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MAGAZINE
1/2020
SPOTLIGHT
PRODUCT
AND PROCESS
SECURITY
Get yourself up-to-date at ACHEMA 2021
p. 8
APPLICATION ALWAYS ON THE MIND THE ACHEMA DIGITAL HUB GETTING RID OF
Submit your paper to the ACHEMA 2021 Gathering point for digital experts and GREENHOUSE GASES
congress enthusiasts 2050 could mark a turning point
p. 20 p. 22 p. 26
ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020 CONTENT
CONTENT
APPLICATION ALWAYS ON THE MIND THE ACHEMA
DIGITAL HUB
20 22
TRENDS SPOTLIGHT THE SHOW
4 Wanted: Innovators, creators, 8 Better secure than sorry 18 100 years of ACHEMA
doers Product and process security Enjoy a century’s worth
The ACHEMA 2021 Start-up is a focal topic at ACHEMA 2021 of trade show memories
Award
12 New ways to finance 20 Application always
6 The global start-up landscape the process industry on the mind
ISC3 promotes sustainable The blockchain makes it Submit your paper to the
chemistry solutions worldwide possible to pay for chemicals ACHEMA 2021 congress
per use
22 The ACHEMA Digital Hub
INSTAGRAM 14 E-money revolutionises Gathering point for digital
@ACHEMAofficial
the blockchain experts and enthusiasts
Photos: José Poblete / DECHEMA
TWITTER No bitcoin needed,
@ACHEMAworldwide you can pay in euros 23 Wake-up call for
LINKEDIN Russia’s process industry
www.achema.de/linkedin 16 Penetration tests make The Tatarstan Ecological
FACEBOOK products secure Forum premieres this
www.achema.de/facebook A simulated hacker attack September
NEWSLETTER
helps you to cope with real
www.achema.de/subscribe threats
2
CONTENT ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
EDITORIAL
GETTING RID OF GREENHOUSE GASES
26
Dear readers,
ACHEMA turns 100 this year - yay! As the
organisers, we are a little proud of course,
and why wouldn’t we be? Events that have
been around as long as ACHEMA are few
and far between. That’s no reason, however,
to rest on our laurels. We do reminisce a bit
on pages 18 and 19, where you can travel
with us through 100 years of trade show
history. Enjoy even more pictures and foot-
age from 1920 until today on our Instagram
account @ACHEMAofficial. And why not post
your very own memories of bygone times
with the hashtag #100YearsOfACHEMA?
Browse through your archives and share
the bounty with the community!
Apart from that, we are working diligently
on making the next ACHEMA as fresh and
PEOPLE RESEARCH MEETS PRACTICE exciting as if it were the first of its kind,
while keeping the spirit of our founding
24 What’s your job, 26 Getting rid of greenhouse father, Max Buchner. At his time, chemistry
Mrs Holthaus? gases and engineering were strictly separate
The technical director The German chemical fields; consulting each other was simply
of ACHEMA explains industry aims to become not done. Buchner’s concern was to en-
what she does GHG-neutral by 2050 courage chemists and engineers to collab-
orate. A hundred years on, his idea is as
29 Understanding and relevant as it was in 1920, with a wider
avoiding corrosion scope, of course. In its 101st year, ACHEMA
The experts at the DECHEMA 2021 will continue to bring people together
Corrosion Center are
to explore, advance and share new ideas
at your service
across industry boundaries.
Photos: idambeer / Adobe Stock
30 Food for thought
Pull yourself together, Yours,
rabbit heart!
31 Meet the community
31 Imprint
2 Content Marlene Etschmann
3 Editorial Editor-in-Chief
3
ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020 TRENDS
WANTED: INNOVATORS,
CREATORS, DOERS
Entrepreneurial scientists, young founders and owners
of start-ups can now apply for the 2021 ACHEMA
Start-up Award. For the first time, participation is also
possible for international founders.
H
ave you ever thought about found- Particularly in the early phases, appli-
ing your own company? If you are a cants have the opportunity from the outset BUSINESS
process engineer or chemist, to discuss their concepts with high-rank- PLANS
chances are you have not – and it is even ing mentors with specialist expertise
less probable that you actually went ahead and, on this basis, to obtain support
and became an entrepreneur. for the preparation of their business
That’s all the more regrettable since plans. Already in this early phase,
the chemical industry is a driver of innova- applicants as well as young start-
tion for numerous other industries. Innova- ups founded or in the process of until 30 November 2020
tions in chemistry, process engineering being founded after 1 July 2018
and biotechnology can fundamentally can be brought into contact
improve technologies and products on a with potential investors in
CONCEPTS
broad scale. However, the number of order to discuss the possibili-
new companies being founded in these ties of financing. Irrespective
areas is low. of the time of entry into the
The reasons are manifold: a lack of in- competition, all business
Illustration: Dzianis Rakhuba / Adobe Stock; ibrandify, Paulius B., Adrien Coquet, LAFS / Noun Project
spiring role models, little economic educa- plans submitted by 30
tion, the alternative of well-paid and safe November 2020 will com-
corporate jobs, the high investment and pete for the places in the
time to market for chemical processes final round. •
until 31 July 2020
are all factors that stand in the way of a
thriving chemical start-up landscape.
People with good ideas as well as young
companies need support in order to bring IDEAS
innovations to the market and open up
new business fields. This requires access
to experienced mentors, a strong network
and financial resources.
Therefore, DECHEMA, the Business
Angels FrankfurtRheinMain and High-Tech
Gründerfonds are awarding the ACHEMA
Start-up Award. For the third time, they are until 31 March 2020
looking for ideas, concepts and business
plans in the fields of chemistry, process
engineering and biotechnology. Idea
providers and company founders can apply
now: THE COMPETITION
The competition has three phases–ideas
— KATHRIN RÜBBERDT
HAS THREE PHASES –
can be submitted until 31 March 2020, kathrin.ruebberdt@dechema.de
+49 69-7564-277
IDEAS CAN BE SUBMITTED
concepts until 31 July 2020 and business
plans until 30 November 2020. — A CHEMA.DE/START-UP_AWARD
4
TRENDS ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
START-UPS
AT ACHEMA 2021
ACHEMA 2021 will include a first-class
Start-up area at a prime location of
the exhibition group “Research and
Innovation” featuring
__innovation pitches
__an investor’s lounge
10,000 10,000 10,000 __matchmaking possibilities
€ € € and last but not least
__the casual “Start-up Night” which
brings the networking possibilities
to a new dimension.
The ACHEMA start-up area will not
only be an exhibition and showcase
area–it will also be a gathering place
for pioneers, groundbreakers and
super minds of tomorrow’s process
industries where they meet with
investors, experts and decision-
WHAT’S IN THE POT? makers up to today’s C-suite.
The ACHEMA participants are well
Up to ten promising start-ups or start-up The ACHEMA Start-up Award is presented by
ideas will be given the chance to present DECHEMA Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und known for their high expertise and
Biotechnologie e.V., DECHEMA Ausstellungs-GmbH,
their offerings at the ACHEMA Start-up being sticklers for details. They will
Business Angels FrankfurtRheinMain e.V. and High-
Award stand and within a special pitch Tech Gründerfonds. The ACHEMA Start-up Prize dive in deep with the start-ups, giving
and networking session – a unique oppor- is also supported by the German Chemical Society
those young enterprises priceless
tunity to gain visibility with a huge inter- (GDCh), the Association of German Engineers (VDI),
the German Chemical Industry Association (VCI) opportunities to earn their trust and
national expert audience and forge new and the German F ederation of Industrial Research
business contacts. On top, three overall build strong relationships for projects
Associations (AiF) as well as the Business
winners will receive a prize money of Angels Network Germany and the Forum Start-up and business to come.
10,000 euros each. Chemie.
5
ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020 TRENDS
THE GLOBAL START-UP LANDSCAPE
The International Sustainable Chemistry Collaborative Centre (ISC3)
is an independent, international institution promoting and developing
sustainable chemistry solutions worldwide.
MOBIUS, USA
has developed a family of naturally degradable
and compostable polymers made from lignin,
a by product of the
paper and biofuel
industries, that
offer a sustainable
alternative to
single-use and
petroleum-based
plastics.
ANDES BIOENERGY, ECUADOR
has developed a process to produce biochar from
agribusiness biomass wastes which can improve
tropical soils as
well as provide
renewable thermal LE QARA, PERU
energy employing
the P-SMART uses biotech, engineering expertise and
(Pyrolysis Small microorganisms to create high-quality vegan
and Modular Auger leather that is biodegradable and toxin-free.
Reactor). A specific consor-
tium of micro
organisms which
is fed with plants
and fruit residues
produces a
leather-like
S
biomaterial.
tart-ups are an important cornerstone in
ISC3’s activities as they are seen as a
unique source of knowledge and innovation
that can contribute to a more sustainable future.
ISC3 supports them via competitions and the
Illustration: agrus / Adobe Stock
Global Start-up Service, the world’s first programme
providing holistic support to sustainable chemistry
innovators globally.
Since September 2019, the ISC3 also awards
the title of “Start-up of the month”. The list of
featured start-up companies shows the tremendous
creativity and innovation power of founders and
entrepreneurs all over the world. •
6
TRENDS ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
INDRESMAT, THE NETHERLANDS
develops polyurethane resins that are versatile,
durable, recyclable and sourced from renewable
raw materials, mainly vegetable oils and lignin.
Currently, they are
brought to market
in sustainable
building materials,
such as frames for
windows and doors
and insulating
foam coatings.
BANYAN NATION, INDIA
works with local waste collectors to produce
near-virgin grade plastic granules that it sells to
leading manufacturers in a variety of sectors.
The business rests on two pillars: a data intelli-
gence system that traces plastics recycling
activities in major Indian cities and a proprietary
process to clean
the collected
plastic, customis-
ing it for the
specific thermal
and mechanical
needs of brands
on a large scale.
INNOVERDA, FRANCE
works together with chemical and pharmaceutical
producers, testing if traditional processes can
be improved by their electrochemical approach.
Electrosynthesis can significantly reduce the
inputs of energy,
toxic and corrosive
substances,
non-renewable raw
materials, and
high pressures
and temperatures.
— KATHRIN RÜBBERDT
kathrin.ruebberdt@dechema.de
— ISC3.ORG
7
ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020 SPOTLIGHT
BETTER SAFE
SECURE
THAN SORRY
Product and process security is one of the focal
topics at ACHEMA 2021, as the Internet of Things
calls for an intensified approach to secure the inter
action between the physical and the virtual worlds.
8
SPOTLIGHT ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
9
ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020 SPOTLIGHT
HAS YOUR COMPANY
ALREADY
BEEN HACKED?
If not, you should expect the attack. According to IT experts,
there are only these two states and all you can do is to prepare well.
T
his may seem like a gloomy attitude, with ransomware. In this case, it was s potlight on these challenges. Moreover,
but it is backed by impressive directed at office communication systems, the Digital Hub in hall 12 welcomes key
numbers. The latest World Economic but IoT devices are increasingly becoming players in software and digitalisation
Forum report on global risks lists cyber part of operation and production and to the ACHEMA family. You haven’t seen
attacks and data fraud as two of the top five need special attention to keep processes them at the show before, but we are sure
risks companies are most likely to face. and products secure. With every valve that you wouldn’t want to miss this valuable
While safety systems are well established has an IT interface and with every “intelli- addition. Read more on that on page 18.
and the number of accidents with personal gent” pump sending data into the cloud,
injury is decreasing steadily, cyberattacks IT and cyber security rise to the top of the NO MAN IS AN ISLAND, NOR IS A COMPANY
are becoming all the more prevalent – in list of things to be concerned about. In Working with an air gap that physically
the process industry, too. Lanxess, BASF, times of IoT, each supplier, each automation disconnects a system from the internet
Siemens and Henkel are known to have component and each person represents a is one way to keep assailants at bay.
been infected with Winnti malware in 2019, potential risk. Therefore, the responsibility However, the global economy is intercon-
and even German safety and security lies with every player along the supply nected and many businesses depend on
specialist Pilz couldn’t evade an attack chain. ACHEMA 2021 is now putting a complex supply chains. Business partners
and suppliers need to trust each other as
well as their cybersecurity practices. If
you can’t be sure that your supplier patches
known system vulnerabilities with due
diligence, a business friend can quickly
COST OF CYBERCRIME become a “frenemy”, threatening your own
operations.
Average annual cost of cybercrime by country 2018 in million US$ When trust is an issue, distributed ledger
technologies such as the blockchain are
often quoted as the solution. Managing
data in a decentralised way is supposed to
make them immune against falsification.
Blockchain expert Prof Philipp Sandner
and colleagues elaborate on page 12 on
use cases in the chemical and pharmaceu-
US Japan Germany UK France Spain Italy tical industries. Blockchain practitioner
Dr Silvio Stephan presents a real-life appli-
27.4 13.6 13.1 11.5 9.7 8.1 8.0 cation in the chemical industry on page 14
Source: www.accenture.com and claims that it has the power to change
the whole process industry.
10SPOTLIGHT ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
MAJORITY OF GERMAN COMPANIES
ARE AFFECTED BY CYBERCRIME
Bitkom asked 1000+ companies: “What types of data theft, industrial espionage or sabotage has
affected or is likely to have affected your company in the last two years?”
32 16 Theft of IT or
21 20
Theft of sensitive
16 21
Analogue theft of
GOOD TO KNOW
telecommunica- digital data or documents, records,
tions information samples, machines,
equipment components
Security: prevents malicious activi-
ties by people.
22 24 17 25 15 25 Safety: prevents accidents; people
Analogue social Digital Digital social
Engineering sabotage engineering may or may not be involved, but in
any case the action is not intentional.
Affected % Likely affected % Source: www.bitkom.org
Cybersecurity: the practice of
protecting systems, networks, and
programs from digital attacks.
t argeting greed – a basic human trait.
Social e
ngineering comes in many flavours, Malware: software to cause damage
“A business friend and it doesn’t need to be digital. It can be
as basic as the unknown person joining
to a computer or computer network
including viruses, worms, Trojan
that ignores cyber the group of smokers discussing business
in front of the office building and walking
horses, ransomware.
security practices away with useful information about the Ransomware: malicious software
can quickly become company. cybercriminals use to hold data
hostage until a ransom is paid. If the
a ‘frenemy’.” ONLY AUTHENTIC DRUGS SAVE LIVES
When it comes to pharmaceuticals, product
demands are not met, the encrypted
data remains unavailable or may
Photo p. 8: baranozdemir / iStockphoto; Illustraion: Thitichaya, 4luck / Adobe Stock
security can become a matter of life and be deleted.
death quickly. Maintaining the cold chain
REMEMBER THE HUMAN FACTOR is vital for drugs such as insulin. Drug Denial of service (DoS): flooding the
Identifying, assessing and addressing the counterfeiting is a growing problem around targeted server with superfluous
vulnerabilities of your business is the first the globe, thus legislators took action. requests, causing an overload that
step towards secure products and processes. China was a frontrunner in implementing prevents legitimate requests from
Technical aspects, such as data backups serialisation regulations. In the European being fulfilled.
and patching software vulnerabilities come Union, it has been a year now that every
to mind first. On page 16, you can look over single box of prescription drugs needs to Phishing: social engineering attack
the shoulder of Moritz Lottermann, specialist be clearly identifiable and bear a tamper- to obtain sensitive information such
in penetration testing. “Contract hacker” evident label. The example of serialisation as usernames, passwords and credit
by trade, he evaluates possibilities to shows particularly clearly the importance card details by disguising oneself
break into his clients’ systems, just as a of secure production processes in pharma- as a trustworthy entity in an electronic
malevolent hacker would do. ceutical technology. Previously, the drug communication.
Technical considerations aside, human packaging was protecting the contents
error is the one factor that the majority and a brand carrier for the manufacturer, Pentest: short for penetration test:
of hackers use to breach networks. Haven’t now it has developed into a data carrier and authorised simulated cyberattack on
we all received e-mails from the Nigerian certificate of authenticity. • a computer system to evaluate the
connection, asking to pay money before security of the system.
you get the huge payoff (that never
— MARLENE ETSCHMANN
actually arrives)? That’s social engineering, marlene.etschmann@dechema.de
11ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
NEW WAYS TO
FINANCE THE PROCESS
INDUSTRY
The blockchain is catching on in the process industry by way of
the financial department. It contributes to drastically reduce
the cash conversion cycle and enables the supplier to access c onsumption-based financing is the next
liquidity earlier. step to release capital tied up in the supply
chain and thus reducing capital and trans-
action costs. In fact, in today’s production
economy, the terms of payment only cover
B
parts of the time where the capital is tied
uyers of chemical products rely on ments can now be controlled and executed up in current assets. In addition, there are
the continuous availability of their as needed to ensure that the flow of goods production and transport times or consign-
raw materials. In order to guarantee meets the customer’s requirements. ment stocks. The time span between
constant availability and quality of supplies, from leaving the producer’s warehouse, to
a high focus is put on monitoring, auto ACTIVATING ASSETS IN THE BALANCE delivery and storage at the customer’s
mating and digitising entire supply chains In addition to consumption-based provi- warehouse, to reimbursement can there-
through measurement technologies and sioning through methods such as vendor- fore easily cover several months. By apply-
sensors along the path. Therefore, ship- managed inventory (VMI), automated ing innovative approaches like factoring,
12ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
HOW DOES THE BLOCKCHAIN WORK?
1 2 3
A wants to send The transaction is represented The block is broadcast to
money to B online as a block every party on the network
4 5 6
The network approves The block is added to the existing The transaction
the transaction blockchain in a transparent and is complete
unalterable way
these unproductive periods can be short- existence is only provided with the INCREASING TRUST BY DISTRIBUTING
ened. This is only possible with considerable respective shipping notice being delivered. LEDGERS
administrative efforts (or not at all), despite Often, orders display too small ticket Innovative technologies, like blockchain
the potential financing volume of hundreds sizes for banks to propose attractive financ- and distributed ledger technology (DLT) in
of billions of euros of global capital tied ing solutions and have to be processed general, will play a major role in enabling
up in the supply chain. While buyers benefit manually. autonomous payments in the industry.
from long payment periods and consign-
ment agreements, sellers have to bear
the costs in the form of financing current
Illustration: iuriimotov, elenabsl / Adobe Stock
assets.
Issuing the invoice and the correspond-
ing payment (or even financing from a
partner institution) as soon as a product is
ordered or consumed, e.g. from a consign-
“Autonomous payments will
ment stock, would significantly increase transform supply chains in the
chemical industry.”
the cash-to-cash cycle and reduce the
pressure on the supplier. However, in most
cases, insufficient data quality does not
P H I L I P P SA N D N E R
allow any action to be implemented in a
fully automated way since a legal proof-of
13ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020 SPOTLIGHT
E-MONEY REVOLUTIONISES
THE BLOCKCHAIN
The autonomous handling of supply chain
finance processes is bound to have
a profound impact on the process
_ Filling level
industry. Orbit Logistics GmbH and s ensor signals trigger
AZHOS AG are testing the concept smart contracts
together with well-known chemical on the blockchain
companies.
I
nstalling sensors on silos and tank REAL MONEY INSTEAD OF the electronic delivery note, “proof
facilities and linking them with CRYPTO CURRENCY of delivery”, it represents a sufficient
blockchain technology makes it The greatest challenge was to create and binding basis for the following
possible to process payments autono- system and legal compatibility. This was autonomous payments. If the customer
mously–in contrast to the traditional achieved by forgoing crypto currencies withdraws goods, the changed invento-
sequential supply chain processes. The such as stable coins that are tied to ry triggers a transaction. The smart
sensor signals then trigger smart con- stable assets. Instead, payments are contract determines the amount of the
tracts: specific program codes on the made with E-money, meaning “real transaction by calculating the value
blockchain that guarantee, for example, money”, on the blockchain. This is an from quantities consumed and price.
the execution of financial transactions, absolute innovation in industry and a This type of autonomous settlement is
provided that predefined conditions are worldwide precedent, which should also known as “pay per consumption”
met. Thus the flow of goods and financ- make it possible to scale this use case or “pay per use”.
es could be synchronised in the future. quickly. This is a big step for the use In the future, such applications with
of blockchain technology in an industrial euro on ledger will be able to shorten
environment, especially for the auto payment cycles, improve cash flow,
nomous processing of payment trans eliminate costly posting processes and
actions. There is practically no effort release capital tied up in the supply
for the companies, since the transactions chain in a sustainable way. •
take place on the blockchain, but the
bookings are made in the IBAN accounts
by linking them to wallet addresses
on the blockchain. An important advan-
DR SILVIO STEPHAN
tage of this solution is the creation
of programmable cash; in the case
described it’s “euro on ledger”. is CEO at Orbit Logistics
AG, a leading inter
national provider of
WITHDRAWAL OF GOODS
inventory manage-
TRIGGERS PAYMENT ment solutions and
The industrial sensors in the silos supply chain auto
measure the fill levels and store the in- mation.
ventory data on the blockchain in an
Photos: Orbit Logistics
unchangeable, forgery-proof and thus — D R ING SILVIO STEPHAN
audit-proof manner. “Proof of existence” stephan@orbitlog.com
_ Filling sensor installed on a silo. is bindingly documented. Together with — ORBITLOG.COM
14SPOTLIGHT ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
Blockchain technology can increase the information on the blockchain can PROF DR PHILIPP SANDNER
trust, transparency and privacy of business directly trigger a corresponding payment
processes by providing a shared, decen- process. Each time a consumption is
tralised distributed ledger for information measured and recorded on the blockchain,
is head of the Frankfurt
used in business processes by different an invoice is created and the payment School Blockchain
players at the same time. A blockchain from the customer is validated. This process Center (FSBC) at the
system can therefore be used to store data drastically reduces the cash-to-cash cycle Frankfurt School of
collected from Internet of Things (IoT) and enables earlier access to liquidity for Finance & Management
devices, like sensors or machines. It enables the supplier. Since most customers are not and was ranked one of
the “Top 30” economists
harmonised and standardised data stand- interested in shortened terms of payment, by the Frankfurter
ards between multiple parties. accordingly, a financing institution can Allgemeine Zeitung
be integrated providing instant liquidity in (FAZ) in 2018.
CONSENSUS IS KEY IN THE BLOCKCHAIN terms of supply chain financing for each
If data is collected on a blockchain, the consumption.
data is also protected from manipulation
as long as not every party involved consents. TURNING SILOS INTO PROFIT CENTRES
As soon as a blockchain is used in combi- Besides the sole advantage of having
nation with inventory measuring sensors, access to cheap liquidity, the system allows
JONAS GROSS
the creation of a certain proof of existence each silo or warehouse system to act as a
for inventory is enabled, stating which single profit centre from an accounting
amount of a good was stored at which perspective. This adds transparency, enables is a project manager
and research assistant
point in time at a certain location. Informa- activity-based costing approaches and makes
at the Frankfurt School
tion processed and stored immutably on the underlying assets accessible for insti- Blockchain Center
a blockchain serves as a perfect basis tutional investors as well as securitisable (FSBC), specialising in
Illustration: your123 / Adobe Stock; Photos: Azhos, Frankfurt School
for autonomous processes since further tokenisation. Furthermore, when directly cryptocurrencies and
inventory checks are made redundant. connected to the respective legacy systems, central bank digital
currencies.
all manual steps regarding the ordering and
PAYING CHEMICALS BY USE invoicing process can be made obsolete. If
If applied on a consignment structure with set up properly, all the mentioned processes
a monthly inventory cycle, for example, would autonomously run for months
sensors can be used to continuously meas- without any human interaction required. •
ure the inventory levels in each silo and TONY OEHM
record this information on a blockchain set
up between the supplier and the customer.
Due to the data quality ensured by the — P ROF DR PHILIPP SANDNER
p.sandner@fs.de is COO of AZHOS AG,
blockchain, every inventory level measure- which provides supply
— JONAS GROSS
ment equals a proof of existence for the Jonas.gross@fs-blockchain.de chain finance and
material. Therefore, every inventory move- management solutions
— TONY OEHM
ment is a proof of consumption by the oehm@azhos.io for the chemical and
oil industry using
customer or of a new delivery. Instead of
— FS-BLOCKCHAIN.DE blockchain technology.
paying the consumed inventory monthly, — AZHOS.IO
15ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020 SPOTLIGHT
PENETRATION TESTS MAKE
PRODUCTS SECURE
The buzzword Industry 4.0 embraces production facilities becoming increasingly digital and smart.
As a consequence, companies are confronted with the issue of IT security due to the networked
production. The effects of a hacker attack are particularly noticeable in the production process.
In order to ensure product security, penetration tests against such systems or their components
are becoming increasingly popular.
A
67
penetration test is a simulated At the end of every pentest, there is a
hacker attack. The penetration report with detailed explanations about
tester uses the same techniques the vulnerabilities found. In order to be
that a criminal hacker would use. Different able to fix them, they should be described
experts are involved depending on the test in a way that the customer can reproduce
object. If industrial devices with cloud con- them independently. Of course, the com-
nections are examined, experts for embed- pany carrying out the test should be
PERCENT
ded systems, web applications and cloud available for questions about weak points
infrastructure collaborate. or their elimination. •
After the planning, in the preparation of ransomware attacks are caused
phase, the client creates the necessary by phishing e-mails MORITZ LOTTERMANN
framework conditions. If, for example, indi- Source: Datto’s ransomware report 2019
vidual components of a production line are
to be tested, the penetration tester needs allow direct access to the system. Occa-
has been conducting
these components in multiple versions. sionally, these interfaces are not removed penetration tests at SySS
While the pentest is conducted, a con- or disabled in the final production. If there GmbH for 2.5 years. As a
tact person should always be available for is a back-end component for the device, member of the hardware
questions. It can happen that a device it is recommended to test it, too. focus team, he analyses
products from the Internet
does not work correctly after an attack and Just as a hacker would do, a penetration
of Things (IoT) environment.
then a close contact between pentester tester is interested here, among other
and client is beneficial in order to fix errors things, in the authentication and authori-
quickly. sation concepts as well as in the possi — MORITZ LOTTERMANN
bilities of escalating their privileges and moritz.lottermann@syss.de
PENTESTING IS FOR HARDWARE, TOO reading out external customer data. — SYSS.DE
When testing the hardware of an industrial
device, first the accessible interfaces, such
_ It takes a holistic
as network connections or proprietary approach to protect
plugs, are checked. Often the housing is a company from
Photos: zapp2photo / Adobe Stock, SySS GmbH
opened as well to examine its contents, as cyberattacks.
the security of the memory devices is often
neglected during development. If a cyber-
criminal can procure identically construct-
ed operating system memory, they can
draw conclusions about the encryption,
extract and manipulate the operating
system memory of the device and thus
compromise the entire device.
Embedded tests also focus on what are
known as debug interfaces. These are re-
quired during hardware development and
16SPOTLIGHT ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
FACTS AND FIGURES
TOP 10 RISKS BY LIKELIHOOD AVERAGE ANNUAL
COST OF CYBER-
1 2 3 4 5 CRIME TYPE
Extrem
weather
events
Failure of
climate-change
mitigation and
Natural
disasters
Data fraud
or theft
Cyber-
attacks OF ATTACK 2018
adaptation in US$
6
Man-made
7
Large-scale
8
Biodiversity
9
Water
10
Asset bubbles
environmental involuntary loss and crises in a major
disasters migration ecosystem economy
2.62 million
collapse
Source: WEF Global Risks Report 2019
Malware
DEMAND FOR STATES WITH CYBER-
RANSOM IN 2018: CRIME LEGISLATION
per region
Europe
CIS
2.27 million
Web-based attacks
Asia-Pacific
Arab States
Americas
Africa
0 10 20 30 40 10
Illustration: Anthony Bossard / Noun Project; sharpnose / Adobe Stock
Yes / No
Source: ITU-D Telecommunication development sector
Median demand
1.72 million
US$ 10,000 CYBERCRIME LEGIS-
Denial of service
per incident
LATION GLOBALLY
in percent
Highest demand
US$ 8.5 million NO
9%
YES
91 % 1.62 million
Malicious insider
Source: www.beazley.com Source: ITU-D Telecommunication development sector Source: www.accenture.com
17ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020 THE SHOW
100 YEARS OF
One man – one idea – one trade show.
Max Buchner was a chemist by trade
and his ambition was “to bring
chemists and engineers together for
fruitful cooperation”. Take a tour
through 100 years of ACHEMA history
from 1920 till today and see how
Buchner’s dream became a reality.
1918 1920
The humble beginnings:
Max Buchner 75 companies cover
is the mastermind 560 m² of exhibition
behind ACHEMA. space in 1920.
1997 1982 1976
The newly developing field of biotechnology
The first rover sends data from uses much the same apparatus as the chemi- Analytics are
Mars in 1997 and a copy lands cal industry. Bioreactors with process control becoming increasingly
at an exhibition booth. units have been a staple at ACHEMA since 1982. mobile in 1976.
Photos: DECHEMA
2006 2015
Interactive discussions, high-level
High tech meets cuteness: speakers and a well-known
a MRT system for guinea pigs congress have always been an
at ACHEMA 2006. inherent part of ACHEMA.
18THE SHOW ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
F ACHEMA
1937 1950 1955
The first ACHEMA after World Socialising has always been part
War II takes place in 1950 in of the show. In the 1950s this
Size already Frankfurt/Main, which has means a festive banquet with
matters in 1937. been its home base ever since. interludes featuring dancers.
1973 1961
Attending the ladies’
programme is not for these
professionals who prefer Automation on the shop
to inspect the latest in floor and in the lab is a
laboratory glassware in 1973. focal topic in 1961.
2018 2021
— MARLENE ETSCHMANN
A chemist and an engineer marlene.etschmann@dechema.de
discussing hot topics for sustaina- Get ready for the
ble chemistry innovation in 2018 unexpected at INSTAGRAM
– Max Buchner would be pleased. ACHEMA 2021! @ACHEMAofficial #100YearsOfACHEMA
19ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020 THE SHOW
APPLICATION
ALWAYS HIGHLIGHT SESSIONS:
INDUSTRY
ON THE MIND VISIONARIES ON
STAGE
Why go to a conference session when the exhibition is
enticing you with all its sensual attractions? Because the Each day, a Highlight Session will
Photos: José Poblete / DECHEMA; Chattapat Kunlapatpisit, Kiran Shastry / Noun Project
be dedicated to topics that move and
ACHEMA congress is where innovation is born.
shake the industry. What do visio
W
naries expect, and what is the
here do all the innovative tech- interlinking guarantees the practical rele- answer of industrial players? Join
nologies, the gleaming stain- vance of the presentations that also pick the discussion on
less steel devices and the new up on everyday challenges encountered
processes the exhibitors are providing in industry, providing new solutions from __Hydrogen as a gamechanger
equipment for originate from? From sci- the lab. within the process industries
ence and applied research! This is why the
congress is and always has been an inte- GAMECHANGING TRENDS __Recruiting cells for chemical
gral part of ACHEMA – as the cradle of in- Based on the unique expertise and net- roduction: novel biological
p
novation. work of DECHEMA, the ACHEMA congress production systems
Just as exhibitors and buyers from all covers topics that are highly relevant to
over the world meet in the exhibition halls, researchers and industry alike. Trends that __Closing the loop with chemical
researchers, developers and users get to- have the potential to change the whole recycling: potentials and
gether in the congress to discuss what’s industry such as challenges
needed, what’s possible and what will be
the next big thing in the process indus- __the boost of integrating renewable __Artificial intelligence: data
tries. Application is always on the mind of energy in chemical processes for advanced processes and
speakers and audience – no wonder with product development
the thriving exhibition next door. The close __the strive for a circular economy
20THE SHOW ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
SUBMIT YOUR PAPER AND
SHOWCASE YOUR EXPERTISE AT
THE ACHEMA 2021 CONGRESS
Papers can be submitted to all of the following topics:
__Future production: modular, __Renewing the chemical
connected & smart & pharma supply chain
__Industrial intelligence & sensor- __Materials & material processing
based process control __Additive manufacturing
__Plant design & maintenance __Innovative product design in
__Pumps, compressors, valves & mechanical process engineering
f ittings: state of the art in fluid __The digital lab: laboratory &
handling analytical techniques
__Innovative mixing & separation __Raw materials
solutions __Water technologies
__Bioprocessing: bioreactors, process
__Future energy use in process
development & control
industries
__Pharma meets production
__Product & process security
__Safety first!
To accommodate the preferences of different stakeholder groups, the congress
programme offers two d
istinct formats.
Congress sessions PRAXISforums
__the ongoing digitalisation in research Congress sessions cover application- PRAXISforums are meeting points for
and production oriented research up to the threshold technology seekers and solution pro-
of market entry and showcase current viders that focus on upcoming or exist-
__the integration of lab and production trends in process technologies ing solutions and are located close to
by integrated process design the corresponding exhibition groups.
and many more are covered in highlight Submissions will be aligned according to their fit with either the congress or
sessions, presentations and discussions. PRAXISforum profile.
The overarching trends account for the
breadth of the programme. But they are
also broken down to explore in depth their
impact on different disciplines and to classical Q&A to sessions where members
discuss what different fields of research of the audience are encouraged to get
can contribute. actively involved. True to the spirit of
To enable a lively discussion and ACHEMA, scientists, renowned researchers
— KATHRIN RÜBBERDT
promote the forging of new contacts, the and industry experts will be invited to kathrin.ruebberdt@dechema.de
congress will consist of formats with take the stage as well as students, founders +49 69-7564-277
different degrees of interactivity, from the and innovative thinkers. • — ACHEMA.DE/CONGRESS
21ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020 THE SHOW
THE ACHEMA
DIGITAL HUB
Digitalisation has established itself
as one of the top items on the
process industry agenda and has
become an ever-stronger topic in
the ACHEMA community – high time
to close the ranks with the digital
ecosystem at ACHEMA 2021!
D
igitalisation and the ensuing digital
transformation has staked its claim
way beyond the traditional realms
of IT departments and arrived at the core of
the ACHEMA community, sometimes with deliver what they promise. And, more im-
brute force. Expectations to leverage portantly: fit well into the often brownfield
efficiencies and create new opportunities context and integrate effortlessly with each FOCAL TOPICS
keep rising in sync with the breadth and
speed of technologies becoming available
other and legacy systems already in place.
High time to close the ranks, we thought,
HIGHLIGHT
to the industry. Technology, of course, is and initiated the ACHEMA Digital Hub. DIGITALISATION
necessary but not sufficient for long-term ACROSS ACHEMA
success: People development and transfor- THE DIGITAL HUB IDEA IN A NUTSHELL
mational leadership are just as important. The Digital Hub will be the central gathering Our ACHEMA 2021 focal topics will
Many exhibitors have begun to partner place for digital experts and enthusiasts highlight some of the most pressing
with the digital ecosystem, and digital play- at ACHEMA 2021. It will be the platform for issues:
ers, on the other hand, sport some impres- exhibitors from the digital ecosystem
sive industry-specific use cases by now. But: showcasing highly relevant technologies
A lot of work remains to be done. The im- and use cases that do not fit into the
plementation in the process industry’s ACHEMA exhibition group categories. It will
delicate processes is all but easy, and many serve as an exhibition and meeting space MODULAR AND CONNECTED
in our ACHEMA community are looking as well as a learning and networking hub. PRODUCTION
hard to find viable solutions that work and A central stage and smaller break-out areas
will provide the latest expert insights and
allow for fruitful discussions with leaders
and experts alike.
As a hub, it will also provide compre- THE DIGITAL LAB
hensive linkages to other digital showcases
Illustration: DECHEMA / Liebchen und Liebchen
“The ACHEMA Digital across ACHEMA. After all, the Digital Hub
Hub will showcase
is just one piece of the puzzle.
Visitors will find a lot more digital
digital technologies solutions and use cases at the 3,700+
exhibitors or the ACHEMA Congress and
PRODUCT AND PROCESS SECURITY
and applications for PRAXISforums all across ACHEMA.
process industries.”
The Digital Hub concept was developed
in close cooperation with leading protago-
— ANDREAS KONERT
nists from the digital ecosystem. We are andreas.konert@dechema.de
A N D R E A S KO N E RT +49 69-7564-159
currently crafting the agenda and recruiting
exhibitors. Care to join? • — ACHEMA.DE/DIGITALHUB
22THE SHOW ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
WAKE-UP CALL FOR RUSSIA’S
PROCESS INDUSTRY
The Tatarstan Ecological Forum premieres 2–4 September 2020 in Kazan alongside the established
Tatarstan Petrochemical Forum – and you can be part of it.
T
he times one could associate Republi
co
Russia’s industry, particularly TATARS f
TAN
Russia’s petrochemical sector, with Capital:
all kinds of environmental wrongdoing and SWEDEN
KAZAN
ecological ignorance are definitely over. FINLAND RUSSIA
By now authorities and industry players
alike have understood the necessity to Kazan
provide appropriate framework conditions
BELARUS
to safeguard a healthy environment and to POLAND
UKRAINE KAZAKHSTAN MONGOLIA
minimise the ecological impact of industrial
growth. This is the overriding motive to ROMANIA
UZBEKISTAN NORTH KOREA
hold the first Tatarstan Ecological Forum in
SOUTH KOREA
Kazan coming September. At the same TURKEY
TURKMENISTAN CHINA
time, this is also the motive for DECHEMA IRAN
JAPAN
to support this initiative of the Ministry for
Ecology and Natural Resources of Tatarstan, QUICK FACTS TATARSTAN some kind of pioneering approach will
Russia’s petrochemical hub. be needed here … but it is obvious this
3.9 m
Tatarstan is a semi-independent re implies the chance to leave a footprint
public which stayed under the political in less contested territory with vast devel-
administration of Russia after the disinte- opment potential.
Total population (2.4 m of working age)
30 bn euros
gration of the Soviet Union. It is also the As official co-organisers, DECHEMA
epicenter of the country’s process industry. will contribute to the event by organising a
Thanks to abundant fossil resources, conference session of its own. •
the Republic of Tatarstan gained economic GDP
50 %
self-determination but remained under
Moscow’s umbrella in terms of laws,
currency or foreign politics. BE PART OF KAZAN
ECOFORUM AND
of all Russian citizens live within 1,000 km of Kazan
As far as Russia’s process industry is
1st
concerned, there is no way around Tatarstan.
No other Russian region offers a similarly PRESENT YOUR
immediate access to fossil resources, KNOW-HOW
together with well-established industrial in the national ranking of business climates in Russia
sites, special economic zones and Submit a paper for any of the forum
efficient logistics. topics by sending a brief abstract via
Illustration: ALF photo, sateda / Adobe Stock
Hence the Ecological Forum being held e-mail. Please note that speaking
this September is not only a clear vote for __circular economy slots are limited and will be assigned
improving environmental standards – it is __sustainable economic development on a first-come, first-served basis.
also a direct call to action for the country’s
petrochemical sector. The forum will be a meeting point for experts
— MS EKATERINA SHERSTOBITOVA
and decision makers from various sectors ekaterina.sherstobitova@russia.
Topics of particular focus are of the Russian industry, with explicit focus messefrankfurt.com
+7-4956498775-103
__clean water on the petrochemical sector. So the event
__industrial water cycles — D R THOMAS SCHEURING
could very well be groundbreaking in a scheuring@dechema.de
__industrial safety market which only recently has accepted +49-69-7564 336
__energy efficiency the ecological challenge. Sure enough,
23ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020 PEOPLE
PORTRAIT
WHAT’S YOUR JOB,
MRS HOLTHAUS?
Every employee of DECHEMA Exhibitions knows the question “what do you actually do when there
is no trade show?” Ulrike Holthaus, Technical Director of ACHEMA, answers.
I
Photo: DECHEMA / Marlene Etschmann
have been the technical manager since running, we are already preparing the Now, the year before ACHEMA, my team
1995; before that I allocated stands, conditions of participation and the and I are busy setting up the ordering portal
and before that I was involved in the technical guidelines for the next ACHEMA. and selecting service providers, such as
catalogue production. My current job is the From afar, those documents always look stand construction companies. Exhibitors
most fun of all. the same, but it is not just a matter of copy who don’t want to take care of stand con-
We are not only active in Frankfurt, but and paste. We have to work through them struction themselves can book it with us.
also in China. For us, therefore, ACHEMA is diligently and check whether any legal The service provider then builds the stand
followed by AchemAsia, which takes place regulations have changed in the last three and when the exhibitor arrives at the
the following year. While AchemAsia is still years. venue, the final stand is already there.
24PEOPLE ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
THE TIDAL WAVE HITS IN MARCH
There is always a certain day when ACHEMA
really takes off, but you don’t know in
advance which one it will be. Usually it is “When the ACHEMA gets
sometime in March of the ACHEMA year,
and it hits you like a tidal wave. A wave
going I often think ‘I have
of calls, of e-mails, of emotions, of the best job in the world’. ”
everything. Orders come flooding in and
heaps of stand plans need to be approved. U L R I K E H O LT H AU S
At that point, ACHEMA is omnipresent, it
feels like being immersed in an ACHEMA
swimming pool. It’s chop-chop from then
on. You have to be able to make decisions
quickly, otherwise you can’t do this job.
It’s all about not going crazy. During this
time in particular, I often think I have
the greatest job in the world.
We take over the exhibition grounds
twelve days before ACHEMA opens. First
thing, we check all the halls and find out
about any existing damage. Just as you do On the evening of ACHEMA Monday, I tling. I always watch the convoy of vehicles
when you take over an apartment as a can take a breath for the first time. When entering the fairgrounds. On the one hand,
private person: Are the walls stained, are “Meet your friends” has begun, I know that because it is a real spectacle how this
there holes in the floor, or are glass doors the set-up went well as did the opening infinitely long queue of vehicles rolls in, on
broken? Then we discuss with the venue ceremony, and it leaves me with a strong the other hand, because I need to know
owner, Messe Frankfurt, what needs to be energy boost – so far I have danced at whether everything is working smoothly.
repaired before the show. every exhibitor evening. On Friday night, I leave around 10
Exhibitors have seven days to set up During ACHEMA, my daily business is to o’clock. At two o’clock next morning,
their booths. Two days before the doors take care of some events taking place in “empties night” begins, and an army of
open, the fairgrounds are packed, there’s addition to the trade show and the congress forklifts swarms out to deliver the stored
a hustle and bustle of unpacking boxes, programme. The jobs range from checking packing crates from the storage rooms
construction work and decorating. On the whether a flower arrangement is in the to the stands.
last day, the biggest task is to have thou- right place to conjuring up 50 more chairs, Dismantling lasts until Wednesday after
sands of boxes removed from the halls on and I am always on my feet. On an average the fair. On Wednesday afternoon, the
time so that the aisle carpet fitting can day at the show, I clock over 20,000 steps construction supervisors and I will check
start. Many people’s nerves are shattered on my pedometer. Shoes that are as whether everything has gone from the halls
by that time. Conflicts can sometimes arise comfortable as sneakers but don’t look like and no stand was forgotten. When we
between stand neighbors when someone them are essential for me. I admire women leave the fairgrounds and everything has
feels treated unfairly or one has actually walking around the fairgrounds in high gone well in terms of safety without any
built beyond the edge of the other’s stand. heels. serious accidents, ACHEMA is over for me
It is my job to settle these disputes, and I and I can breathe a sigh of relief.
know what exhibitors say about me: PLANNING DEPARTURES ON THURSDAY I go on holiday when invoices have
“When she comes, there’s trouble ahead.” ACHEMA Thursday is dominated by inquir- been settled with the service providers and
But I can live with that. ies about dismantling on Friday. The usual the venue owner, usually four to six weeks
scenario is: “My train is running, my plane after the event. My favourite place is
A SIGH OF RELIEF ON MONDAY NIGHT is flying and I just want to get off the fair- Southern Crete, where there are no stimuli
When ACHEMA starts, I am also responsi- grounds as quickly as possible, how can I at all and the most pressing task is to
ble for safety. At the daily morning briefing manage that?” Friday is all about keeping count how many ants there are scuttling
with Messe Frankfurt, the fire brigade, the the exhibitors calm and ending ACHEMA in under the breakfast table. •
police and technical services, we discuss a civilised manner. When the aisles carpets
safety-relevant issues of all kinds, even the are going to be removed, it is important
weather. If it is hot and humid, the air that there are no crates standing around
conditioning systems are running on maxi- obstructing the workers. As soon as the
mum, and in heavy rain, supply ducts have carpets have been picked up, cars and
— MARLENE ETSCHMANN
even been under water. vans are allowed on the site for disman- marlene.etschmann@dechema.de
25ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020 RESEARCH MEETS PRACTICE
GETTING RID OF
GREENHOUSE GASES
The German chemical industry is – in terms of revenue – the fourth largest in the world and a
backbone of the German economy. Accordingly, national and international attention was enormous
when DECHEMA published a study in October commissioned by the VCI (Association of the German
Chemical Industry) stating that the German chemical industry could become GHG-neutral by 2050.
₂:
vi ng CO 8.4 m t
Sa /a
CO₂: 13.9 m
v in g t/ a
PLASTICS RECYCLING BY Sa
TECHNOLOGICAL PYROLYSIS OR GASIFICATION OLEFINS AND AROMA
MILESTONES The technologies for breaking down
plastics to hydrocarbon mixtures (pyrolysis)
TICS FROM ELECTRICALLY
HEATED CRACKERS
or synthesis gas are well advanced.
The goal of ongoing development efforts is
In accordance with the general strategy to
to retrofit existing crackers with electrical
source energy only from renewable sources,
heating. The current challenge is that a
the plants would have to be electrified.
large amount of energy has to be supplied to
Introduction: 2030 a small space. CO₂ savings depend on the
₂
g CO : 51.1 m emission factor of the electricity mix.
vi n t /a Introduction: 2035
Sa
SYNTHETIC NAPHTHA
FROM BIOMASS
Biomass and other carbon-containing
waste streams can be converted into
synthesis gas directly without need for
additional hydrogen. Application of the
₂
g CO : 1.56 m t
Fischer-Tropsch process again results in
synthetic naphtha as cracker feed.
in
S av /a
Introduction: 2025
METHANOL
FROM BIOMASS
The generation of synthesis gas from
biomass is the first step in this process,
followed by conventional catalytic methanol
synthesis. In principle, this technology is
already available and has been demonstrated
on a 300 t/a scale. All greenhouse gas emis-
sions are electricity-related, but the process
requires significant amounts of biomass.
Introduction: 2035
TRL=9
2025 2030 2035RESEARCH MEETS PRACTICE ACHEMA MAGAZINE // 1/2020
T
he chemical industry has already logical Readiness Level (“TRL”, a TRL=9
made tremendous progress over the meaning ready for industrial implementa-
O ₂ : 5 1. 1 m
vi ng C t/
last decades and at least partially tion on a large scale), different technolo-
Sa a decoupled growth and GHG emissions. But gies have been assessed for their time to
“GHG-neutral”? That seems ambitious, to market, their effect on CO₂ emissions and
SYNTHETIC NAPHTHA FROM say the least. their cost competitiveness. From this, a
CO2 AND HYDROGEN
FROM ELECTROLYSIS The greenhouse-gas-neutral pathway is timeline for their introduction has been
the most interesting scenario– of course, developed.
Hydrogen and CO₂ can be converted into
synthesis gas. The synthesis gas in turn can be as it is the most ambitious, but also due to The processes considered are those for
processed, e.g. by the well-known Fischer- the profound technological analysis it is the production of the highest-volume
Tropsch synthesis, resulting in long-chain
alkanes, among them so-called synthetic naph- based on. Based on their current Techno- chemicals chlorine, ammonia, urea, meth-
tha that can be fed into the cracker, producing anol, ethylene, propylene and butadiene
olefins and aromatics.
as well as BTX. They are the basis for most
Introduction: 2040 CO₂: 7.9 m
vi n g t/a of the overall product portfolio of the
Sa
chemical industry, and their production
AMMONIA FROM HYDROGEN today accounts for 75 % of greenhouse
BY ELECTROLYSIS gas emissions.
In this process, the hydrogen derived from steam While some production processes such
reforming of natural gas is replaced with hydrogen
from water electrolysis. This requires the provision of as the current chlorine-alkaline process
pure nitrogen and according investments in air separa- are not be expected to be replaced by
tion components. TRL 9 or industrial applicability is ex-
pected to be reached in 2031. However, production capaci- disruptive technologies, other chemical
ties of these plants are expected to be significantly lower products may in the future rely on a
than those of today’s plants due to size restrictions of
completely new feedstock base, in which
CO₂: 2.23 m the electrolysis plants. CO₂ savings depend on the
v ing t/ a emission factor of grid electricity. For Germany, biomass, hydrogen and CO₂ via carbon
Sa introduction of the technology in 2040 is expect-
capture and utilisation (CCU) play a domi-
ed for the greenhouse-gas neutral pathway.
METHANOL FROM HY nant role. •
DROGEN BY ELECTROLYSIS Introduction: 2040
AND CO₂
This technology is already at a demo stage.
CO₂ can be supplied from industrial process-
es or biomass – in this case, greenhouse gas
emission are fully dependent on the specific
₂
emissions of the electricity. Investment
in g CO : 7.75 m
costs are high, with the electrolysis plant av t/a
accounting for about 80 %. S
AMMONIA FROM
Introduction: 2038 METHANE PYROLYSIS
Hydrogen in this process comes from
the pyrolysis of methane. The required
investment is similar to that for ammoni-
₂
g CO : 2.1 8 m
um from hydrogen by electrolysis, electric-
in t/a ity demand is lower, but methane – fossil
S av or preferably biobased – is required,
resulting in higher economic hurdles.
METHANOL FROM
METHANE PYROLYSIS Introduction: 2045
Similar to ammonia, hydrogen for
methanol synthesis can also be pro-
duced by methane pyrolysis. Emissions
of this process are even today lower
than in conventional processes, while
investment is about 65 % higher.
Introduction: 2040
2040 2045 2050You can also read
