’s “Razumovsky” Quartets and more publisher realised, quite a lot. besides. But Beethoven was madly in Especially when the nickname is such love with Therese Malfatti, to whom a reminder of the pleasant, rippling he would soon propose marriage, arpeggios in the first movement, in only to be turned down. Haydn had one of Beethoven’s most serene and died earlier that year, and Vienna graceful string quartets, “Harp.” was invaded by the French for a second time. In a letter to his publisher Beethoven’s “Harp” Quartet is a piece Beethoven talked of how destructive that proceeds by stealth – the very and disorderly life had become, antithesis of the flamboyantly ground- Beethoven apparently cowering under breaking “Razumovsky” Quartets. pillows in his brother’s cellar trying to The veiled and amorphous opening shelter from the “drums, canons and is simply extraordinary, creeping in human misery in every form.” You marked sotto voce, which is all the couldn’t imagine a more considered more remarkable when you consider response to external turmoil as the what was going on for Beethoven “Harp” Quartet. in 1809 when he wrote the piece. This is a work that transcends the After the warmth and humanity of circumstances in which it was written. the opening we’re into the Allegro, On the one hand things were good: which is where we first encounter he had secure patronage for the first the pizzicato that Beethoven’s wily time, making him less reliant on giving publisher decided to use to give performances and selling music to the Quartet its nickname, though publishers to eke out an existence. there are plenty of novel textures Creatively he was on a roll, in the throughout the “Harp” Quartet. It’s a previous three years alone he had visual effect as well as an aural one. produced three concertos, three It sounds as if the pizzicatos are a symphonies, two piano trios, the three dialogue between the cello and the
12 Quatuor Ébène first violin. It’s only when you see it The second movement, Adagio (or read the score) that you see that ma non troppo, was described by the pizzicato is shared between all an anonymous early critic writing four players – like a test of a quartet’s in 1811 as a “sombre nocturne” interaction of melding of tone or (dunkles Nachtstück); a more recent dynamic – a work that plays tricks with commentator describes it as “tender, your expectations. Who would have yet elegiac.” It is a shift into the minor, predicted that its shy opening would and dark introspection. A beautiful have developed into this glorious and cantabile melody in the major mode ebullient outpouring, before launching alternates with minor-key episodes. into the frenzy of pizzicatos. The opening melody returns twice, each time more lavish than before; It certainly puzzled some the movement ends with some commentators. In 1811 when the heart-rending espressivo morendo “Harp” was just two years old a (expressive, dying away) chords. reviewer found it unduly sombre and lugubrious and had a dig at Beethoven When sketching out his Quartet for trying to express sentiments that Beethoven originally intended a were alien to the genre. The Scherzo minuet as his third movement. Instead came in for special criticism, “akin to there is a driving Scherzo, one that a war dance of a nation of savages.” apparently obsessed Mendelssohn Later on the opposite happened, (and it’s not difficult to hear why). But with musicologists tending to write it listen to the rhythm of the opening. off as a light throwback to the earlier Does it remind you of a certain quartets, especially when compared Beethoven Symphony, one with which to those that surround it – the it shares the key of C minor (hint: “Razumovsky”s and the “Serioso” – dah dah dah dunnn). And there is a which is no more accurate that saying wonderful ambiguity of time signature the Fourth Symphony is somehow a – are we in 3/4 or 6/8? In the transition lesser piece than the Third or Fifth.
Quatuor Ébène 13 between Scherzo and Trio, the musical in a string quartet!‘) we have some material couldn’t be simpler – we delightfully resourceful variations have a scale from the cello then taken on an accented theme. The moods up by the first violin – but the tempo of the variations alternate between remains fiercely dramatic: in a nutshell, even and odd, like an early running of even faster. Schumann’s Florestan and Eusebeus, and in their unobtrusive way, contain We arrive back at the original key for shrewd prophecies foreshadowing the Finale and are reminded of the many Brahmsian qualities. The last Allegro in the opening. All seems well movement of Brahms’s B-flat Quartet, with the world. Will Beethoven simply op 67, might almost be described as round things off with brevity and wit? a variation on Beethoven’s variations, Apparently not. The first violin makes theme and all. But the cheekiness a break for it and seems to forget they and Haydnesque wit in those closing are a chamber musician and not a bars show the Janus-like qualities of concerto soloist; if amateur quartets the “Harp” Quartet. It looks back to think the Razumovskys are fiendish, the past of quartets by Haydn while this takes matters to a whole new simultaneously looking to the future level of inaccessibility. But it’s not just and Beethoven’s late quartets. Those the first violinist in the limelight – the final bars link to the heritage on which second violinist moment afterwards Beethoven was building and the efforts is surely one of the most radiant and towards the great glories still to come. soaring in the quartet repertoire, and those pesky pizzicatos just refuse to lie down. There are shades of the Fifth Symphony in the quiet pulsating lead up to the Finale – Duration: Approx. 33 min but what follows couldn’t be more different. Instead of a blazing finale (as much as to say ‘There’s no brass Programme notes by Anna van der Leij
Gabriel Le Magadure WINE AND BEETHOVEN Gabriel, true to french form, is a wine enthusiast. Complex, sophisticated, historic and multi-layered, we asked Gabriel whether any wines embodied similarities to Beethoven’s String Quartets. String Quartet in G Major, op. 18 String Quartet in E-flat Major, op. No. 2 (“Compliments”) 74 (“Harp”) “For me, Beethoven’s “Harp” contains “Gosh, I have no idea about this one! a childhood joy. So perhaps the string The wine for “Harp” Quartet needs to quartet would need wine which be one which comes out of nowhere. wasn’t too complex, something The wine you will have only one day you could drink very easily with in your life. You are attending a wine friends – something with a sparkling tasting, and somebody gives you atmosphere. A young wine, perhaps something from anywhere – Georgia? a Beaujolais or a Morgon.” Chile? And suddenly, “Oh! What a new world!” ” String Quartet in F Minor, op. 95 (“Serioso”) “ “Serioso” is a small string quartet, structured and direct to its goal - there is no “bla-bla” with this Quartet! So “Serioso” would be a very straight and strict wine. Not complex, but very strong and you know where you are. The wines I would pick? A Côtes- du-Rhône , or Gigondas perhaps. Or a Siras, a Châteauneuf-du-Pape, and probably a bit of Carignan.”
Thank You To all of our generous donors who support CMNZ throughout the year Founders' Circle Members Roger and Jenny Mountfort Anonymous Barbara Peddie Graeme Edwards Roger Reynolds Arnold and Reka Solomons Martin and Catherine Spencer The Estate of Jenni Caldwell Basil & Jenny Stanton The Estate of Aileen Claridge Alison Thomson The Estate of Walter Freitag Ann Trotter The Estate of Chisne Gunn Judith Trotter The Estate of Warwick Gordon Harris Anna Wilson The Estate of Joan Kerr Bruce Wilson and Jill White The Estate of Monica Taylor Ann Wylie David Zwartz Ensemble ($10,000+) Anonymous Trio ($500+) Robin & Sue Harvey Anonymous (6) Kaye & Maurice Clark Diane Baguley Gill and Peter Davenport Philippa Bates Peter and Carolyn Diessl Harry and Anne Bonning Professor Jack Richards Sarah Buist JD Cullington Octet ($5,000+) Jonathan Cweorth M Hirschfeld Children's Trust Hanno Fairburn Hylton LeGrice and Angela Lindsay Tom and Kay Farrar The Lyons Family - in memory of Ian Lyons John Farrell Murray Shaw Anne French Consulting Ltd Kerrin and Noel Vautier Belinda Galbraith Lloyd Williams and Cally McWha C & P Gibson Laurie Greig Quintet ($2,500+) Gary and Helena Hawke Joy Clark Douglas and Barbara Holborow John and Trish Gribben E Prof Les Holborow Ann Harden Michael Houstoun and Mike Nicolaidi Jane Kominik Caroline List Collin Post Fiona Macmillan and Briony Macmillan Arnold and Reka Solomons Margaret Malaghan Peter and Kathryn Walls Raymond and Helen Matias AE McAloon Quartet ($1,000+) Fiona McAlpine Anonymous (2) Andrew and Mary McEwen Donald and Susan Best Heather Miller Roger and Joanna Booth Margaret Nielsen Philip and Rosalind Burdon Prue Olde MD and MA Carr Robert and Helen Philpott Rick and Lorraine Christie Miles Rogers Roger Christmas Sylvia Rosevear The Cranfylde Charitable Trust Peter and Juliet Rowe Graeme and Di Edwards John and Kathryn Sinclair Peter and Rae Fehl Ross Steele Finchley Trust Mary Smit Dame Jennifer Gibbs Priscilla Tobin Patricia Gillion David Tripp David and Heather Hutton Patricia Unger Linda MacFarlane Richard and Elaine Westlake Elizabeth McLeay Tim Wilkinson
Board Kerrin Vautier CMG (Chair), Hon Chris Finlayson, Hamish Elliott, Andreas Heuser, Matthew Savage, Vanessa Doig Staff Chief Executive, Catherine Gibson Artistic Manager, Jack Hobbs Artistic Administrator, Elliot Vaughan Outreach Coordinator, Beckie Lockhart Operations Coordinator, Rachel Hardie Marketing Manager, Will Gaisford Senior Designer, Darcy Woods Marketing Executive, Aja Lethaby Ticketing & Database Executive, Laurel Bruce Content Producer & Comms Executive, Anna van der Leij Business & Funding Administrator, Rafaela Gaspar Financial Coordinator, Yvonne Morrison Branches Auckland: Chair, Roger Reynolds; Concert Manager, Bleau Bustenera Hamilton: Chair, Murray Hunt; Concert Manager, Sharon Stephens New Plymouth: Concert Manager, Cathy Martin Hawke’s Bay: Chair, June Clifford; Concert Manager, Jamie Macphail Manawatu: Chair, Graham Parsons; Concert Manager, Virginia Warbrick Wellington: Concert Manager, Rachel Hardie Nelson: Concert Manager, Clare Monti Christchurch: Concert Manager, Jody Keehan Dunedin: Chair, Terence Dennis; Concert Manager, Richard Dingwall Southland: Chair, Rosie Beattie; Concert Manager, Rosie Beattie Regional Presenters Marlborough Music Society Inc (Blenheim), Christopher's Classics (Christchurch), Cromwell & Districts Community Arts Council, Geraldine Academy of Performance & Arts, Musica Viva Gisborne, Music Society Eastern Southland (Gore) Arts Far North (Kaitaia), Aroha Music Society (Kerikeri), Chamber Music Hutt Valley, Motueka Music Group, Oamaru Opera House, South Waikato Music Society (Putaruru), Waimakariri Community Arts Council (Rangiora), Rotorua Music Federation, Taihape Music Group, Tauranga Musica Inc, Te Awamutu Music Federation, Upper Hutt Music Society, Waikanae Music Society, Wanaka Concert Society Inc, Chamber Music Wanganui, Join the conversation Warkworth Music Society, Wellington Chamber Music Trust, Whakatane Music Society, Whangarei Music Society.
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